diff --git a/fuzztest/internal/domains/protobuf_domain_impl.h b/fuzztest/internal/domains/protobuf_domain_impl.h
index 279bf2dd..621b11db 100644
--- a/fuzztest/internal/domains/protobuf_domain_impl.h
+++ b/fuzztest/internal/domains/protobuf_domain_impl.h
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ class ProtobufDomainUntypedImpl
   corpus_type Init(absl::BitGenRef prng) {
     if (auto seed = this->MaybeGetRandomSeed(prng)) return *seed;
     FUZZTEST_INTERNAL_CHECK(
-        !customized_fields_.empty() || !IsNonTerminatingRecursive(),
+        !IsCustomizedRecursivelyOnly() || !IsNonTerminatingRecursive(),
         "Cannot set recursive fields by default.");
     const auto* descriptor = prototype_.Get()->GetDescriptor();
     corpus_type val;
@@ -468,10 +468,10 @@ class ProtobufDomainUntypedImpl
         if (!oneof_to_field.contains(oneof->index())) {
           oneof_to_field[oneof->index()] = SelectAFieldIndexInOneof(
               oneof, prng,
-              /*non_recursive_only=*/customized_fields_.empty());
+              /*non_recursive_only=*/IsCustomizedRecursivelyOnly());
         }
         if (oneof_to_field[oneof->index()] != field->index()) continue;
-      } else if (!IsRequired(field) && customized_fields_.empty() &&
+      } else if (!IsRequired(field) && IsCustomizedRecursivelyOnly() &&
                  IsFieldRecursive(field)) {
         // We avoid initializing non-required recursive fields by default (if
         // they are not explicitly customized). Otherwise, the initialization
@@ -1662,37 +1662,36 @@ class ProtobufDomainUntypedImpl
 
   bool IsNonTerminatingRecursive() {
     absl::flat_hash_set<decltype(prototype_.Get()->GetDescriptor())> parents;
-    return IsProtoRecursive(prototype_.Get()->GetDescriptor(), parents, policy_,
+    return IsProtoRecursive(prototype_.Get()->GetDescriptor(), parents,
                             /*consider_non_terminating_recursions=*/true);
   }
 
   bool IsFieldRecursive(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
     if (!field->message_type()) return false;
     absl::flat_hash_set<decltype(field->message_type())> parents;
-    return IsProtoRecursive(field->message_type(), parents, policy_,
+    return IsProtoRecursive(field->message_type(), parents,
                             /*consider_non_terminating_recursions=*/false);
   }
 
   bool IsOneofRecursive(const OneofDescriptor* oneof,
                         absl::flat_hash_set<const Descriptor*>& parents,
-                        const ProtoPolicy<Message>& policy,
                         bool consider_non_terminating_recursions) const {
     bool is_oneof_recursive = false;
     for (int i = 0; i < oneof->field_count(); ++i) {
       const auto* field = oneof->field(i);
-      const auto field_policy = policy.GetOptionalPolicy(field);
+      const auto field_policy = policy_.GetOptionalPolicy(field);
       if (field_policy == OptionalPolicy::kAlwaysNull) continue;
       const auto* child = field->message_type();
       if (consider_non_terminating_recursions) {
         is_oneof_recursive =
             field_policy != OptionalPolicy::kWithNull && child &&
-            IsProtoRecursive(child, parents, policy,
+            IsProtoRecursive(child, parents,
                              consider_non_terminating_recursions);
         if (!is_oneof_recursive) {
           return false;
         }
       } else {
-        if (child && IsProtoRecursive(child, parents, policy,
+        if (child && IsProtoRecursive(child, parents,
                                       consider_non_terminating_recursions)) {
           return true;
         }
@@ -1704,13 +1703,12 @@ class ProtobufDomainUntypedImpl
   template <typename Descriptor>
   bool IsProtoRecursive(const Descriptor* descriptor,
                         absl::flat_hash_set<const Descriptor*>& parents,
-                        const ProtoPolicy<Message>& policy,
                         bool consider_non_terminating_recursions) const {
     if (parents.contains(descriptor)) return true;
     parents.insert(descriptor);
     for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
       const auto* oneof = descriptor->oneof_decl(i);
-      if (IsOneofRecursive(oneof, parents, policy,
+      if (IsOneofRecursive(oneof, parents,
                            consider_non_terminating_recursions)) {
         parents.erase(descriptor);
         return true;
@@ -1728,23 +1726,23 @@ class ProtobufDomainUntypedImpl
       if (consider_non_terminating_recursions) {
         const bool should_be_set =
             IsRequired(field) ||
-            (field->is_optional() &&
-             policy.GetOptionalPolicy(field) == OptionalPolicy::kWithoutNull) ||
+            (field->is_optional() && policy_.GetOptionalPolicy(field) ==
+                                         OptionalPolicy::kWithoutNull) ||
             (field->is_repeated() &&
-             policy.GetMinRepeatedFieldSize(field).has_value() &&
-             *policy.GetMinRepeatedFieldSize(field) > 0);
+             policy_.GetMinRepeatedFieldSize(field).has_value() &&
+             *policy_.GetMinRepeatedFieldSize(field) > 0);
         if (!should_be_set) continue;
       } else {
         const bool can_be_set =
             IsRequired(field) ||
             (field->is_optional() &&
-             policy.GetOptionalPolicy(field) != OptionalPolicy::kAlwaysNull) ||
+             policy_.GetOptionalPolicy(field) != OptionalPolicy::kAlwaysNull) ||
             (field->is_repeated() &&
-             (!policy.GetMaxRepeatedFieldSize(field).has_value() ||
-              *policy.GetMaxRepeatedFieldSize(field) > 0));
+             (!policy_.GetMaxRepeatedFieldSize(field).has_value() ||
+              *policy_.GetMaxRepeatedFieldSize(field) > 0));
         if (!can_be_set) continue;
       }
-      if (IsProtoRecursive(child, parents, policy,
+      if (IsProtoRecursive(child, parents,
                            consider_non_terminating_recursions)) {
         parents.erase(descriptor);
         return true;
@@ -1767,6 +1765,15 @@ class ProtobufDomainUntypedImpl
            field->containing_type()->map_value() == field;
   }
 
+  // Returns true if all domain customizations are defined recursively (through
+  // policy) and no individual field is customized at the top level. This check
+  // would be useful in recursion analysis. In particular, recursion analysis
+  // is only meaningful when all customizations are also recursive.
+  bool IsCustomizedRecursivelyOnly() {
+    return customized_fields_.empty() && always_set_oneofs_.empty() &&
+           uncustomizable_oneofs_.empty() && unset_oneof_fields_.empty();
+  }
+
   PrototypePtr<Message> prototype_;
   bool use_lazy_initialization_;