From ac5c414719e364cda4768c324135c5ad0dfbe565 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Hofstaedtler Date: Wed, 11 Dec 2024 03:47:22 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] faq: tidy up formatting --- content/faq/_index.md | 230 +++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 103 insertions(+), 127 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/faq/_index.md b/content/faq/_index.md index 2c40663..705039a 100644 --- a/content/faq/_index.md +++ b/content/faq/_index.md @@ -1,10 +1,9 @@ +++ title = 'FAQ for grml' +icon = 'clanbomber' +++ -* - -Up2date: applies to Grml version {{< param current_release.version >}} +**Up2date:** applies to Grml version {{< param current_release.version >}} Index: @@ -75,28 +74,26 @@ flavour.

What is the difference between grml-full and grml-small?

-

grml-small provides a reduced set of available software compared to -grml-full. It provides the same Linux kernel image as grml-full and is -fully binary compatible. Choose the grml-small flavour if size - for -whatever reason - really matters to you.

+grml-small provides a reduced set of available software compared to grml-full. +It provides the same Linux kernel image as grml-full and is fully binary compatible. +Choose the grml-small flavour if size - for whatever reason - really matters to you.

Where do I get Grml?

-

Grml is open source, you can download it from the mirrors -listed at grml.org/download/.

+Grml is open source, you can download it from the mirrors listed at [grml.org/download/](/download/).

What does Grml mean?

-

Grml comes close to 'argl' or 'grrr' in English. People use -this when they want to express their dissatisfaction with -software (amongst other things).

+Grml comes close to "argl" or "grrr" in English. +People use this when they want to express their dissatisfaction with software (amongst other things).

What about the release name?

{{< require_release_update "2024.02" >}} -

Codename of Grml 2024.02 is "Glumpad". -This is an austrian word for odds and ends, bits and pieces, useless stuff. -Related words in Austrian are "Klumpert" and "Krimskrams", though the 'glum' and 'pad' might make the pronunciation more interesting.

+Codename of Grml 2024.02 is "Glumpad". + +This is an Austrian word for odds and ends, bits and pieces, useless stuff. +Related words in Austrian are "Klumpert" and "Krimskrams", though the "glum" and "pad" might make the pronunciation more interesting.

Requirements for running Grml

@@ -115,37 +112,34 @@ out grml-terminalserver)

What does accessibility at Grml mean?

-

The Grml kernel includes support for speakup. For software, -brltty and espeakup are included.

+The Grml kernel includes support for speakup. +For software, brltty and espeakup are included.

Which boot options does Grml support?

-

Check out the grml-cheatcodes -file (also available via grml.org/cheatcodes/). Of -course the command-line parameters -of the Linux kernel applies to Grml as well.

+Check out the [grml-cheatcodes file](https://git.grml.org/f/grml-live/templates/GRML/grml-cheatcodes.txt) (also available via [grml.org/cheatcodes/](/cheatcodes/)). + +Of course [the command-line parameters](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html) of the Linux kernel applies to Grml as well.

Why is Grml using systemd?

-

The switch from file-rc to systemd happened for various reasons. +The switch from file-rc to systemd happened for various reasons. Grml used file-rc for many years, mainly because it provided a better -way to control startup behavior via its /etc/runlevel.conf configuration +way to control startup behavior via its `/etc/runlevel.conf` configuration than with using sysvinit. Though for us Grml developers this also meant that whenever there have been any changes in Debian's startup -configuration we had to compare our /etc/runlevel.conf setup with what a +configuration we had to compare our `/etc/runlevel.conf` setup with what a normal Debian system would give us. Users who wanted to remaster Grml with a custom startup procedure as well had to practically fork -maintenance of the /etc/runlevel.conf file. This didn't only mean +maintenance of the `/etc/runlevel.conf` file. This didn't only mean tracking new features/services, but also solve any possible issues around it - duplicating efforts and wasting developers time unnecessarily. Lately we also started to see problems that no one else seemed to have (or cared about enough), for example with multiple network -cards we ran into race-conditions with resolvconf. Problems like that -turned out to be release stoppers for us.

+cards we ran into race-conditions with `resolvconf`. Problems like that +turned out to be release stoppers for us. -

systemd on the other hand provides great documentation, service +systemd on the other hand provides great documentation, service supervision, takes care of parallel service startup and is the default init system on most Linux distributions nowadays. This means more users, better testing and integration. Logging, startup time investigation (to @@ -155,31 +149,31 @@ certain conditions. bootlogd was unreliable (while `journalctl -b` is available out-of-the-box with systemd), bootchart was not nicely integrated (while systemd-analyze blame/critical-chain works out-of-the-box) and we aren't aware of any equivalence for e.g. -`systemctl --failed`.

+`systemctl --failed`. -

It also turned out that it gives users who want to remaster Grml (or -build their very own ISOs from scratch using grml-live) more flexibility +It also turned out that it gives users who want to remaster Grml (or +build their very own ISOs from scratch using `grml-live`) more flexibility and control -over the startup process. systemd's override.conf mechanism and preset +over the startup process. systemd's `override.conf` mechanism and preset feature provides the flexibility to overwrite unwanted behavior, without -losing the option to use existing defaults.

+losing the option to use existing defaults. -

We think it's good that systemd is actively -maintained and receives attention. The sysvinit/file-rc ecosystem was +We think it's good that systemd is actively +maintained and receives attention. The `sysvinit`/`file-rc` ecosystem was stagnating/non-existent for too many years. Grml used its own initrd implementation in its very beginnings, until a more broadly available -initramfs-tools / live-boot solution appeared, broadening the user base, +`initramfs-tools` / `live-boot` solution appeared, broadening the user base, sharing goals amongst different (live) distributions. Back in the days Grml - like many other live distributions - had to implement hardware recognition on its own. While udev received lots of complaints back then, its integration actually solved all the hardware recognition problems for the good. systemd's vision of stateless systems is -something which helps building live systems like Grml.

+something which helps building live systems like Grml. -

While we don't claim that systemd is perfect and doesn't have its +While we don't claim that systemd is perfect and doesn't have its issues and drawbacks (like any software), we're happy about its existence and more than happy about development and support by Debian's -systemd folks.

+systemd folks. @@ -213,30 +207,28 @@ feature.

What are the passwords of users on Grml?

-

There are no default passwords - all accounts are locked by -default for security reasons. Even local logins are not -possible (unless you set a password or create new user -accounts as root). You can create valid passwords using "sudo -passwd [username]" from the shell individually. -With the boot option 'ssh' a password for the -users 'root' and 'grml' is and SSH login is enabled.

+There are no default passwords - all accounts are locked by default for security reasons. +Even local logins are not possible (unless you set a password or create new user accounts as root). +You can create valid passwords using `sudo passwd [username]` from the shell individually. + +With the [boot option](#bootoptions) `ssh` a password for the users `root` and `grml` is generated and SSH login is enabled.

How do I find out the version of Grml

-

Run 'grml-version' or use the following command:

+Run `grml-version` or use the following command: 
-$ cat /etc/grml_version
+$ cat /etc/grml_version +

How do I change the language/keyboard layout?

-

The default language of the Grml system is English (en_US.UTF-8). +The default language of the Grml system is English (`en_US.UTF-8`). All other locales are removed by default. -But it is possible to change the keyboard layout via either using 'grml-quickconfig', -the boot option(s) 'lang', 'keyboard' and 'xkeyboard' -or via executing grml-lang when Grml is already running.

-

Boot option examples:

+But it is possible to change the keyboard layout via either using `grml-quickconfig`, the [boot option(s)](#bootoptions) `lang`, `keyboard` and `xkeyboard` or via executing grml-lang when Grml is already running. + +Boot option examples: 
 grml lang=de      # enter this at the bootprompt and you will get
@@ -247,88 +239,79 @@ grml keyboard=de xkeyboard=de lang=at # enter this at the bootprompt
                   # language variables
-

'grml-lang' example:

+`grml-lang` example: 
 % grml-lang de    # enter this in the shell to switch keyboard layout
-

Note: Run 'grml-setlang' to get a dialog based frontend for '/etc/default/locale'.

+Note: Run `grml-setlang` to get a dialog based frontend for `/etc/default/locale`.

Which window managers can I use?

-

Starting with the 2011.12 release Grml provides Fluxbox as window manager.

+Starting with the 2011.12 release Grml provides [Fluxbox](http://www.fluxbox.org/) as window manager.

Where are my LVM devices?

-

LVM (Logival Volumes) is not started by default to -avoid any possible damage to your data. To activate present LVM -devices execute (replace "$name" with the name of the PV):

+LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is **not** started by default to avoid any possible damage to your data. + +To activate present LVM devices execute (replace "$name" with the name of the PV): 
 # Start lvm2-pvscan@$name
-

or if you don't know its name and to enable all present ones, use:

+or if you don't know its name and to enable all present ones, use: 
 # vgchange -ay
-

If you want to enable LVM by default just boot using the 'lvm' -boot option which automatically enables LVM.

+If you want to enable LVM by default just boot using the `lvm` [boot option](#bootoptions) which automatically enables LVM.

Where are my Software-RAID devices?

-

Software-RAID (usually known as the mdadm stuff) is -not started by default to avoid any possible damage to -your data. To get access to present SW-RAID devices just execute:

+Software-RAID (usually known as the mdadm stuff) is **not** started by default to avoid any possible damage to your data. + +To get access to present SW-RAID devices execute: 
 # mdadm --asssemble --scan
-

If you want to enable SW-RAID by default just boot using -the 'swraid' boot option which enables automatic assembling of -software raid arrays.

+If you want to enable SW-RAID by default just boot using the `swraid` [boot option](#bootoptions) which enables automatic assembling of software raid arrays.

Which ways exist to boot Grml?

-

Of course running from CD/DVD is a common way to boot -Grml. But Grml provides many more ways to boot:

+Of course running from CD/DVD is a common way to boot Grml. +But Grml provides many more ways to boot: It is possible to boot Grml via USB (e.g. USB stick or harddisk), firewire, or running from a Compact Flash disk. It works out of the box; you don't need to modify anything. Check out [the entry on USB boot](#usbboot) for more details. -

Your computer can not boot from CD-ROM but provides a -floppy disk? Take a look -at btmgr, ubcd4win -or sbm. They -provide support for booting from CD-ROM via a special floppy -disk.

- -

grml-terminalserver makes it possible to boot your system -via network -using PXE -(Preboot Execution Environment). If your network card does not -provide support for booting via PXE you can still boot it -either using the provided grub image by grml-terminalserver -(for example via floppy drive) or -using gPXE. -For more information, refer to -the grml-terminalserver -webpage.

- -

How do I configure -timezone on my Grml system?

- -

Availabe boot options:

+Your computer can not boot from CD-ROM but provides a floppy disk? +Take a look at [btmgr](http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/), +[ubcd4win](http://ubcd4win.com/faq.htm#floppy) +or [sbm](http://linux.simple.be/tools/sbm). +They provide support for booting from CD-ROM via a special floppy disk. + +grml-terminalserver makes it possible to boot your system via network +using [PXE](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment) +(Preboot Execution Environment). +If your network card does not provide support for booting via PXE you can +still boot it either using the provided grub image by grml-terminalserver +(for example via floppy drive) or using [gPXE](http://etherboot.org/wiki/). + +For more information, refer to the [grml-terminalserver webpage](/terminalserver/). + +

How do I configure timezone on my Grml system?

+ +Availabe boot options: 
 grml utc          # set UTC, if your system/hardware clock is set to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)
@@ -336,56 +319,49 @@ grml localtime    # Hardware Clock is set to local time (LOCAL), this is the def
 grml tz=$option   # set timezone to corresponding $option, usage example: tz=Europe/Vienna, defaults to UTC if unset
-

Further information: manpages hwclock(8), tzselect(1) and tzconfig(8); Debian -GNU/Linux System Administrator's Manual Chapter 16 - Time and TimeZoneChanges in the -Debian-Wiki.

+Further information: manpages hwclock(8), tzselect(1) and tzconfig(8); +[Debian GNU/Linux System Administrator's Manual Chapter 16 - Time](http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/system-administrator/ch-sysadmin-time.html) +and +[TimeZoneChanges in the Debian-Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/TimeZoneChanges).

Is it possible to install Grml to harddisk?

-

No. If you want to get a Debian system take a look at grml-debootstrap (or use the Debian Installer instead).

+No. +If you want to install a Debian system take a look at [grml-debootstrap](/grml-debootstrap/) +(or use the [Debian Installer](https://www.debian.org/) instead).

Software

Which package(s) and which version is available?

-

If you want to get details about the provided packages and the -package versions without booting the Grml ISO check out the dpkg_... -files in the Debian-Information section on -grml.org/files/.

+If you want to get details about the provided packages and the +package versions without booting the Grml ISO check out the `dpkg_...` +files in the [Debian-Information section on grml.org/files/](/files/#debian).

Why is Zsh the default shell?

-

Short answer: because Zsh rocks, really!

+Short answer: because [Zsh rocks](/zsh/), really! -

Long(er) answer: If you don't know Zsh take a look the Grml Zsh reference card.

+Long(er) answer: If you don't know Zsh take a look the [Grml Zsh reference card](/zsh/). -

If you are a Bash user and don't know Zsh yet, don't be -afraid. Bash is largely a subset of Zsh and you don't have to -throw away your knowledge about shell stuff.

+If you are a Bash user and don't know Zsh yet, don't be afraid. +Bash is largely a subset of Zsh and you don't have to throw away your knowledge about shell stuff.

Support / Unanswered stuff

Further questions

-

Do you have a question which is not answered in the FAQ or -in the provided documentation (execute -"grml-info" on your Grml system for offline -documentation)? Also check out 'grml-tips $KEYWORD' on your -Grml system. Take a look at -the Grml website and the - grml-wiki. A good place to become part of the community is the Grml mailinglist.

+Do you have a question which is not answered in the FAQ or in the provided +[documentation](/docs/) (execute `grml-info` on your Grml system for offline +documentation)? Also check out `grml-tips $KEYWORD` on your Grml system. + +Take a look at both our website and the [wiki](https://github.com/grml/grml/wiki). +A good place to become part of the community is the [Grml mailinglist](/mailinglist/).

Commercial Support

-

You want to deploy Grml in your data center, use it as part of your -business or have an emergency case? You're happy with Grml but would -like to get your very own live system (providing your favourite software -selection, special configuration, setup and a custom bootsplash)? -Please get in touch with us.

+You want to deploy Grml in your data center, use it as part of your business or have an emergency case? +You're happy with Grml but would like to get your very own live system (providing your favourite software selection, special configuration, setup and a custom bootsplash)? + +Please get in [touch with us](/contact/).