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WiFiAP.md

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Raspberry Pi as Wi-Fi Access Point

Important: Do this last, because installing stuff via reverse proxy can be a bit of a pain!

The following instructions were updated Dec 2023 based on the current official RPi documentation on the topic and tested on the new Bookworm-based Raspberry Pi OS Lite.

  • Assuming you're using ufw:

    sudo ufw allow DNS
sudo ufw allow from any port 68 to any port 67 proto udp comment DHCP

  • To set up and enable the WiFi AP, do the following. (Note: if you're currently connected to the RPi via WiFi, the first command will immediately start up the AP and kill your connection.)

    sudo nmcli device wifi hotspot con-name Hotspot ssid <SSID> password <Password>
sudo nmcli connection modify Hotspot ipv4.addresses 192.168.42.1/24 \
    autoconnect TRUE connection.autoconnect-priority 1
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

  • If you keep the WiFi client connection you had previously, and you want to switch back to that:

    sudo nmcli connection modify Hotspot autoconnect FALSE connection.autoconnect-priority 0
sudo nmcli connection down Hotspot

    If you don't want to keep the client connection, then you can simply delete it, and the above autoconnect-priority settings are not needed.

  • Tips:

    • Short device and connection list: nmcli device and nmcli connection (can also be abbreviated nmcli d and nmcli c); details via nmcli c show <con-name>
    • Documentation on NetworkManager settings: man nm-settings and https://networkmanager.dev/docs/man-pages/
    • sudo nmtui is a curses-based NetworkManager configuration tool that can do (almost) all of the above (it apparently doesn't support changing the autoconnect settings).

Previous Manual Instructions

Unmaintained: Assuming the above nmcli method continues to work well for me, I will eventually delete this section.

  • Initial steps

    sudo apt-get install hostapd dnsmasq
sudo systemctl stop dnsmasq
sudo systemctl stop hostapd
sudo cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.orig
sudo ufw allow DNS
sudo ufw allow from any port 68 to any port 67 proto udp comment DHCP

  • sudo vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf and add the lines:

    interface wlan0
static ip_address=192.168.42.1/24
static domain_name_servers=192.168.42.1
nohook wpa_supplicant

  • sudo vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf and add the lines:

    interface=wlan0
domain-needed
bogus-priv
dhcp-range=192.168.42.100,192.168.42.150
domain=internal
address=/YOURHOSTNAME.internal/192.168.42.1

  • sudo vi /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf and create or replace contents with:

    interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=YOUR_SSID_HERE
hw_mode=g
country_code=DE
channel=5
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=YOUR_PASSPHRASE_HERE
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

  • sudo vi /etc/default/hostapd and set DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

  • Start things up:

    sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo reboot

  • To disable temporarily:

    • sudo systemctl disable hostapd
    • sudo vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf and comment out the lines added above
    • sudo reboot

Access Point + Client

TODO I tried the following, but this caused connection instability. I need to investigate further.

First do:

    echo 'KERNEL=="wlan0", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/usr/sbin/iw dev %k interface add uap0 type __ap"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/90-wlan.rules

And then use uap0 instead of wlan0 in the instructions above.

Author, Copyright, and License

Copyright (c) 2018-2023 Hauke Dämpfling haukex@zero-g.net at the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany, https://www.igb-berlin.de/

This project is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This project is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this project. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.