From 94f67584c8161cb6eeaa30976f61ce430c561847 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zscoder <zisong.yeoh@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2016 16:35:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Added Tree Class

---
 Data Structures Class Template.cpp | 277 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 276 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Data Structures Class Template.cpp b/Data Structures Class Template.cpp
index d322a24..1c37b0b 100644
--- a/Data Structures Class Template.cpp	
+++ b/Data Structures Class Template.cpp	
@@ -1083,6 +1083,11 @@ struct Graph
 		adj[v].pb(tmp);
 	}
 	
+	void reset()
+	{
+		adj.clear();
+	}
+	
 	vi dist;
 	vi par;
 	
@@ -1256,14 +1261,284 @@ struct Graph
 //End Graph
 
 //Tree
+struct Tree
+{
+	struct data
+	{
+		ll w;
+	};
+	
+	struct node
+	{
+		int p; //parent
+		ll w; //modify for different problems
+	};
+	
+	struct edge
+	{
+		int v; data dat;
+	};
+	
+	vector<vector<edge> > adj;
+	int n;
+	
+	Tree(int _n)
+	{
+		adj.resize(_n);
+		n = _n;
+	}
+	
+	vi level;
+	vi depth;
+	vi h;
+	vi euler;
+	vi firstocc;
+	vector<vi> rmqtable;
+	vi subsize;
+	vi start; vi en;
+	vector<vector<node> > st;
+	
+	void addedge(int u, int v)
+	{
+		edge tmp; tmp.v = v;
+		adj[u].pb(tmp);
+		tmp.v = u;
+		adj[v].pb(tmp);
+	}
+	
+	void reset(int _n)
+	{
+		adj.clear();
+		level.clear();
+		depth.clear();
+		euler.clear();
+		rmqtable.clear();
+		subsize.clear();
+		start.clear();
+		en.clear();
+		st.clear();
+		firstocc.clear();
+		adj.resize(_n);
+		n = _n;
+	}
+	
+	void dfssub(int u, int p)
+	{
+		subsize[u] = 1;
+		for(int i = 0; i < adj[u].size(); i++)
+		{
+			int v = adj[u][i].v;
+			if(v == p) continue;
+			dfssub(v, u);
+			subsize[v] += subsize[u];
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void calcsub()
+	{
+		subsize.resize(n);
+		dfssub(0, -1);
+	}
+	
+	int timer;
+	
+	void dfsstartend(int u, int p)
+	{
+		start[u] = ++timer;
+		if(p == -1) h[u] = 0;
+		else h[u] = h[p] + 1;
+		for(int i = 0; i < adj[u].size(); i++)
+		{
+			int v = adj[u][i].v;
+			dfsstartend(v, u);
+		}
+		en[u] = ++timer;
+	}
+	
+	void calcstartend()
+	{
+		timer = 0;
+		start.resize(n); en.resize(n); h.resize(n);
+		dfsstartend(0, -1);
+	}
+	
+	int eulercnt;
+	
+	void dfseuler(int u, int p)
+	{
+		euler[eulercnt] = u; eulercnt++;
+		if(p == -1) {depth[u] = 0;}
+		else {depth[u] = depth[p] + 1;}
+		firstocc[u] = eulercnt-1;
+		for(int i = 0; i < adj[u].size(); i++)
+		{
+			int v = adj[u][i].v;
+			if(v == p) continue ;
+			dfseuler(v, u);
+			euler[eulercnt] = u; eulercnt++;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void calceuler()
+	{
+		eulercnt = 0;
+		level.assign(2*n, 0);
+		euler.assign(2*n, 0);
+		depth.assign(n, 0);
+		firstocc.resize(n);
+		dfseuler(0, -1);
+	}
 
+	void filllevel()
+	{
+		int LG = 0;
+		while((1<<LG) <= n*2) LG++;
+		rmqtable.resize(LG);
+		for(int i = 0; i < LG; i++) rmqtable[i].resize(eulercnt);
+		for(int i = 0; i < eulercnt; i++)
+		{
+			level[i] = depth[euler[i]];
+		}
+		level[eulercnt] = 1000000000;
+		for(int j = 0; j < LG; j++)
+		{
+			for(int i = 0; i < eulercnt; i++)
+			{
+				rmqtable[i][j] = eulercnt;
+				if(i + (1<<j) - 1 < eulercnt)
+				{
+					if(j == 0)
+					{
+						rmqtable[i][j] = i;
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						if(level[rmqtable[i][j - 1]] < level[rmqtable[i + (1<<(j-1))][j - 1]])
+						{
+							rmqtable[i][j] = rmqtable[i][j-1];
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							rmqtable[i][j] = rmqtable[i + (1<<(j-1))][j - 1];
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	int rmq(int l, int r)
+	{
+		int k = 31 - __builtin_clz(r-l);
+		//cout << l << ' ' << r << ' ' << rmqtable[l][k] << ' ' << rmqtable[r - (1<<k) + 1][k] << endl;
+		if(level[rmqtable[l][k]] < level[rmqtable[r - (1<<k) + 1][k]])
+		{
+			return rmqtable[l][k];
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return rmqtable[r - (1<<k) + 1][k];
+		}
+	}
+
+	int lcaeuler(int u, int v)
+	{
+		if(firstocc[u] > firstocc[v]) swap(u, v);
+		//cout << firstocc[u] << ' ' << firstocc[v] << ' ' << rmq(firstocc[u], firstocc[v]) << ' ' << euler[rmq(firstocc[u], firstocc[v])] << endl;
+		return euler[rmq(firstocc[u], firstocc[v])];
+	}
+	
+	bool insub(int u, int v) //is u in the subtree of v?
+	{
+		if(start[v] <= start[u] && en[u] <= en[v]) return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	void dfspar(int u, int p)
+	{
+		//cerr << u << ' ' << p << '\n';
+		st[0][u].p = p;
+		if(p == -1) h[u] = 0;
+		else h[u] = h[p] + 1;
+		for(int i = 0; i < adj[u].size(); i++)
+		{
+			int v = adj[u][i].v;
+			if(v == p) continue;
+			dfspar(v, u);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	int LOG;
+	
+	void calcpar()
+	{
+		h.resize(n);
+		int LG = 0; LOG = 0;
+		while((1<<LG) <= n) {LG++; LOG++;}
+		st.resize(LG);
+		for(int i = 0; i < LG; i++)
+		{
+			st[i].resize(n);
+		}
+		dfspar(0, -1);
+		//cerr << "HER" << ' ' << LG << endl;
+		for(int i = 1; i < LG; i++)
+		{
+			for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
+			{
+				if(st[i-1][j].p == -1) st[i][j].p = -1;
+				else st[i][j].p = st[i-1][st[i-1][j].p].p;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	int getpar(int u, ll k)
+	{
+		for(int i = LOG - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		{
+			if(k&(1<<i))
+			{
+				u = st[i][u].p;
+			}
+		}
+		return u;
+	}
+	
+	int lca(int u, int v)
+	{
+		if(h[u] > h[v]) swap(u, v);
+		for(int i = LOG - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		{
+			if(st[i][v].p != -1 && h[st[i][v].p] >= h[u])
+			{
+				v = st[i][v].p;
+			}
+		}
+		if(u == v) return u;
+		for(int i = LOG - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		{
+			if(st[i][v].p != -1 && st[i][v].p != st[i][u].p)
+			{
+				u = st[i][u].p;
+				v = st[i][v].p;
+			}
+		}
+		return st[0][u].p;
+	}
+
+	int distance(int u, int v)
+	{
+		int lc = lca(u, v);
+		return (h[u]+h[v]-2*h[lc]);
+	}
+};
 //End Tree
 
 /* TO-DO LIST :
 1. SQRT DECOMP (MO)
 2. SQRT DECOMP (REAL)
 3. TREE (LCA, HLD)
-12. OTHER STRING STRUCTS SUCH AS PALINDROMIC TREE
+12. OTHER STRING STRUCTS SUCH AS PALINDROMIC TREE, MANACHAR, Z?
 14. FFT
 15. Karatsuba
 16. Other Flow Algo