diff --git a/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.go b/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.go
index 2d2ee11..9453446 100644
--- a/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.go
+++ b/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.go
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ var (
 
 // CounterMetaData contains all meta data concerning the Counter contract.
 var CounterMetaData = &bind.MetaData{
-	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"payable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"oldCount\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"newCount\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"increased\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"count\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"n\",\"type\":\"uint64\"}],\"name\":\"get_blockhash\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"callback_id\",\"type\":\"uint64\"},{\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"success\",\"type\":\"bool\"}],\"name\":\"ibc_ack\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"callback_id\",\"type\":\"uint64\"}],\"name\":\"ibc_timeout\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"increase\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"payable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"path\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"req\",\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"query_cosmos\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"result\",\"type\":\"string\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
-	Bin: "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",
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"payable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"length\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"StringsInsufficientHexLength\",\"type\":\"error\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"oldCount\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"newCount\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"increased\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"count\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"n\",\"type\":\"uint64\"}],\"name\":\"get_blockhash\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"callback_id\",\"type\":\"uint64\"},{\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"success\",\"type\":\"bool\"}],\"name\":\"ibc_ack\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"callback_id\",\"type\":\"uint64\"}],\"name\":\"ibc_timeout\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"increase\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"payable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"path\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"req\",\"type\":\"string\"}],\"name\":\"query_cosmos\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"result\",\"type\":\"string\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"n\",\"type\":\"uint64\"}],\"name\":\"recursive\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	Bin: 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 }
 
 // CounterABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
@@ -348,6 +348,27 @@ func (_Counter *CounterTransactorSession) QueryCosmos(path string, req string) (
 	return _Counter.Contract.QueryCosmos(&_Counter.TransactOpts, path, req)
 }
 
+// Recursive is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x61936895.
+//
+// Solidity: function recursive(uint64 n) returns()
+func (_Counter *CounterTransactor) Recursive(opts *bind.TransactOpts, n uint64) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _Counter.contract.Transact(opts, "recursive", n)
+}
+
+// Recursive is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x61936895.
+//
+// Solidity: function recursive(uint64 n) returns()
+func (_Counter *CounterSession) Recursive(n uint64) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _Counter.Contract.Recursive(&_Counter.TransactOpts, n)
+}
+
+// Recursive is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x61936895.
+//
+// Solidity: function recursive(uint64 n) returns()
+func (_Counter *CounterTransactorSession) Recursive(n uint64) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _Counter.Contract.Recursive(&_Counter.TransactOpts, n)
+}
+
 // CounterIncreasedIterator is returned from FilterIncreased and is used to iterate over the raw logs and unpacked data for Increased events raised by the Counter contract.
 type CounterIncreasedIterator struct {
 	Event *CounterIncreased // Event containing the contract specifics and raw log
diff --git a/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.sol b/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.sol
index ea94720..0eeedd1 100644
--- a/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.sol
+++ b/x/evm/contracts/counter/Counter.sol
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
 
 import "../i_ibc_async_callback/IIBCAsyncCallback.sol";
 import "../i_cosmos/ICosmos.sol";
+import "../strings/Strings.sol";
 
 contract Counter is IIBCAsyncCallback {
     uint256 public count;
@@ -39,4 +40,36 @@ contract Counter is IIBCAsyncCallback {
     function get_blockhash(uint64 n) external view returns (bytes32) {
         return blockhash(n);
     }
+
+    function recursive(uint64 n) public {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        COSMOS_CONTRACT.execute_cosmos(_recursive(n));
+
+        // to test branching
+        COSMOS_CONTRACT.execute_cosmos(_recursive(n));
+    }
+
+    function _recursive(uint64 n) internal returns (string memory message) {
+        message = string(
+            abi.encodePacked(
+                '{"@type": "/minievm.evm.v1.MsgCall",',
+                '"sender": "',
+                COSMOS_CONTRACT.to_cosmos_address(address(this)),
+                '",',
+                '"contract_addr": "',
+                Strings.toHexString(address(this)),
+                '",',
+                '"input": "',
+                Strings.toHexString(
+                    abi.encodePacked(this.recursive.selector, abi.encode(n - 1))
+                ),
+                '",',
+                '"value": "0",',
+                '"access_list": []}'
+            )
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.go b/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.go
index 9e46d02..51e4bc9 100644
--- a/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.go
+++ b/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ var (
 // Erc20WrapperMetaData contains all meta data concerning the Erc20Wrapper contract.
 var Erc20WrapperMetaData = &bind.MetaData{
 	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"erc20Factory\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"length\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"StringsInsufficientHexLength\",\"type\":\"error\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"erc20\",\"type\":\"address\"},{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"owner\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"name\":\"ERC20Created\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"previousOwner\",\"type\":\"address\"},{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"newOwner\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"name\":\"OwnershipTransferred\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"symbol\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint8\",\"name\":\"decimals\",\"type\":\"uint8\"}],\"name\":\"createERC20\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"factory\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"contractERC20Factory\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"callback_id\",\"type\":\"uint64\"},{\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"success\",\"type\":\"bool\"}],\"name\":\"ibc_ack\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"callback_id\",\"type\":\"uint64\"}],\"name\":\"ibc_timeout\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"name\":\"originTokens\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"owner\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"bytes4\",\"name\":\"interfaceId\",\"type\":\"bytes4\"}],\"name\":\"supportsInterface\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"newOwner\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"name\":\"transferOwnership\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"wrappedTokenDenom\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"receiver\",\"type\":\"address\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"wrappedAmt\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"unwrap\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"channel\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"token\",\"type\":\"address\"},{\"internalType\":\"string\",\"name\":\"receiver\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"amount\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"timeout\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"wrap\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"name\":\"wrappedTokens\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
-	Bin: 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 }
 
 // Erc20WrapperABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
diff --git a/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.sol b/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.sol
index 6b8c9b7..f4f79f0 100644
--- a/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.sol
+++ b/x/evm/contracts/erc20_wrapper/ERC20Wrapper.sol
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
 
-import "../util/Strings.sol";
+import "../strings/Strings.sol";
 import "../i_cosmos/ICosmos.sol";
 import "../erc20_factory/ERC20Factory.sol";
 import "../i_erc20/IERC20.sol";
diff --git a/x/evm/contracts/strings/Strings.go b/x/evm/contracts/strings/Strings.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8a864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/evm/contracts/strings/Strings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Code generated - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package strings
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
+
+	ethereum "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = errors.New
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = strings.NewReader
+	_ = ethereum.NotFound
+	_ = bind.Bind
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = event.NewSubscription
+	_ = abi.ConvertType
+)
+
+// StringsMetaData contains all meta data concerning the Strings contract.
+var StringsMetaData = &bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"length\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"StringsInsufficientHexLength\",\"type\":\"error\"}]",
+	Bin: "0x6055604b600b8282823980515f1a607314603f577f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f525f60045260245ffd5b305f52607381538281f3fe730000000000000000000000000000000000000000301460806040525f80fdfea2646970667358221220435189e60bca7f1d36c26a4ebe73537def258e153b95e8cee658620453c34e6364736f6c63430008190033",
+}
+
+// StringsABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
+// Deprecated: Use StringsMetaData.ABI instead.
+var StringsABI = StringsMetaData.ABI
+
+// StringsBin is the compiled bytecode used for deploying new contracts.
+// Deprecated: Use StringsMetaData.Bin instead.
+var StringsBin = StringsMetaData.Bin
+
+// DeployStrings deploys a new Ethereum contract, binding an instance of Strings to it.
+func DeployStrings(auth *bind.TransactOpts, backend bind.ContractBackend) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *Strings, error) {
+	parsed, err := StringsMetaData.GetAbi()
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if parsed == nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, errors.New("GetABI returned nil")
+	}
+
+	address, tx, contract, err := bind.DeployContract(auth, *parsed, common.FromHex(StringsBin), backend)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return address, tx, &Strings{StringsCaller: StringsCaller{contract: contract}, StringsTransactor: StringsTransactor{contract: contract}, StringsFilterer: StringsFilterer{contract: contract}}, nil
+}
+
+// Strings is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type Strings struct {
+	StringsCaller     // Read-only binding to the contract
+	StringsTransactor // Write-only binding to the contract
+	StringsFilterer   // Log filterer for contract events
+}
+
+// StringsCaller is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type StringsCaller struct {
+	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+}
+
+// StringsTransactor is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type StringsTransactor struct {
+	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+}
+
+// StringsFilterer is an auto generated log filtering Go binding around an Ethereum contract events.
+type StringsFilterer struct {
+	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+}
+
+// StringsSession is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+// with pre-set call and transact options.
+type StringsSession struct {
+	Contract     *Strings          // Generic contract binding to set the session for
+	CallOpts     bind.CallOpts     // Call options to use throughout this session
+	TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
+}
+
+// StringsCallerSession is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+// with pre-set call options.
+type StringsCallerSession struct {
+	Contract *StringsCaller // Generic contract caller binding to set the session for
+	CallOpts bind.CallOpts  // Call options to use throughout this session
+}
+
+// StringsTransactorSession is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+// with pre-set transact options.
+type StringsTransactorSession struct {
+	Contract     *StringsTransactor // Generic contract transactor binding to set the session for
+	TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts  // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
+}
+
+// StringsRaw is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type StringsRaw struct {
+	Contract *Strings // Generic contract binding to access the raw methods on
+}
+
+// StringsCallerRaw is an auto generated low-level read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type StringsCallerRaw struct {
+	Contract *StringsCaller // Generic read-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
+}
+
+// StringsTransactorRaw is an auto generated low-level write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type StringsTransactorRaw struct {
+	Contract *StringsTransactor // Generic write-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
+}
+
+// NewStrings creates a new instance of Strings, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewStrings(address common.Address, backend bind.ContractBackend) (*Strings, error) {
+	contract, err := bindStrings(address, backend, backend, backend)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Strings{StringsCaller: StringsCaller{contract: contract}, StringsTransactor: StringsTransactor{contract: contract}, StringsFilterer: StringsFilterer{contract: contract}}, nil
+}
+
+// NewStringsCaller creates a new read-only instance of Strings, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewStringsCaller(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller) (*StringsCaller, error) {
+	contract, err := bindStrings(address, caller, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &StringsCaller{contract: contract}, nil
+}
+
+// NewStringsTransactor creates a new write-only instance of Strings, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewStringsTransactor(address common.Address, transactor bind.ContractTransactor) (*StringsTransactor, error) {
+	contract, err := bindStrings(address, nil, transactor, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &StringsTransactor{contract: contract}, nil
+}
+
+// NewStringsFilterer creates a new log filterer instance of Strings, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewStringsFilterer(address common.Address, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*StringsFilterer, error) {
+	contract, err := bindStrings(address, nil, nil, filterer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &StringsFilterer{contract: contract}, nil
+}
+
+// bindStrings binds a generic wrapper to an already deployed contract.
+func bindStrings(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller, transactor bind.ContractTransactor, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*bind.BoundContract, error) {
+	parsed, err := StringsMetaData.GetAbi()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(address, *parsed, caller, transactor, filterer), nil
+}
+
+// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
+// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
+// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
+// returns.
+func (_Strings *StringsRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
+	return _Strings.Contract.StringsCaller.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
+}
+
+// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
+// its default method if one is available.
+func (_Strings *StringsRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _Strings.Contract.StringsTransactor.contract.Transfer(opts)
+}
+
+// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
+func (_Strings *StringsRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _Strings.Contract.StringsTransactor.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
+}
+
+// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
+// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
+// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
+// returns.
+func (_Strings *StringsCallerRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
+	return _Strings.Contract.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
+}
+
+// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
+// its default method if one is available.
+func (_Strings *StringsTransactorRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _Strings.Contract.contract.Transfer(opts)
+}
+
+// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
+func (_Strings *StringsTransactorRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _Strings.Contract.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
+}
diff --git a/x/evm/contracts/util/Strings.sol b/x/evm/contracts/strings/Strings.sol
similarity index 83%
rename from x/evm/contracts/util/Strings.sol
rename to x/evm/contracts/strings/Strings.sol
index 415c5a2..2884d8d 100644
--- a/x/evm/contracts/util/Strings.sol
+++ b/x/evm/contracts/strings/Strings.sol
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ library Strings {
      */
     error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);
 
+    // uint256 to hex string
     function toHexString(
         uint256 value,
         uint256 length
@@ -28,6 +29,19 @@ library Strings {
         return string(buffer);
     }
 
+    // bytes to hex string
+    function toHexString(bytes memory buffer) internal pure returns (string memory) {
+        bytes memory converted = new bytes(buffer.length * 2);
+        bytes memory _base = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+        for (uint256 i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
+            converted[i * 2] = _base[uint8(buffer[i]) / _base.length];
+            converted[i * 2 + 1] = _base[uint8(buffer[i]) % _base.length];
+        }
+
+        return string(abi.encodePacked("0x", converted));
+    }
+
     function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
         return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
     }
diff --git a/x/evm/contracts/util/Strings.go b/x/evm/contracts/util/Strings.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4424517..0000000
--- a/x/evm/contracts/util/Strings.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated - DO NOT EDIT.
-// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
-
-package util
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"math/big"
-	"strings"
-
-	ethereum "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
-)
-
-// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
-var (
-	_ = errors.New
-	_ = big.NewInt
-	_ = strings.NewReader
-	_ = ethereum.NotFound
-	_ = bind.Bind
-	_ = common.Big1
-	_ = types.BloomLookup
-	_ = event.NewSubscription
-	_ = abi.ConvertType
-)
-
-// UtilMetaData contains all meta data concerning the Util contract.
-var UtilMetaData = &bind.MetaData{
-	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"length\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"StringsInsufficientHexLength\",\"type\":\"error\"}]",
-	Bin: "0x6055604b600b8282823980515f1a607314603f577f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f525f60045260245ffd5b305f52607381538281f3fe730000000000000000000000000000000000000000301460806040525f80fdfea2646970667358221220c8a20e32684b8eb475517477c61e8fbe77e3c5335efa1a66ec78960a607261e064736f6c63430008190033",
-}
-
-// UtilABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
-// Deprecated: Use UtilMetaData.ABI instead.
-var UtilABI = UtilMetaData.ABI
-
-// UtilBin is the compiled bytecode used for deploying new contracts.
-// Deprecated: Use UtilMetaData.Bin instead.
-var UtilBin = UtilMetaData.Bin
-
-// DeployUtil deploys a new Ethereum contract, binding an instance of Util to it.
-func DeployUtil(auth *bind.TransactOpts, backend bind.ContractBackend) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *Util, error) {
-	parsed, err := UtilMetaData.GetAbi()
-	if err != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	if parsed == nil {
-		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, errors.New("GetABI returned nil")
-	}
-
-	address, tx, contract, err := bind.DeployContract(auth, *parsed, common.FromHex(UtilBin), backend)
-	if err != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	return address, tx, &Util{UtilCaller: UtilCaller{contract: contract}, UtilTransactor: UtilTransactor{contract: contract}, UtilFilterer: UtilFilterer{contract: contract}}, nil
-}
-
-// Util is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-type Util struct {
-	UtilCaller     // Read-only binding to the contract
-	UtilTransactor // Write-only binding to the contract
-	UtilFilterer   // Log filterer for contract events
-}
-
-// UtilCaller is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-type UtilCaller struct {
-	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
-}
-
-// UtilTransactor is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-type UtilTransactor struct {
-	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
-}
-
-// UtilFilterer is an auto generated log filtering Go binding around an Ethereum contract events.
-type UtilFilterer struct {
-	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
-}
-
-// UtilSession is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
-// with pre-set call and transact options.
-type UtilSession struct {
-	Contract     *Util             // Generic contract binding to set the session for
-	CallOpts     bind.CallOpts     // Call options to use throughout this session
-	TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
-}
-
-// UtilCallerSession is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
-// with pre-set call options.
-type UtilCallerSession struct {
-	Contract *UtilCaller   // Generic contract caller binding to set the session for
-	CallOpts bind.CallOpts // Call options to use throughout this session
-}
-
-// UtilTransactorSession is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
-// with pre-set transact options.
-type UtilTransactorSession struct {
-	Contract     *UtilTransactor   // Generic contract transactor binding to set the session for
-	TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
-}
-
-// UtilRaw is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-type UtilRaw struct {
-	Contract *Util // Generic contract binding to access the raw methods on
-}
-
-// UtilCallerRaw is an auto generated low-level read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-type UtilCallerRaw struct {
-	Contract *UtilCaller // Generic read-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
-}
-
-// UtilTransactorRaw is an auto generated low-level write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-type UtilTransactorRaw struct {
-	Contract *UtilTransactor // Generic write-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
-}
-
-// NewUtil creates a new instance of Util, bound to a specific deployed contract.
-func NewUtil(address common.Address, backend bind.ContractBackend) (*Util, error) {
-	contract, err := bindUtil(address, backend, backend, backend)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &Util{UtilCaller: UtilCaller{contract: contract}, UtilTransactor: UtilTransactor{contract: contract}, UtilFilterer: UtilFilterer{contract: contract}}, nil
-}
-
-// NewUtilCaller creates a new read-only instance of Util, bound to a specific deployed contract.
-func NewUtilCaller(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller) (*UtilCaller, error) {
-	contract, err := bindUtil(address, caller, nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &UtilCaller{contract: contract}, nil
-}
-
-// NewUtilTransactor creates a new write-only instance of Util, bound to a specific deployed contract.
-func NewUtilTransactor(address common.Address, transactor bind.ContractTransactor) (*UtilTransactor, error) {
-	contract, err := bindUtil(address, nil, transactor, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &UtilTransactor{contract: contract}, nil
-}
-
-// NewUtilFilterer creates a new log filterer instance of Util, bound to a specific deployed contract.
-func NewUtilFilterer(address common.Address, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*UtilFilterer, error) {
-	contract, err := bindUtil(address, nil, nil, filterer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &UtilFilterer{contract: contract}, nil
-}
-
-// bindUtil binds a generic wrapper to an already deployed contract.
-func bindUtil(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller, transactor bind.ContractTransactor, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*bind.BoundContract, error) {
-	parsed, err := UtilMetaData.GetAbi()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return bind.NewBoundContract(address, *parsed, caller, transactor, filterer), nil
-}
-
-// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
-// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
-// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
-// returns.
-func (_Util *UtilRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
-	return _Util.Contract.UtilCaller.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
-}
-
-// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
-// its default method if one is available.
-func (_Util *UtilRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-	return _Util.Contract.UtilTransactor.contract.Transfer(opts)
-}
-
-// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
-func (_Util *UtilRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-	return _Util.Contract.UtilTransactor.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
-}
-
-// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
-// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
-// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
-// returns.
-func (_Util *UtilCallerRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
-	return _Util.Contract.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
-}
-
-// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
-// its default method if one is available.
-func (_Util *UtilTransactorRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-	return _Util.Contract.contract.Transfer(opts)
-}
-
-// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
-func (_Util *UtilTransactorRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-	return _Util.Contract.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
-}
diff --git a/x/evm/keeper/common_test.go b/x/evm/keeper/common_test.go
index f9ca0da..adf2133 100644
--- a/x/evm/keeper/common_test.go
+++ b/x/evm/keeper/common_test.go
@@ -278,6 +278,9 @@ func _createTestInput(
 		},
 	)
 
+	// register evm message service to the router
+	evmtypes.RegisterMsgServer(msgRouter, evmkeeper.NewMsgServerImpl(evmKeeper))
+
 	// set erc20 keeper
 	*erc20Keeper = *evmKeeper.ERC20Keeper().(*evmkeeper.ERC20Keeper)
 	faucet := NewTestFaucet(t, ctx, bankKeeper, authtypes.Minter)
diff --git a/x/evm/keeper/context_test.go b/x/evm/keeper/context_test.go
index 6112725..1f5e3b5 100644
--- a/x/evm/keeper/context_test.go
+++ b/x/evm/keeper/context_test.go
@@ -187,3 +187,35 @@ func Test_GetHash(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, [32]byte{}, [32]byte(queryRes))
 	require.Empty(t, logs)
 }
+
+func Test_RecursiveDepth(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, input := createDefaultTestInput(t)
+	_, _, addr := keyPubAddr()
+
+	counterBz, err := hexutil.Decode(counter.CounterBin)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// deploy counter contract
+	caller := common.BytesToAddress(addr.Bytes())
+	retBz, contractAddr, _, err := input.EVMKeeper.EVMCreate(ctx, caller, counterBz, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, retBz)
+	require.Len(t, contractAddr, 20)
+
+	// call recursive function
+	parsed, err := counter.CounterMetaData.GetAbi()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	inputBz, err := parsed.Pack("recursive", uint64(types.MAX_RECURSIVE_DEPTH-1))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, err = input.EVMKeeper.EVMCall(ctx, caller, contractAddr, inputBz, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// exceed max recursive depth
+	inputBz, err = parsed.Pack("recursive", uint64(types.MAX_RECURSIVE_DEPTH))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, err = input.EVMKeeper.EVMCall(ctx, caller, contractAddr, inputBz, nil, nil)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, types.ErrExceedMaxRecursiveDepth.Error())
+}
diff --git a/x/evm/keeper/msg_server.go b/x/evm/keeper/msg_server.go
index 26dffd4..45aa5c7 100644
--- a/x/evm/keeper/msg_server.go
+++ b/x/evm/keeper/msg_server.go
@@ -187,8 +187,9 @@ func (ms *msgServerImpl) Call(ctx context.Context, msg *types.MsgCall) (*types.M
 	if overflow {
 		return nil, types.ErrInvalidValue.Wrap("value is out of range")
 	}
+	accessList := types.ConvertCosmosAccessListToEth(msg.AccessList)
 
-	retBz, logs, err := ms.EVMCall(ctx, caller, contractAddr, inputBz, value, nil)
+	retBz, logs, err := ms.EVMCall(ctx, caller, contractAddr, inputBz, value, accessList)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, types.ErrEVMCallFailed.Wrap(err.Error())
 	}
diff --git a/x/evm/types/params.go b/x/evm/types/params.go
index 9d5735a..88c30d7 100644
--- a/x/evm/types/params.go
+++ b/x/evm/types/params.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // MAX_RECURSIVE_DEPTH is the maximum depth of the x/evm call stack.
-const MAX_RECURSIVE_DEPTH = 16
+const MAX_RECURSIVE_DEPTH = 8
 
 func DefaultParams() Params {
 	return Params{