References & Background Reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt http://www.unicode.org/faq/ http://unicode.org/faq/utf_bom.html https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/man-utf-8.html https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/utf-8-history.txt https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/ http://kunststube.net/encoding/ https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-what-is-encoding https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-choosing-encodings https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_html_utf8.asp http://xmlsoft.org/encoding.html https://docs.python.org/3/howto/unicode.html https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/unicode.html