diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 69bdc048a79e..b1dbc41bd099 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 - `[matcher-utils]` Correct diff for expected asymmetric matchers ([#12264](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12264))
 - `[expect]` Add a fix for `.toHaveProperty('')` ([#12251](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12251))
 - `[jest-environment-node]` Add `atob` and `btoa` ([#12269](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12269))
+- `[jest-message-util]` Fix `.getTopFrame()` (and `toMatchInlineSnapshot()`) with `mjs` files ([#12277](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12277))
 
 ### Chore & Maintenance
 
diff --git a/packages/jest-message-util/src/__tests__/messages.test.ts b/packages/jest-message-util/src/__tests__/messages.test.ts
index cb4d7e91f959..a2ab092378c4 100644
--- a/packages/jest-message-util/src/__tests__/messages.test.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-message-util/src/__tests__/messages.test.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@
 import {readFileSync} from 'graceful-fs';
 import slash = require('slash');
 import tempy = require('tempy');
-import {formatExecError, formatResultsErrors, formatStackTrace} from '..';
+import {
+  formatExecError,
+  formatResultsErrors,
+  formatStackTrace,
+  getTopFrame,
+} from '..';
 
 const rootDir = tempy.directory();
 
@@ -365,3 +370,18 @@ describe('formatStackTrace', () => {
     expect(message).toMatchSnapshot();
   });
 });
+
+it('getTopFrame should return a path for mjs files', () => {
+  let stack: Array<string>;
+  let expectedFile: string;
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    stack = ['  at stack (file:///C:/Users/user/project/inline.mjs:1:1)'];
+    expectedFile = 'C:/Users/user/project/inline.mjs';
+  } else {
+    stack = ['  at stack (file:///Users/user/project/inline.mjs:1:1)'];
+    expectedFile = '/Users/user/project/inline.mjs';
+  }
+  const frame = getTopFrame(stack);
+
+  expect(frame.file).toBe(expectedFile);
+});
diff --git a/packages/jest-message-util/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-message-util/src/index.ts
index f02a7f0fefeb..1aa0899e5bbf 100644
--- a/packages/jest-message-util/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-message-util/src/index.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 import * as path from 'path';
+import {fileURLToPath} from 'url';
 import {codeFrameColumns} from '@babel/code-frame';
 import chalk = require('chalk');
 import * as fs from 'graceful-fs';
@@ -273,6 +274,9 @@ export const getTopFrame = (lines: Array<string>): Frame | null => {
     const parsedFrame = stackUtils.parseLine(line.trim());
 
     if (parsedFrame && parsedFrame.file) {
+      if (parsedFrame.file.startsWith('file://')) {
+        parsedFrame.file = slash(fileURLToPath(parsedFrame.file));
+      }
       return parsedFrame as Frame;
     }
   }