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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Election Security And Policy Concerns</title>
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<div class="slides">
<section class="title-slide" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
# Election Security And Policy Concerns
James P. Howard, II <<[email protected]>><br/>
2020 INFORMS—Coronavirus Edition
</textarea>
</section>
<section class="" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background-blank.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## About Me
* Data scientist at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory
* Candidate for state delegate in Maryland in 2018
* Candidate for convention delegate in 2020
* Other:
* Served as Election Judge in 2004
* Worked on numerous campaigns as volunteer
* Counted ballots in 1998
* Done this my entire life...
</textarea>
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<figure class="featured left">
<img src="img/ballot-box.jpg" />
</figure>
## Elections in America
* Extremely decentralized
* 51 different state elections
* DC is a state for this purpose
* Most devolve election authority
* Local government entities run
* Counties/cities do nuts and bolts
* Share results with state authorities
* State election authorities tabulate
* Tabulate multijurisdiction results
* Manage reporting and compliance
</textarea>
</section>
<section class="" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background-blank.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<figure class="featured right">
<img src="img/convention.jpg" />
<figcaption>A nominating convention (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Qqqqqq">Qqqqqq</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/">English Wikipedia</a>)</figcaption>
</figure>
## Presidential Elections
<div>
* Many moving parts
* The primaries
* The general
* System has grown over time
* Mostly an <emph>ad hoc</emph> collection of processes
* Almost none of this system was designed
* And the Republicans and Democrats<br/>do primaries differently...
</div>
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</section>
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<div class="featured right" width="45%">
## Republican Party
* Allocates delegates to states
* Base amounts for each state
* More for each congressional district
* Some allocations for territories and DC
* Superdelgates
* Some reserved positions for state party representatives
* And some for governors and other state elected officials
</div>
<div class="featured left" width="45%">
## Democratic Party
* Allocates delegates to states
* Proprortion of votes each state gave to Democratic candidates in three prior elections
* Also allocates some to 5 U.S. territories and Democrats abroad
* Superdelgates
* Reserved positions for major Democratic officeholders
* Governors, members of Congress, and "distinguished party leaders"
</div>
</textarea>
</section>
<section class="" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background-blank.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<figure class="featured right">
<img src="img/voting.jpg" />
</figure>
<div class="featured left" width="45%">
## More About Primaries
* These are *private* elections
* They are run by the state, but private
* You don't actually vote for the candidate
* You vote for the delegates who vote for the candidate
* Each state may differ in approach
* Elections
* Caucuses
* Scheduled whenever
</div>
</textarea>
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<textarea data-template>
<figure class="featured right">
<img src="img/vote-stickers.jpg" />
</figure>
<div class="featured left" width="45%">
## Election Day!
* You vote!
* You may vote for a candidate...
* The state tallies up all the votes
* Allocates *all* of the states Electoral votes to the candidate
* Except Nebraska and Maine...because, of course
* This is why the "loser" may win
* None of this is Federally-run
* It's all done by the states
</div>
</textarea>
</section>
<section class="" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background-blank.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<figure class="featured right">
<img src="img/congress.jpg" />
</figure>
<div class="featured left" width="45%">
## The Electoral College
* State certifies the results
* *Only* 50 states and DC
*o territories, other
* Electors get selected
* Electors cast their ballots
* Which are usually the same
* But sometimes, not
* "Faithless electors"
* And all the Electoral College votes are sent to Congress
</div>
</textarea>
</section>
<section class="" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background-blank.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<figure class="featured right">
<img src="img/mail.jpg" />
</figure>
<div class="featured left" width="45%">
## Mail-In Balloting
* We've had mail-in balloting forever
* We call it absentee voting!
* Some states already do exclusive mail-in voting:
* Five states, starting in 2000
* Other states, notably California rolling it out
* No substantive issues with security found
* Higher voter participation found, but may not vote-stick
* Voter fraud is basically non-existent
</div>
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</section>
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## What Does This Mean?
* The entire electoral system is extremely decentralized
* No local area oversees more than about 10M population
* Los Angeles County: 4.3M voters
* Mean county population is about 100,000
* Mean registered voters somewhere around 50,000
* State rules differ from state to state
* Counties have some freedom in implementing rules
* Many different standards and transfer mechanisms
* Strong diversification of methods and mechanisms
</textarea>
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## Why does this matter?
</textarea>
</section>
<section class="" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background-blank.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Hacking the election is hard!
</textarea>
</section>
<section class="closing-slide" data-background-image="img/jhuapl-background-closing.png" data-background-size="contain" data-markdown></section>
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