AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM)

Version 2016-10-31

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

The AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM) is licensed under The Apache License, Version 2.0.

Introduction

AWS SAM is a model used to define serverless applications on AWS.

Serverless applications are applications composed of functions triggered by events. A typical serverless application consists of one or more AWS Lambda functions triggered by events such as object uploads to Amazon S3, Amazon SNS notifications, and API actions. Those functions can stand alone or leverage other resources such as Amazon DynamoDB tables or S3 buckets. The most basic serverless application is simply a function.

AWS SAM is based on AWS CloudFormation. A serverless application is defined in a CloudFormation template and deployed as a CloudFormation stack. An AWS SAM template is a CloudFormation template.

AWS SAM defines a set of objects which can be included in a CloudFormation template to describe common components of serverless applications easily.

Specification

Format

The files describing a serverless application in accordance with AWS SAM are JSON or YAML formatted text files. These files are CloudFormation templates.

AWS SAM introduces several new resources and property types that can be embedded into the Resources section of the template. The templates may include all other template sections and use CloudFormation intrinsic functions to access properties available only at runtime.

In order to include objects defined by AWS SAM within a CloudFormation template, the template must include a Transform section in the document root with a value of AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31.

Resource types
Event source types
Property types
Globals Section

Example: AWS SAM template

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Transform: 'AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31'
Resources:
  MyFunction:
    Type: 'AWS::Serverless::Function'
    Properties:
      Handler: index.handler
      Runtime: nodejs6.10
      CodeUri: 's3://my-bucket/function.zip'

All property names in AWS SAM are case sensitive.

Globals Section

Globals is a section in your SAM template to define properties common to all your Serverless Function and APIs. All the AWS::Serverless::Function and AWS::Serverless::Api resources will inherit the properties defined here.

Read the Globals Guide for more detailed information.

Example:

Globals:
  Function:
    Runtime: nodejs6.10
    Timeout: 180
    Handler: index.handler
    Environment:
      Variables:
        TABLE_NAME: data-table
  Api:
    EndpointConfiguration: REGIONAL
    Cors: "'www.example.com'"

Resource types

AWS::Serverless::Function
AWS::Serverless::Api
AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable

AWS::Serverless::Function

Creates a Lambda function, IAM execution role, and event source mappings which trigger the function.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Handler	`string`	Required. Function within your code that is called to begin execution.
Runtime	`string`	Required. The runtime environment.
CodeUri	`string` \| S3 Location Object	Required. S3 Uri or location to the function code. The S3 object this Uri references MUST be a Lambda deployment package.
FunctionName	`string`	A name for the function. If you don't specify a name, a unique name will be generated for you. More Info
Description	`string`	Description of the function.
MemorySize	`integer`	Size of the memory allocated per invocation of the function in MB. Defaults to 128.
Timeout	`integer`	Maximum time that the function can run before it is killed in seconds. Defaults to 3.
Role	`string`	ARN of an IAM role to use as this function's execution role. If omitted, a default role is created for this function.
Policies	`string` \| List of `string` \| IAM policy document object \| List of IAM policy document object \| List of SAM Policy Templates	Names of AWS managed IAM policies or IAM policy documents or SAM Policy Templates that this function needs, which should be appended to the default role for this function. If the Role property is set, this property has no meaning.
Environment	Function environment object	Configuration for the runtime environment.
VpcConfig	VPC config object	Configuration to enable this function to access private resources within your VPC.
Events	Map of `string` to Event source object	A map (string to Event source object) that defines the events that trigger this function. Keys are limited to alphanumeric characters.
Tags	Map of `string` to `string`	A map (string to string) that specifies the tags to be added to this function. Keys and values are limited to alphanumeric characters. Keys can be 1 to 127 Unicode characters in length and cannot be prefixed with `aws:`. Values can be 1 to 255 Unicode characters in length. When the stack is created, SAM will automatically add a `lambda:createdBy:SAM` tag to this Lambda function.
Tracing	`string`	String that specifies the function's X-Ray tracing mode. Accepted values are `Active` and `PassThrough`
KmsKeyArn	`string`	The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that Lambda uses to encrypt and decrypt your function's environment variables.
DeadLetterQueue	`map` \| DeadLetterQueue Object	Configures SNS topic or SQS queue where Lambda sends events that it can't process.
DeploymentPreference	DeploymentPreference Object	Settings to enable Safe Lambda Deployments. Read the usage guide for detailed information.
AutoPublishAlias	`string`	Name of the Alias. Read AutoPublishAlias Guide for how it works
ReservedConcurrentExecutions	`integer`	The maximum of concurrent executions you want to reserve for the function. For more information see AWS Documentation on managing concurrency

Return values

Ref

When the logical ID of this resource is provided to the Ref intrinsic function, it returns the resource name of the underlying Lambda function.

Fn::GetAtt

When the logical ID of this resource is provided to the Fn::GetAtt intrinsic function, it returns a value for a specified attribute of this type. This section lists the available attributes.

Attribute Name	Description
Arn	The ARN of the Lambda function.

Referencing Lambda Version & Alias resources

When you use AutoPublishAlias property, SAM will generate a Lambda Version and Alias resource for you. If you want to refer to these properties in an intrinsic function such as Ref or Fn::GetAtt, you can append .Version or .Alias suffix to the function's Logical ID. SAM will convert it to the correct Logical ID of the auto-generated Version or Alias resource respectively.

Example:

Assume the following Serverless Function

Resources:
  MyLambdaFunction:
    Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
    Properties:
      ...
      AutoPublishAlias: live
      ...

Version can be referenced as:

"Ref": "MyLambdaFunction.Version"

Alias can be referenced as:

"Ref": "MyLambdaFunction.Alias"

This can be used with other intrinsic functions such as "Fn::GetAtt" or "Fn::Sub" or "Fn::Join" as well.

Example: AWS::Serverless::Function

Handler: index.js
Runtime: nodejs6.10
CodeUri: 's3://my-code-bucket/my-function.zip'
Description: Creates thumbnails of uploaded images
MemorySize: 1024
Timeout: 15
Policies:
 - AWSLambdaExecute # Managed Policy
 - Version: '2012-10-17' # Policy Document
   Statement:
     - Effect: Allow
       Action:
         - s3:GetObject
         - s3:GetObjectACL
       Resource: 'arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*'
Environment:
  Variables:
    TABLE_NAME: my-table
Events:
  PhotoUpload:
    Type: S3
    Properties:
      Bucket: my-photo-bucket
Tags:
  AppNameTag: ThumbnailApp
  DepartmentNameTag: ThumbnailDepartment

AWS::Serverless::Api

Creates a collection of Amazon API Gateway resources and methods that can be invoked through HTTPS endpoints.

An AWS::Serverless::Api resource need not be explicitly added to a AWS Serverless Application Definition template. A resource of this type is implicitly created from the union of Api events defined on AWS::Serverless::Function resources defined in the template that do not refer to an AWS::Serverless::Api resource. An AWS::Serverless::Api resource should be used to define and document the API using Swagger, which provides more ability to configure the underlying Amazon API Gateway resources.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Name	`string`	A name for the API Gateway RestApi resource.
StageName	`string`	Required The name of the stage, which API Gateway uses as the first path segment in the invoke Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
DefinitionUri	`string` \| S3 Location Object	S3 URI or location to the Swagger document describing the API. Either one of `DefinitionUri` or `DefinitionBody` must be specified.
DefinitionBody	`JSON or YAML Object`	Swagger specification that describes your API. Either one of `DefinitionUri` or `DefinitionBody` must be specified.
CacheClusterEnabled	`boolean`	Indicates whether cache clustering is enabled for the stage.
CacheClusterSize	`string`	The stage's cache cluster size.
Variables	Map of `string` to `string`	A map (string to string map) that defines the stage variables, where the variable name is the key and the variable value is the value. Variable names are limited to alphanumeric characters. Values must match the following regular expression: `[A-Za-z0-9._~:/?#&=,-]+`.
MethodSettings	CloudFormation MethodSettings property	Configures all settings for API stage including Logging, Metrics, CacheTTL, Throttling. This value is passed through to CloudFormation. So any values supported by CloudFormation `MethodSettings` property can be used here.
EndpointConfiguration	`string`	Specify the type of endpoint for API endpoint. Value is either `REGIONAL` or `EDGE`.
BinaryMediaTypes	List of `string`	List of MIME types that your API could return. Use this to enable binary support for APIs. Use `~1` instead of `/` in the mime types (See examples in template.yaml).
Cors	`string` or Cors Configuration	Enable CORS for all your APIs. Specify the domain to allow as a string or specify a dictionary with additional Cors Configuration. NOTE: Cors requires SAM to modify your Swagger definition. Hence it works only inline swagger defined with `DefinitionBody`.

Return values

Ref

When the logical ID of this resource is provided to the Ref intrinsic function, it returns the resource name of the underlying API Gateway RestApi.

Example: AWS::Serverless::Api

StageName: prod
DefinitionUri: swagger.yml

Referencing generated resources - Stage & Deployment

SAM will generate an API Gateway Stage and API Gateway Deployment for every AWS::Serverless::Api resource. If you want to refer to these properties in an intrinsic function such as Ref or Fn::GetAtt, you can append .Stage and .Deployment suffix to the API's Logical ID. SAM will convert it to the correct Logical ID of the auto-generated Stage or Deployment resource respectively.

AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable

The AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable resource creates a DynamoDB table with a single attribute primary key. It is useful when data only needs to be accessed via a primary key. To use the more advanced functionality of DynamoDB, use an AWS::DynamoDB::Table resource instead.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
PrimaryKey	Primary Key Object	Attribute name and type to be used as the table's primary key. This cannot be modified without replacing the resource. Defaults to `String` attribute named ID.
ProvisionedThroughput	Provisioned Throughput Object	Read and write throughput provisioning information. Defaults to 5 read and 5 write capacity units per second.
Tags	Map of `string` to `string`	A map (string to string) that specifies the tags to be added to this table. Keys and values are limited to alphanumeric characters.
TableName	`string`	Name for the DynamoDB Table

Return values

Ref

When the logical ID of this resource is provided to the Ref intrinsic function, it returns the resource name of the underlying DynamoDB table.

Example: AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable

Properties:
  TableName: my-table
  PrimaryKey:
    Name: id
    Type: String
  ProvisionedThroughput:
    ReadCapacityUnits: 5
    WriteCapacityUnits: 5
  Tags:
    Department: Engineering
    AppType: Serverless

Event source types

S3
SNS
Kinesis
DynamoDB
Api
Schedule
CloudWatchEvent
CloudWatchLogs
IoTRule
AlexaSkill

S3

The object describing an event source with type S3.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Bucket	`string`	Required. S3 bucket name.
Events	`string` \| List of `string`	Required. See Amazon S3 supported event types for valid values.
Filter	Amazon S3 notification filter	Rules to filter events on.

NOTE: To specify an S3 bucket as an event source for a Lambda function, both resources have to be declared in the same template. AWS SAM does not support specifying an existing bucket as an event source.

Example: S3 event source object

Type: S3
Properties:
  Bucket: my-photo-bucket
  Events: s3:ObjectCreated:*

SNS

The object describing an event source with type SNS.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Topic	`string`	Required. Topic ARN.

Example: SNS event source object

Type: SNS
Properties:
  Topic: arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my_topic

Kinesis

The object describing an event source with type Kinesis.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Stream	`string`	Required. ARN of the Amazon Kinesis stream.
StartingPosition	`string`	Required. One of `TRIM_HORIZON` or `LATEST`.
BatchSize	`integer`	Maximum number of stream records to process per function invocation.

Example: Kinesis event source object

Type: Kinesis
Properties:
  Stream: arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:123456789012:stream/my-stream
  StartingPosition: TRIM_HORIZON
  BatchSize: 10

DynamoDB

The object describing an event source with type DynamoDB.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Stream	`string`	Required. ARN of the DynamoDB stream.
StartingPosition	`string`	Required. One of `TRIM_HORIZON` or `LATEST`.
BatchSize	`integer`	Maximum number of stream records to process per function invocation.

Example: DynamoDB event source object

Type: DynamoDB
Properties:
  Stream: arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:123456789012:table/TestTable/stream/2016-08-11T21:21:33.291
  StartingPosition: TRIM_HORIZON
  BatchSize: 10

Api

The object describing an event source with type Api.

If an AWS::Serverless::Api resource is defined, the path and method values MUST correspond to an operation in the Swagger definition of the API. If no AWS::Serverless::Api is defined, the function input and output are a representation of the HTTP request and HTTP response. For example, using the JavaScript API, the status code and body of the response can be controlled by returning an object with the keys statusCode and body.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Path	`string`	Required. Uri path for which this function is invoked. MUST start with `/`.
Method	`string`	Required. HTTP method for which this function is invoked.
RestApiId	`string`	Identifier of a RestApi resource which MUST contain an operation with the given path and method. Typically, this is set to reference an `AWS::Serverless::Api` resource defined in this template. If not defined, a default `AWS::Serverless::Api` resource is created using a generated Swagger document contains a union of all paths and methods defined by `Api` events defined in this template that do not specify a RestApiId.

Example: Api event source object

Type: Api
Properties:
  Path: /photos
  Method: post

Schedule

The object describing an event source with type Schedule.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Schedule	`string`	Required. Schedule expression, which MUST follow the schedule expression syntax rules.
Input	`string`	JSON-formatted string to pass to the function as the event body.

Example: Schedule event source object

Type: Schedule
Properties:
  Schedule: rate(5 minutes)

CloudWatchEvent

The object describing an event source with type CloudWatchEvent.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Pattern	Event Pattern Object	Required. Pattern describing which CloudWatch events trigger the function. Only matching events trigger the function.
Input	`string`	JSON-formatted string to pass to the function as the event body. This value overrides the matched event.
InputPath	`string`	JSONPath describing the part of the event to pass to the function.

Example: CloudWatchEvent event source object

Type: CloudWatchEvent
Properties:
  Pattern:
    detail:
      state:
        - terminated

CloudWatchLogs

The object describing an event source with type CloudWatchLogs.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
LogGroupName	`string`	Required. Name of the CloudWatch Log Group from which to process logs.
FilterPattern	`string`	Required. A CloudWatch Logs FilterPattern to specify which logs in the Log Group to process.

Example: CloudWatchLogs event source object

Type: CloudWatchLogs
Properties:
  LogGroupName: MyLogGroup
  FilterPattern: Error

IoTRule

The object describing an event source with type IoTRule.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Sql	`string`	Required. The SQL statement that queries the topic. For more information, see Rules for AWS IoT in the AWS IoT Developer Guide.
AwsIotSqlVersion	`string`	The version of the SQL rules engine to use when evaluating the rule.

Example: IoTRule event source object

Type: IoTRule
Properties:
  Sql: "SELECT * FROM 'iot/test'"

AlexaSkill

The object describing an event source with type AlexaSkill.

Specifying AlexaSkill event creates a resource policy that allows the Amazon Alexa service to call your Lambda function. To configure the Alexa service to work with your Lambda function, go to the Alexa Developer portal.

Property types

Environment object
Event source object
Primary key object

Environment object

The object describing the environment properties of a function.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Variables	Map of `string` to `string`	A map (string to string map) that defines the environment variables, where the variable name is the key and the variable value is the value. Variable names are limited to alphanumeric characters and the first character must be a letter. Values are limited to alphanumeric characters and the following special characters `_(){}[]$*+-\/"#',;.@!?`.

Example: Environment object

Variables:
  TABLE_NAME: my-table
  STAGE: prod

Event source object

The object describing the source of events which trigger the function.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Type	`string`	Required. Event type. Event source types include 'S3, 'Api', 'SNS', 'Kinesis', 'DynamoDB'. For more information about all types, see Event source types.
Properties	*	Required. Object describing properties of this event mapping. Must conform to the defined `Type`. For more information about all types, see Event source types.

Example: Event source object

Type: S3
Properties:
  Bucket: my-photo-bucket

Type: AlexaSkill

Primary key object

The object describing the properties of a primary key.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
Name	`string`	Attribute name of the primary key. Defaults to `id`.
Type	`string`	Attribute type of the primary key. MUST be one of `String`, `Number`, or `Binary`.

Example: Primary key object

Properties:
  PrimaryKey:
    Name: id
    Type: String

Data Types

S3 Location Object

Specifies the location of an S3 object as a dictionary containing Bucket, Key, and optional Version properties.

Example:

CodeUri:
  Bucket: mybucket-name
  Key: code.zip
  Version: 121212

DeadLetterQueue Object

Specifies an SQS queue or SNS topic that AWS Lambda (Lambda) sends events to when it can't process them. For more information about DLQ functionality, refer to the officiall documentation at http://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/dlq.html. SAM will automatically add appropriate permission to your Lambda function execution role to give Lambda service access to the resource. sqs:SendMessage will be added for SQS queues and sns:Publish for SNS topics.

Syntax:

DeadLetterQueue:
  Type: `SQS` or `SNS` 
  TargetArn: ARN of the SQS queue or SNS topic to use as DLQ.

DeploymentPreference Object

Specifies the configurations to enable Safe Lambda Deployments. Read the usage guide for detailed information. The following shows all available properties of this object

DeploymentPreference:
  Enabled: true
  Type: Linear10PercentEvery10Minutes
  Alarms:
    # A list of alarms that you want to monitor
    - !Ref AliasErrorMetricGreaterThanZeroAlarm
    - !Ref LatestVersionErrorMetricGreaterThanZeroAlarm
  Hooks:
    # Validation Lambda functions that are run before & after traffic shifting
    PreTraffic: !Ref PreTrafficLambdaFunction
    PostTraffic: !Ref PostTrafficLambdaFunction

Cors Configuration

Enable and configure CORS for the APIs. Enabling CORS will allow your API to be called from other domains. Assume your API is served from 'www.example.com' and you want to allow.

Cors:
  AllowMethods: Optional. String containing the HTTP methods to allow. 
  # For example, "'GET,POST,DELETE'". If you omit this property, then SAM will automatically allow all the methods configured for each API. 
  # Checkout [HTTP Spec](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Methods) more details on the value.

  AllowHeaders: Optional. String of headers to allow. 
  # For example, "'X-Forwarded-For'". Checkout [HTTP Spec](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Headers) for more details on the value

  AllowOrigin: Required. String of origin to allow. 
  # For example, "'www.example.com'". Checkout [HTTP Spec](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Origin) for more details on this value.

  MaxAge: Optional. String containing the number of seconds to cache CORS Preflight request. 
  # For example, "'600'" will cache request for 600 seconds. Checkout [HTTP Spec](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Max-Age) for more details on this value

NOTE: HTTP spec requires the value of Allow properties to be a quoted string. So don't forget the additional quotes in the value. ie. "'www.example.com'" is correct whereas "www.example.com" is wrong

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AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM)

Version 2016-10-31

Introduction

Specification

Format

Example: AWS SAM template

Globals Section

Resource types

AWS::Serverless::Function

Properties

Return values

Ref

Fn::GetAtt

Referencing Lambda Version & Alias resources

Example: AWS::Serverless::Function

AWS::Serverless::Api

Properties

Return values

Ref

Example: AWS::Serverless::Api

Referencing generated resources - Stage & Deployment

AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable

Properties

Return values

Ref

Example: AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable

Event source types

S3

Properties

Example: S3 event source object

SNS

Properties

Example: SNS event source object

Kinesis

Properties

Example: Kinesis event source object

DynamoDB

Properties

Example: DynamoDB event source object

Api

Properties

Example: Api event source object

Schedule

Properties

Example: Schedule event source object

CloudWatchEvent

Properties

Example: CloudWatchEvent event source object

CloudWatchLogs

Properties

Example: CloudWatchLogs event source object

IoTRule

Properties

Example: IoTRule event source object

AlexaSkill

Property types

Environment object

Properties

Example: Environment object

Event source object

Properties

Example: Event source object

Primary key object

Properties

Example: Primary key object

Data Types

S3 Location Object

DeadLetterQueue Object

DeploymentPreference Object

Cors Configuration