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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='styles.css' />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>CSS Positioning and Layout Modules</title>
<style>
@font-face {
font-family: 'Verb';
src: url('https://staging-tla.upcity.com/verbextralight-webfont.ttf') format('truetype');
}
.text {
font-family: 'Verb';
margin-top: 150px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav><div>FIXED MENU</div><pre>{ position: fixed; top: 0; }</pre></nav>
<div id='main'>
<header>
<div class='headertitle'>
<h1>CSS Content Positioning and Layout Modules</h1>
<p>Positioning: How elements are positioned relative to
themselves</p>
<p>Layout Modules: How elements put into one and two dimensional systems</p>
<a href='https://github.com/kjalnes/css-layout'>Github</a>
</div>
</header>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Positioning</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Static or auto:</b> Respects the normal flow
of content</li>
<li><b>Relative:</b> Lets us move something around
without effecting other elements</li>
<li><b>Absolute:</b> Lets us position something
around its parent element</li>
<li><b>Fixed:</b> Lets us position something around
the viewport</li>
</ul>
<p><b>Relative, absolute and fixed</b> positioning unlocks
the <b>z-index</b> controller which allows us to control the stacking context by
overlapping and underlapping elements.</p>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Static or auto</h2>
<p>Respects the normal flow of content</p>
<p>Content follows the normal
document flow. Kind of like we would expect in a
word document.</p>
<pre>
position: static;
position: auto;
</pre>
<div id='static'>
<div>Normal div block element</div>
<div>Another normal with a inline <span>span</span> element</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Relative</h2>
<p>Lets us move something around without effecting
other elements</p>
<p>Relatives are relative to their own
positioning.
They stay were they were before they
became relative. But now the relative
items can move around - top bottom left
right - without it affecting the
parent or the siblings.</p>
<p>Unlocks z-index</p>
<pre>
.relative-element-1, .relative-element-2, .relative-element-3 {
position: relative;
opacity: 0.5;
background-color: yellow;
padding: 10px;
}
.relative-element-1 {
top: 20px;
}
.relative-element-2 {
left: 30px;
top: 5px;
}
.relative-element-3 {
left: 60px;
top: -8px;
}
</pre>
<div class='relative'>
<div class='relative-element-1'>Relative element</div>
<div class='relative-element-2'>Relative element</div>
<div class='relative-element-3'>Relative element</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Absolute</h2>
<p>Lets us position something around its parent
element</p>
<p>Out of flow - takes its positioning from the
next parent that has its position set to anything
other than auto</p>
<p>Unlocks z-index</p>
<p>The yellow footer has a position of absolute and bottom set to 0.</p>
<pre>
#absolute-parent {
position: relative
}
.absolute-element {
position: absolute;
top: 10px;
left: 500px;
}
</pre>
<div id='absolute-parent'>
<div class='absolute-element'>Absolute element</div>
<div>Regular element</div>
<div>Regular element</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Fixed</h2>
<p>Lets us position something around the viewport</p>
<p>Unlocks z-index</p>
<p>The green sticky menu is always at the top of the
viewport, because its position is set to fixed and
top is set to 0.</p>
<pre>
nav {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
}
</pre>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Modules and Properties</h2>
<ul>
<li>Flexbox Display</li>
<li>Grid Display</li>
<li>Float Property</li>
<li>Overflow Property</li>
</ul>
<p>There are many ways to align and systemize content using CSS. There is no one way that is superior to others, and often a good solution requires using a grid within a flexbox within a grid.</p>
<p>Flexbox takes more basis in the content. Grid takes more basis in the layout.</p>
<p>Sometimes the only way to achieve what we want is still to use good old float.</p>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>CSS Flex Layout Module</h2>
<p>CSS3 web layout model. Automatically rearranges depending on screensize. Good for one dimensional grids.</p>
<p>Allows us to control how content is displayed (row/column).</p>
<pre>
// container
#flex {
display: flex;
height: 200px;
justify-content: space-around;
align-items: stretch;
background-color: pink;
}
// children
.flex-element {
flex: 1;
margin: 0 20px;
}
// Flex element big
.big {
flex: 3;
}
</pre>
<div id='flex'>
<div class='flex-element'>Flex element<pre>flex: 1;</pre></div>
<div class='flex-element'>Flex element<pre>flex: 1;</pre></div>
<div class='flex-element'>Flex element<pre>flex: 1;</pre></div>
<div class='flex-element'>Flex element<pre>flex: 1;</pre></div>
<div class='flex-element big'>Flex element big<pre>flex: 3;</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>CSS Grid Layout Module</h2>
<p>Easy to create both rows and columns - two dimensional grids.</p>
<div id='grid'>
<h3>Example One</h3>
<pre>
#grid-parent {
display: grid;
height: 200px;
grid-template-columns: 20% 20% auto;
grid-column-gap: 10px;
}
#grid-parent div {
background-color: lightgreen;
}
</pre>
<div id='grid-parent'>
<div>Logo</div>
<div>Company name</div>
<div>Menu</div>
</div>
<h3>Example Two</h3>
<pre>
#grid-parent-2 {
display: grid;
height: 200px;
grid-template-columns: 10% 20% auto;
grid-column-gap: 10px;
grid-row-gap: 10px;
}
#grid-parent-2 div {
background-color: lightpink;
}
#grid-parent-2 div:first-child {
background-color: red;
grid-column-start: 2;
grid-column-end: span 2;
grid-row-start: 1;
grid-row-end: span 3;
}
#grid-parent-2 div:nth-child(5), #grid-parent-2 div:nth-child(6) {
background-color: blue;
grid-column-end: span 3;
}
</pre>
<div id='grid-parent-2'>
<div>Grid div first</div>
<div>Grid div</div>
<div>Grid div</div>
<div>Grid div</div>
<div>Grid div nth-child(5)</div>
<div>Grid div nth-child(6)</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Float Property</h2>
<p>Floating content removes the content from the
content flow and places it either top right or left
of the parent div</p>
<p>To make sure that below content does not collapse we need to use clear: both (or left / right)</p>
<pre>
.floated-element {
float: left;
width: 27%;
margin: 1.5%;
padding: 1.5%;
}
</pre>
<div id='floats'>
<div class='floated-element'>Floated element</div>
<div class='floated-element'>Floated element</div>
<div class='floated-element'>Floated element</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='container'>
<h2>Overflow Property</h2>
<p>Overflow hidden will cut out any content outside the elements boundries</p>
<p>Overflow scroll adds a scrollbar</p>
<p>Overflow auto adds a scrollbar if it is necessary</p>
<div id='overflow'>
<div class='overflow hidden'>
<h3>Hidden</h3>
<pre>
div {
overflow: hidden;
}
</div>
<div class='overflow scroll'>
<h3>Scroll</h3>
<pre>
div {
overflow: scroll;
}
</pre>
</div>
<div class='overflow auto'>
<h3>Auto</h3>
<pre>
div {
overflow: auto;
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div class='footer'>
FOOTER
<pre> footer { position: absolute; bottom: 0; } </pre>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>