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T1056.004 - Credential API Hooking

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017) Unlike [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001), this technique focuses specifically on API functions that include parameters that reveal user credentials. Hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via:
  • Hooks procedures, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Endgame Process Injection July 2017)
  • Import address table (IAT) hooking, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored.(Citation: Endgame Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)
  • Inline hooking, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow.(Citation: Endgame Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Hook PowerShell TLS Encrypt/Decrypt Messages

Hooks functions in PowerShell to read TLS Communications

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
file_name Dll To Inject Path PathToAtomicsFolder\T1056.004\bin\T1056.004x64.dll
server_name TLS Server To Test Get Request Url https://www.example.com

Attack Commands: Run with powershell! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

mavinject $pid /INJECTRUNNING #{file_name}
curl #{server_name}

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: T1056.004x64.dll must exist on disk at specified location (#{file_name})
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path #{file_name}) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
New-Item -Type Directory (split-path #{file_name}) -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1056.004/bin/T1056.004x64.dll" -OutFile "#{file_name}"