diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs.yml b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
index 5f2980ca..9c2558b9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
-      - name: install tox
-        run: python -m pip install tox
+      - name: install nox
+        run: python -m pip install nox
 
       - name: install cp2k
         if: matrix.example-name == 'cp2k_run_batch'
         run: sudo apt-get install -y cp2k
 
       - name: build example
-        run: tox -e ${{ matrix.example-name }}
+        run: nox -e ${{ matrix.example-name }}
 
       - name: store example as a github artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
-      - name: install tox
-        run: python -m pip install tox
+      - name: install nox
+        run: python -m pip install nox
 
       - name: load github artifact for each example
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: build documentation
-        run: tox -e build_docs
+        run: nox -e build_docs
 
       - name: store documentation as github artifact to be downloaded by users
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index ad3a1fd0..68613d53 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: "3.12"
 
     - name: install dependencies
-      run: pip install tox
+      run: pip install nox
 
     - name: test lint
-      run: tox -e lint
+      run: nox -e lint
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f6eb9338..902390c1 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@ docs/src/examples/
 *build*
 *egg-info/
 sg_execution_times.rst
+
+.nox/
diff --git a/noxfile.py b/noxfile.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed7dfd65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/noxfile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import glob
+import hashlib
+import json
+import os
+
+import nox
+
+
+# global nox options
+nox.options.reuse_venv = "yes"
+nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "docs"]
+
+
+# Files that need to be linted & formatted
+LINT_FILES = [
+    "ipynb-to-gallery.py",
+    "generate-gallery.py",
+    "noxfile.py",
+    "docs/src/conf.py",
+    "examples",
+]
+
+# the current list of examples, determined from the directories on disk
+EXAMPLES = [
+    os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(file)) for file in glob.glob("examples/*/")
+]
+
+# ==================================================================================== #
+#                                 helper functions                                     #
+# ==================================================================================== #
+
+
+def should_reinstall_dependencies(session, **metadata):
+    """
+    Returns a bool indicating whether the dependencies should be re-installed in the
+    venv.
+
+    This works by hashing everything in metadata, and storing the hash in the session
+    virtualenv. If the hash changes, we'll have to re-install!
+    """
+
+    to_hash = {}
+    for key, value in metadata.items():
+        if os.path.exists(value):
+            with open(value) as fd:
+                to_hash[key] = fd.read()
+        else:
+            to_hash[key] = value
+
+    to_hash = json.dumps(to_hash).encode("utf8")
+    sha1 = hashlib.sha1(to_hash).hexdigest()
+    sha1_path = os.path.join(session.virtualenv.location, "metadata.sha1")
+
+    if session.virtualenv._reused:
+        if os.path.exists(sha1_path):
+            with open(sha1_path) as fd:
+                should_reinstall = fd.read().strip() != sha1
+        else:
+            should_reinstall = True
+    else:
+        should_reinstall = True
+
+    with open(sha1_path, "w") as fd:
+        fd.write(sha1)
+
+    if should_reinstall:
+        session.debug("updating environment since the dependencies changed")
+
+    return should_reinstall
+
+
+# ==================================================================================== #
+#                              nox sessions definitions                                #
+# ==================================================================================== #
+
+
+for name in EXAMPLES:
+
+    @nox.session(name=name, venv_backend="conda")
+    def example(session, name=name):
+        environment_yml = f"examples/{name}/environment.yml"
+        if should_reinstall_dependencies(session, environment_yml=environment_yml):
+            session.run(
+                "conda",
+                "env",
+                "update",
+                "--prune",
+                f"--file={environment_yml}",
+                f"--prefix={session.virtualenv.location}",
+            )
+
+            # install sphinx-gallery and its dependencies
+            session.install("sphinx-gallery", "sphinx", "pillow", "matplotlib")
+
+        session.run("python", "generate-gallery.py", f"examples/{name}")
+        os.unlink(f"docs/src/examples/{name}/index.rst")
+
+
+@nox.session(venv_backend="none")
+def docs(session):
+    """Run all examples and build the documentation"""
+
+    for example in EXAMPLES:
+        session.run("nox", "-e", example, external=True)
+    session.run("nox", "-e", "build_docs", external=True)
+
+
+@nox.session
+def build_docs(session):
+    """Assemble the documentation into a website, assuming pre-generated examples"""
+
+    requirements = "docs/requirements.txt"
+    if should_reinstall_dependencies(session, requirements=requirements):
+        session.install("-r", requirements)
+
+    session.run("sphinx-build", "-W", "-b", "html", "docs/src", "docs/build/html")
+
+
+@nox.session
+def lint(session):
+    """Run linters and type checks"""
+
+    if not session.virtualenv._reused:
+        session.install("black", "blackdoc")
+        session.install("flake8", "flake8-bugbear", "flake8-sphinx-links")
+        session.install("isort")
+        session.install("sphinx-lint")
+
+    # Formatting
+    session.run("black", "--check", "--diff", *LINT_FILES)
+    session.run("blackdoc", "--check", "--diff", *LINT_FILES)
+    session.run("isort", "--check-only", "--diff", *LINT_FILES)
+
+    # Linting
+    session.run(
+        "flake8",
+        "--max-line-length=88",
+        "--exclude=docs/src/examples/",
+        *LINT_FILES,
+    )
+
+    session.run(
+        "sphinx-lint",
+        "--enable=line-too-long",
+        "--max-line-length=88",
+        "--ignore=docs/src",
+        "README.rst",
+        "CONTRIBUTING.rst",
+        *LINT_FILES,
+    )
+
+
+@nox.session
+def format(session):
+    """Automatically format all files"""
+
+    if not session.virtualenv._reused:
+        session.install("black", "blackdoc")
+        session.install("isort")
+
+    session.run("black", *LINT_FILES)
+    session.run("blackdoc", *LINT_FILES)
+    session.run("isort", *LINT_FILES)
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1abbd068..00000000
--- a/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-import setuptools
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    setuptools.setup()
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cc70a8b..00000000
--- a/tox.ini
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-[tox]
-min_version = 4.0
-envlist =
-    lint
-    docs
-
-[testenv]
-package = skip
-lint_folders =
-    "{toxinidir}/ipynb-to-gallery.py" \
-    "{toxinidir}/generate-gallery.py" \
-    "{toxinidir}/docs/src/conf.py" \
-    "{toxinidir}/examples"
-
-install_conda_env =
-    conda env update --file examples/{envname}/environment.yml --prefix {envdir}/conda --verbose
-    # install sphinx-gallery and its dependencies
-    {envdir}/conda/bin/python -m pip install sphinx-gallery sphinx pillow
-
-generate_gallery =
-    {envdir}/conda/bin/python generate-gallery.py examples/{envname}
-    rm -rf docs/src/examples/{envname}/index.rst
-
-allowlist_externals =
-    rm
-    conda
-    {envdir}/conda/bin/python
-
-[testenv:docs]
-description = Run all examples and build the documentation
-allowlist_externals = tox
-commands =
-    # transform all examples to rst
-    tox -e lode_linear
-    tox -e roy_gch
-    tox -e sample_selection
-    tox -e gaas_map
-    tox -e cp2k_run_batch
-
-    # Build the documentation
-    tox -e build_docs
-
-[testenv:build_docs]
-description = Build the documentation (examples must be generated before)
-deps = -r docs/requirements.txt
-commands = sphinx-build {posargs:-E} -W -b html docs/src docs/build/html
-
-
-[testenv:lode_linear]
-description = Build the `lode_linear` example
-commands =
-    {[testenv]install_conda_env}
-    {[testenv]generate_gallery}
-
-[testenv:roy_gch]
-description = Build the `roy_gch` example
-commands =
-    {[testenv]install_conda_env}
-    {[testenv]generate_gallery}
-
-[testenv:gaas_map]
-description = Build the `gaas_map` example
-commands =
-    {[testenv]install_conda_env}
-    {[testenv]generate_gallery}
-
-[testenv:sample_selection]
-description = Build the `sample_selection` example
-commands =
-    {[testenv]install_conda_env}
-    {[testenv]generate_gallery}
-
-[testenv:cp2k_run_batch]
-description = Build the `cp2k_run_batch` example
-commands =
-    {[testenv]install_conda_env}
-    {[testenv]generate_gallery}
-
-[testenv:lint]
-description = Run linters and type checks
-deps =
-    black
-    blackdoc
-    flake8
-    flake8-bugbear
-    isort
-    flake8-sphinx-links
-    sphinx-lint
-commands =
-    flake8 {[testenv]lint_folders}
-    black --check --diff {[testenv]lint_folders}
-    blackdoc --check --diff {[testenv]lint_folders}
-    isort --check-only --diff {[testenv]lint_folders}
-    sphinx-lint --enable line-too-long --max-line-length 88 \
-        -i "{toxinidir}/docs/src" \
-        {[testenv]lint_folders} "{toxinidir}/README.rst" "{toxinidir}/CONTRIBUTING.rst"
-
-
-[testenv:format]
-description = Abuse tox to do actual formatting on all files.
-deps =
-    black
-    blackdoc
-    isort
-commands =
-    black {[testenv]lint_folders}
-    blackdoc {[testenv]lint_folders}
-    isort {[testenv]lint_folders}
-
-[flake8]
-max_line_length = 88
-exclude =
-    docs/src/examples/
-per-file-ignores =
-    # D205 and D400 are incompatible with the requirements of sphinx-gallery
-    examples/**:D205, D400