diff --git a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/aio.py b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/aio.py
index 4a516557a..776c81e30 100644
--- a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/aio.py
+++ b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/aio.py
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
     Result,
     SearchOp,
 )
-from langgraph.store.base.batch import AsyncBatchedBaseStore
+from langgraph.store.base.batch import (
+    BatchedBaseStore,
+)
 from langgraph.store.postgres.base import (
     _PLACEHOLDER,
     BasePostgresStore,
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class AsyncPostgresStore(AsyncBatchedBaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_ainternal.Conn]):
+class AsyncPostgresStore(BatchedBaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_ainternal.Conn]):
     """Asynchronous Postgres-backed store with optional vector search using pgvector.
 
     !!! example "Examples"
diff --git a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/base.py b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/base.py
index 84dd70364..d464353c4 100644
--- a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/base.py
+++ b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/langgraph/store/postgres/base.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import _ainternal as _ainternal
 from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import _internal as _pg_internal
 from langgraph.store.base import (
-    BaseStore,
     GetOp,
     IndexConfig,
     Item,
@@ -44,6 +43,7 @@
     get_text_at_path,
     tokenize_path,
 )
+from langgraph.store.base.batch import SyncBatchedBaseStore
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from langchain_core.embeddings import Embeddings
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ def _get_filter_condition(self, key: str, op: str, value: Any) -> tuple[str, lis
             raise ValueError(f"Unsupported operator: {op}")
 
 
-class PostgresStore(BaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_pg_internal.Conn]):
+class PostgresStore(SyncBatchedBaseStore, BasePostgresStore[_pg_internal.Conn]):
     """Postgres-backed store with optional vector search using pgvector.
 
     !!! example "Examples"
diff --git a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_async_store.py b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_async_store.py
index eda0e2820..8dd3c0508 100644
--- a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_async_store.py
+++ b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_async_store.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 # type: ignore
+import asyncio
 import itertools
 import sys
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
@@ -63,6 +65,96 @@ async def store(request) -> AsyncIterator[AsyncPostgresStore]:
             await conn.execute(f"DROP DATABASE {database}")
 
 
+def test_large_batches(store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None:
+    N = 1000
+    M = 10
+
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
+        for m in range(M):
+            for i in range(N):
+                _ = [
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.put,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                        value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.get,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.list_namespaces,
+                        prefix=None,
+                        max_depth=m + 1,
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.search,
+                        ("test",),
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.put,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                        value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.put,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                        None,
+                    ),
+                ]
+
+
+async def test_large_batches_async(store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None:
+    N = 1000
+    M = 10
+    coros = []
+    for m in range(M):
+        for i in range(N):
+            coros.append(
+                store.aput(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                    value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.aget(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.alist_namespaces(
+                    prefix=None,
+                    max_depth=m + 1,
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.asearch(
+                    ("test",),
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.aput(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                    value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.adelete(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                )
+            )
+
+    await asyncio.gather(*coros)
+
+
 async def test_abatch_order(store: AsyncPostgresStore) -> None:
     # Setup test data
     await store.aput(("test", "foo"), "key1", {"data": "value1"})
diff --git a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_store.py b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_store.py
index 35dfa2150..ffb1aa563 100644
--- a/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_store.py
+++ b/libs/checkpoint-postgres/tests/test_store.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # type: ignore
 
+import asyncio
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Any, Optional
 from uuid import uuid4
@@ -17,11 +19,7 @@
     SearchOp,
 )
 from langgraph.store.postgres import PostgresStore
-from tests.conftest import (
-    DEFAULT_URI,
-    VECTOR_TYPES,
-    CharacterEmbeddings,
-)
+from tests.conftest import DEFAULT_URI, VECTOR_TYPES, CharacterEmbeddings
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function", params=["default", "pipe", "pool"])
@@ -59,6 +57,96 @@ def store(request) -> PostgresStore:
             conn.execute(f"DROP DATABASE {database}")
 
 
+def test_large_batches(store: PostgresStore) -> None:
+    N = 1000
+    M = 10
+
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
+        for m in range(M):
+            for i in range(N):
+                _ = [
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.put,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                        value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.get,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.list_namespaces,
+                        prefix=None,
+                        max_depth=m + 1,
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.search,
+                        ("test",),
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.put,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                        value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                    ),
+                    executor.submit(
+                        store.put,
+                        ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                        f"key{i}",
+                        None,
+                    ),
+                ]
+
+
+async def test_large_batches_async(store: PostgresStore) -> None:
+    N = 1000
+    M = 10
+    coros = []
+    for m in range(M):
+        for i in range(N):
+            coros.append(
+                store.aput(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                    value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.aget(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.alist_namespaces(
+                    prefix=None,
+                    max_depth=m + 1,
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.asearch(
+                    ("test",),
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.aput(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                    value={"foo": "bar" + str(i)},
+                )
+            )
+            coros.append(
+                store.adelete(
+                    ("test", "foo", "bar", "baz", str(m % 2)),
+                    f"key{i}",
+                )
+            )
+
+    await asyncio.gather(*coros)
+
+
 def test_batch_order(store: PostgresStore) -> None:
     # Setup test data
     store.put(("test", "foo"), "key1", {"data": "value1"})
diff --git a/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/__init__.py b/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/__init__.py
index c635e43ed..06eeab9cc 100644
--- a/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/__init__.py
+++ b/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/__init__.py
@@ -808,6 +808,8 @@ def list_namespaces(
             # [("a", "b", "c"), ("a", "b", "d"), ("a", "b", "f")]
             ```
         """
+        if max_depth is not None and max_depth <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("If provided, max_depth must be greater than 0")
         match_conditions = []
         if prefix:
             match_conditions.append(MatchCondition(match_type="prefix", path=prefix))
@@ -1004,6 +1006,8 @@ async def alist_namespaces(
             # Returns: [("a", "b", "c"), ("a", "b", "d"), ("a", "b", "f")]
             ```
         """
+        if max_depth is not None and max_depth <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("If provided, max_depth must be greater than 0")
         match_conditions = []
         if prefix:
             match_conditions.append(MatchCondition(match_type="prefix", path=prefix))
diff --git a/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/batch.py b/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/batch.py
index 33c502574..7c8371c1e 100644
--- a/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/batch.py
+++ b/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/store/base/batch.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import asyncio
+import threading
+import time
 import weakref
-from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Literal, Optional, Union
 
 from langgraph.store.base import (
     BaseStore,
@@ -11,24 +14,19 @@
     NamespacePath,
     Op,
     PutOp,
+    Result,
     SearchItem,
     SearchOp,
     _validate_namespace,
 )
 
 
-class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(BaseStore):
+class AsyncBatchedBaseStoreMixin:
     """Efficiently batch operations in a background task."""
 
-    __slots__ = ("_loop", "_aqueue", "_task")
-
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        self._aqueue: dict[asyncio.Future, Op] = {}
-        self._task = self._loop.create_task(_run(self._aqueue, weakref.ref(self)))
-
-    def __del__(self) -> None:
-        self._task.cancel()
+    _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
+    _aqueue: dict[asyncio.Future, Op]
+    _task: asyncio.Task
 
     async def aget(
         self,
@@ -100,6 +98,29 @@ async def alist_namespaces(
         return await fut
 
 
+class AsyncBatchedBaseStore(AsyncBatchedBaseStoreMixin, BaseStore):
+    """Efficiently batch operations in a background task."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("_loop", "_aqueue", "_task")
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self._aqueue: dict[asyncio.Future, Op] = {}
+        self._task = self._loop.create_task(_run(self._aqueue, weakref.ref(self)))
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        self._task.cancel()
+
+    def batch(self, ops: Iterable[Op]) -> list[Result]:
+        futures = []
+        for op in ops:
+            fut = self._loop.create_future()
+            self._aqueue[fut] = op
+            futures.append(fut)
+        return [fut.result() for fut in asyncio.as_completed(futures)]
+
+
 def _dedupe_ops(values: list[Op]) -> tuple[Optional[list[int]], list[Op]]:
     """Dedupe operations while preserving order for results.
 
@@ -174,3 +195,181 @@ async def _run(
             break
         # remove strong ref to store
         del s
+
+
+class SyncBatchedBaseStoreMixin(BaseStore):
+    """Efficiently batch operations in a background thread."""
+
+    _sync_queue: dict[Future, Op]
+    _sync_thread: threading.Thread
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        namespace: tuple[str, ...],
+        key: str,
+    ) -> Optional[Item]:
+        fut: Future[Optional[Item]] = Future()
+        self._sync_queue[fut] = GetOp(namespace, key)
+        return fut.result()
+
+    def search(
+        self,
+        namespace_prefix: tuple[str, ...],
+        /,
+        *,
+        query: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        limit: int = 10,
+        offset: int = 0,
+    ) -> list[SearchItem]:
+        fut: Future[list[SearchItem]] = Future()
+        self._sync_queue[fut] = SearchOp(namespace_prefix, filter, limit, offset, query)
+        return fut.result()
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        namespace: tuple[str, ...],
+        key: str,
+        value: dict[str, Any],
+        index: Optional[Union[Literal[False], list[str]]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        _validate_namespace(namespace)
+        fut: Future[None] = Future()
+        self._sync_queue[fut] = PutOp(namespace, key, value, index)
+        return fut.result()
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        namespace: tuple[str, ...],
+        key: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        fut: Future[None] = Future()
+        self._sync_queue[fut] = PutOp(namespace, key, None)
+        return fut.result()
+
+    def list_namespaces(
+        self,
+        *,
+        prefix: Optional[NamespacePath] = None,
+        suffix: Optional[NamespacePath] = None,
+        max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+        limit: int = 100,
+        offset: int = 0,
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, ...]]:
+        fut: Future[list[tuple[str, ...]]] = Future()
+        match_conditions = []
+        if prefix:
+            match_conditions.append(MatchCondition(match_type="prefix", path=prefix))
+        if suffix:
+            match_conditions.append(MatchCondition(match_type="suffix", path=suffix))
+
+        op = ListNamespacesOp(
+            match_conditions=tuple(match_conditions),
+            max_depth=max_depth,
+            limit=limit,
+            offset=offset,
+        )
+        self._sync_queue[fut] = op
+        return fut.result()
+
+
+class SyncBatchedBaseStore(SyncBatchedBaseStoreMixin, BaseStore):
+    """Efficiently batch operations in a background thread."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("_sync_queue", "_sync_thread")
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._sync_queue: dict[Future, Op] = {}
+        self._sync_thread = threading.Thread(
+            target=_sync_run,
+            args=(self._sync_queue, weakref.ref(self)),
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+        self._sync_thread.start()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        # Signal the thread to stop
+        if self._sync_thread.is_alive():
+            empty_future: Future = Future()
+            self._sync_queue[empty_future] = None  # type: ignore
+            self._sync_thread.join()
+
+    async def abatch(self, ops: Iterable[Op]) -> list[Result]:
+        futures = []
+        for op in ops:
+            fut: Future[Result] = Future()
+            self._sync_queue[fut] = op
+            futures.append(fut)
+        return [fut.result() for fut in futures]
+
+
+class BatchedBaseStore(
+    AsyncBatchedBaseStoreMixin, SyncBatchedBaseStoreMixin, BaseStore
+):
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_sync_queue",
+        "_sync_thread",
+        "_task",
+        "_loop",
+        "_aqueue",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        # Setup async processing
+        self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self._aqueue: dict[asyncio.Future, Op] = {}
+        self._task = self._loop.create_task(_run(self._aqueue, weakref.ref(self)))
+
+        self._sync_queue: dict[Future, Op] = {}
+        self._sync_thread = threading.Thread(
+            target=_sync_run,
+            args=(self._sync_queue, weakref.ref(self)),
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+        self._sync_thread.start()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        # Signal the thread to stop
+        if self._sync_thread.is_alive():
+            empty_future: Future[None] = Future()
+            self._sync_queue[empty_future] = None  # type: ignore
+            self._sync_thread.join()
+
+        # Signal the thread to stop
+        if self._task is not None:
+            self._task.cancel()
+
+
+def _sync_run(queue: dict[Future, Op], store: weakref.ReferenceType[BaseStore]) -> None:
+    while True:
+        time.sleep(0.001)  # Yield to other threads
+        if not queue:
+            continue
+        if s := store():
+            # get the operations to run
+            taken = queue.copy()
+            # action each operation
+            try:
+                values = list(taken.values())
+                if None in values:  # Exit signal
+                    break
+                listen, dedupped = _dedupe_ops(values)
+                results = s.batch(dedupped)  # Note: Using sync batch here
+                if listen is not None:
+                    results = [results[ix] for ix in listen]
+
+                # set the results of each operation
+                for fut, result in zip(taken, results):
+                    fut.set_result(result)
+            except Exception as e:
+                for fut in taken:
+                    fut.set_exception(e)
+            # remove the operations from the queue
+            for fut in taken:
+                del queue[fut]
+        else:
+            break
+        # remove strong ref to store
+        del s