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fix #518
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lagleki committed Oct 12, 2024
1 parent 4408bb3 commit 34cd602
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34 changes: 17 additions & 17 deletions chapters/06.xml
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<title>


<indexterm type="general"><primary>The men are women</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm type="general"><primary>The cats are dogs</primary></indexterm>


<anchor xml:id="c6e2d3" />
</title>

<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>le nanmu cu ninmu</jbo>
<jbo>le mlatu cu gerku</jbo>
<gloss>
One-or-more-specific-things-which-I-describe-as
<quote>men</quote>
- is/are-women.
<quote>cats</quote>
- is/are-dogs.
</gloss>
<natlang>The man is a woman.</natlang>
<natlang>The men are women.</natlang>
<natlang>The cat is a dog.</natlang>
<natlang>The cats are dogs.</natlang>

</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
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</indexterm>
<xref linkend="example-random-id-PutX" />
is not self-contradictory in Lojban, because
<jbophrase>le nanmu</jbophrase>
merely means something or other which, for my present purposes, I choose to describe as a man, whether or not it really is a man. A plausible instance would be: someone we had assumed to be a man at a distance turned out to be actually a woman on closer observation.
<jbophrase>le mlatu</jbophrase>
merely means something or other which, for my present purposes, I choose to describe as a cat, whether or not it really is a cat. A plausible instance would be: some animal we had assumed to be a cat at a distance turned out to be actually a dog on closer observation.
<xref linkend="example-random-id-PutX" />
is what I would say to point out my observation to you.
</para>
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<indexterm type="general"><primary>specific descriptions</primary></indexterm>
In all descriptions with
<valsi>le</valsi>
, the listener is presumed to either know what I have in mind or else not to be concerned at present (perhaps I will give more identifying details later). In particular, I might be pointing at the supposed man or men:
, the listener is presumed to either know what I have in mind or else not to be concerned at present (perhaps I will give more identifying details later). In particular, I might be pointing at the supposed cat or cats:
<xref linkend="example-random-id-PutX" />
would then be perfectly intelligible, since
<jbophrase>le nanmu</jbophrase>
merely clarifies that I am pointing at the supposed man, not at a landscape, or a nose, which happens to lie in the same direction.
<jbophrase>le mlatu</jbophrase>
merely clarifies that I am pointing at the supposed cat, not at a landscape, or a nose, which happens to lie in the same direction.
</para>
<para>
<indexterm type="lojban-word"><primary>lo</primary><secondary>implications of</secondary>
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<title><anchor xml:id="c6e2d5" /></title>

<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>lo nanmu cu ninmu</jbo>
<gloss>That-which-really-is a-man - is-a-woman.</gloss>
<natlang>Some man is a woman.</natlang>
<natlang>Some men are women.</natlang>
<jbo>lo mlatu cu gerku</jbo>
<gloss>That-which-really-is a-cat - is-a-dog.</gloss>
<natlang>Some cat is a dog.</natlang>
<natlang>Some cats are dogs.</natlang>
</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
<para role="noindent">
must be false in Lojban, given that there are no objects in the real world which are both men and women. Pointing at some specific men or women would not make
must be false in Lojban, given that there are no objects in the real world which are both cats and dogs. Pointing at some specific cats or dogs would not make
<xref linkend="example-random-id-fSxN" />
true, because those specific individuals are no more both-men-and-women than any others. In general,
true, because those specific individuals are no more both-cat-and-dog than any others. In general,
<valsi>lo</valsi>
refers to whatever individuals meet its description.
</para>
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12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions chapters/08.xml
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<title><anchor xml:id="c8e5d3" /></title>

<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>le nanmu cu ninmu</jbo>
<gloss>That-which-I-describe-as a-man -- is-a-woman.</gloss>
<jbo>le mlatu cu gerku</jbo>
<gloss>That-which-I-describe-as a-cat -- is-a-dog.</gloss>
<natlang>
The
<quote>guy</quote>
is actually a gal.
<quote>cat</quote>
is actually a dog.
</natlang>
</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
<example xml:id="example-random-id-qmcE" role="interlinear-gloss-example">
<title><anchor xml:id="c8e5d4" /></title>

<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>ti voi nanmu cu ninmu</jbo>
<gloss>This-thing which-I-describe-as a-man -- is-a-woman.</gloss>
<jbo>ti voi mlatu cu gerku</jbo>
<gloss>This-thing which-I-describe-as a-cat -- is-a-dog.</gloss>
</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
<para role="noindent">
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