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Call OpenGL functions

OpenGL functions have the same name as the GL specification but without the namespace prefix ('gl', 'egl', 'wgl' and 'glX') and the argument type suffixes ('f', 'd', 'ui', etc...).

Gl.Viewport(0, 0, 800, 600);
Gl.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit);
Gl.Begin(PrimitiveType.Triangles);
Gl.Color3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Gl.Vertex2(0.0f, 0.0f);
Gl.Color3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); Gl.Vertex2(0.5f, 1.0f);
Gl.Color3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); Gl.Vertex2(1.0f, 0.0f);
Gl.End();

Set shader uniforms

• Simple uniforms

Gl.Uniform3(0, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // layout(location = 0) uniform vec3 v;
Gl.Uniform1(0, 1.0f);             // layout(location = 0) uniform float v;
Gl.Uniform1(0, 1);                // layout(location = 0) uniform int v;

You have also reference overloads: they takes a blittable structures with the proper layout.

Vertex3f v1 = Vertex3f.UnitX;
Gl.Uniform3f(0, 1 /* count */, ref v1); // layout(location = 0) uniform vec3 v;

• Matrices

Gl.UniformMatrix2(0, false, new[] { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f });                    // layout(location = 0) uniform mat2 m;
// Matrix types have (explicit) cast defined
Gl.UniformMatrix4(0, false, (float[])Matrix4x4f.Ortho2D(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)); // layout(location = 0) uniform mat4 m;

Altought the above lines are functional, they allocates an array. To avoid this performance issue, use reference overrides (note the suffix).

Matrix4x4f m = Matrix4x4f.Ortho2D(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
Gl.UniformMatrix4f(0, 1, false, ref m);                // layout(location = 0) uniform mat4 m;

Matrix4x4d dm = Matrix4x4d.Ortho2D(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
Gl.UniformMatrix4d(0, 1, false, ref dm);               // layout(location = 0) uniform dmat4 m;

• Arrays

Vertex4i[] v = new Vertex4i[4];
unsafe {
    fixed (Vertex4i* p_v = v) {
        Gl.Uniform4(0, v.Length, (int*)p_v);                   // layout(location = 0) uniform ivec4 v[4];
    }
}

Matrix4x4f m = new Matrix4x4f[16];
unsafe {
    fixed (Matrix4x4f* p_m = m) {
        Gl.UniformMatrix4f(0, m.Length, false, (float*)p_v);   // layout(location = 0) uniform mat4 m[16];
    }
}

Type safety is good, but it doesn't help here, and we have to deal with pointers; fortunately we have unsafe overloads.

Math

Using OpenGL.Net.Math package you can execute math on CPU. This is necessary for passing information to the shader programs. Available structures are matrices, vertices, and quaternions.

Vertices

• Basics

Vertex3f v1 = new Vertex3f(); // XYZ zeroed
Vertex2f v2 = new Vertex2f(1.0f, 2.0f);
Vertex4f v3 = new Vertex4f(2.3f); // XYZW have same values
Vertex2ui v4 = Vertex2ui.UnitX; // X unit vector

• Homogeneous coordinates

Vertex4f v1 = new Vertex4f(10.0f, 10.0f, 10.0f, 10.0f);
Vertex3f v2 = new Vertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
Vertex3f v3 = (Vertex3f)v1;

Debug.Assert(v3 == v2);

Matrices

• Create projection matrices

Matrix4x4f ortho = Matrix4x4f.Ortho(-1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
Matrix4x4f ortho2D = Matrix4x4f.Ortho2D(-1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f); // As above
Matrix4x4f perspective = Matrix4x4f.Perspective(45.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 1000.0f); // Symmetric

• Create model matrices

Matrix4x4f translate = Matrix4x4f.Translated(-1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f);
Matrix4x4f rotateX = Matrix4x4f.RotatedX(30.0f);
Matrix4x4f scale = Matrix4x4f.Scaled(0.1f, 1.0f, 2.0f);

• Create model-view-projection matrices

Matrix4x4f p = Matrix4x4f.Ortho(-1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, +1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
Matrix4x4f v = Matrix4x4f.Translated(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f).Inverse;
Matrix4x4f m = Matrix4x4f.Identity;

Matrix4x4f mvp = p * v * m;