DOI.ipynb

{
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   },
   "source": [
    "# DOI Negotiation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<div class=\"alert alert-warning\" role=\"alert\" style=\"margin: 10px\">\n",
    "Librerías que usaremos:<br>\n",
    "requests<br>\n",
    "json\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "import json"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 1 Introduction\n",
    "\n",
    "DOIs provide a persistent link to content. They identify many types of work, from journal articles to research data sets. Typically, someone interacting with DOIs will be a researcher, who will resolve DOIs found in scholarly references to content using a DOI resolver. Such researchers may not even realise they are using DOIs and a DOI resolver since they may follow links with embedded DOIs.\n",
    "\n",
    "Yet DOIs can provide more than a permanent, indirect link to content. DOI registration agencies such as CrossRef, DataCite and mEDRA collect bibliographic metadata about the works they link to. This metadata can be retrieved from a DOI resolver too, using content negotiation to request a particular representation of the metadata.\n",
    "\n",
    "For some DOIs content negotiation can be used to retrieve different representations of a work. For example, some DataCite DOIs identify data sets that may be available in a number of data formats and container formats.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "## 2 Redirection\n",
    "\n",
    "The DOI resolver at doi.org will normally redirect a user to the resource location of a DOI. For example, the DOI \"10.1126/science.169.3946.635\" redirects to a landing page describing the article, \"The Structure of Ordinary Water\". Content negotiated requests to doi.org that ask for a content type which isn't \"text/html\" will be redirected to a metadata service hosted by the DOI's registration agency. CrossRef, DataCite and mEDRA support content negotiated DOIs via https://data.crossref.org, https://data.datacite.org and http://data.medra.org respectively.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class=\"alert alert-warning\" role=\"alert\" style=\"margin: 10px\">\n",
    "\n",
    "       GET \"Accept: text/html\"\n",
    "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "                   |<br>\n",
    "                   |<br>\n",
    "                   |<br>\n",
    "                   V<br>\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "       Publisher landing page\n",
    "https://www.sciencemag.org/content/169/3946/635\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "Normal browser requests or explicit requests for text/html redirect to the content's landing page.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div class=\"alert alert-warning\" role=\"alert\" style=\"margin: 10px\">\n",
    "\n",
    "             GET \"Accept: application/rdf+xml\"\n",
    "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "                   |<br>\n",
    "                   |<br>\n",
    "                   |<br>\n",
    "                   V<br>\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "CrossRef metadata service\n",
    "http://data.crossref.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "Requests for a data type redirect to a registration agency's metadata service."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3 What is Content Negotiation?\n",
    "\n",
    "Content negotiation allows a user to request a particular representation of a web resource. DOI resolvers use content negotiation to provide different representations of metadata associated with DOIs.\n",
    "\n",
    "A content negotiated request to a DOI resolver is much like a standard HTTP request, except server-driven negotiation will take place based on the list of acceptable content types a client provides."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 3.1 The Accept Header\n",
    "\n",
    "Making a content negotiated request requires the use of a HTTP header, \"Accept\". Content types that are acceptable to the client (those that it knows how to parse), each with an optional \"quality\" value indicating its relative suitability. For example, a client that wishes to receive citeproc JSON if it is available, but which can also handle RDF XML if citeproc JSON is unavailable, would make a request with an Accept header listing both \"application/citeproc+json\" and \"application/rdf+xml\":"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
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    {
     "name": "stdout",
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      "</div></div><h1 property=\"name\">The Structure of Ordinary Water: <span class=\"subtitle\">New data and interpretations are yielding new insights into this fascinating substance.</span></h1><div class=\"contributors\"><span class=\"authors\"><span role=\"list\"><span property=\"author\" typeof=\"sa:ContributorRole\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"#con\"><span property=\"givenName\">Henry S.</span> <span property=\"familyName\">Frank</span></a></span></span></span></div><div class=\"self-citation\"><span property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"Periodical\"><span property=\"name\">Science</span></span> • <span property=\"datePublished\">14 Aug 1970</span> • <span class=\"core-enumeration\"><span property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"PublicationVolume\">Vol <span property=\"volumeNumber\">169</span></span><span class=\"delimiter\">, </span><span property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"PublicationIssue\">Issue <span property=\"issueNumber\">3946</span></span></span> • <span property=\"pagination\">pp. <span property=\"pageStart\">635</span>-<span property=\"pageEnd\">641</span></span> • <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\" property=\"sameAs\">DOI: 10.1126/science.169.3946.635</a></div><div class=\"info-panel\"><div class=\"info-panel__metrics info-panel__item\">\n",
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      "        <div data-permission=\"/servlet/linkout?type=rightslink&amp;url=startPage%3D635%26pageCount%3D7%26author%3DHenry%2BS.%2BFrank%26orderBeanReset%3Dtrue%26imprint%3DAmerican%2BAssociation%2Bfor%2Bthe%2BAdvancement%2Bof%2BScience%26volumeNum%3D169%26issueNum%3D3946%26contentID%3D10.1126%252Fscience.169.3946.635%26title%3DThe%2BStructure%2Bof%2BOrdinary%2BWater%26numPages%3D7%26issn%3D0036-8075%26publisherName%3DAAAS%26publication%3Dsci%26rpt%3Dn%26endPage%3D641%26publicationDate%3D08%252F14%252F1970\" class=\"article-tools\"><a href=\"/action/addCitationAlert?doi=10.1126%2Fscience.169.3946.635\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Notifications\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" class=\"article-tools__citation btn\"><i class=\"icon-bell\"></i></a><a href=\"/personalize/addFavoritePublication?doi=10.1126%2Fscience.169.3946.635\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bookmark\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" class=\"article-tools__favorite btn\"><i class=\"icon-bookmark\"></i></a></div>\n",
      "</div><div class=\"info-panel__citations info-panel__item\"><a href=\"#pill-citations\" title=\"cite\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" class=\"btn\"><i class=\"icon-citations\"></i></a></div><div class=\"info-panel__formats info-panel__item\"><!-- TODO: style the access denied button--><a href=\"#pill-purchase-access\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title=\"GET ACCESS\" class=\"btn btn__request-access ml-0\"><i class=\"icon-lock-open\"></i><span>get access</span></a></div></div></div></div></header><nav data-core-nav=\"article\"><ul xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"><li><a href=\"#abstract\">Abstract</a></li><li><a href=\"#bibliography\">References</a></li></ul></nav><div id=\"abstracts\"><div class=\"core-container\"><section id=\"abstract\" property=\"detailedDescription\" typeof=\"sa:Abstract\" role=\"doc-abstract\"><h2 property=\"name\">Abstract</h2><div role=\"paragraph\">The train of thought pursued in this article has led to the conclusion that the structure of cold water seems likely to consist, for the most part, of hydrogen-bonded, four-coordinated, framework regions, with interstitial monomers occupying some fraction of the cavities the framework encloses. The precise geometry of the framework has not been specified, but some evidence suggests that it is rather regular at low temperatures and becomes more random as the water gets warmer. These conclusions, meager as they are in comparison with what we shall eventually need to know about water, are still \"subject to change without notice.\" Such a change would, for instance, be made necessary by the discrediting either of the data or of the interpretations on which the model is based. The discovery of new facts, or of new meanings in old facts, which were clearly in conflict with the model, would also make it necessary to modify, if not to abandon, it. Even this would be progress, however, for it would be another product of the method of drawing upon data from diverse sources and would be a further step toward the progressively more comprehensive model to which this method will lead and the progressively greater confidence we will be able to place in our conclusions.</div></section></div></div></section><section id=\"backmatter\" property=\"sa:articleBackMatter\"><div class=\"core-container\"><section id=\"bibliography\" role=\"doc-bibliography\"><h2>References</h2><div role=\"doc-biblioentry\"><div id=\"REF1\" class=\"citations\"><div class=\"citation\"><div class=\"citation-content\">Waller, R., <em>Essayes of Natural Experiments</em> (1964).</div><div class=\"external-links\"><div><a href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Essayes+of+Natural+Experiments&amp;publication_year=1964\">Google Scholar</a></div></div></div></div></div><div role=\"doc-biblioentry\"><div id=\"REF2\" class=\"citations\"><div class=\"citation\"><div class=\"citation-content\"><em>PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS</em> <b><i>5</i></b>: 2020 (1670).</div><div class=\"external-links\"><div><a href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=PHILOSOPHICAL+TRANSACTIONS&amp;publication_year=1670&amp;pages=2020\">Google Scholar</a></div></div></div></div></div><div role=\"doc-biblioentry\"><div id=\"REF3\" class=\"citations\"><div class=\"citation\"><div class=\"citation-content\">Arnett, E. 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Authors</h2></header><section id=\"tab-information\" aria-labelledby=\"information\" role=\"tabpanel\"><h3>Information</h3><section class=\"core-self-citation\"><h4>Published In</h4><div class=\"core-journal-presentation\"><div class=\"core-journal-description\"><div property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"Periodical\"><span property=\"name\">Science</span></div><div class=\"core-enumeration\"><span property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"PublicationVolume\">Volume <span property=\"volumeNumber\">169</span></span> • <span property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"PublicationIssue\">Issue <span property=\"issueNumber\">3946</span></span> • <span property=\"datePublished\">14 August 1970</span></div><div class=\"core-pagination\"><span class=\"heading\">Pages</span>: <span class=\"content\"><span property=\"pageStart\">635</span> - <span property=\"pageEnd\">641</span></span></div></div></div></section><section class=\"core-copyright\"><h4>Copyright</h4><div role=\"paragraph\">© 1970.</div></section><section class=\"core-history\"><h4>History</h4><div>Published online: 14 August 1970</div></section><section class=\"core-permissions\"><h4>Permissions</h4><div>Request permissions for this article.</div><div><a href=\"#\">Request Permissions</a></div></section></section><section id=\"tab-contributors\" aria-labelledby=\"contributors\" role=\"tabpanel\"><h3>Authors</h3><section class=\"core-authors\"><h4>Affiliations</h4><div id=\"con\" property=\"author\" typeof=\"sa:ContributorRole\"><div class=\"heading\"><span property=\"givenName\">Henry S.</span> <span property=\"familyName\">Frank</span></div><div class=\"content\"><div class=\"affiliations\"><div property=\"organization\"><span property=\"name\">University of Pittsburgh, Mellon Institute of Carnegie-Mellon University</span></div></div><div class=\"core-author-link\"><a href=\"/authored-by/Frank/Henry+S\">View all articles by this author</a></div></div></div></section></section></div><div id=\"core-collateral-metrics\" role=\"tabpanel\"><header><h2><i class=\"icon-metrics\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i>Metrics &amp; 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      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        <h5>Published In</h5><div class=\"core-journal-presentation\"><div class=\"cover-image flat d-flex justify-content-center flex-column\"><div data-is-viewable=\"\" class=\"cover-image__image\"><img src=\"/cms/asset/932534cf-a08f-4adb-904d-b4555bc29dcc/default_cover.png\" alt=\"issue cover image\" loading=\"lazy\"></div></div><div class=\"core-journal-description\"><div property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"Periodical\"><span property=\"name\">Science</span></div><div class=\"core-enumeration\"><span property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"PublicationVolume\">Volume <span property=\"volumeNumber\">169</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0 5px;\" class=\"separator\">|</span><span property=\"isPartOf\" typeof=\"PublicationIssue\">Issue\t<span property=\"issueNumber\">3946</span></span><br><span property=\"datePublished\">14 August 1970</span></div></div></div>\n",
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      "        \n",
      "        <section id=\"cited-by\" class=\"cited-by\"><div class=\"cited-by__wrapper\"><div id=\"cited-by__content\" class=\"cited-by__content\"><ol data-source=\"\" data-lazyload=\"false\" class=\"cited-by__list list-unstyled\"><li class=\"cited-by__entry pb-3 mb-4 border-bottom\"><ul class=\"cited-by__entry__authors list-inline\"><li class=\"list-inline-item cited-by__entry__author\">Frank H. Stillinger, </li></ul><span class=\"cited-by__entry__title\">Water Revisited, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__series-title\">Science, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__volume\"><strong>209</strong>, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__issue\">4455, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__page-range\">(451-457), </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__pub-date\">(1980).</span><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.209.4455.451\" title=\"Abstract\" class=\"cited-by__entry__doi\">/doi/10.1126/science.209.4455.451</a><div class=\"cited-by__entry__extra-links\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.209.4455.451\" class=\"cited-by__entry__visitable\">Abstract</a></div></li><li class=\"cited-by__entry pb-3 mb-4 border-bottom\"><ul class=\"cited-by__entry__authors list-inline\"><li class=\"list-inline-item cited-by__entry__author\">Rustum Roy, </li></ul><span class=\"cited-by__entry__title\">Structure of Silica Glass, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__series-title\">Science, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__volume\"><strong>184</strong>, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__issue\">4132, </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__page-range\">(91-92), </span><span class=\"cited-by__entry__pub-date\">(1974).</span><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.184.4132.91\" title=\"Abstract\" class=\"cited-by__entry__doi\">/doi/10.1126/science.184.4132.91</a><div class=\"cited-by__entry__extra-links\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.184.4132.91\" class=\"cited-by__entry__visitable\">Abstract</a></div></li></ol></div><div class=\"cited-by__spinner justify-content-center align-items-center d-none\"><div role=\"status\" class=\"spinner-border text-gray\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Loading...</span></div></div></div></section>\n",
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      "        \n",
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      "</div></div><!-- Desktop aside--><div class=\"col-12 d-none d-xl-block col-xl-4 article-aside fade pb-edit--visible\"><aside class=\"h-100\"><div class=\"bg-white article-aside--spacer\"></div><div class=\"bg-very-light-gray h-100 px-1x px-xl-3 ml-xl-3 pt-2x pt-xl-4x pb-4\"><section><div class=\"current-issue-aside\"><h4 class=\"h4 main-title-2--decorated\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Current Issue\n",
      "</h4><div class=\"current-issue-aside__content\"><div class=\"current-issue-aside__cover\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        <div class=\"cover-image flat  d-flex justify-content-center flex-column\"><div data-is-viewable=\"true\" class=\"cover-image__image\"><a href=\"/toc/science/374/6570\" title=\"Go to Science \" class=\"d-block\"><img src=\"/cms/asset/92035bd9-c243-4b52-8530-6eeedf896fbf/science.2021.374.issue-6570.cover.jpg\" alt=\"Go to Science \" loading=\"lazy\"/></a></div></div>\n",
      "</div><div class=\"current-issue-aside__multisearch pt-0 pt-md-3 pt-xl-0 pl-0 pl-md-3 pl-xl-0\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "<div class=\"multi-search\"><div><article class=\"card-do\"><div class=\"card-content\"><div class=\"card-header\"><h3 class=\"card__title\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.abd8887\" title=\"The X chromosome dosage compensation program during the development of cynomolgus monkeys\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">The X chromosome dosage compensation program during the development of cynomolgus monkeys</a></h3><ul class=\"card-meta align-middle pl-0\"><li data-visible-items-sm=\"2\" data-visible-items-md=\"4\" data-visible-items=\"9\" data-truncate-less=\"less\" data-truncate-more=\"authors\" data-truncate-dots=\"true\" class=\"card-meta__item card-contribs list-inline-item authors-truncate text-uppercase comma-separated mb-0\"><span>By</span><ul class=\"list-inline comma-separated\" title=\"list of authors\">\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Ikuhiro Okamoto</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Tomonori Nakamura</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span>et al.</span></li>\n",
      "</ul>\n",
      "</li></ul></div></div></article><article class=\"card-do\"><div class=\"card-content\"><div class=\"card-header\"><h3 class=\"card__title\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.abe7365\" title=\"Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction</a></h3><ul class=\"card-meta align-middle pl-0\"><li data-visible-items-sm=\"2\" data-visible-items-md=\"4\" data-visible-items=\"9\" data-truncate-less=\"less\" data-truncate-more=\"authors\" data-truncate-dots=\"true\" class=\"card-meta__item card-contribs list-inline-item authors-truncate text-uppercase comma-separated mb-0\"><span>By</span><ul class=\"list-inline comma-separated\" title=\"list of authors\">\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Mitchell B. Lee</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Cristal M. Hill</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span>et al.</span></li>\n",
      "</ul>\n",
      "</li></ul></div></div></article><article class=\"card-do\"><div class=\"card-content\"><div class=\"card-header\"><h3 class=\"card__title\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.abe8526\" title=\"A viral RNA hijacks host machinery using dynamic conformational changes of a tRNA-like structure\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">A viral RNA hijacks host machinery using dynamic conformational changes of a tRNA-like structure</a></h3><ul class=\"card-meta align-middle pl-0\"><li data-visible-items-sm=\"2\" data-visible-items-md=\"4\" data-visible-items=\"9\" data-truncate-less=\"less\" data-truncate-more=\"authors\" data-truncate-dots=\"true\" class=\"card-meta__item card-contribs list-inline-item authors-truncate text-uppercase comma-separated mb-0\"><span>By</span><ul class=\"list-inline comma-separated\" title=\"list of authors\">\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Steve L. Bonilla</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Madeline E. Sherlock</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span>et al.</span></li>\n",
      "</ul>\n",
      "</li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class=\"d-flex justify-content-end btn--more__wrapper\"><a href=\"/toc/science/current\" class=\"btn btn--more animation-icon-shift text-uppercase font-weight-bold\"><span>Table of Contents</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-arrow-right\"></span></a></div></div>\n",
      "\n",
      "</div></div></div><div class=\"mt-3x mb-2_5x\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        <div data-widget-def=\"literatumAd\" data-widget-id=\"106d7602-3d8b-48c0-a03f-42c846f9dc6d\" class=\"text-center\">\n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        <div class=\"pb-ad\">\n",
      "              <div class=\"adplaceholder exists\">\n",
      "    <h4 class=\"adplaceholder__title overline text-uppercase\">Advertisement</h4>\n",
      "    <div id=\"div-gpt-ad-rectangle\" class=\"weby-gam\" network_code=\"21824331052\"></div>\n",
      "  </div>\n",
      "\n",
      "        </div>\n",
      "    \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        </div>\n",
      "    \n",
      "</div></section><section>\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        <h4 class=\"main-title-2--decorated h4\">LATEST NEWS</h4>\n",
      "<div class=\"mt-4\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "<div class=\"multi-search\"><div class=\"multi-search--news-article-aside\">\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/all-news\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>News</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/next-generation-deep-brain-stimulation-aims-tackle-depression\" title=\"Next generation of deep brain stimulation aims to tackle depression\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tNext generation of deep brain stimulation aims to tackle depression\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/scienceinsider\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>ScienceInsider</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/black-students-take-more-debt-and-get-fewer-slots-grants-data-show\" title=\"Black students take on more debt and get fewer slots on grants, data show\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tBlack students take on more debt and get fewer slots on grants, data show\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/scienceinsider\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>ScienceInsider</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/house-science-committee-chair-leaves-bipartisan-legacy-she-bids-farewell\" title=\"House science committee chair leaves bipartisan legacy as she bids farewell\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tHouse science committee chair leaves bipartisan legacy as she bids farewell\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/all-news\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>News</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov. 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/pesticides-can-harm-bees-twice-larvae-and-adults\" title=\"Pesticides can harm bees twice—as larvae and adults\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tPesticides can harm bees twice—as larvae and adults\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/all-news\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>News</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">19 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/chemical-emitted-babies-could-make-men-more-docile-women-more-aggressive\" title=\"Chemical emitted by babies could make men more docile, women more aggressive\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tChemical emitted by babies could make men more docile, women more aggressive\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/scienceinsider\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>ScienceInsider</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">19 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/europe-s-space-agency-dreams-launching-its-own-astronauts-amid-ambitious-accelerator-plans\" title=\"Europe’s space agency dreams of launching its own astronauts amid ambitious ‘Accelerator’ plans\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tEurope’s space agency dreams of launching its own astronauts amid ambitious ‘Accelerator’ plans\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "</div></div>\n",
      "\n",
      "</div><div class=\"mt-3x mb-2_5x\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        <div data-widget-def=\"literatumAd\" data-widget-id=\"b47614b2-24da-46dc-a4c7-99ec14a46b4f\" class=\"text-center\">\n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        <div class=\"pb-ad\">\n",
      "            <div class=\"adplaceholder exists\">\n",
      "    <h4 class=\"adplaceholder__title overline text-uppercase\">Advertisement</h4>\n",
      "    <div id=\"div-gpt-ad-tower\" class=\"weby-gam\" network_code=\"21824331052\"></div>\n",
      "</div>\n",
      "\n",
      "        </div>\n",
      "    \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        </div>\n",
      "    \n",
      "</div></section><section><div class=\"mt-4\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        <div class=\"show-recommended related-content pop-notification pop-after-passed\" data-visible-after=\"40%\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><div data-ajaxurl=\"/pb/widgets/ux3/ux3-showRecommend?widgetId=1b430285-c4ca-4a09-ad0f-dc5767e0dc68&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.169.3946.635&amp;pbContext=%3Barticle%3Aarticle%3Adoi%5C%3A10.1126%2Fscience.169.3946.635%3Bissue%3Aissue%3Adoi%5C%3A10.1126%2Fscience.1970.169.issue-3946%3Bpage%3Astring%3AArticle%2FChapter+View%3BrequestedJournal%3Ajournal%3Ascience%3Bctype%3Astring%3AJournal+Content%3BsubPage%3Astring%3AAbstract%3Bwebsite%3Awebsite%3Aaaas-site%3Bjournal%3Ajournal%3Ascience%3Bwgroup%3Astring%3APublication+Websites%3BpageGroup%3Astring%3APublication+Pages\" class=\"show-recommended-placeholder\"></div></div>\n",
      "</div></section><section class=\"sticky-ads mt-3x mb-2_5x\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        <div data-widget-def=\"literatumAd\" data-widget-id=\"1601f2fa-fe69-4370-99db-3719466dbb17\" class=\"sticky-ads text-center\">\n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        <div class=\"pb-ad\">\n",
      "            <div class=\"adplaceholder exists\">\n",
      "<h4 class=\"adplaceholder__title overline text-uppercase\">Advertisement</h4>\n",
      "<div id=\"div-gpt-ad-rectangle-sticky\" class=\"weby-gam\" network_code=\"21824331052\">\n",
      "</div></div>\n",
      "        </div>\n",
      "    \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        </div>\n",
      "    \n",
      "</section></div></aside></div></div></div><!-- Tablet/mobile aside--><div class=\"bg-very-light-gray h-100 px-1x px-xl-3 ml-xl-3 pt-2x pt-xl-4x pb-4 d-xl-none pb-edit--visible\"><div class=\"container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-8\"><section><div class=\"current-issue-aside\"><h4 class=\"h4 main-title-2--decorated\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Current Issue\n",
      "</h4><div class=\"current-issue-aside__content\"><div class=\"current-issue-aside__cover\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        <div class=\"cover-image flat  d-flex justify-content-center flex-column\"><div data-is-viewable=\"true\" class=\"cover-image__image\"><a href=\"/toc/science/374/6570\" title=\"Go to Science \" class=\"d-block\"><img src=\"/cms/asset/92035bd9-c243-4b52-8530-6eeedf896fbf/science.2021.374.issue-6570.cover.jpg\" alt=\"Go to Science \" loading=\"lazy\"/></a></div></div>\n",
      "</div><div class=\"current-issue-aside__multisearch pt-0 pt-md-3 pt-xl-0 pl-0 pl-md-3 pl-xl-0\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "<div class=\"multi-search\"><div><article class=\"card-do\"><div class=\"card-content\"><div class=\"card-header\"><h3 class=\"card__title\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.abd8887\" title=\"The X chromosome dosage compensation program during the development of cynomolgus monkeys\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">The X chromosome dosage compensation program during the development of cynomolgus monkeys</a></h3><ul class=\"card-meta align-middle pl-0\"><li data-visible-items-sm=\"2\" data-visible-items-md=\"4\" data-visible-items=\"9\" data-truncate-less=\"less\" data-truncate-more=\"authors\" data-truncate-dots=\"true\" class=\"card-meta__item card-contribs list-inline-item authors-truncate text-uppercase comma-separated mb-0\"><span>By</span><ul class=\"list-inline comma-separated\" title=\"list of authors\">\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Ikuhiro Okamoto</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Tomonori Nakamura</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span>et al.</span></li>\n",
      "</ul>\n",
      "</li></ul></div></div></article><article class=\"card-do\"><div class=\"card-content\"><div class=\"card-header\"><h3 class=\"card__title\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.abe7365\" title=\"Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction</a></h3><ul class=\"card-meta align-middle pl-0\"><li data-visible-items-sm=\"2\" data-visible-items-md=\"4\" data-visible-items=\"9\" data-truncate-less=\"less\" data-truncate-more=\"authors\" data-truncate-dots=\"true\" class=\"card-meta__item card-contribs list-inline-item authors-truncate text-uppercase comma-separated mb-0\"><span>By</span><ul class=\"list-inline comma-separated\" title=\"list of authors\">\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Mitchell B. Lee</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Cristal M. Hill</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span>et al.</span></li>\n",
      "</ul>\n",
      "</li></ul></div></div></article><article class=\"card-do\"><div class=\"card-content\"><div class=\"card-header\"><h3 class=\"card__title\"><a href=\"/doi/10.1126/science.abe8526\" title=\"A viral RNA hijacks host machinery using dynamic conformational changes of a tRNA-like structure\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">A viral RNA hijacks host machinery using dynamic conformational changes of a tRNA-like structure</a></h3><ul class=\"card-meta align-middle pl-0\"><li data-visible-items-sm=\"2\" data-visible-items-md=\"4\" data-visible-items=\"9\" data-truncate-less=\"less\" data-truncate-more=\"authors\" data-truncate-dots=\"true\" class=\"card-meta__item card-contribs list-inline-item authors-truncate text-uppercase comma-separated mb-0\"><span>By</span><ul class=\"list-inline comma-separated\" title=\"list of authors\">\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Steve L. Bonilla</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Madeline E. Sherlock</span></li>\n",
      "   <li class=\"list-inline-item\"><span>et al.</span></li>\n",
      "</ul>\n",
      "</li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class=\"d-flex justify-content-end btn--more__wrapper\"><a href=\"/toc/science/current\" class=\"btn btn--more animation-icon-shift text-uppercase font-weight-bold\"><span>Table of Contents</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-arrow-right\"></span></a></div></div>\n",
      "\n",
      "</div></div></div><div class=\"d-md-none mt-2x pb-edit-visible\"></div></section><section class=\"mt-2x\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        <h4 class=\"main-title-2--decorated h4\">LATEST NEWS</h4>\n",
      "<div class=\"mt-3\">\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "        \n",
      "        \n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "<div class=\"multi-search\"><div class=\"multi-search--news-article-aside\">\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/all-news\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>News</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/next-generation-deep-brain-stimulation-aims-tackle-depression\" title=\"Next generation of deep brain stimulation aims to tackle depression\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tNext generation of deep brain stimulation aims to tackle depression\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/scienceinsider\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>ScienceInsider</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/black-students-take-more-debt-and-get-fewer-slots-grants-data-show\" title=\"Black students take on more debt and get fewer slots on grants, data show\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tBlack students take on more debt and get fewer slots on grants, data show\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/scienceinsider\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>ScienceInsider</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/house-science-committee-chair-leaves-bipartisan-legacy-she-bids-farewell\" title=\"House science committee chair leaves bipartisan legacy as she bids farewell\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tHouse science committee chair leaves bipartisan legacy as she bids farewell\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/all-news\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>News</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">22 Nov. 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/pesticides-can-harm-bees-twice-larvae-and-adults\" title=\"Pesticides can harm bees twice—as larvae and adults\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tPesticides can harm bees twice—as larvae and adults\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/all-news\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>News</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">19 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/chemical-emitted-babies-could-make-men-more-docile-women-more-aggressive\" title=\"Chemical emitted by babies could make men more docile, women more aggressive\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tChemical emitted by babies could make men more docile, women more aggressive\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "\n",
      "<article class=\"card-do card-do--news-feature border-bottom border-light-gray card-do--news-article-aside pb-3 mb-3\">\n",
      "\t<div class=\"card-content\">\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-meta text-uppercase\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<span class=\"card-meta__category\"><a href=\"/news/scienceinsider\" class=\"text-decoration-none\"><span>ScienceInsider</span></a></span><time class=\"border-left\">19 Nov 2021</time>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t\t<div class=\"card-header mb-2\">\n",
      "\t\t\t<a href=\"/content/article/europe-s-space-agency-dreams-launching-its-own-astronauts-amid-ambitious-accelerator-plans\" title=\"Europe’s space agency dreams of launching its own astronauts amid ambitious ‘Accelerator’ plans\" class=\"text-reset animation-underline\">\n",
      "\t\t\t\tEurope’s space agency dreams of launching its own astronauts amid ambitious ‘Accelerator’ plans\n",
      "\t\t\t</a>\n",
      "\t\t</div>\n",
      "\t</div>\n",
      "</article>\n",
      "</div></div>\n",
      "\n",
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      "                            </a>\n",
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      "</body>\n",
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      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "\n",
    "url = \"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\" #DOI solver URL\n",
    "r = requests.get(url) #GET without headers\n",
    "print(r.status_code)\n",
    "print(r.text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "200\n",
      "<rdf:RDF\n",
      "    xmlns:rdf=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#\"\n",
      "    xmlns:j.0=\"http://purl.org/dc/terms/\"\n",
      "    xmlns:j.1=\"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.1/\"\n",
      "    xmlns:owl=\"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#\"\n",
      "    xmlns:j.2=\"http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/\"\n",
      "    xmlns:j.3=\"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/\">\n",
      "  <rdf:Description rdf:about=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\">\n",
      "    <j.1:startingPage>635</j.1:startingPage>\n",
      "    <owl:sameAs rdf:resource=\"doi:10.1126/science.169.3946.635\"/>\n",
      "    <owl:sameAs rdf:resource=\"info:doi/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\"/>\n",
      "    <j.0:identifier>10.1126/science.169.3946.635</j.0:identifier>\n",
      "    <j.0:publisher>American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)</j.0:publisher>\n",
      "    <j.0:creator>\n",
      "      <j.3:Person rdf:about=\"http://id.crossref.org/contributor/h-s-frank-3new7r2ulpnaj\">\n",
      "        <j.3:name>H. S. Frank</j.3:name>\n",
      "        <j.3:familyName>Frank</j.3:familyName>\n",
      "        <j.3:givenName>H. S.</j.3:givenName>\n",
      "      </j.3:Person>\n",
      "    </j.0:creator>\n",
      "    <j.1:doi>10.1126/science.169.3946.635</j.1:doi>\n",
      "    <j.2:pageEnd>641</j.2:pageEnd>\n",
      "    <j.2:doi>10.1126/science.169.3946.635</j.2:doi>\n",
      "    <j.2:volume>169</j.2:volume>\n",
      "    <j.0:isPartOf>\n",
      "      <j.2:Journal rdf:about=\"http://id.crossref.org/issn/0036-8075\">\n",
      "        <j.1:issn>1095-9203</j.1:issn>\n",
      "        <j.2:issn>1095-9203</j.2:issn>\n",
      "        <owl:sameAs>urn:issn:1095-9203</owl:sameAs>\n",
      "        <owl:sameAs>urn:issn:0036-8075</owl:sameAs>\n",
      "        <j.0:title>Science</j.0:title>\n",
      "        <j.1:issn>0036-8075</j.1:issn>\n",
      "        <j.2:issn>0036-8075</j.2:issn>\n",
      "      </j.2:Journal>\n",
      "    </j.0:isPartOf>\n",
      "    <j.0:title>The Structure of Ordinary Water: New data and interpretations are yielding new insights into this fascinating substance</j.0:title>\n",
      "    <j.1:endingPage>641</j.1:endingPage>\n",
      "    <j.0:date rdf:datatype=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date\"\n",
      "    >1970-08-14</j.0:date>\n",
      "    <j.1:volume>169</j.1:volume>\n",
      "    <j.2:pageStart>635</j.2:pageStart>\n",
      "  </rdf:Description>\n",
      "</rdf:RDF>\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "url = \"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\" #DOI solver URL\n",
    "headers = {'Accept': 'application/rdf+xml;q=0.5'} #Type of response accpeted\n",
    "r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) #GET with headers\n",
    "print(r.status_code)\n",
    "print(r.text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## JSON - JavaScript Object Notation\n",
    "When exchanging data between a browser and a server, the data can only be text.\n",
    "\n",
    "JSON is text, and we can convert any JavaScript object into JSON, and send JSON to the server.\n",
    "\n",
    "Similar to XML\n",
    "\n",
    "We can also convert any JSON received from the server into JavaScript objects.\n",
    "\n",
    "This way we can work with the data as JavaScript objects, with no complicated parsing and translations.\n",
    "\n",
    "Different python libraries are oriented to manage JSON objects or files, and the information can be parsed easily. From the previous request, we can get the answer in JSON format and store it in a variable:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Status code: 200\n",
      "Response: {\"indexed\":{\"date-parts\":[[2019,5,31]],\"date-time\":\"2019-05-31T13:23:10Z\",\"timestamp\":1559308990636},\"reference-count\":0,\"publisher\":\"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)\",\"issue\":\"3946\",\"content-domain\":{\"domain\":[],\"crossmark-restriction\":false},\"published-print\":{\"date-parts\":[[1970,8,14]]},\"DOI\":\"10.1126\\/science.169.3946.635\",\"type\":\"article-journal\",\"created\":{\"date-parts\":[[2006,10,5]],\"date-time\":\"2006-10-05T12:56:56Z\",\"timestamp\":1160053016000},\"page\":\"635-641\",\"source\":\"Crossref\",\"is-referenced-by-count\":73,\"title\":\"The Structure of Ordinary Water: New data and interpretations are yielding new insights into this fascinating substance\",\"prefix\":\"10.1126\",\"volume\":\"169\",\"author\":[{\"given\":\"H. S.\",\"family\":\"Frank\",\"sequence\":\"first\",\"affiliation\":[]}],\"member\":\"221\",\"container-title\":\"Science\",\"original-title\":[],\"language\":\"en\",\"link\":[{\"URL\":\"https:\\/\\/syndication.highwire.org\\/content\\/doi\\/10.1126\\/science.169.3946.635\",\"content-type\":\"unspecified\",\"content-version\":\"vor\",\"intended-application\":\"similarity-checking\"}],\"deposited\":{\"date-parts\":[[2016,12,23]],\"date-time\":\"2016-12-23T19:54:07Z\",\"timestamp\":1482522847000},\"score\":1.0,\"subtitle\":[],\"short-title\":[],\"issued\":{\"date-parts\":[[1970,8,14]]},\"references-count\":0,\"journal-issue\":{\"published-print\":{\"date-parts\":[[1970,8,14]]},\"issue\":\"3946\"},\"URL\":\"http:\\/\\/dx.doi.org\\/10.1126\\/science.169.3946.635\",\"relation\":{},\"ISSN\":[\"0036-8075\",\"1095-9203\"],\"container-title-short\":\"Science\"}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "url = \"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\" #DOI solver URL\n",
    "headers = {'Accept': 'application/json'} #Type of response accpeted\n",
    "r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) #GET with headers\n",
    "print(\"Status code: %s\" % r.status_code) #200 means that the resource exists\n",
    "print(\"Response: %s\" % r.text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 3.2 Response Codes\n",
    "\n",
    "Code\tMeaning<br>\n",
    "200\tThe request was OK.<br>\n",
    "204\tThe request was OK but there was no metadata available.<br>\n",
    "404\tThe DOI requested doesn't exist.<br>\n",
    "406\tCan't serve any requested content type.<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "Individual metadata services may utilise additional response codes but they will always use the response codes above in event of the case described.\n",
    "\n",
    "If multiple content types specified by the client are supported by a DOI then the content type with the highest \"q\" value (or, if no \"q\" values are specified, the one that appears first in the \"accept\" header) will be returned.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "After ask for a json response, if we get a 200, we can transform that received text into JSON"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2019, 5, 31]], 'date-time': '2019-05-31T13:23:10Z', 'timestamp': 1559308990636}, 'reference-count': 0, 'publisher': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)', 'issue': '3946', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[1970, 8, 14]]}, 'DOI': '10.1126/science.169.3946.635', 'type': 'article-journal', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2006, 10, 5]], 'date-time': '2006-10-05T12:56:56Z', 'timestamp': 1160053016000}, 'page': '635-641', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 73, 'title': 'The Structure of Ordinary Water: New data and interpretations are yielding new insights into this fascinating substance', 'prefix': '10.1126', 'volume': '169', 'author': [{'given': 'H. S.', 'family': 'Frank', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '221', 'container-title': 'Science', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [{'URL': 'https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.169.3946.635', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': {'date-parts': [[2016, 12, 23]], 'date-time': '2016-12-23T19:54:07Z', 'timestamp': 1482522847000}, 'score': 1.0, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[1970, 8, 14]]}, 'references-count': 0, 'journal-issue': {'published-print': {'date-parts': [[1970, 8, 14]]}, 'issue': '3946'}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0036-8075', '1095-9203'], 'container-title-short': 'Science'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = json.loads(r.text) #Data is now a json object\n",
    "print(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In order to know the different elements in the JSON, we can run a loop:\n",
    "<div class=\"alert alert-warning\" role=\"alert\" style=\"margin: 10px\">\n",
    "Remember \"tags\" in XML?\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "indexed\n",
      "reference-count\n",
      "publisher\n",
      "issue\n",
      "content-domain\n",
      "published-print\n",
      "DOI\n",
      "type\n",
      "created\n",
      "page\n",
      "source\n",
      "is-referenced-by-count\n",
      "title\n",
      "prefix\n",
      "volume\n",
      "author\n",
      "member\n",
      "container-title\n",
      "original-title\n",
      "language\n",
      "link\n",
      "deposited\n",
      "score\n",
      "subtitle\n",
      "short-title\n",
      "issued\n",
      "references-count\n",
      "journal-issue\n",
      "URL\n",
      "relation\n",
      "ISSN\n",
      "container-title-short\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for elem in data:\n",
    "    print(elem)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For getting the value, it works like \"dictionary\" in python (Key-Value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data['URL']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can also print both keys and values to know the JSON structure"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "indexed : {'date-parts': [[2019, 5, 31]], 'date-time': '2019-05-31T13:23:10Z', 'timestamp': 1559308990636}\n",
      "reference-count : 0\n",
      "publisher : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)\n",
      "issue : 3946\n",
      "content-domain : {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}\n",
      "published-print : {'date-parts': [[1970, 8, 14]]}\n",
      "DOI : 10.1126/science.169.3946.635\n",
      "type : article-journal\n",
      "created : {'date-parts': [[2006, 10, 5]], 'date-time': '2006-10-05T12:56:56Z', 'timestamp': 1160053016000}\n",
      "page : 635-641\n",
      "source : Crossref\n",
      "is-referenced-by-count : 73\n",
      "title : The Structure of Ordinary Water: New data and interpretations are yielding new insights into this fascinating substance\n",
      "prefix : 10.1126\n",
      "volume : 169\n",
      "author : [{'given': 'H. S.', 'family': 'Frank', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}]\n",
      "member : 221\n",
      "container-title : Science\n",
      "original-title : []\n",
      "language : en\n",
      "link : [{'URL': 'https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.169.3946.635', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}]\n",
      "deposited : {'date-parts': [[2016, 12, 23]], 'date-time': '2016-12-23T19:54:07Z', 'timestamp': 1482522847000}\n",
      "score : 1.0\n",
      "subtitle : []\n",
      "short-title : []\n",
      "issued : {'date-parts': [[1970, 8, 14]]}\n",
      "references-count : 0\n",
      "journal-issue : {'published-print': {'date-parts': [[1970, 8, 14]]}, 'issue': '3946'}\n",
      "URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\n",
      "relation : {}\n",
      "ISSN : ['0036-8075', '1095-9203']\n",
      "container-title-short : Science\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for elem in data:\n",
    "    print(elem,\":\", data[elem])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 4 Formatted Citations\n",
    "\n",
    "CrossRef, DataCite and similar services support formatted citations via the text/bibliography content type. These are the output of the Citation Style Language processor, citeproc-js. The content type can take two additional parameters to customise its response format. A \"style\" can be chosen from the list of style names found in the CSL style repository. Many styles are supported, including common styles such as apa and harvard3:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "200\n",
      " @article{1970, title={The Structure of Ordinary Water}, volume={169}, ISSN={1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635}, DOI={10.1126/science.169.3946.635}, number={3946}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Frank, Henry S.}, year={1970}, month={Aug}, pages={635â641}}\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "url = \"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3946.635\" #DOI solver URL\n",
    "headers = {'Accept': 'text/x-bibliography; style=bibtex'} #Type of response accpeted\n",
    "r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) #POST with headers\n",
    "print(r.status_code)\n",
    "print(r.text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Let's try with a DOI at Zenodo"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "200\n",
      "{\n",
      "  \"type\": \"dataset\",\n",
      "  \"id\": \"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.842715\",\n",
      "  \"categories\": [\n",
      "    \"Cuerda del Pozo\",\n",
      "    \"Reservoir\",\n",
      "    \"Freshwater\",\n",
      "    \"Water Quality\",\n",
      "    \"AMT\",\n",
      "    \"beginDate:'2010-01-01'\",\n",
      "    \"endDate:'2010-12-31'\",\n",
      "    \"location:'CdP'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'Temp'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'Press'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'Cond'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'Salinity'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'DO'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'rawO2'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'OxySat'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'ph'\",\n",
      "    \"attributeLabel:'redox'\",\n",
      "    \"gnd:2010-01-01\"\n",
      "  ],\n",
      "  \"author\": [\n",
      "    {\n",
      "      \"family\": \"Aguilar\",\n",
      "      \"given\": \"Fernando\"\n",
      "    },\n",
      "    {\n",
      "      \"family\": \"Marco\",\n",
      "      \"given\": \"Jesús\"\n",
      "    },\n",
      "    {\n",
      "      \"family\": \"Monteoliva\",\n",
      "      \"given\": \"Agustín\"\n",
      "    }\n",
      "  ],\n",
      "  \"issued\": {\n",
      "    \"date-parts\": [\n",
      "      [\n",
      "        2017,\n",
      "        8,\n",
      "        14\n",
      "      ]\n",
      "    ]\n",
      "  },\n",
      "  \"abstract\": \"AMT data from Cuerda del Pozo Reservoir in 2010. It includes: Temperature, Pressure, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, raw O2, Oxygen saturation, ph and redex values.\",\n",
      "  \"DOI\": \"10.5281/ZENODO.842715\",\n",
      "  \"publisher\": \"Zenodo\",\n",
      "  \"title\": \"Amt Cuerda Del Pozo 2010\",\n",
      "  \"URL\": \"https://zenodo.org/record/842715\",\n",
      "  \"copyright\": \"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0\"\n",
      "}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "url = \"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.842715\" #DOI solver URL\n",
    "headers = {'Accept': 'application/vnd.citationstyles.csl+json;q=1.0'} #Type of response accpeted\n",
    "r = requests.post(url, headers=headers) #POST with headers\n",
    "print(r.status_code)\n",
    "print(r.text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Exercise 1\n",
    "Show title and description"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Title: Amt Cuerda Del Pozo 2010\n",
      "Abstract: AMT data from Cuerda del Pozo Reservoir in 2010. It includes: Temperature, Pressure, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, raw O2, Oxygen saturation, ph and redex values.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = json.loads(r.text)\n",
    "print('Title:', data['title'])\n",
    "print('Abstract:', data['abstract'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Solving PIDs\n",
    "With Handle"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "By default, handle redirects you to the URL field in PID"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "200\n",
      "<HTML>\n",
      "<HEAD>\n",
      "<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"Content-Type\" CONTENT=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\">\n",
      "<META NAME=\"Generator\" CONTENT=\"Microsoft Word 97\">\n",
      "<TITLE>License for PYTHON 1.6.1</TITLE>\n",
      "</HEAD>\n",
      "<BODY LINK=\"#0000ff\" VLINK=\"#800080\">\n",
      "\n",
      "<FONT FACE=\"Century Schoolbook\">\n",
      "<P>&nbsp;</P>\n",
      "<P ALIGN=\"CENTER\">PYTHON 1.6.1</P>\n",
      "<P ALIGN=\"CENTER\">PYTHON 1.6.1 LICENSE AGREEMENT<BR>\n",
      "</P>\n",
      "<P>1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191 (\"CNRI\"), and the Individual or Organization (\"Licensee\") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation.</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P>2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., \"Copyright(c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights Reserved\" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): \"Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet using the following URL: </FONT><A HREF=\"http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013\"><FONT FACE=\"Century Schoolbook\">http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013</FONT></A><FONT FACE=\"Century Schoolbook\">\".</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P>3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P>4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an \"AS IS\" basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P>5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P>6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of its terms and conditions.</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P>7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal intellectual \n",
      "property law of the United States, including without limitation the federal \n",
      "copyright law, and, to the extent such U.S. federal law does not apply, by \n",
      "the law of the Commonwealth of Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law\n",
      "provisions.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works \n",
      "based on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was\n",
      "previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law\n",
      "of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only \n",
      "as to issues arising under or with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this \n",
      "License Agreement. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party.</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P>8. By clicking on the \"ACCEPT\" button where indicated, or by copying, installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.</P>\n",
      "\n",
      "<P ALIGN=\"CENTER\">ACCEPT</P>\n",
      "<P></P></FONT></BODY>\n",
      "</HTML>\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "\n",
    "url = \"http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013\" #PID solver URL\n",
    "r = requests.get(url) #GET\n",
    "print(r.status_code)\n",
    "print(r.text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The handle System has different options that we can manage:\n",
    "\n",
    "http://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html\n",
    "\n",
    "For example, we can tell the server not to redirect to URL field:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "200\n",
      "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\n",
      "\n",
      "<html><head><title>Handle Proxy</title></head>\n",
      "\n",
      "<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\n",
      "\n",
      "<a href=\"http://www.handle.net\">\n",
      "<img src=\"/static/images/res_tool.gif\" width=\"270\" height=\"40\" alt=\"Handle.net Logo\" border=0></a>\n",
      "\n",
      "<table width=\"100%\">\n",
      "<tbody>\n",
      "<tr><th colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\" bgcolor=\"#dddddd\">Handle Values for: 1895.22/1013</th></tr>\n",
      "<tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\">Index</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\">Type</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\">Timestamp</td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\">Data</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr bgcolor=\"#dddddd\"><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"><b>100</b></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"><b><a href=\"http://hdl.handle.net/0.TYPE/HS_ADMIN\">HS_ADMIN</a></b></td><td valign=\"top\"><span style='white-space:nowrap'>2015-04-03&nbsp;21:20:10Z</span></td>\n",
      "<td>handle=200/1; index=300; [create hdl,delete hdl,create derived prefix,delete derived prefix,read val,modify val,del val,add val,modify admin,del admin,add admin,list]</td></tr>\n",
      "<tr bgcolor=\"#ffffff\"><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"><b>3</b></td><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"><b><a href=\"http://hdl.handle.net/0.TYPE/URL\">URL</a></b></td><td valign=\"top\"><span style='white-space:nowrap'>2015-04-03&nbsp;21:20:10Z</span></td>\n",
      "<td><a href=\"http://www.handle.net/python_licenses/python1.6.1-2-23-01.html\">http://www.handle.net/python_licenses/python1.6.1-2-23-01.html</a></td></tr>\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "</tbody></table>\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "<p><strong><em><small>\n",
      "<a href=\"/help.html\">Handle Proxy Server Documentation</a><br/>\n",
      "<a href=\"http://www.handle.net/\">Handle.net Web Site</a>\n",
      "</small>\n",
      "</em></strong></p>\n",
      "<p><i>Please contact <a href=\"mailto:hdladmin@cnri.reston.va.us?subject=Handle%20Questions%20and%20Comments\">hdladmin@cnri.reston.va.us</a> for your handle questions and comments</i>.\n",
      "\n",
      "</body></html>\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "url = \"http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013?noredirect\" #PID URL with ?noredirect\n",
    "r = requests.get(url) #GET with headers\n",
    "print(r.status_code)\n",
    "print(r.text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Query Parameters\n",
    "\n",
    "This proxy server system REST API is CORS-compliant, however, JSONP callbacks are also supported using a \"callback\" query parameter.\n",
    "\n",
    "The presence of the \"pretty\" query parameter instructs the server to pretty-print the JSON output.\n",
    "\n",
    "The \"auth\" query parameter instructs the proxy server to bypass its cache and query a primary handle server directly for the newest handle data.\n",
    "\n",
    "The \"cert\" query parameter instructs the proxy server to request an authenticated response from the source handle server. Not generally needed by end users.\n",
    "\n",
    "The \"type\" and \"index\" query parameters allow the resolution response to be restricted to specific types and indexes of interest. \"Type\" is the key defined by the user to store a metadata term. \"Index\" is a number associated to that term. Multiple \"type\" and \"index\" parameters are allowed and values are returned which match any of the specified types or indexes. For example,\n",
    "\n",
    "For example, http://hdl.handle.net/api/handles/4263537/4000?type=URL&type=EMAIL&callback=processResponse yields the response\n",
    "\n",
    "```JSON\n",
    "processResponse({\n",
    "   \"responseCode\":1,\n",
    "   \"handle\":\"4263537/4000\",\n",
    "   \"values\":[\n",
    "      {\n",
    "         \"index\":1,\n",
    "         \"type\":\"URL\",\n",
    "         \"data\":{ \"format\":\"string\", \"value\":\"http://www.handle.net/index.html\" },\n",
    "         \"ttl\":86400,\n",
    "         \"timestamp\":\"2001-11-21T16:21:35Z\"\n",
    "      },\n",
    "      {\n",
    "         \"index\":2,\n",
    "         \"type\":\"EMAIL\",\n",
    "         \"data\":{ \"format\":\"string\", \"value\":\"hdladmin@cnri.reston.va.us\" },\n",
    "         \"ttl\":86400,\n",
    "         \"timestamp\":\"2000-04-10T22:41:46Z\"\n",
    "      }\n",
    "   ]\n",
    "});\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<div class=\"alert alert-warning\" role=\"alert\" style=\"margin: 10px\">\n",
    "Recuerda!<br>\n",
    "Si no indicas el Content-type, el servidor actuará como si recibiera una petición por navegador, devolviendo un html\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "processResponse({\"responseCode\":1,\"handle\":\"4263537/4000\",\"values\":[{\"index\":1,\"type\":\"URL\",\"data\":{\"format\":\"string\",\"value\":\"http://www.handle.net/index.html\"},\"ttl\":86400,\"timestamp\":\"2015-04-03T21:20:22Z\"},{\"index\":2,\"type\":\"EMAIL\",\"data\":{\"format\":\"string\",\"value\":\"hdladmin@cnri.reston.va.us\"},\"ttl\":86400,\"timestamp\":\"2015-04-03T21:20:22Z\"}]});\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "url = \"http://hdl.handle.net/api/handles/4263537/4000?type=URL&type=EMAIL&callback=processResponse\" #PID URL with ?noredirect\n",
    "headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} #Type of response accpeted\n",
    "r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) #POST with headers\n",
    "print(r.text) \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Exercise 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* 1: Try to find *TWO* different repositories that manage PIDs or DOIs (e.g journals, figshare.com, DataONE, zenodo, digital.CSIC, etc.)\n",
    "* 2: Check an example file or the documentation to get the identifier from a resource\n",
    "* 3: Resolve the identifier using python request\n",
    "* 4: Show relevant information, like author, title, description...\n",
    "* 5: Which kind of \"types\" are defined in the PIDs?\n",
    "* 6: Is there any difference managing the DOIs/PIDs between the different repositories? (textual answer)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Recursos extraidos de zenodoo y dataone:\n",
    "* https://zenodo.org/record/5707194#.YZ0LwL_MJl8\n",
    "* https://search.dataone.org/view/doi%3A10.1594%2FPANGAEA.321373"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "status code 1: 200\n",
      "status code 2: 200\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "url1 = \"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5707194\"\n",
    "url2 = \"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.321373\"\n",
    "\n",
    "headers = {'Accept': 'application/vnd.citationstyles.csl+json;q=1.0'}\n",
    "\n",
    "r1 = requests.post(url1, headers=headers)\n",
    "r2 = requests.post(url2, headers=headers)\n",
    "print('status code 1:', r1.status_code)\n",
    "print('status code 2:', r2.status_code)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "--- PRIMER DOI ---\n",
      "title: Pre-processed data of atlas in EUCP-WP2\n",
      "creator: ['Yang Liu', 'Peter Kalverla', 'Fakhereh Alidoost', 'Stefan Verhoeven', 'Barbara Vreede', 'Ben Booth', 'Erika Coppola', 'Rita Nogherotto', 'Lukas Brunner', 'Glen Harris', 'Said Qasmi', 'Andrew Ballinger', 'Gabriele Hegerl', 'Carol McSweeney', \"Christopher O'Reilly\", 'Tamzin Palmer', 'Aurélien Ribes', 'Hylke de Vries']\n",
      "subject: ['climate', 'EUCP']\n",
      "description: <strong>Preprocessed data of Atlas in EUCP-WP2</strong> We provide some notebooks that check the original/raw data, fix/add the metadata using CF-conventions https://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-conventions/cf-conventions-1.9/cf-conventions.html and sav...\n",
      "publisher: Zenodo\n",
      "contributor:\n",
      "date: [2021, 11, 17]\n",
      "type: dataset\n",
      "format: 1.0.3\n",
      "identifier: 10.5281/ZENODO.5707194 , https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5707194 , https://zenodo.org/record/5707194\n",
      "source:\n",
      "language:\n",
      "relation:\n",
      "coverage:\n",
      "rights: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International\n",
      "\n",
      "--- SEGUNDO DOI ---\n",
      "title: Water temperature real-time profiles from cruise SHIP93 (DCQC)\n",
      "creator: UOT WOCE Upper Ocean Thermal\n",
      "subject: ['DATE/TIME', 'LATITUDE', 'LONGITUDE', 'DEPTH, water', 'Temperature, water', 'Sample code/label', 'Oceanography', 'FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences', 'FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences', 'BATHY message', 'UOT_cruise', 'World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)']\n",
      "description: For definition of quality flags see hdl:10013/epic.31518.d001\n",
      "publisher: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science\n",
      "contributor: Monterey US Navy Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center\n",
      "date: 2005\n",
      "type: dataset\n",
      "format:\n",
      "identifier: 10.1594/PANGAEA.321373 , https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.321373 , https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.321373\n",
      "source:\n",
      "language: en\n",
      "relation:\n",
      "coverage:\n",
      "rights: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data1 = json.loads(r1.text)\n",
    "data2 = json.loads(r2.text)\n",
    "\n",
    "#print(r1.text)\n",
    "print('\\n--- PRIMER DOI ---')\n",
    "print('title:', data1['title'])\n",
    "print('creator:', [(author['given'] + ' ' + author['family']) for author in data1['author']])\n",
    "print('subject:', data1['categories'])\n",
    "print('description:', (data1['abstract'][:250]+'...'))\n",
    "print('publisher:', data1['publisher'])\n",
    "print('contributor:')\n",
    "print('date:', data1['issued']['date-parts'][0])\n",
    "print('type:', data1['type'])\n",
    "print('format:', data1['version'])\n",
    "print('identifier:', data1['DOI'], ',', data1['id'], ',', data1['URL'])\n",
    "print('source:')\n",
    "print('language:')\n",
    "print('relation:')\n",
    "print('coverage:')\n",
    "print('rights:', data1['copyright'])\n",
    "\n",
    "#print(r2.text)\n",
    "print('\\n--- SEGUNDO DOI ---')\n",
    "print('title:', data2['title'])\n",
    "print('creator:', (data2['author'][0]['given'] + ' ' + data2['author'][0]['family']))\n",
    "print('subject:', data2['categories'])\n",
    "print('description:', data2['abstract'])\n",
    "print('publisher:', data2['publisher'])\n",
    "print('contributor:', (data2['contributor'][0]['given'] + ' ' + data2['contributor'][0]['family']))\n",
    "print('date:', data2['issued']['date-parts'][0][0])\n",
    "print('type:', data2['type'])\n",
    "print('format:')\n",
    "print('identifier:', data2['DOI'], ',', data2['id'], ',', data2['URL'])\n",
    "print('source:')\n",
    "print('language:', data2['language'])\n",
    "print('relation:')\n",
    "print('coverage:')\n",
    "print('rights:', data2['copyright'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "--- PRIMER DOI ---\n",
      "index: 100 , type: HS_ADMIN\n",
      "index: 1 , type: URL\n",
      "\n",
      "--- SEGUNDO DOI ---\n",
      "index: 100 , type: HS_ADMIN\n",
      "index: 1 , type: URL\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "url3 = \"http://hdl.handle.net/api/handles/10.5281/ZENODO.5707194\"\n",
    "url4 = \"http://hdl.handle.net/api/handles/10.1594/PANGAEA.321373\"\n",
    "\n",
    "headers = {'Accept': 'application/vnd.citationstyles.csl+json;q=1.0'}\n",
    "\n",
    "r3 = requests.get(url3, headers=headers)\n",
    "r4 = requests.get(url4, headers=headers)\n",
    "\n",
    "data3 = json.loads(r3.text)\n",
    "data4 = json.loads(r4.text)\n",
    "\n",
    "print('\\n--- PRIMER DOI ---')\n",
    "#print(data3['values'][0])\n",
    "print('index:', data3['values'][0]['index'], ',', 'type:', data3['values'][0]['type'])\n",
    "#print(data3['values'][1])\n",
    "print('index:', data3['values'][1]['index'], ',', 'type:', data3['values'][1]['type'])\n",
    "\n",
    "print('\\n--- SEGUNDO DOI ---')\n",
    "#print(data4['values'][0])\n",
    "print('index:', data4['values'][0]['index'], ',', 'type:', data4['values'][0]['type'])\n",
    "#print(data4['values'][1])\n",
    "print('index:', data4['values'][1]['index'], ',', 'type:', data4['values'][1]['type'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "En cuanto a diferencias a la hora de trabajar con los DOIs no he apreciado ninguna salvo que los nombres de las etiquetas alguna vez difieren, pero las peticiones al servidor y demás acciones han sido iguales. No sé si pasará lo mismo con todos los DOIs, pero con los dos escogidos, en este caso, se ha de trabajado de la misma forma."
   ]
  }
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