diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/custom/FetchingStrategy.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/custom/FetchingStrategy.kt
index 3b0a3ff..b69352a 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/custom/FetchingStrategy.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/custom/FetchingStrategy.kt
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.PagingState
  * @param ItemId The type of the item identifier.
  * @param PageRequestKey The type of the paging key.
  */
-interface FetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any> {
+interface FetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> {
 
     /**
      * Determines whether to fetch more data in the forward direction based on the current state of the pager.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ interface FetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any> {
      */
     fun shouldFetchForward(
         params: PagingSource.LoadParams<PageRequestKey>,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
     ): Boolean
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ interface FetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any> {
      */
     fun shouldFetchBackward(
         params: PagingSource.LoadParams<PageRequestKey>,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
     ): Boolean
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Action.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Action.kt
index e7c0529..487b4f5 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Action.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Action.kt
@@ -1,25 +1,37 @@
 package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime
 
-sealed class Action<out PageRequestKey : Any> {
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.MutableOperationPipeline
+
+sealed class Action<out ItemId: Any, out PageRequestKey : Any, out ItemValue: Any> {
 
     data class ProcessQueue internal constructor(
         val direction: LoadDirection
-    ) : Action<Nothing>()
+    ) : Action<Nothing, Nothing, Nothing>()
 
     data class SkipQueue<K : Any> internal constructor(
         val key: K,
         val direction: LoadDirection,
         val strategy: LoadStrategy,
-    ) : Action<K>()
+    ) : Action<Nothing, K, Nothing>()
 
     data class Enqueue<K : Any> internal constructor(
         val key: K,
         val direction: LoadDirection,
         val strategy: LoadStrategy,
         val jump: Boolean
-    ) : Action<K>()
+    ) : Action<Nothing, K, Nothing>()
+
+    data object Invalidate : Action<Nothing, Nothing, Nothing>()
+
+    data class AddOperation<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
+        val operation: Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+    ) : Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>()
+
+    data class RemoveOperation<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
+        val operation: Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+    ) : Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>()
 
-    data object Invalidate : Action<Nothing>()
+    data object ClearOperations : Action<Nothing, Nothing, Nothing>()
 
     companion object {
         fun <K : Any> skipQueue(
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Dispatcher.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Dispatcher.kt
index d2df9f1..ca882f1 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Dispatcher.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Dispatcher.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime
 
-interface Dispatcher<PageRequestKey: Any> {
-    suspend fun dispatch(action: Action<PageRequestKey>)
+interface Dispatcher<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> {
+    suspend fun dispatch(action: Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>)
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/ExperimentalPagingApi.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/ExperimentalPagingApi.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fae646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/ExperimentalPagingApi.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime
+
+@RequiresOptIn(message = "This API is experimental. It may be changed in the future without notice.")
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY)
+@Target(AnnotationTarget.CLASS, AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION)
+annotation class ExperimentalPagingApi
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Operation.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Operation.kt
index 8d38912..3a98df9 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Operation.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Operation.kt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime
  * @param PageRequestKey The type of the paging key.
  * @param ItemValue The type of the item value.
  */
-interface Operation<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any> {
+abstract class Operation<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any> {
     /**
      * Determines whether this operation should be applied based on the current state.
      *
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ interface Operation<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any> {
      * @param fetchingState The current fetching state.
      * @return True if the operation should be applied, false otherwise.
      */
-    fun shouldApply(key: PageRequestKey?, pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>, fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>): Boolean
+    internal abstract fun shouldApply(key: PageRequestKey?, pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>, fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>): Boolean
 
     /**
      * Applies the operation to the given snapshot.
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ interface Operation<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any> {
      * @param fetchingState The current fetching state.
      * @return The transformed snapshot after applying the operation.
      */
-    fun apply(
+    internal abstract fun apply(
         snapshot: ItemSnapshotList<ItemId, ItemValue>,
         key: PageRequestKey?,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>
     ): ItemSnapshotList<ItemId, ItemValue>
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/OperationPipeline.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/OperationPipeline.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ea670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/OperationPipeline.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime
+
+interface OperationPipeline<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>: List<Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Pager.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Pager.kt
index 3562ae3..c165992 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Pager.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/Pager.kt
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
 
-interface Pager<ItemId : Any> {
-    val state: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId>>
+interface Pager<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> {
+    val state: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>
 }
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingScope.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingScope.kt
index 1ab43ab..8bfd083 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingScope.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingScope.kt
@@ -10,34 +10,35 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.persistence.api.ItemPersistence
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.persistence.api.PagePersistence
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pagingScope.impl.PagingScopeBuilder
 
-interface PagingScope<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any> {
-    fun getPager(): Pager<ItemId>
+interface PagingScope<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> {
+    fun getPager(): Pager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
     fun getOperationManager(): OperationManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
-    fun getDispatcher(): Dispatcher<PageRequestKey>
+    fun getDispatcher(): Dispatcher<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
     fun getUpdatingItemProvider(): UpdatingItemProvider<ItemId, ItemValue>
 
-    interface Builder<Id: Any, K: Any, V: Any> {
-        fun setInitialState(state: PagingState<Id>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setInitialLoadParams(params: PagingSource.LoadParams<K>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setPagingSource(source: PagingSource<Id, K, V>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setCoroutineDispatcher(dispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun addLaunchEffect(effect: LaunchEffect): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun addSideEffect(effect: SideEffect<Id, V>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun addMiddleware(mw: Middleware<K>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setInitialFetchingState(state: FetchingState<Id, K>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setFetchingStrategy(strategy: FetchingStrategy<Id, K>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setErrorHandlingStrategy(strategy: ErrorHandlingStrategy): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setItemMemoryCache(cache: MutableMap<Id, V>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setPageMemoryCache(cache: MutableMap<K, PagingSource.LoadResult.Data<Id, K, V>>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setItemPersistence(persistence: ItemPersistence<Id, K, V>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setPagePersistence(persistence: PagePersistence<Id, K, V>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setItemUpdater(updater: Updater<Id, V, *>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun setPlaceholderFactory(placeholderFactory: PlaceholderFactory<Id, K, V>): Builder<Id, K, V>
-        fun build(): PagingScope<Id, K, V>
+    interface Builder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> {
+        fun setInitialState(state: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setInitialLoadParams(params: PagingSource.LoadParams<PageRequestKey>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setPagingSource(source: PagingSource<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setCoroutineDispatcher(dispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun addLaunchEffect(effect: LaunchEffect): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun addSideEffect(effect: SideEffect<ItemId, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun addMiddleware(mw: Middleware<PageRequestKey>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setInitialFetchingState(state: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setFetchingStrategy(strategy: FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setErrorHandlingStrategy(strategy: ErrorHandlingStrategy): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setItemMemoryCache(cache: MutableMap<ItemId, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setPageMemoryCache(cache: MutableMap<PageRequestKey, PagingSource.LoadResult.Data<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setItemPersistence(persistence: ItemPersistence<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setPagePersistence(persistence: PagePersistence<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setItemUpdater(updater: Updater<ItemId, ItemValue, *>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setPlaceholderFactory(placeholderFactory: PlaceholderFactory<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun setInitialOperations(operations: List<Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>): Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+        fun build(): PagingScope<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
     }
 
     companion object {
-        fun <Id: Any, K: Any, V: Any> builder(
+        fun <Id : Any, K : Any, V : Any> builder(
             pagingConfig: PagingConfig<Id, K>
         ): Builder<Id, K, V> = PagingScopeBuilder(pagingConfig)
     }
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingState.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingState.kt
index 850472d..f1655e8 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingState.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/PagingState.kt
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime
 
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.MutableOperationPipeline
 
-data class PagingState<ItemId : Any>(
+
+data class PagingState<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
     val ids: List<ItemId?>,
     val loadStates: CombinedLoadStates,
+    val mutableOperationPipeline: MutableOperationPipeline<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
 ) {
     companion object {
-        fun <ItemId: Any> initial() = PagingState<ItemId>(
+        fun <ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> initial() = PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>(
             emptyList(),
-            CombinedLoadStates.initial()
+            CombinedLoadStates.initial(),
+            MutableOperationPipeline.empty()
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/MutableOperationPipeline.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/MutableOperationPipeline.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea74da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/MutableOperationPipeline.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api
+
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.Operation
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.OperationPipeline
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.RealMutableOperationPipeline
+
+interface MutableOperationPipeline<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> :
+    OperationPipeline<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>, MutableList<Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>> {
+
+    companion object {
+        fun <ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> empty(): MutableOperationPipeline<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
+            return RealMutableOperationPipeline(mutableListOf())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/OperationApplier.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/OperationApplier.kt
index 3da8752..afc9182 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/OperationApplier.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/OperationApplier.kt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ internal interface OperationApplier<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue:
     suspend fun applyOperations(
         snapshot: ItemSnapshotList<ItemId, ItemValue>,
         key: PageRequestKey?,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>
     ): ItemSnapshotList<ItemId, ItemValue>
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/PagingStateManager.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/PagingStateManager.kt
index f7599f4..a3e069b 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/PagingStateManager.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/api/PagingStateManager.kt
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.PagingState
 /**
  * Manages the paging state and provides methods to update it.
  */
-internal interface PagingStateManager<ItemId: Any> {
-    val pagingState: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId>>
+internal interface PagingStateManager<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any> {
+    val pagingState: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>
     fun updateWithAppendData(ids: List<ItemId?>, endOfPaginationReached: Boolean)
     fun updateWithPrependData(ids: List<ItemId?>, endOfPaginationReached: Boolean)
     fun updateWithAppendError(error: Throwable)
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/ConcurrentOperationApplier.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/ConcurrentOperationApplier.kt
index 576be89..41d47ca 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/ConcurrentOperationApplier.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/ConcurrentOperationApplier.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.ItemSnapshotList
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.Operation
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.OperationManager
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.PagingState
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.MutableOperationPipeline
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.OperationApplier
 
 /**
@@ -19,8 +20,9 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.Opera
  * @param PageRequestKey The type of the paging key.
  * @param ItemValue The type of the item value.
  */
-class ConcurrentOperationApplier<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
-    private val operationManager: OperationManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+class ConcurrentOperationApplier<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
+    private val operationManager: OperationManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
+    private val mutableOperationPipeline: MutableOperationPipeline<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
 ) : OperationApplier<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
 
     // Mutex for ensuring thread-safe access to shared resources
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ class ConcurrentOperationApplier<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: An
     override suspend fun applyOperations(
         snapshot: ItemSnapshotList<ItemId, ItemValue>,
         key: PageRequestKey?,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>
     ): ItemSnapshotList<ItemId, ItemValue> = mutex.withLock {
         operationManager.get().fold(snapshot) { acc, operation ->
@@ -68,12 +70,12 @@ class ConcurrentOperationApplier<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: An
      * @param pagingState The paging state.
      * @param fetchingState The fetching state.
      */
-    private data class CacheKey<Id: Any, K: Any, V: Any>(
-        val operation: Operation<Id, K, V>,
-        val snapshot: ItemSnapshotList<Id, V>,
-        val key: K?,
-        val pagingState: PagingState<Id>,
-        val fetchingState: FetchingState<Id, K>
+    private data class CacheKey<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
+        val operation: Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
+        val snapshot: ItemSnapshotList<ItemId, ItemValue>,
+        val key: PageRequestKey?,
+        val pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
+        val fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>
     )
 }
 
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultFetchingStrategy.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultFetchingStrategy.kt
index 4fd5241..a70e1ed 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultFetchingStrategy.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultFetchingStrategy.kt
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ import kotlin.math.abs
  * @param ItemId The type of the item identifier.
  * @param PageRequestKey The type of the key used for loading pages.
  */
-class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any>(
+class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue: Any>(
     private val pagingConfig: PagingConfig<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
     private val logger: PagingLogger,
     private val listSortAnalyzer: ListSortAnalyzer<ItemId>,
     private val itemIdComparator: Comparator<ItemId>
-) : FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey> {
+) : FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
 
     // Thread-safe caching of the last analyzed list and its sort order
     private data class CachedOrder<Id>(val ids: List<Id?>, val order: Order)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any>(
      */
     override fun shouldFetchForward(
         params: PagingSource.LoadParams<PageRequestKey>,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>
     ): Boolean {
         return shouldFetch(pagingState, fetchingState, FetchDirection.FORWARD)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any>(
      */
     override fun shouldFetchBackward(
         params: PagingSource.LoadParams<PageRequestKey>,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>
     ): Boolean {
         return shouldFetch(pagingState, fetchingState, FetchDirection.BACKWARD)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any>(
      * This method is optimized for performance and thread safety.
      */
     private fun shouldFetch(
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
         fetchDirection: FetchDirection
     ): Boolean {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any>(
      * Inlined for performance in high-frequency calls.
      */
     private inline fun checkFetchCondition(
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         itemLoadedSoFar: ItemId?,
         itemAccessedSoFar: ItemId?,
         sortOrder: Order
@@ -150,11 +150,11 @@ class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any>(
      * Calculates the distance between two items.
      * Uses Comparator's distance method if available, otherwise falls back to index-based calculation.
      */
-    private fun getDistance(itemLoaded: ItemId, itemAccessed: ItemId, pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>): Int {
+    private fun getDistance(itemLoaded: ItemId, itemAccessed: ItemId, pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Int {
         return itemIdComparator.distance(itemLoaded, itemAccessed) ?: calculateIndexDistance(itemLoaded, itemAccessed, pagingState)
     }
 
-    private fun calculateIndexDistance(itemLoaded: ItemId, itemAccessed: ItemId, pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>): Int {
+    private fun calculateIndexDistance(itemLoaded: ItemId, itemAccessed: ItemId, pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>): Int {
         var loadedIndex = -1
         var accessedIndex = -1
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class DefaultFetchingStrategy<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any>(
      * Inlined for performance in high-frequency calls.
      */
     private inline fun isUnderPrefetchLimit(
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         itemLoadedSoFar: ItemId,
         sortOrder: Order
     ): Boolean {
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultLoadingHandler.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultLoadingHandler.kt
index 8d4e1fc..de574b9 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultLoadingHandler.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/DefaultLoadingHandler.kt
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.Retry
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.store.api.NormalizedStore
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.store.api.PageLoadState
 
-internal class DefaultLoadingHandler<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
+internal class DefaultLoadingHandler<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
     private val store: NormalizedStore<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
-    private val pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId>,
+    private val pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val queueManager: QueueManager<PageRequestKey>,
     private val fetchingStateHolder: FetchingStateHolder<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
     private val errorHandlingStrategy: ErrorHandlingStrategy,
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealLoadingHandler.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealLoadingHandler.kt
index 48bc299..ced560a 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealLoadingHandler.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealLoadingHandler.kt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.store.api.PageL
  */
 internal class RealLoadingHandler<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
     private val store: NormalizedStore<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
-    private val pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId>,
+    private val pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val queueManager: QueueManager<PageRequestKey>,
     private val fetchingStateHolder: FetchingStateHolder<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
     private val errorHandlingStrategy: ErrorHandlingStrategy,
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealMutableOperationPipeline.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealMutableOperationPipeline.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7597002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealMutableOperationPipeline.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl
+
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.Operation
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.MutableOperationPipeline
+
+
+class RealMutableOperationPipeline<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
+    private val operations: MutableList<Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>
+) : MutableOperationPipeline<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>, MutableList<Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>> by operations
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPager.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPager.kt
index 4d29e0f..4355f64 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPager.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPager.kt
@@ -33,20 +33,20 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.store.api.Norma
  * Implementation of [Pager] that coordinates paging operations.
 
  */
-internal class RealPager<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
+internal class RealPager<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
     recompositionMode: RecompositionMode,
     private val fetchingStateHolder: FetchingStateHolder<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
     private val launchEffects: List<LaunchEffect>,
-    private val fetchingStrategy: FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
+    private val fetchingStrategy: FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val initialLoadParams: PagingSource.LoadParams<PageRequestKey>,
     private val store: NormalizedStore<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
-    private val actions: Flow<Action<PageRequestKey>>,
+    private val actions: Flow<Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>,
     private val logger: PagingLogger,
-    private val pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId>,
+    private val pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val queueManager: QueueManager<PageRequestKey>,
     private val loadingHandler: LoadingHandler<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
-) : Pager<ItemId> {
+) : Pager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
 
     init {
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ internal class RealPager<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
         handleEagerLoading()
     }
 
-    override val state: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId>> =
+    override val state: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>> =
         coroutineScope.launchMolecule(recompositionMode.toCash()) {
             pagingState(actions)
         }
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ internal class RealPager<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
      * @param actions Flow of [Action] objects.
      */
     @Composable
-    private fun pagingState(actions: Flow<Action<PageRequestKey>>): PagingState<ItemId> {
+    private fun pagingState(actions: Flow<Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>): PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
         val fetchingState by fetchingStateHolder.state.collectAsState()
         val pagingState by pagingStateManager.pagingState.collectAsState()
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ internal class RealPager<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
      *
      * @param actions Flow of paging actions.
      */
-    private suspend fun handleActions(actions: Flow<Action<PageRequestKey>>) {
+    private suspend fun handleActions(actions: Flow<Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>) {
         actions.distinctUntilChanged().collect { action ->
             logger.debug("Handling action: $action")
 
@@ -142,6 +142,10 @@ internal class RealPager<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
                 is Action.SkipQueue -> handleSkipQueueAction(action)
                 is Action.Enqueue -> handleEnqueueAction(action)
                 Action.Invalidate -> handleInvalidateAction()
+
+                is Action.AddOperation -> TODO()
+                Action.ClearOperations -> TODO()
+                is Action.RemoveOperation -> TODO()
             }
         }
     }
@@ -266,16 +270,16 @@ internal class RealPager<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
      */
     private fun shouldFetchForward(
         queueElement: LoadParamsQueue.Element<PageRequestKey>,
-        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+        pagingState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         fetchingState: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>
     ): Boolean {
         val shouldFetch =
             queueElement.mechanism == LoadParamsQueue.Element.Mechanism.EnqueueRequest ||
-                    fetchingStrategy.shouldFetchForward(
-                        queueElement.params,
-                        pagingState,
-                        fetchingState
-                    )
+                fetchingStrategy.shouldFetchForward(
+                    queueElement.params,
+                    pagingState,
+                    fetchingState
+                )
 
         logger.debug("Should fetch forward: $shouldFetch for key: ${queueElement.params.key}")
 
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPagingStateManager.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPagingStateManager.kt
index 2f52d18..b6b9d13 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPagingStateManager.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pager/impl/RealPagingStateManager.kt
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.Pagin
 /**
  * Implementation of PagingStateManager that manages the paging state.
  */
-class RealPagingStateManager<ItemId: Any>(
-    initialState: PagingState<ItemId>,
+class RealPagingStateManager<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
+    initialState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val logger: PagingLogger,
-) : PagingStateManager<ItemId> {
+) : PagingStateManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
     private val _pagingState = MutableStateFlow(initialState)
-    override val pagingState: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId>> = _pagingState.asStateFlow()
+    override val pagingState: StateFlow<PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>> = _pagingState.asStateFlow()
 
     override fun updateWithAppendData(ids: List<ItemId?>, endOfPaginationReached: Boolean) {
         updateState("append data") { currentState ->
@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ class RealPagingStateManager<ItemId: Any>(
         updateLoadState("prepend loading") { it.copy(prepend = LoadState.Loading) }
     }
 
-    private fun updateState(operation: String, update: (PagingState<ItemId>) -> PagingState<ItemId>) {
+    private fun updateState(
+        operation: String,
+        update: (PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>) -> PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
+    ) {
         logger.debug("Updating paging state with $operation")
         logger.debug("Current paging state: ${pagingState.value}")
 
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/PagingScopeBuilder.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/PagingScopeBuilder.kt
index d2e6654..3d4e49e 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/PagingScopeBuilder.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/PagingScopeBuilder.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.FetchingState
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.IdExtractor
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.LoadDirection
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.LoadStrategy
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.Operation
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.PagingConfig
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.PagingScope
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.PagingSource
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.Fetch
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.LinkedHashMapManager
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.ListSortAnalyzer
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.LoadingHandler
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.MutableOperationPipeline
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.OperationApplier
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.PagingStateManager
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.api.QueueManager
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.Defa
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.DefaultListSortAnalyzer
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.RealLinkedHashMapManager
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.RealLoadingHandler
+import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.RealMutableOperationPipeline
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.RealPager
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.RealPagingStateManager
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.internal.pager.impl.RealQueueManager
@@ -59,9 +62,9 @@ class PagingScopeBuilder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
 ) : PagingScope.Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
 
     private val logger = RealPagingLogger(pagingConfig.logging)
-    private val actionsFlow = MutableSharedFlow<Action<PageRequestKey>>(replay = 20)
+    private val actionsFlow = MutableSharedFlow<Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>(replay = 20)
 
-    private var initialState: PagingState<ItemId> = PagingState.initial()
+    private var initialState: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> = PagingState.initial()
     private var initialLoadParams = PagingSource.LoadParams(
         pagingConfig.initialKey,
         LoadStrategy.SkipCache,
@@ -78,9 +81,10 @@ class PagingScopeBuilder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
     private val middleware = mutableListOf<Middleware<PageRequestKey>>()
     private var initialFetchingState = FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>()
     private var listSortAnalyzer: ListSortAnalyzer<ItemId> = DefaultListSortAnalyzer(itemIdComparator)
-    private var fetchingStrategy: FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey> =
+    private var fetchingStrategy: FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> =
         DefaultFetchingStrategy(pagingConfig, logger, listSortAnalyzer, itemIdComparator)
     private var errorHandlingStrategy: ErrorHandlingStrategy = ErrorHandlingStrategy.RetryLast()
+    private var initialOperations: MutableList<Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>> = mutableListOf()
 
     private lateinit var itemMemoryCache: MutableMap<ItemId, ItemValue>
     private lateinit var pageMemoryCache: MutableMap<PageRequestKey, PagingSource.LoadResult.Data<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ class PagingScopeBuilder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
     private lateinit var itemUpdater: Updater<ItemId, ItemValue, *>
     private lateinit var placeholderFactory: PlaceholderFactory<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
 
-    override fun setInitialState(state: PagingState<ItemId>) = apply { initialState = state }
+    override fun setInitialState(state: PagingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>) = apply { initialState = state }
     override fun setInitialLoadParams(params: PagingSource.LoadParams<PageRequestKey>) =
         apply { initialLoadParams = params }
 
@@ -103,7 +107,7 @@ class PagingScopeBuilder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
     override fun setInitialFetchingState(state: FetchingState<ItemId, PageRequestKey>) =
         apply { initialFetchingState = state }
 
-    override fun setFetchingStrategy(strategy: FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey>) =
+    override fun setFetchingStrategy(strategy: FetchingStrategy<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>) =
         apply { fetchingStrategy = strategy }
 
     override fun setErrorHandlingStrategy(strategy: ErrorHandlingStrategy) =
@@ -126,6 +130,11 @@ class PagingScopeBuilder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
 
     override fun setItemUpdater(updater: Updater<ItemId, ItemValue, *>) = apply { itemUpdater = updater }
 
+    override fun setInitialOperations(operations: List<Operation<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>): PagingScope.Builder<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> =
+        apply {
+            this.initialOperations = operations.toMutableList()
+        }
+
     override fun build(): PagingScope<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
         val operationManager = ConcurrentOperationManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>()
         val fetchingStateHolder = ConcurrentFetchingStateHolder(initialFetchingState, itemIdComparator, pageRequestKeyComparator)
@@ -152,7 +161,8 @@ class PagingScopeBuilder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
 
         val pagingStateManager = RealPagingStateManager(initialState, logger)
         val queueManager = RealQueueManager(logger, pageRequestKeyComparator)
-        val operationApplier = ConcurrentOperationApplier(operationManager)
+        val mutableOperationPipeline = RealMutableOperationPipeline(initialOperations)
+        val operationApplier = ConcurrentOperationApplier(operationManager, mutableOperationPipeline)
         val loadingHandler = createLoadingHandler(
             store = store,
             pagingStateManager = pagingStateManager,
@@ -207,7 +217,7 @@ class PagingScopeBuilder<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
 
     private fun createLoadingHandler(
         store: NormalizedStore<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
-        pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId>,
+        pagingStateManager: PagingStateManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
         queueManager: QueueManager<PageRequestKey>,
         fetchingStateHolder: FetchingStateHolder<ItemId, PageRequestKey>,
         operationApplier: OperationApplier<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealDispatcher.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealDispatcher.kt
index 83b4c01..7b8d8f0 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealDispatcher.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealDispatcher.kt
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.Action
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.Dispatcher
 
-class RealDispatcher<PageRequestKey: Any>(
-    private val actionsFlow: MutableSharedFlow<Action<PageRequestKey>>
-) : Dispatcher<PageRequestKey> {
-    override suspend fun dispatch(action: Action<PageRequestKey>) {
+class RealDispatcher<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
+    private val actionsFlow: MutableSharedFlow<Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>>
+) : Dispatcher<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
+    override suspend fun dispatch(action: Action<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>) {
         actionsFlow.emit(action)
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealPagingScope.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealPagingScope.kt
index 427af41..6525b0e 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealPagingScope.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/internal/pagingScope/impl/RealPagingScope.kt
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.Pager
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.PagingScope
 import org.mobilenativefoundation.storex.paging.runtime.UpdatingItemProvider
 
-class RealPagingScope<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
-    private val pager: Pager<ItemId>,
+class RealPagingScope<ItemId : Any, PageRequestKey : Any, ItemValue : Any>(
+    private val pager: Pager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val operationManager: OperationManager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
-    private val dispatcher: Dispatcher<PageRequestKey>,
+    private val dispatcher: Dispatcher<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue>,
     private val updatingItemProvider: UpdatingItemProvider<ItemId, ItemValue>
 ) : PagingScope<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
-    override fun getPager(): Pager<ItemId> {
+    override fun getPager(): Pager<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
         return pager
     }
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class RealPagingScope<ItemId: Any, PageRequestKey: Any, ItemValue: Any>(
         return operationManager
     }
 
-    override fun getDispatcher(): Dispatcher<PageRequestKey> {
+    override fun getDispatcher(): Dispatcher<ItemId, PageRequestKey, ItemValue> {
         return dispatcher
     }
 
diff --git a/paging-runtime/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/DefaultLoadingHandlerTest.kt b/paging-runtime/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/DefaultLoadingHandlerTest.kt
index da9d635..c945a65 100644
--- a/paging-runtime/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/DefaultLoadingHandlerTest.kt
+++ b/paging-runtime/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/mobilenativefoundation/storex/paging/runtime/DefaultLoadingHandlerTest.kt
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ class DefaultLoadingHandlerTest {
     private val appendQueue = mock<LoadParamsQueue<TimelineRequest>>()
     private val prependQueue = mock<LoadParamsQueue<TimelineRequest>>()
 
-    private val pagingState = MutableStateFlow(PagingState.initial<Cursor>())
+    private val pagingState = MutableStateFlow(PagingState.initial<Cursor, TimelineRequest, Post>())
     private val fetchingState = MutableStateFlow(FetchingState<Cursor, TimelineRequest>())
 
-    private val pagingStateManager = mock<PagingStateManager<Cursor>> {
+    private val pagingStateManager = mock<PagingStateManager<Cursor, TimelineRequest, Post>> {
         every { pagingState } returns this@DefaultLoadingHandlerTest.pagingState
     }
     private val store = mock<NormalizedStore<Cursor, TimelineRequest, Post>>()