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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Sowa-Kif</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1">1 Sowa-Kif.org </a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1.1">1.1 Definitions </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.2">1.2 Axioms expressing the class hierarchy </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.3">1.3 Documentation for these classes </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4">1.4 General Axioms </a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.1">1.4.1 AXIOM: X is a subclass of Y only if X and Y are classes… </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.2">1.4.2 AXIOM: Every class is a subclass of itself. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.3">1.4.3 AXIOM: There are entities. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.4">1.4.4 AXIOM: Everything is either a class or an entity, but not both. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.5">1.4.5 AXIOM: Only entities are instances of classes, and only classes have instances. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.6">1.4.6 AXIOM: Entity (the class) consists of exactly the entities… </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.7">1.4.7 AXIOM: Every class is a subclass of Entity. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.8">1.4.8 AXIOM: The has-relation holds between entities. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.9">1.4.9 AXIOM: Absurdity is a class. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.10">1.4.10 AXIOM: Absurdity has no instances. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.11">1.4.11 AXIOM: Absurdity is a subclass of every class. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.12">1.4.12 AXIOM: Abstract is a class. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.13">1.4.13 AXIOM: ?x is abstract iff it has neither a spatial nor temporal location. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.14">1.4.14 AXIOM: ?x is physical iff it exists at some location at some time. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.15">1.4.15 THEOREM: Abstract and Physical are disjoint. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.16">1.4.16 AXIOM: An independent entity need not bear the "has" relation to anything. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.17">1.4.17 AXIOM: A continuant is an object that exists (and, hence, retains its identity) over time. </a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.4.18">1.4.18 AXIOM: If a mediating entity ?m has ?x and ?y, then either ?x has ?y or vice versa. </a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-1.5">1.5 Supplementary Ontology </a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Sowa-Kif.org </h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>A KIF encoding of John Sowa's upper ontology.
Adapted from <a href="http://suo.ieee.org/SUO/ontologies/Sowa.txt">http://suo.ieee.org/SUO/ontologies/Sowa.txt</a>
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1.1"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Definitions </h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1.1">
<p>(documentation disjoint "Classes X and Y are disjoint iff they share no instances.")
</p>
<p>
(forall (?class1 ?class2)
(<=> (disjoint ?class1 ?class2)
(and (Class ?class1)
(Class ?class2)
(not (exists (?x)
(and (instance-of ?x ?class1)
(instance-of ?x ?class2)))))))
</p></div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1.2"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> Axioms expressing the class hierarchy </h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1.2">
<p>(subclass-of Independent Entity)
(subclass-of Relative Entity)
(subclass-of Mediating Entity)
(subclass-of Physical Entity)
(subclass-of Abstract Entity)
(subclass-of Continuant Entity)
(subclass-of Occurrent Entity)
</p>
<p>
(subclass-of Actuality Independent)
(subclass-of Actuality Physical)
(subclass-of Form Independent)
(subclass-of Form Abstract)
(subclass-of Prehension Physical)
(subclass-of Prehension Relative)
(subclass-of Proposition Relative)
(subclass-of Proposition Abstract)
(subclass-of Nexus Physical)
(subclass-of Nexus Mediating)
(subclass-of Intention Abstract)
(subclass-of Intention Mediating)
</p>
<p>
(subclass-of Object Actuality)
(subclass-of Object Continuant)
(subclass-of Process Actuality)
(subclass-of Process Occurrent)
(subclass-of Schema Form)
(subclass-of Schema Continuant)
(subclass-of Script Form)
(subclass-of Script Occurrent)
(subclass-of Juncture Prehension)
(subclass-of Juncture Continuant)
(subclass-of Participation Prehension)
(subclass-of Participation Occurrent)
(subclass-of Description Proposition)
(subclass-of Description Continuant)
(subclass-of History Proposition)
(subclass-of History Occurrent)
(subclass-of Structure Nexus)
(subclass-of Structure Continuant)
(subclass-of Situation Nexus)
(subclass-of Situation Occurrent)
(subclass-of Reason Intention)
(subclass-of Reason Continuant)
(subclass-of Purpose Intention)
(subclass-of Purpose Occurrent)
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1.3"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> Documentation for these classes </h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1.3">
<p>(documentation Entity "The universal class of individuals, which has no differentiae.")
(documentation Absurdity "The absurd class, which inherits all differentiae.")
(documentation Abstract "Pure information as distinguished from any particular encoding of the information.")
(documentation Physical "An entity that has a location in space-time.")
(documentation Actuality "A physical entity (P) whose existence is independent (I) of any other entity.")
(documentation Continuant "A continuant is an entity whose identity continues to be recognizable over time.")
(documentation Description "A proposition (RA) about a continuant (C). A description is a proposition…")
(documentation Form "Abstract Information (A) independent (I) of any encoding or embodiment…")
(documentation History "A proposition (RA) about an occurrent (O). A history is a proposition (RA)…")
(documentation Independent "An entity characterized by some inherent Firstness, independent of any…")
(documentation Intention "Abstraction (A) considered as mediating (M) other entities. Examples of…")
(documentation Juncture "A prehension (RP) considered as a continuant (C) during some time interval…")
(documentation Mediating "An entity characterized by some Thirdness that brings other entities into a…")
(documentation Nexus "A physical entity (P) mediating (M) two or more other entities. Each nexus is a…")
(documentation Object "Actuality (IP) considered as a continuant (C), which retains its identity over…")
(documentation Occurrent "An entity that does not have a stable identity during any interval of time."…)
(documentation Participation "A prehension (RP) considered as an occurrent (O) during the interval of…")
(documentation Process "Actuality (IP) considered as an occurrent (O) during the interval of interest.")
(documentation Prehension "A physcial entity (P) relative (R) to some entity or entities. The has-test…")
(documentation Proposition "An abstraction (A) that relates (R) some entity or entities. In logic, the…")
(documentation Purpose "Intention (MA) that has the form of an occurrent (O). As an example…")
(documentation Reason "Intention (MA) that has the form of an continuant (C). Unlike a simple description…")
(documentation Relative "An entity is in a relationship to some other entity….")
(documentation Schema "A form (IA) that has the structure of a continuant (C). A schema is an abstract…")
(documentation Script "A form (IA) that has the structure of an occurrent (O). A script is an abstract…")
(documentation Situation "A nexus (MP) considered as an occurrent (O). A situation mediates the…")
(documentation Structure "A nexus (MP) considered as a continuant (C). A structure mediates the…")
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1.4"><span class="section-number-3">1.4</span> General Axioms </h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1.4">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.1"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.1</span> AXIOM: X is a subclass of Y only if X and Y are classes… </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.1">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.2"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.2</span> AXIOM: Every class is a subclass of itself. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.2">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.3" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.3"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.3</span> AXIOM: There are entities. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.3">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.4"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.4</span> AXIOM: Everything is either a class or an entity, but not both. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.4">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.5" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.5"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.5</span> AXIOM: Only entities are instances of classes, and only classes have instances. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.5">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.6" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.6"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.6</span> AXIOM: Entity (the class) consists of exactly the entities… </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.6">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.7" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.7"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.7</span> AXIOM: Every class is a subclass of Entity. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.7">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.8" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.8"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.8</span> AXIOM: The has-relation holds between entities. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.8">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.9" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.9"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.9</span> AXIOM: Absurdity is a class. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.9">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.10" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.10"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.10</span> AXIOM: Absurdity has no instances. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.10">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.11" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.11"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.11</span> AXIOM: Absurdity is a subclass of every class. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.11">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.12" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.12"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.12</span> AXIOM: Abstract is a class. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.12">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.13" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.13"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.13</span> AXIOM: ?x is abstract iff it has neither a spatial nor temporal location. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.13">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.14" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.14"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.14</span> AXIOM: ?x is physical iff it exists at some location at some time. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.14">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.15" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.15"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.15</span> THEOREM: Abstract and Physical are disjoint. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.15">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.16" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.16"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.16</span> AXIOM: An independent entity need not bear the "has" relation to anything. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.16">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.17" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.17"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.17</span> AXIOM: A continuant is an object that exists (and, hence, retains its identity) over time. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.17">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.4.18" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1.4.18"><span class="section-number-4">1.4.18</span> AXIOM: If a mediating entity ?m has ?x and ?y, then either ?x has ?y or vice versa. </h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1.4.18">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-1.5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1.5"><span class="section-number-3">1.5</span> Supplementary Ontology </h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1.5">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble">
<p class="author"> Author: Greg
<a href="mailto:greg@greg-Satellite-C855D"><greg@greg-Satellite-C855D></a>
</p>
<p class="date"> Date: 2013-07-12 14:35:46 EDT</p>
<p class="creator">HTML generated by org-mode 6.33x in emacs 23</p>
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