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<!doctype html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Representation and Expertise</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style/stories.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h2>Representation and Expertise</h2>
<h3>Storyline</h3>
<h4>I.</h4>
<p>
The IPCC is unlike any institution
in the history of science
or in the history of international affairs.
For sheer number of participants
(in the 1000s for each AR),
scale of production time (5-7 years)
and rigor of process,
nothing like this has ever been tried before
in the realm of scientific publication.
Made all the more remarkable
because the entire process
if driven by volunteers scientists and researchers
(who are nonetheless nominated and selected)
and who are required to make enormous sacrifices
over the course of their tenure as authors
(but who also benefit from the prestige
of being an IPCC author).
</p>
<p>
By some regards,
it has also been incredibly inclusive,
counting over 125 countries
who have provided scientists
who participated in the Assessment Reports.
That includes xx number of LDC; etc.
</p>
<h4>II.</h4>
<p>
Nonetheless,
the IPCC remains an institution
whose authorship is driven heavily
by the presence and participation
of researchers from a smaller group
of 20 countries.
It is not to detract at all
from the institution
to remark that 90% of its authors
come from a limited number of countries.
This is a general reflection
of the nature of climate science
— particularly the physical science,
which relies on large state laboratories
which can only be funded by
states with significant resources.
</p>
<ul class="bullet">
<li>Rules of IPCC and procedures</li>
<li>
An important factor to consider
in assessing how well IPCC operating procedures
match its principle goal of producing
high quality, consensus documents,
its to consider that other goals
of the organization
might work at cross purposes
to this first priority goal.
For instance, positive discrimination
within the selection of lead authors
most certainly has
short and long-term positive effects
in terms of establishing
a more inclusive and diverse assessment,
which certainly increases
the legitimacy of the process
in the eyes of governments
with small pools of potential contributors.
But this type of discrimination
may produce additional effects
that need to be compensated for
through informal means
(the appointment and reaching out by CLA's
to Contributing Authors
— a discretionary category of authors),
and these informal means
are difficult to discuss
or codify in IPCC procedures,
but worth bringing to light
in a study of IPCC norms
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Questions</h3>
<ul>
<li>
6) How does the geographic diversity
of IPCC authors change over time?
Is there a rise overtime in participation
of authors from South America compared to Asia?
</li>
<li>
8) Which LDC (Least Developed Countries)
are the most present in the IPCC?
In which WGs?
</li>
<li>
9) In which chapters
do authors from Africa
participate in?
Is there variation
between African country participation?
</li>
<li>
10) What is the ratio
of African CLA vs LA vs RE vs CA authors?
</li>
<li>
13) Which countries
have increased their participation in the IPCC
and which have decreased over time?
</li>
<li>
15) What are the differences in diversity
(by country and by institution)
between the working groups?
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Data Attributes</h3>
<ul class="item">
<li>Normalization data</li>
<li>Country participation data</li>
</ul>
<h3>References</h3>
<ul>
<li>
Preface to the FAR WGII report,
<cite>written by the Secretary General of the WMO (G.O.P. Obasi)
and the Executive Director of the UNEP (M.K. Tolba)</cite>
address the concern of diversity
in their description of the IPCC:
<q>The panel also established a Special Committee
on the Participation of Developing Countries
to promote, as quickly as possible,
the full participation of developing countries
in its activities.</q>
From the very beginning,
there was an explicit politics
of trying to include developing country authors
in as much of the reports as possible.
</li>
<li>
Ho Lem et al. 2012.
Scientific diversity increases ability
to participate in negotiations
[history of these interactions]
</li>
<li>
Lahsen, M. 2004.
"Transnational locals:
Brazilian experiences of the climate regime"
in Jasanoff and Martello's
<cite>
Earthly Politics:
local and global environmental governance.
</cite>
p 151-172
</li>
<li>
Mahony, M. 2014.
<a href="http://sss.sagepub.com/content/44/1/109.abstract?etoc"
>The predictive state:
science, territory and the future of the Indian climate.</a>
Social Studies of Science,
44(1): 109-133
</li>
<li>
Check out Evernote on IPCC Procedures; text already
</li>
</ul>
<nav>
<ol class="roman" start="4">
<li><a href="4.html">Organizational Integrity: balancing turnover vs. longevity</a></li>
<li><a href="5.html">Diversifying the Knowledge Base?</a></li>
</ol>
</nav>
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