[ci] fix shellcheck warnings in CI scripts

.ci/setup.sh

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ if [[ $OS_NAME == "macos" ]]; then
         brew install swig
     fi
 else  # Linux
-    if type -f apt 2>&1 > /dev/null; then
+    if { type -f apt > /dev/null; } 2>&1; then
         sudo apt-get update
         sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
             ca-certificates \
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ else  # Linux
     fi
     CMAKE_VERSION="3.30.0"
     curl -O -L \
-        https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKE_VERSION}/cmake-${CMAKE_VERSION}-linux-${ARCH}.sh \
+        "https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKE_VERSION}/cmake-${CMAKE_VERSION}-linux-${ARCH}.sh" \
     || exit 1
     sudo mkdir /opt/cmake || exit 1
-    sudo sh cmake-${CMAKE_VERSION}-linux-${ARCH}.sh --skip-license --prefix=/opt/cmake || exit 1
+    sudo sh "cmake-${CMAKE_VERSION}-linux-${ARCH}.sh" --skip-license --prefix=/opt/cmake || exit 1
     sudo ln -sf /opt/cmake/bin/cmake /usr/local/bin/cmake || exit 1
 
     if [[ $IN_UBUNTU_BASE_CONTAINER == "true" ]]; then
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ if [[ "${TASK}" != "r-package" ]] && [[ "${TASK}" != "r-rchk" ]]; then
         curl \
             -sL \
             -o miniforge.sh \
-            https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/latest/download/Miniforge3-$(uname)-${ARCH}.sh
-        sh miniforge.sh -b -p $CONDA
+            "https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/latest/download/Miniforge3-$(uname)-${ARCH}.sh"
+        sh miniforge.sh -b -p "${CONDA}"
     fi
     conda config --set always_yes yes --set changeps1 no
     conda update -q -y conda

.ci/test-r-package.sh

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ if [[ $R_BUILD_TYPE != "cran" ]]; then
 fi
 
 # Get details needed for installing R components
-R_MAJOR_VERSION=( ${R_VERSION//./ } )
-if [[ "${R_MAJOR_VERSION}" == "3" ]]; then
+IFS='.' read -ra R_MAJOR_VERSION <<< "$R_VERSION"
+if [[ "${R_MAJOR_VERSION[0]}" == "3" ]]; then
     export R_MAC_VERSION=3.6.3
     export R_MAC_PKG_URL=${CRAN_MIRROR}/bin/macosx/R-${R_MAC_VERSION}.nn.pkg
     export R_LINUX_VERSION="3.6.3-1bionic"
     export R_APT_REPO="bionic-cran35/"
-elif [[ "${R_MAJOR_VERSION}" == "4" ]]; then
+elif [[ "${R_MAJOR_VERSION[0]}" == "4" ]]; then
     export R_MAC_VERSION=4.3.1
     export R_MAC_PKG_URL=${CRAN_MIRROR}/bin/macosx/big-sur-${ARCH}/base/R-${R_MAC_VERSION}-${ARCH}.pkg
     export R_LINUX_VERSION="4.3.1-1.2204.0"
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ if [[ $OS_NAME == "linux" ]]; then
         sudo apt-get install \
             --no-install-recommends \
             -y \
-                autoconf=$(cat R-package/AUTOCONF_UBUNTU_VERSION) \
+                "autoconf=$(cat R-package/AUTOCONF_UBUNTU_VERSION)" \
                 automake \
                 || exit 1
     fi
@@ -90,17 +90,17 @@ if [[ $OS_NAME == "macos" ]]; then
     sudo tlmgr --verify-repo=none update --self || exit 1
     sudo tlmgr --verify-repo=none install inconsolata helvetic rsfs || exit 1
 
-    curl -sL ${R_MAC_PKG_URL} -o R.pkg || exit 1
+    curl -sL "${R_MAC_PKG_URL}" -o R.pkg || exit 1
     sudo installer \
-        -pkg $(pwd)/R.pkg \
+        -pkg "$(pwd)/R.pkg" \
         -target / || exit 1
 
     # install tidy v5.8.0
     # ref: https://groups.google.com/g/r-sig-mac/c/7u_ivEj4zhM
     TIDY_URL=https://github.com/htacg/tidy-html5/releases/download/5.8.0/tidy-5.8.0-macos-x86_64+arm64.pkg
     curl -sL ${TIDY_URL} -o tidy.pkg
     sudo installer \
-        -pkg $(pwd)/tidy.pkg \
+        -pkg "$(pwd)/tidy.pkg" \
         -target /
 
     # ensure that this newer version of 'tidy' is used by 'R CMD check'
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ fi
 
 # fix for issue where CRAN was not returning {lattice} and {evaluate} when using R 3.6
 # "Warning: dependency ‘lattice’ is not available"
-if [[ "${R_MAJOR_VERSION}" == "3" ]]; then
+if [[ "${R_MAJOR_VERSION[0]}" == "3" ]]; then
     Rscript --vanilla -e "install.packages(c('https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/lattice/lattice_0.20-41.tar.gz', 'https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/evaluate/evaluate_0.23.tar.gz'), repos = NULL, lib = '${R_LIB_PATH}')"
 else
     # {Matrix} needs {lattice}, so this needs to run before manually installing {Matrix}.
@@ -169,34 +169,34 @@ elif [[ $R_BUILD_TYPE == "cran" ]]; then
     if [[ "${TASK}" == "r-rchk" ]]; then
         echo "Checking R package with rchk"
         mkdir -p packages
-        cp ${PKG_TARBALL} packages
+        cp "${PKG_TARBALL}" packages
         RCHK_LOG_FILE="rchk-logs.txt"
-        docker run \
-            -v $(pwd)/packages:/rchk/packages \
+        { docker run \
+            -v "$(pwd)/packages:/rchk/packages" \
             kalibera/rchk:latest \
             "/rchk/packages/${PKG_TARBALL}" \
-        2>&1 > ${RCHK_LOG_FILE} \
+        > ${RCHK_LOG_FILE}; } 2>&1  \
         || (cat ${RCHK_LOG_FILE} && exit 1)
         cat ${RCHK_LOG_FILE}
 
         # the exceptions below are from R itself and not LightGBM:
         # https://github.com/kalibera/rchk/issues/22#issuecomment-656036156
-        exit $(
+        exit "$(
             cat ${RCHK_LOG_FILE} \
             | grep -v "in function strptime_internal" \
             | grep -v "in function RunGenCollect" \
             | grep --count -E '\[PB\]|ERROR'
-        )
+        )"
     fi
 
     # Test CRAN source .tar.gz in a directory that is not this repo or below it.
     # When people install.packages('lightgbm'), they won't have the LightGBM
     # git repo around. This is to protect against the use of relative paths
     # like ../../CMakeLists.txt that would only work if you are in the repo
     R_CMD_CHECK_DIR="${HOME}/tmp-r-cmd-check/"
-    mkdir -p ${R_CMD_CHECK_DIR}
-    mv ${PKG_TARBALL} ${R_CMD_CHECK_DIR}
-    cd ${R_CMD_CHECK_DIR}
+    mkdir -p "${R_CMD_CHECK_DIR}"
+    mv "${PKG_TARBALL}" "${R_CMD_CHECK_DIR}"
+    cd "${R_CMD_CHECK_DIR}"
 fi
 
 declare -i allowed_notes=0

.ci/test.sh

@@ -56,17 +56,18 @@ if [[ "$TASK" == "cpp-tests" ]]; then
     else
         extra_cmake_opts=""
     fi
-    cmake -B build -S . -DBUILD_CPP_TEST=ON -DUSE_OPENMP=OFF -DUSE_DEBUG=ON $extra_cmake_opts
+    cmake -B build -S . -DBUILD_CPP_TEST=ON -DUSE_OPENMP=OFF -DUSE_DEBUG=ON "$extra_cmake_opts"
     cmake --build build --target testlightgbm -j4 || exit 1
     ./testlightgbm || exit 1
     exit 0
 fi
 
 # including python=version[build=*cpython] to ensure that conda doesn't fall back to pypy
-CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT="python=$PYTHON_VERSION[build=*cpython]"
+CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT="python=${PYTHON_VERSION}[build=*cpython]"
 
 if [[ $TASK == "if-else" ]]; then
-    mamba create -q -y -n $CONDA_ENV ${CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT} numpy
+    mamba create -q -y -n $CONDA_ENV "${CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT}" numpy
+    # shellcheck disable=SC1091
     source activate $CONDA_ENV
     cmake -B build -S . || exit 1
     cmake --build build --target lightgbm -j4 || exit 1
@@ -89,21 +90,22 @@ if [[ $TASK == "swig" ]]; then
         python ./.ci/check-dynamic-dependencies.py ./objdump.log || exit 1
     fi
     if [[ $PRODUCES_ARTIFACTS == "true" ]]; then
-        cp ./build/lightgbmlib.jar $BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY/lightgbmlib_$OS_NAME.jar
+        cp ./build/lightgbmlib.jar "$BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY/lightgbmlib_$OS_NAME.jar"
     fi
     exit 0
 fi
 
 if [[ $TASK == "lint" ]]; then
     mamba create -q -y -n $CONDA_ENV \
-        ${CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT} \
+        "${CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT}" \
         'cmakelint>=1.4.3' \
         'cpplint>=1.6.0' \
         'matplotlib-base>=3.9.1' \
         'mypy>=1.11.1' \
         'pre-commit>=3.8.0' \
         'pyarrow-core>=17.0' \
         'r-lintr>=3.1.2'
+    # shellcheck disable=SC1091
     source activate $CONDA_ENV
     echo "Linting Python code"
     bash ./.ci/lint-python.sh || exit 1
@@ -125,12 +127,15 @@ if [[ $TASK == "check-docs" ]] || [[ $TASK == "check-links" ]]; then
         -n $CONDA_ENV \
             'doxygen>=1.10.0' \
             'rstcheck>=6.2.4' || exit 1
+    # shellcheck disable=SC1091
     source activate $CONDA_ENV
     # check reStructuredText formatting
     cd "${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/python-package"
-    rstcheck --report-level warning $(find . -type f -name "*.rst") || exit 1
+    find . -type f -name "*.rst" -exec \
+        rstcheck --report-level warning {} + || exit 1
     cd "${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/docs"
-    rstcheck --report-level warning --ignore-directives=autoclass,autofunction,autosummary,doxygenfile $(find . -type f -name "*.rst") || exit 1
+    find . -type f -name "*.rst" -exec \
+        rstcheck --report-level warning --ignore-directives=autoclass,autofunction,autosummary,doxygenfile {} + || exit 1
     # build docs
     make html || exit 1
     if [[ $TASK == "check-links" ]]; then
@@ -150,30 +155,31 @@ if [[ $TASK == "check-docs" ]] || [[ $TASK == "check-links" ]]; then
 fi
 
 if [[ $PYTHON_VERSION == "3.7" ]]; then
-    CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES="--file ${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/.ci/conda-envs/ci-core-py37.txt"
+    CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES="${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/.ci/conda-envs/ci-core-py37.txt"
 elif [[ $PYTHON_VERSION == "3.8" ]]; then
-    CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES="--file ${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/.ci/conda-envs/ci-core-py38.txt"
+    CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES="${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/.ci/conda-envs/ci-core-py38.txt"
 else
-    CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES="--file ${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/.ci/conda-envs/ci-core.txt"
+    CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES="${BUILD_DIRECTORY}/.ci/conda-envs/ci-core.txt"
 fi
 
 mamba create \
     -y \
     -n $CONDA_ENV \
-    ${CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES} \
-    ${CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT} \
+    --file "${CONDA_REQUIREMENT_FILES}" \
+    "${CONDA_PYTHON_REQUIREMENT}" \
 || exit 1
 
+# shellcheck disable=SC1091
 source activate $CONDA_ENV
 
 cd "${BUILD_DIRECTORY}"
 
 if [[ $TASK == "sdist" ]]; then
     sh ./build-python.sh sdist || exit 1
     sh .ci/check-python-dists.sh ./dist || exit 1
-    pip install ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz -v || exit 1
+    pip install "./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz" -v || exit 1
     if [[ $PRODUCES_ARTIFACTS == "true" ]]; then
-        cp ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz $BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY || exit 1
+        cp "./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz" "$BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY" || exit 1
     fi
     pytest ./tests/python_package_test || exit 1
     exit 0
@@ -182,7 +188,7 @@ elif [[ $TASK == "bdist" ]]; then
         sh ./build-python.sh bdist_wheel || exit 1
         sh .ci/check-python-dists.sh ./dist || exit 1
         if [[ $PRODUCES_ARTIFACTS == "true" ]]; then
-            cp dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER-py3-none-macosx*.whl $BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY || exit 1
+            cp dist/lightgbm-"$LGB_VER"-py3-none-macosx*.whl "$BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY" || exit 1
         fi
     else
         if [[ $ARCH == "x86_64" ]]; then
@@ -198,10 +204,10 @@ elif [[ $TASK == "bdist" ]]; then
             ./dist/tmp.whl || exit 1
         mv \
             ./dist/tmp.whl \
-            ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER-py3-none-$PLATFORM.whl || exit 1
+            "./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER-py3-none-$PLATFORM.whl" || exit 1
         sh .ci/check-python-dists.sh ./dist || exit 1
         if [[ $PRODUCES_ARTIFACTS == "true" ]]; then
-            cp dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER-py3-none-$PLATFORM.whl $BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY || exit 1
+            cp "dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER-py3-none-$PLATFORM.whl" "$BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY" || exit 1
         fi
         # Make sure we can do both CPU and GPU; see tests/python_package_test/test_dual.py
         export LIGHTGBM_TEST_DUAL_CPU_GPU=1
@@ -220,14 +226,14 @@ if [[ $TASK == "gpu" ]]; then
         pip install \
             -v \
             --config-settings=cmake.define.USE_GPU=ON \
-            ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz \
+            "./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz" \
         || exit 1
         pytest ./tests/python_package_test || exit 1
         exit 0
     elif [[ $METHOD == "wheel" ]]; then
         sh ./build-python.sh bdist_wheel --gpu || exit 1
         sh ./.ci/check-python-dists.sh ./dist || exit 1
-        pip install ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER*.whl -v || exit 1
+        pip install ./dist/lightgbm-"$LGB_VER"*.whl -v || exit 1
         pytest ./tests || exit 1
         exit 0
     elif [[ $METHOD == "source" ]]; then
@@ -245,14 +251,14 @@ elif [[ $TASK == "cuda" ]]; then
         pip install \
             -v \
             --config-settings=cmake.define.USE_CUDA=ON \
-            ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz \
+            "./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz" \
         || exit 1
         pytest ./tests/python_package_test || exit 1
         exit 0
     elif [[ $METHOD == "wheel" ]]; then
         sh ./build-python.sh bdist_wheel --cuda || exit 1
         sh ./.ci/check-python-dists.sh ./dist || exit 1
-        pip install ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER*.whl -v || exit 1
+        pip install ./dist/lightgbm-"$LGB_VER"*.whl -v || exit 1
         pytest ./tests || exit 1
         exit 0
     elif [[ $METHOD == "source" ]]; then
@@ -265,14 +271,14 @@ elif [[ $TASK == "mpi" ]]; then
         pip install \
             -v \
             --config-settings=cmake.define.USE_MPI=ON \
-            ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER.tar.gz \
+            "./dist/lightgbm-${LGB_VER}.tar.gz" \
         || exit 1
         pytest ./tests/python_package_test || exit 1
         exit 0
     elif [[ $METHOD == "wheel" ]]; then
         sh ./build-python.sh bdist_wheel --mpi || exit 1
         sh ./.ci/check-python-dists.sh ./dist || exit 1
-        pip install ./dist/lightgbm-$LGB_VER*.whl -v || exit 1
+        pip install ./dist/lightgbm-"$LGB_VER"*.whl -v || exit 1
         pytest ./tests || exit 1
         exit 0
     elif [[ $METHOD == "source" ]]; then
@@ -290,13 +296,13 @@ pytest ./tests || exit 1
 if [[ $TASK == "regular" ]]; then
     if [[ $PRODUCES_ARTIFACTS == "true" ]]; then
         if [[ $OS_NAME == "macos" ]]; then
-            cp ./lib_lightgbm.dylib $BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY/lib_lightgbm.dylib
+            cp ./lib_lightgbm.dylib "$BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY/lib_lightgbm.dylib"
         else
             if [[ $COMPILER == "gcc" ]]; then
                 objdump -T ./lib_lightgbm.so > ./objdump.log || exit 1
                 python ./.ci/check-dynamic-dependencies.py ./objdump.log || exit 1
             fi
-            cp ./lib_lightgbm.so $BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY/lib_lightgbm.so
+            cp ./lib_lightgbm.so "$BUILD_ARTIFACTSTAGINGDIRECTORY/lib_lightgbm.so"
         fi
     fi
     cd "$BUILD_DIRECTORY/examples/python-guide"
@@ -310,10 +316,10 @@ matplotlib.use\(\"Agg\"\)\
         'h5py>=3.10' \
         'ipywidgets>=8.1.2' \
         'notebook>=7.1.2'
-    for f in *.py **/*.py; do python $f || exit 1; done  # run all examples
+    for f in *.py **/*.py; do python "$f" || exit 1; done  # run all examples
     cd "$BUILD_DIRECTORY/examples/python-guide/notebooks"
     sed -i'.bak' 's/INTERACTIVE = False/assert False, \\"Interactive mode disabled\\"/' interactive_plot_example.ipynb
-    jupyter nbconvert --ExecutePreprocessor.timeout=180 --to notebook --execute --inplace *.ipynb || exit 1  # run all notebooks
+    jupyter nbconvert --ExecutePreprocessor.timeout=180 --to notebook --execute --inplace ./*.ipynb || exit 1  # run all notebooks
 
     # importing the library should succeed even if all optional dependencies are not present
     conda uninstall -n $CONDA_ENV --force --yes \