The Atlas chapter and the Interactive Atlas build on several key observational and model simulated datasets made publicly available by different institutions and modelling centres, in some cases resulting from international collaborations such as the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). They also include some datasets produced and used in different chapters of the IPCC Working Group I Sixth Assessment Report (AR6 WGI).
We acknowledge all institutions and modelling centres for making the data publicly available in the LICENSE file of this repository.
The different data sources described below have undergone a common harmonization process (common grids, units, …) to derive the final monthly gridded dataset that underpins the Atlas chapter and the Interactive Atlas products. This final dataset is preserved in the long term and is openly accessible from the IPCC Data Distribution Center (IPCC-DDC catalog entry) in the DIGITAL.CSIC repository. A replica of the data is accessible through the Climate Data Store (CDS) of the CopernicusClimate Change Service (C3S), allowing interactive downloads using the CDS web interface or programmatic access via the CDS API service: “Gridded monthly climate projection dataset underpinning the IPCC AR6 Interactive Atlas”. Additional details can be found in the datasets-interactive-atlas section of this repository.
A regionally aggregated dataset containing monthly precipitation and near surface temperature spatially averaged over the IPCC-WGI reference regions (v4) is directly available from this repository (datasets-aggregated-regionally).
The observational datasets used in the Atlas are described in Table Atlas.SM.15. This repository contains information derived from W5E5 (WFDE5 over land merged with ERA5 over the ocean) dataset.
CMIP and CORDEX datasets were obtained from the Earth System Grid Federation, ESGF (Cinquini et al. 2014, Balaji et al. 2018). An inventory of the data sources of the model simulations used for the different experiments and scenarios is included in the CMIP5, CMIP6 and CORDEX folders in this repository, indicating the availability of the different variables (including details on the particular versions used). The following documents provide an overview of the subset of simulations used for CMIP5, CMIP6 and CORDEX from those available at ESGF by the cut-off date (january 2021): CMIP5_simulations_ATLAS.pdf, CMIP6_simulations_ATLAS.pdf, CORDEX_simulations_ATLAS.pdf.
Unlike CORDEX and CMIP5, the consolidated CMIP6 subset includes multiple realms (atmos, land, ocean, seaIce) and temporal frequencies (day/mon). Tables Atlas.SM.1 to Atlas.SM.14 in the Atlas Suplementary Material present the CMIP5, CMIP6 and CORDEX ensembles and the specific variables used in the Atlas chapter and the Interactive Atlas.
Dataset_DOIs.html contains a searchable table listing the DOIs at the dataset level (for each model and scenario), while README files in the different folders (CMIP5, CMIP6 and CORDEX) provide handle and/or ESGF search links pointing to the specific data files used, including the versions of every model and variable within ESGF to ensure complete traceability of the data.
Note: From these consolidated datasets, multiple indices were calculated at a monthly scale (annual scale for several indices) for the development of the Interactive Atlas and for the assessment done in the Atlas chapter. In particular, this repository includes temperature and precipitation data regionally aggregated over the IPCC-WGI reference regions for CMIP5, CMIP6, and CORDEX. The full monthly gridded dataset is provided by the IPCC-DDC.
Note: This folder traces the exact version of the datasets used in the Atlas. Newer versions of these data may exist in the future for different reasons. Users should visit the ES-DOC Dataset Errata website (https://errata.es-doc.org) to check the availability of newer versions or data retractions in the datasets stored in this repository. Throughout this repository, we have broadly referred to the Scenario Model Intercomparison (ScenarioMIP) as CMIP6. However, please note that other CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs are also included here, namely CORDEX and PMIP (Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project).
The paleoclimate simulations used in the Interactive Atlas were generated using model simulated data from PMIP3 (CMIP5) and PMIP4 (CMIP6) experiments. The data and code are available in the PMIP_for_AR6_Interactive_Atlas WGI GitHub repository (see Zhao et al. 2022).
Sea level rise information used in the Interactive Atlas was obtained from Chapter 9. The sea level projections associated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report are preserved in Gregory et al. 2023. This data is also available via the NASA Sea Level Projection Tool, where it can be explored in greater detail. See IPCC AR6 Sea Level Projections | Zenodo for additional related datasets.
Information on surface Ozone, Particulate Matter (PM2.5), and Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF, due to aerosols) used in the Interactive Atlas was obtained from Chapter 5. This data is not included in this repository.
The Interactive Atlas also includes relevant socioeconomic data to provide context information on the SSPs used in the CMIP6 climate projections. This includes anthropogenic CO2 emissions for the different SSPs (used as forcing by the CMIP6 modelling community) and population data consistent with the different SSPs (used as forcing data by the ISIMIP modelling community). This data is not included in this repository.
The total CO2 anthropogenic emissions data is derived from the input4MIPs datasets detailed below by summing the data from different sources of emission: Annual Aircraft Anthropogenic Emissions (sum of all altitude levels of variable CO2-em-AIR-anthro) and Annual Anthropogenic Emissions of the following sectors (dimension level in the dataset): 0: Agriculture; 1: Energy; 2: Industrial; 3: Transportation; 4: Residential, Commercial, Other; 5: Solvents production and application; 6: Waste; 7: International Shipping (variable CO2-em-anthro).
The decadal gridded data was provided by the input4MIPs project (Feng et al. (2020)). Source: ESGF.
Historical anthropogenic emissions https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/input4MIPs.1241 (Hoesly et al. (2017a, b):
CO2-em-anthro_input4MIPs_emissions_CMIP_CEDS-2017-05-18
CO2-em-AIR-anthro_input4MIPs_emissions_CMIP_CEDS-2017-08-30
Future emissions downscaling and gridding https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/input4MIPs.10464 (Gidden et al., 2018b, c):
[anthro/AIR-anthro]_input4MIPs_emissions_ScenarioMIP_IAMC-REMIND-MAGPIE-ssp585
[anthro/AIR-anthro]_input4MIPs_emissions_ScenarioMIP_IAMC-MESSAGE-GLOBIOM-ssp245
[anthro/AIR-anthro]_input4MIPs_emissions_ScenarioMIP_IAMC-IMAGE-ssp126-1-1
[anthro/AIR-anthro]_input4MIPs_emissions_ScenarioMIP_IAMC-AIM-ssp370-1-1
Gridded population data is included for the historical period and for the different SSPs. Historical annual gridded population data for the period 1861-2005 is based on the HYDE3.2 database Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017. Source: ISIMIP2b. Annual gridded population data for the period 2006-2100 for the different SSPs (1-5) is based on the population projections described in Jones & O’Neill (2016). Source: ISIMIP2b annual values linearly interpolated from the original decadal population data.
AR6: Sixth Assessment Report
CMIP: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
CO2: Carbon dioxide
CORDEX: Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
ECMWF: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
ERA5: ECMWF Re-Analysis the fifth generation
ERF: Effective Radiative Forcing
ES-DOC: Earth System Documentation
ESGF: Earth System Grid Federation
HYDE3.2: History Database of the Global Environment, version 3.2
input4MIPs: Input Datasets for Model Intercomparison Projects
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISIMIP: Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
PM2.5: Particulate Matter
PMIP: Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project
ScenarioMIP: Scenario Model Intercomparison
SSPs: Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
W5E5: WFDE5 over land merged with ERA5 over the ocean
WATCH: Water and Global Change
WCRP: World Climate Research Programme
WFDE5: WATCH Forcing Data methodology applied to ERA5 reanalysis data
WGI: Working Group I