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CryptGPU: Fast Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning on the GPU

CryptGPU is a system for privacy-preserving machine learning based on secure multi-party computation (MPC). supports end-to-end training/inference on the GPU. This implementation is according to the paper: CryptGPU: Fast Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning on the GPU by Sijun Tan, Brian Knott, Yuan Tian, David J. Wu.

The base architecture of our system is adapted from CrypTen, a privacy-preserving machine learning framework (PPML) built on top of PyTorch. CrypTen is a machine learning first framework that aims to make secure computing techniques easily accessible to machine learning practitioners.

WARNING: This codebase is an academic proof-of-concept prototype that is released as a reference to the paper, and for benchmarking purposes. The codebase has not received careful code review, and is NOT ready for production use.

Installing CryptGPU

Caveat: Our system uses torchcsprng as cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator, which generates randomness using AES cipher in CTR mode. In the initialization step, parties need to synchronize AES keys to generate correlated randomness. However, the official packaged version of torchcsprng does not provide a function to generate and synchronize AES key explicitly. To use this functionality, we need to build both PyTorch and torchcsprng from source.

Considering the difficulties building package from source, we provide extra options to build dependencies through pip3 so that developers/researchers can still play with our system and reproduce the experiment results.

If dependencies are installed through pip3, developers/researchers can choose to either a) use torchcsprng without synchronizing keys. b) use PyTorch's RNG that is not cryptographically secure instead. The first option can be used to replicate runtime performance benchmarks, but the system outputs will be incorrect. The second option can be used to run inference/training on our system with correct outputs, but the RNG is not fully secure. To obtain the correct outputs with a CSPRNG, one has to build dependencies from source.

Building dependencies through pip

git clone https://github.com/jeffreysijuntan/CryptGPU
cd CryptGPU
python3 setup.py install

To set launcher.py to setup options. There are two options available, use_csprng and sync_key. If use_csprng is set to True, then torchcsprng will be used as the random number generator. Otherwise, PyTorch's default torchcsprng will be chosen. If sync_key is set to True, then torchcsprng will synchronize AES keys during initialization. An error will be shown if sync_key is set to True and dependencies are not built from source.

Building dependencies from source (on Linux)

First build PyTorch from source

git clone --recursive https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch
cd pytorch
# if you are updating an existing checkout
git checkout 1.6
git submodule sync
git submodule update --init --recursive
export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${CONDA_PREFIX:-"$(dirname $(which conda))/../"}
python setup.py install

Then install torchcsprng and built it from source

git clone https://github.com/pytorch/csprng
cd csprng
git checkout 64fedf7e0ab93188cc06b39308ad2ec0e3771bb2
python setup.py install

Finally, install other dependencies for CryptGPU through pip3

git clone https://github.com/jeffreysijuntan/CryptGPU
cd CryptGPU
pip3 install -r requirements_source.txt
python3 setup.py install

Performance Benchmark

To measure the performance, run scripts/benchmark.py

python3 scripts/benchmark.py --exp inference_all

where --exp specifies the experiments to run. Experiments include inference_all, train_all, train_plaintext, inference_plaintext. This line of command will create three processes locally to simulate 3PC computations.

To run benchmark on AWS servers, we provide scripts to facilitate this process. First, put AWS instance ids into launch_aws.sh (comma seperated, no empty space). Then, go to launcher.py to specify the benchmark experiment to run. Finally, execute

bash launch_aws.sh

Comparison with CrypTen

The base architecture of our system is adapted from CrypTen. CrypTen uses beaver triples as the basic building block, and scales to arbitrarily many parties. We instead only consider the 3PC setting, and use replicated-secret sharing as our basic building block. Our system only supports a limited number of protocols that is necessary for inference/training over convolutional neural networks described in our paper. The operations that we support are: matrix multiplication, convolution, ReLU, average pooling, batch normalization (only for inference), and cross-entropy loss. CrypTen additionally supports a much wider range of operations (e.g sigmoid, tanh) that is not covered in our paper, we therefore remove many operations from CrypTen that we do not describe in our paper. Please check out CrypTen if you are interested in these additional operations. We also have plans to migrate some components described in this paper to CrypTen in the near future.

Citation

You can cite the paper using the following bibtex entry

@inproceedings{TKTW21,
  author     = {Sijun Tan and Brian Knott and Yuan Tian and David J. Wu},
  title      = {\textsc{CryptGPU}: Fast Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning on the GPU},
  booktitle  = {{IEEE} {S\&P}},
  year       = {2021}
}