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<a class="article-title" href="/2020/10/22/Golang%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E5%BA%93%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94/">Golang日志库对比</a>
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<h2 id="一、Golang-Built-In-log-package"><a href="#一、Golang-Built-In-log-package" class="headerlink" title="一、Golang Built-In log package"></a>一、Golang Built-In log package</h2><p>Go标准库log提供了最基础的日志功能。没有提供日志级别，但是它为用户提供了构建日志策略所需的最基本的属性。</p>
<h3 id="简单使用"><a href="#简单使用" class="headerlink" title="简单使用"></a>简单使用</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="string">"log"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 向标准输出打印，日志信息包含日期和时间（可以通过日期过滤日志信息）</span></span><br><span class="line"> log.Println(<span class="string">"Hello world!"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2020/09/28 10:36:32 Hello world! 控制台打印信息</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>默认情况下，log package将日志信息打印到标准输出中，但是可以配置输出到任意实现了<code>io.Writer</code>接口的位置中，例如输出到文件中。</p>
<h3 id="日志输出到文件中"><a href="#日志输出到文件中" class="headerlink" title="日志输出到文件中"></a>日志输出到文件中</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"log"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"os"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// if the file doesn't exist, create it or append to the file</span></span><br><span class="line"> file, err := os.OpenFile(<span class="string">"log.txt"</span>, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, <span class="number">0666</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatal(err)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> log.SetOutput(file) <span class="comment">// 将日志信息输出到文件中</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> log.Println(<span class="string">"Hello world!"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2020/09/28 10:36:32 Hello world! 输出到文件中的日志信息</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="基于log标准库，构建自定义logger"><a href="#基于log标准库，构建自定义logger" class="headerlink" title="基于log标准库，构建自定义logger"></a>基于log标准库，构建自定义logger</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"log"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"os"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 定义不同级别的日志类型</span></span><br><span class="line"> WarningLogger *log.Logger</span><br><span class="line"> InfoLogger *log.Logger</span><br><span class="line"> ErrorLogger *log.Logger</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> file, err := os.OpenFile(<span class="string">"log.txt"</span>, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, <span class="number">0666</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatal(err)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 为每种日志类型定义输出格式：输出位置，日志前缀信息，提示信息：日期 ｜ 时间 ｜ src文件位置及行号</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 报告文件位置及行号，调用runtime.Caller()性能消耗大</span></span><br><span class="line"> InfoLogger = log.New(file, <span class="string">"INFO: "</span>, log.Ldate|log.Ltime|log.Llongfile) <span class="comment">// 可以将不同级别的日志输出不同文件中</span></span><br><span class="line"> WarningLogger = log.New(file, <span class="string">"WARNING"</span>, log.Ldate|log.Ltime|log.Lshortfile)</span><br><span class="line"> ErrorLogger = log.New(file, <span class="string">"ERROR"</span>, log.Ldate|log.Ltime|log.Lshortfile)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> InfoLogger.Println(<span class="string">"Starting the application..."</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> InfoLogger.Println(<span class="string">"Something noteworthy happened"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> WarningLogger.Println(<span class="string">"There is something you should know about"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> ErrorLogger.Println(<span class="string">"Something went wrong"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>新构建的Info，warning，error三种级别的日志类型；对日志格式设置了前缀信息，时间，行号等附加信息。以上代码的日志输出如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">INFO: 2020/09/28 10:36:32 main.go:26: Starting the application...</span><br><span class="line">INFO: 2020/09/28 10:36:32 main.go:27: Something noteworthy happened</span><br><span class="line">WARNING2020/09/28 10:36:32 main.go:28: There is something you should know about</span><br><span class="line">ERROR2020/09/28 10:36:32 main.go:29: Something went wrong</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="性能消耗"><a href="#性能消耗" class="headerlink" title="性能消耗"></a>性能消耗</h3><p>runtime.Caller()能够拿到当前执行的文件名和行号，这个方法几乎所有的日志组件都有使用。</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Caller reports file and line number information about function invocations on</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// the calling goroutine's stack. The argument skip is the number of stack frames</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// to ascend, with 0 identifying the caller of Caller. (For historical reasons the</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// meaning of skip differs between Caller and Callers.) The return values report the</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// program counter, file name, and line number within the file of the corresponding</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// call. The boolean ok is false if it was not possible to recover the information.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">Caller</span><span class="params">(skip <span class="keyword">int</span>)</span> <span class="params">(pc <span class="keyword">uintptr</span>, file <span class="keyword">string</span>, line <span class="keyword">int</span>, ok <span class="keyword">bool</span>)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> rpc := <span class="built_in">make</span>([]<span class="keyword">uintptr</span>, <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> n := callers(skip+<span class="number">1</span>, rpc[:])</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> n < <span class="number">1</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> frame, _ := CallersFrames(rpc).Next()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> frame.PC, frame.File, frame.Line, frame.PC != <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个函数开销很大。主要通过不停的迭代来跟踪到执行文件及行号，迭代过程单次消耗时间可以忽略不计，但是对于日志量巨大的服务而言影响还是很大的。</p>
<h2 id="二、Google-Glog"><a href="#二、Google-Glog" class="headerlink" title="二、Google/Glog"></a>二、Google/Glog</h2><p>Google/glog是C++版本google/glog的Go版本实现，实现了分级执行日志。 在kubernetes中，glog是默认的日志库。</p>
<h3 id="Overview"><a href="#Overview" class="headerlink" title="Overview"></a>Overview</h3><ul>
<li><p>glog将日志级别分为四种，分别是：INFO、WARNING、ERROR、FATAL，打印完日志后程序将会推出（os.Exit()）。</p>
</li>
<li><p>每个日志等级对应一个日志文件，低等级的日志文件除了包含该等级的日志，还会包含高等级的日志。</p>
</li>
<li><p>日志文件可以根据大小切割，但不能根据日期切割。</p>
</li>
<li><p>日志文件名称格式：program.host.username.log.log_level.date-time.pid，不可自定义。</p>
</li>
<li><p>固定日志输出格式：Lmmdd hh:mm:ss.uuuuuu pid file:line] msg，不可自定义。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="简单使用-1"><a href="#简单使用-1" class="headerlink" title="简单使用"></a>简单使用</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"flag"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"github.com/golang/glog"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> flag.Parse()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">defer</span> glog.Flush() <span class="comment">// flush all pending log I/O</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> glog.Infoln(<span class="string">"This is info message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> glog.Infof(<span class="string">"This is info message: %+v"</span>, <span class="number">12345</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> glog.Warningln(<span class="string">"This is warning message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> glog.Warningf(<span class="string">"This is warning message: %+v"</span>, <span class="number">12345</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> glog.Errorln(<span class="string">"This is error message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> glog.Errorf(<span class="string">"This is error message: %+v"</span>, <span class="number">12345</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> glog.Fatal(<span class="string">"This is fatal error"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>运行程序：</p>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ mkdir -p <span class="built_in">log</span> && go run main.go -log_dir=<span class="built_in">log</span> -alsologtostderr</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以上打印日志将会同时打印在<code>log/</code>目录和标准错误输出中（<code>-alsologtostderr</code>）</p>
<h2 id="三、结构化日志框架Logrus"><a href="#三、结构化日志框架Logrus" class="headerlink" title="三、结构化日志框架Logrus"></a>三、结构化日志框架Logrus</h2><h3 id="Overview-1"><a href="#Overview-1" class="headerlink" title="Overview"></a>Overview</h3><ul>
<li>完全兼容Golang标准库日志模块，因此对于使用<code>log</code>标准库的项目，可以使用<code>log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"</code>直接替换即可。</li>
<li>logrus拥有七种日志级别：trace、debug、info、warn、error、fatal、panic，相当于标准库<code>log</code>的超集。</li>
<li>可扩展的Hook机制“允许使用者通过hook的方式将日志分发到任意地方，如本地文件系统、标准输出、logstash、elasticsearch或者mq等；或者通过hook定义日志内容和格式等。</li>
<li>可选的日志输出格式：logrus内置了两种日志格式。JSONFormatter和TextFormatter，如果这两个格式都不满足要求，可以通过实现Formatter接口，自定义日志格式。目前logrus支持的第三方日志格式也比较多，如FluentdFormatter、GELF、logstash等。</li>
<li>Field机制：logrus鼓励通过Field机制进行精细化的、结构化的日志记录，而不是通过冗长的消息来记录日志。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="简单使用-2"><a href="#简单使用-2" class="headerlink" title="简单使用"></a>简单使用</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> log <span class="string">"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"os"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.SetFormatter(&log.JSONFormatter{}) <span class="comment">// 日志格式</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.SetOutput(os.Stdout) <span class="comment">// 重定向输出</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.SetLevel(log.TraceLevel) <span class="comment">// 日志显示级别</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 报告被调用位置（文件及行号）!!! 开启此功能对性能开销大</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 考虑通过Hook的方式定制需要此功能的日志级别；比如对ERROR级别及以上的日志报告文件名及行号</span></span><br><span class="line"> log.SetReportCaller(<span class="literal">true</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.Traceln(<span class="string">"Trace message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.Debugln(<span class="string">"Debug message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.Println(<span class="string">"Info message by Print func"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Infoln(<span class="string">"Info message by Info func"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.Warningln(<span class="string">"Warning message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.Errorln(<span class="string">"Error message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>TextFormatter和JSONFormatter标准错误输出分别如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">TRAC[0000]/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:12 main.main() Trace message</span><br><span class="line">DEBU[0000]/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:14 main.main() Debug message</span><br><span class="line">INFO[0000]/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:16 main.main() Info message by Print func</span><br><span class="line">INFO[0000]/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:17 main.main() Info message by Info func</span><br><span class="line">WARN[0000]/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:19 main.main() Warning message</span><br><span class="line">ERRO[0000]/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:21 main.main() Error message</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{<span class="attr">"file"</span>:<span class="string">"/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:13"</span>,<span class="attr">"func"</span>:<span class="string">"main.main"</span>,<span class="attr">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"trace"</span>,<span class="attr">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Trace message"</span>,<span class="attr">"time"</span>:<span class="string">"2020-09-28T15:22:39+08:00"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="attr">"file"</span>:<span class="string">"/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:15"</span>,<span class="attr">"func"</span>:<span class="string">"main.main"</span>,<span class="attr">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"debug"</span>,<span class="attr">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Debug message"</span>,<span class="attr">"time"</span>:<span class="string">"2020-09-28T15:22:39+08:00"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="attr">"file"</span>:<span class="string">"/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:17"</span>,<span class="attr">"func"</span>:<span class="string">"main.main"</span>,<span class="attr">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="attr">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Info message by Print func"</span>,<span class="attr">"time"</span>:<span class="string">"2020-09-28T15:22:39+08:00"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="attr">"file"</span>:<span class="string">"/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:18"</span>,<span class="attr">"func"</span>:<span class="string">"main.main"</span>,<span class="attr">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="attr">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Info message by Info func"</span>,<span class="attr">"time"</span>:<span class="string">"2020-09-28T15:22:39+08:00"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="attr">"file"</span>:<span class="string">"/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:20"</span>,<span class="attr">"func"</span>:<span class="string">"main.main"</span>,<span class="attr">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"warning"</span>,<span class="attr">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Warning message"</span>,<span class="attr">"time"</span>:<span class="string">"2020-09-28T15:22:39+08:00"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="attr">"file"</span>:<span class="string">"/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-logrus/main.go:22"</span>,<span class="attr">"func"</span>:<span class="string">"main.main"</span>,<span class="attr">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"error"</span>,<span class="attr">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Error message"</span>,<span class="attr">"time"</span>:<span class="string">"2020-09-28T15:22:39+08:00"</span>}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="FieldS用法"><a href="#FieldS用法" class="headerlink" title="FieldS用法"></a>FieldS用法</h3><p>logrus不推荐使用冗长的消息来记录运行信息，它推荐使用Fields来进行精细化的、结构化的信息记录。</p>
<p>例如下面的记录日志的方式：</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">log.Errorf(<span class="string">"Failed to send event %s to topic %s with key %d"</span>, event, topic, key)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在logrus中鼓励使用以下方式替代：</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">log.WithFields(log.Fields{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"event"</span>: event,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"topic"</span>: topic,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"key"</span>: key,</span><br><span class="line">}).Errorf(<span class="string">"Failed to send event"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>通常,在一个应用中、或者应用的一部分中，都有一些固定的Field。比如在处理用户http请求时，上下文中，所有的日志都会有request_id和user_ip。为了避免每次记录日志都要使用log.WithFields(log.Fields{“request_id”: request_id, “user_ip”: user_ip})，我们可以创建一个logrus.Entry实例,为这个实例设置默认Fields,在上下文中使用这个logrus.Entry实例记录日志即可。</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">logEntry := log.WithFields(log.Fields{<span class="string">"request_id"</span>: requestID, <span class="string">"user_ip"</span>: userIP})</span><br><span class="line">logEntry.Infoln(<span class="string">"Something happened on that request"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="四、结构化日志框架Uber-Zap"><a href="#四、结构化日志框架Uber-Zap" class="headerlink" title="四、结构化日志框架Uber/Zap"></a>四、结构化日志框架Uber/Zap</h2><h3 id="Overview-2"><a href="#Overview-2" class="headerlink" title="Overview"></a>Overview</h3><p>Blazing fast, structure, leveled logging in Go</p>
<p>根据Uber-go Zap的文档，它的性能比类似的结构化日志库更好，也比标准库更快。可参看<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/uber-go/zap">基准测试的对比表</a>。</p>
<h3 id="简单使用-3"><a href="#简单使用-3" class="headerlink" title="简单使用"></a>简单使用</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"go.uber.org/zap"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> log *zap.Logger</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// zap提供了三种默认配置，分别对应NewExample() / NewDevelopment() / NewProduction()三个方法</span></span><br><span class="line"> log = zap.NewExample()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// log, _ = zap.NewDevelopment()</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// log, _ = zap.NewProduction()</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">defer</span> log.Sync() <span class="comment">// flush buffers</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.Debug(<span class="string">"Debug message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Info(<span class="string">"Info message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Warn(<span class="string">"Warning message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Error(<span class="string">"Error message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//log.Panic("Panic message")</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//log.Fatal("Fatal message")</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>标准输出日志如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># NewExample()对应配置的输出</span></span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"debug"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Debug message"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Info message"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"warn"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Warning message"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"error"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Error message"</span>}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># NewDevelopment()对应配置的输出</span></span><br><span class="line">2020-09-28T17:49:26.098+0800 DEBUG go-zap/main.go:19 Debug message</span><br><span class="line">2020-09-28T17:49:26.099+0800 INFO go-zap/main.go:20 Info message</span><br><span class="line">2020-09-28T17:49:26.099+0800 WARN go-zap/main.go:21 Warning message</span><br><span class="line">main.main</span><br><span class="line"> /Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-zap/main.go:21</span><br><span class="line">runtime.main</span><br><span class="line"> /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/go/src/runtime/proc.go:204</span><br><span class="line">2020-09-28T17:49:26.099+0800 ERROR go-zap/main.go:22 Error message</span><br><span class="line">main.main</span><br><span class="line"> /Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-zap/main.go:22</span><br><span class="line">runtime.main</span><br><span class="line"> /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/go/src/runtime/proc.go:204</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># NewProduction()对应配置的输出</span></span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="string">"ts"</span>:1601286676.22206,<span class="string">"caller"</span>:<span class="string">"go-zap/main.go:20"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Info message"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"warn"</span>,<span class="string">"ts"</span>:1601286676.22211,<span class="string">"caller"</span>:<span class="string">"go-zap/main.go:21"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Warning message"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"error"</span>,<span class="string">"ts"</span>:1601286676.222116,<span class="string">"caller"</span>:<span class="string">"go-zap/main.go:22"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Error message"</span>,<span class="string">"stacktrace"</span>:<span class="string">"main.main\n\t/Users/penglin/gopath/src/github.com/Niclausse/golang-log-study/go-zap/main.go:22\nruntime.main\n\t/usr/local/go/src/runtime/proc.go:204"</span>}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>除了使用zap提供的默认配置，用户也可以自定义配置，定制Logger。</p>
<h3 id="Fields用法"><a href="#Fields用法" class="headerlink" title="Fields用法"></a>Fields用法</h3><p>由于<code>fmt.Printf</code>之类的方法大量使用<code>interface{}</code>和反射，会有不少性能损失，并且增加了内存分配的频次。<code>zap</code>为了提高性能、减少内存分配次数，没有使用反射，而且默认的<code>Logger</code>只支持强类型的、结构化的日志。必须使用<code>zap</code>提供的方法记录字段。<code>zap</code>为 Go 语言中所有的基本类型和其他常见类型都提供了方法。也有任意类型的字段：<code>zap.Any()</code>、<code>zap.Binary()</code>等。</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">log.Error(<span class="string">"Failed to send event"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> zap.String(<span class="string">"request_id"</span>, requestID),</span><br><span class="line"> zap.String(<span class="string">"user_ip"</span>, userIP),</span><br><span class="line"> zap.Int64(<span class="string">"index"</span>, index),</span><br><span class="line"> zap.Duration(<span class="string">"request_time"</span>, time.Second),</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>为每个字段都用方法包一层用起来比较繁琐。zap也提供了便捷的方法SugarLogger，可以使用<code>printf</code>格式符的方式。调用<code>logger.Sugar()</code>创建<code>SugaredLogger</code></p>
<p>。<code>SugaredLogger</code>的使用比<code>Logger</code>简单，只是性能要低50%左右，可以用在<strong>非热点函数</strong>中。</p>
<h3 id="记录层级关系"><a href="#记录层级关系" class="headerlink" title="记录层级关系"></a>记录层级关系</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 记录层级关系</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 方式1</span></span><br><span class="line">log.Info(<span class="string">"tracked some metrics"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> zap.Namespace(<span class="string">"metrics"</span>),</span><br><span class="line"> zap.Int64(<span class="string">"counter"</span>, <span class="number">1</span>),</span><br><span class="line"> zap.String(<span class="string">"name"</span>, <span class="string">"m1"</span>),</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 方式2</span></span><br><span class="line">logger := log.With(</span><br><span class="line"> zap.Namespace(<span class="string">"metrics"</span>),</span><br><span class="line"> zap.Int(<span class="string">"counter"</span>, <span class="number">1</span>),</span><br><span class="line"> zap.String(<span class="string">"name"</span>, <span class="string">"m2"</span>),</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line">logger.Info(<span class="string">"tracked some metrics"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>日志输出如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"tracked some metrics"</span>,<span class="string">"metrics"</span>:{<span class="string">"counter"</span>:1,<span class="string">"name"</span>:<span class="string">"m1"</span>}}</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"tracked some metrics"</span>,<span class="string">"metrics"</span>:{<span class="string">"counter"</span>:1,<span class="string">"name"</span>:<span class="string">"m2"</span>}}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="五、Iris框架中使用的日志库-→golog"><a href="#五、Iris框架中使用的日志库-→golog" class="headerlink" title="五、Iris框架中使用的日志库 →golog"></a>五、Iris框架中使用的日志库 →golog</h2><p>与glog类似，golog也是实现了日志分级的简单高效的日志库，不需要任何依赖。支持的日志级别如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Method</th>
<th>Text</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>debug</td>
<td>Debug, Debugf</td>
<td>[DEBUG]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>info</td>
<td>Info, Infof</td>
<td>[INFO]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>warn</td>
<td>Warn, Warnf, Warningf</td>
<td>[WARN]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>error</td>
<td>Error, Errorf</td>
<td>[ERROR]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fatal</td>
<td>Fatal, Fatalf</td>
<td>[FATAL]</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="简单使用-4"><a href="#简单使用-4" class="headerlink" title="简单使用"></a>简单使用</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> log <span class="string">"github.com/kataras/golog"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.SetLevel(<span class="string">"debug"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> log.Println(<span class="string">"Println message, no levels, no colors"</span>) <span class="comment">// 不会打印日志级别</span></span><br><span class="line"> log.Debug(<span class="string">"Debug message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Info(<span class="string">"Info message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Warn(<span class="string">"Warning message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Error(<span class="string">"Error message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatal(<span class="string">"Fatal message"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">2020/09/28 19:22 Println message, no levels, no colors</span><br><span class="line">[DBUG] 2020/09/28 19:22 Debug message</span><br><span class="line">[INFO] 2020/09/28 19:22 Info message</span><br><span class="line">[WARN] 2020/09/28 19:22 Warning message</span><br><span class="line">[ERRO] 2020/09/28 19:22 Error message</span><br><span class="line">[FTAL] 2020/09/28 19:22 Fatal message</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exit</span> status 1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="集成Level-based标准Logger"><a href="#集成Level-based标准Logger" class="headerlink" title="集成Level-based标准Logger"></a>集成Level-based标准Logger</h3><p>使用<code>Install</code>和<code>InstallStd</code>方法可以将<code>golog</code>包裹在其它日志库logger之上。（任何实现了<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/kataras/golog#ExternalLogger">ExternalLogger</a>接口的Logger都可以适配）</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Simulate a logrus logger preparation</span></span><br><span class="line">logrus.SetLevel(logrus.InfoLevel)</span><br><span class="line">logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.JSONFormatter{})</span><br><span class="line">logrus.SetReportCaller(<span class="literal">true</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">log.Install(logrus.StandardLogger())</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">log.Debugf(<span class="string">"Failed to send message: %s"</span>, <span class="string">"hello world!"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">log.Infof(<span class="string">"Failed to send message: %s"</span>, <span class="string">"hello world!"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight zsh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{<span class="string">"file"</span>:<span class="string">"/Users/penglin/gopath/pkg/mod/github.com/kataras/[email protected]/integration.go:28"</span>,<span class="string">"func"</span>:<span class="string">"github.com/kataras/golog.integrateExternalLogger.func1"</span>,<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="string">"msg"</span>:<span class="string">"Failed to send message: hello world!"</span>,<span class="string">"time"</span>:<span class="string">"2020-09-28T19:56:26+08:00"</span>}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="六、特性对比"><a href="#六、特性对比" class="headerlink" title="六、特性对比"></a>六、特性对比</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>日志分级</th>
<th>ReportCaller报告文件及行号</th>
<th>输出格式</th>
<th>日志切割</th>
<th>典型应用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>log</td>
<td>不支持</td>
<td>不支持</td>
<td>text</td>
<td>不支持，需自定义</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kataras/golog</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>不支持</td>
<td>text</td>
<td>不支持，需自定义</td>
<td>Iris</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>google/glog</td>
<td>支持（无DEBUG）</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>text</td>
<td>只能根据日志文件大小切割，不能根据日期切割</td>
<td>k8s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>logrus</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>支持结构化输出。支持第三方日志格式（如Fluentd, logstash, elastic search、mq等），也可通过Hook自定义logging formaater</td>
<td>不支持，需配合第三方库，如file-rotatelogs</td>
<td>Docker, Prometheus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Uber/zap</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>支持结构化输出</td>
<td>不支持，需配合第三方库，如lumberjack</td>
<td>Uber，Bilibili部分应用</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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