dev@lang

Languages

Misc information

• DSL Syllabus: https://github.com/jeanqasaur/dsl-syllabus-fall-2016/blob/master/README.md

Oracle GraalVM

• https://blogs.oracle.com/developers/announcing-graalvm
• http://www.graalvm.org/docs/graalvm-as-a-platform/
• https://github.com/oracle/graal
• https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/truffle/docs/Languages.md

Eric Lippert

• https://ericlippert.com/2018/10/31/anti-unification-part-2/ (then go back back back...)

Mikhail Barash

https://medium.com/@mikhail.barash.mikbar

• ABC of Kotlin: https://medium.com/@mikhail.barash.mikbar/an-abc-of-kotlin-62b1867df8c2
• ABC of Jetbrain's MPS: https://medium.com/@mikhail.barash.mikbar/abc-of-jetbrains-mps-33bed30c330b
• A tale about domain-specific languages: https://medium.com/@mikhail.barash.mikbar/a-tale-about-domain-specific-languages-bde2ace22f6c
• Looking at code through the prism of JetBrains MPS: https://medium.com/@mikhail.barash.mikbar/looking-at-code-through-the-prism-of-jetbrains-mps-8e9b70e3257d
• Papers on programming languages: ideas from 70's for today: https://medium.com/@mikhail.barash.mikbar/papers-on-programming-languages-ideas-from-70s-for-today-2931891d4dbd
• Language Wheel?�?language engineering for everyone: https://medium.com/@mikhail.barash.mikbar/language-wheel-language-engineering-for-everyone-8a2a55e23a45
  • http://www.metaborg.org/en/latest/
  • https://www.eclipse.org/Xtext/
  • MPS https://www.jetbrains.com/mps/
    • http://mbeddr.com/index.html
    • https://www.jetbrains.com/youtrack/specials/youtrack.html

Lesser-known languages worth looking at

Microsoft Researh

• Bosque
• Koka
  • https://github.com/koka-lang/koka
  • https://www.rise4fun.com/koka/tutorial
  • See also Eff (Non-MS)

Crystal

• Ruby-like, statically type checked, built-in type inference
• C-bindings
• Null representation: union between the type and nil

Example:

if rand(2) > 0
  my_string = "hello world"
end

puts my_string.upcase

gives:

$ crystal hello_world.cr
Error in hello_world.cr:5: undefined method 'upcase' for Nil (compile-time type is (String | Nil))

puts my_string.upcase

Nim

• Python-like
• Inspiration from Ada and modula
• Modern type system with local type inference, tuples, generics and sum types.
• Nim's memory management is deterministic and customizable with destructors and move semantics, inspired by C++ and Rust.

import strformat

type
  Person = object
    name: string
    age: Natural # Ensures the age is positive

let people = [
  Person(name: "John", age: 45),
  Person(name: "Kate", age: 30)
]

for person in people:
  # Type-safe string interpolation,
  # evaluated at compile time.
  echo(fmt"{person.name} is {person.age} years old")

Zig

• GitHub: Zig

const std = @import("std");
const json = std.json;
const payload =
    \\{
    \\    "vals": {
    \\        "testing": 1,
    \\        "production": 42
    \\    },
    \\    "uptime": 9999
    \\}
;
const Config = struct {
    vals: struct { testing: u8, production: u8 },
    uptime: u64,
};
const config = x: {
    var stream = json.TokenStream.init(payload);
    const res = json.parse(Config, &stream, .{});
    // Assert no error can occur since we are
    // parsing this JSON at comptime!
    break :x res catch unreachable;
};
pub fn main() !void {
    if (config.vals.production > 50) {
        @compileError("only up to 50 supported");
    }
    std.log.info("up={d}", .{config.uptime});
}