Fix apple#823

When a Pkl object is instantiated, it captures the current frame's receiver and owner
by storing `frame.materialize()`. Because a materialized frame is a reference to, not a snapshot of,
a virtual frame, this way of capturing receiver and owner is only safe if the virtual frame's
receiver and owner are never mutated.
However, TypeAliasTypeNode does mutate receiver and owner (3d1db25), which is why a
VmListingOrMapping instantiated by ListingOrMappingTypeNode must store them individually
instead of storing `frame.materialize()`.

To rule out that the same problem surfaces elsewhere, it might be a good idea to do one of the following:
* stop mutating receiver and owner
* change the way Pkl objects capture receiver and owner

pkl-core/src/main/java/org/pkl/core/ast/type/TypeNode.java

@@ -1432,11 +1432,13 @@ public Object execute(VirtualFrame frame, Object value) {
         return vmListing;
       }
       return new VmListing(
-          frame.materialize(),
+          vmListing.getEnclosingFrame(),
           vmListing,
           EconomicMaps.emptyMap(),
           vmListing.getLength(),
-          getValueTypeCastNode());
+          getValueTypeCastNode(),
+          VmUtils.getReceiver(frame),
+          VmUtils.getOwner(frame));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -1498,7 +1500,12 @@ public Object execute(VirtualFrame frame, Object value) {
         return vmMapping;
       }
       return new VmMapping(
-          frame.materialize(), vmMapping, EconomicMaps.emptyMap(), getValueTypeCastNode());
+          vmMapping.getEnclosingFrame(),
+          vmMapping,
+          EconomicMaps.emptyMap(),
+          getValueTypeCastNode(),
+          VmUtils.getReceiver(frame),
+          VmUtils.getOwner(frame));
     }
 
     @Override

pkl-core/src/main/java/org/pkl/core/runtime/VmListing.java

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public VmListing(
       VmObject parent,
       UnmodifiableEconomicMap<Object, ObjectMember> members,
       int length) {
-    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members, null);
+    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members);
     this.length = length;
   }
 
@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ public VmListing(
       VmObject parent,
       UnmodifiableEconomicMap<Object, ObjectMember> members,
       int length,
-      ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode typeCastNode) {
-    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members, typeCastNode);
+      ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode typeCastNode,
+      Object typeCheckReceiver,
+      VmObjectLike typeCheckOwner) {
+    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members, typeCastNode, typeCheckReceiver, typeCheckOwner);
     this.length = length;
   }
 

pkl-core/src/main/java/org/pkl/core/runtime/VmListingOrMapping.java

@@ -29,14 +29,30 @@
 public abstract class VmListingOrMapping extends VmObject {
   // reified type of listing elements and mapping values
   private final @Nullable ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode typeCastNode;
+  private final @Nullable Object typeCheckReceiver;
+  private final @Nullable VmObjectLike typeCheckOwner;
+
+  public VmListingOrMapping(
+      MaterializedFrame enclosingFrame,
+      @Nullable VmObject parent,
+      UnmodifiableEconomicMap<Object, ObjectMember> members) {
+    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members);
+    typeCastNode = null;
+    typeCheckReceiver = null;
+    typeCheckOwner = null;
+  }
 
   public VmListingOrMapping(
       MaterializedFrame enclosingFrame,
       @Nullable VmObject parent,
       UnmodifiableEconomicMap<Object, ObjectMember> members,
-      @Nullable ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode typeCastNode) {
+      ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode typeCastNode,
+      Object typeCheckReceiver,
+      VmObjectLike typeCheckOwner) {
     super(enclosingFrame, parent, members);
     this.typeCastNode = typeCastNode;
+    this.typeCheckReceiver = typeCheckReceiver;
+    this.typeCheckOwner = typeCheckOwner;
   }
 
   public final Object doTypeCast(
@@ -58,7 +74,7 @@ public final Object doTypeCast(
     if (typeCastNode == null || typeCastNode == nextTypeCastNode) return result;
     var callTarget = typeCastNode.getCallTarget();
     try {
-      return callNode.call(callTarget, getEnclosingReceiver(), getEnclosingOwner(), result);
+      return callNode.call(callTarget, typeCheckReceiver, typeCheckOwner, result);
     } catch (VmException e) {
       CompilerDirectives.transferToInterpreter();
       if (member != null) {

pkl-core/src/main/java/org/pkl/core/runtime/VmMapping.java

@@ -49,15 +49,17 @@ public VmMapping(
       MaterializedFrame enclosingFrame,
       VmObject parent,
       UnmodifiableEconomicMap<Object, ObjectMember> members) {
-    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members, null);
+    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members);
   }
 
   public VmMapping(
       MaterializedFrame enclosingFrame,
       VmObject parent,
       UnmodifiableEconomicMap<Object, ObjectMember> members,
-      ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode typeCastNode) {
-    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members, typeCastNode);
+      ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode typeCastNode,
+      Object typeCheckReceiver,
+      VmObjectLike typeCheckOwner) {
+    super(enclosingFrame, parent, members, typeCastNode, typeCheckReceiver, typeCheckOwner);
   }
 
   public static boolean isDefaultProperty(Object propertyKey) {

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/types/helpers/originalTypealias.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const local lastName = "Birdo"
+
+typealias Birds = Listing<String(endsWith(lastName))>
+
+typealias Birds2 = Pair<Listing<String(endsWith(lastName))>, Int>

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/types/typeAlias1.pkl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:test"
 
+import "helpers/originalTypealias.pkl"
+
 typealias Simple = String
 const function simple(arg: Simple): Simple = arg
 
@@ -105,3 +107,8 @@ res19: LocalTypeAlias = "abc"
 typealias VeryComposite = Pair<Composite, Composite>
 
 res20: VeryComposite = Pair(Map("abc", List("def")), Map("abc", List("def")))
+
+// typealiases should be executed in their original context
+res21: originalTypealias.Birds = new { "John Birdo" }
+
+res22: originalTypealias.Birds2 = Pair(new Listing { "John Birdo" }, 0)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/types/typeAliasContext.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import "helpers/originalTypealias.pkl"
+
+res: originalTypealias.Birds = new { "Jimmy Bird" }

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/types/typeAlias1.pcf

@@ -38,3 +38,9 @@ res18 = "Expected value of type `Duration`, but got type `DataSize`. Value: 5.mb
 res18b = "Expected value of type `Duration`, but got type `DataSize`. Value: 5.mb"
 res19 = "abc"
 res20 = Pair(Map("abc", List("def")), Map("abc", List("def")))
+res21 {
+  "John Birdo"
+}
+res22 = Pair(new {
+  "John Birdo"
+}, 0)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/types/typeAliasContext.err

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+–– Pkl Error ––
+Type constraint `endsWith(lastName)` violated.
+Value: "Jimmy Bird"
+
+x | typealias Birds = Listing<String(endsWith(lastName))>
+                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+at typeAliasContext#res (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/helpers/originalTypealias.pkl)
+
+x | res: originalTypealias.Birds = new { "Jimmy Bird" }
+                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^
+at typeAliasContext#res[#1] (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/typeAliasContext.pkl)
+
+xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
+             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)