diff --git a/storage.go b/storage.go
index e9a5792..71b30bf 100644
--- a/storage.go
+++ b/storage.go
@@ -1236,6 +1236,23 @@ func (s *PersistentSlabStorage) existIfLoaded(id StorageID) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// GetAllChildReferences returns child references of given slab (all levels),
+// including nested container and theirs child references.
+func (s *PersistentSlabStorage) GetAllChildReferences(id StorageID) (
+	references []StorageID,
+	brokenReferences []StorageID,
+	err error,
+) {
+	slab, found, err := s.Retrieve(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if !found {
+		return nil, nil, NewSlabNotFoundErrorf(id, fmt.Sprintf("failed to get root slab by id %s", id))
+	}
+	return s.getAllChildReferences(slab)
+}
+
 // getAllChildReferences returns child references of given slab (all levels).
 func (s *PersistentSlabStorage) getAllChildReferences(slab Slab) (
 	references []StorageID,
diff --git a/storage_test.go b/storage_test.go
index e9a6232..8a06ceb 100644
--- a/storage_test.go
+++ b/storage_test.go
@@ -2997,3 +2997,1491 @@ func TestFixLoadedBrokenReferences(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, fixedData[rootID2], savedData)
 	})
 }
+
+func TestGetAllChildReferencesFromArray(t *testing.T) {
+	address := Address{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
+
+	t.Run("empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root data slab without refs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root data slab with ref to nested element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		parentRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			parentRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+			},
+
+			childRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, parentRootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root data slab with broken ref", func(t *testing.T) {
+		parentRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			parentRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, parentRootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1, nonRootID2}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x81,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array meta data slab flag
+				0x81,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, count, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe4,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0e,
+			},
+
+			// (data slab) next: 3, data: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]
+			nonRootID1: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x00,
+				// next storage id
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x09,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+			},
+
+			// (data slab) next: 0, data: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... StorageID(...)]
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x40,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab with broken ref to first data slab", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID2}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x81,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array meta data slab flag
+				0x81,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, count, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe4,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0e,
+			},
+
+			// (data slab) next: 0, data: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... StorageID(...)]
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x40,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab with ref", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1, nonRootID2, childRootID}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x81,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array meta data slab flag
+				0x81,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, count, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe4,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0e,
+			},
+
+			// (data slab) next: 3, data: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]
+			nonRootID1: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x00,
+				// next storage id
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x09,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+			},
+
+			// (data slab) next: 0, data: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... StorageID(...)]
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x40,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+			},
+
+			childRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab with broken ref to nested element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1, nonRootID2}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x81,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array meta data slab flag
+				0x81,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, count, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe4,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0e,
+			},
+
+			// (data slab) next: 3, data: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]
+			nonRootID1: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x00,
+				// next storage id
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x09,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+			},
+
+			// (data slab) next: 0, data: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... StorageID(...)]
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x40,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x0b,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("3-level of nested containers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		parentRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		gchildRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID, gchildRootID}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			parentRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+			},
+
+			childRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+			},
+
+			gchildRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, parentRootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetAllChildReferencesFromMap(t *testing.T) {
+	address := Address{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
+
+	t.Run("empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+				// count: 0
+				0x00,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 1)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// elements (array of 0 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root data slab without refs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+				// count: 1
+				0x01,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 1)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08,
+				// hkey: 0
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// elements (array of 1 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// element: [uint64(0):uint64(0)]
+				0x82, 0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00, 0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root data slab with ref", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+				// count: 1
+				0x01,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 1)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08,
+				// hkey: 0
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// elements (array of 1 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// element: [uint64(0):uint64(0)]
+				0x82,
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+			},
+
+			childRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root data slab with broken ref", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+				// count: 1
+				0x01,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 1)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08,
+				// hkey: 0
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// elements (array of 1 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// element: [uint64(0):uint64(0)]
+				0x82,
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1, nonRootID2}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			// metadata slab
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map meta
+				0x89,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info: "map"
+				0x18, 0x2A,
+				// count: 8
+				0x08,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + meta
+				0x89,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, first key, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe,
+			},
+
+			// data slab
+			nonRootID1: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: map data
+				0x08,
+				// next storage id
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 4)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
+				// hkey: 0
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				// hkey: 1
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// hkey: 2
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				// hkey: 3
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+
+				// elements (array of 4 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// element: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				// element: [bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb:bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62,
+				0x76, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62,
+				// element: [cccccccccccccccccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccc]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63,
+				0x76, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63,
+				// element: [dddddddddddddddddddddd:dddddddddddddddddddddd]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+				0x76, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+			},
+
+			// data slab
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: has pointer + map data
+				0x48,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 4)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
+				// hkey: 4
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// hkey: 5
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
+				// hkey: 6
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+				// hkey: 7
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
+
+				// elements (array of 4 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// element: [eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee:eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				// element: [ffffffffffffffffffffff:ffffffffffffffffffffff]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				// element: [gggggggggggggggggggggg:gggggggggggggggggggggg]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				// element: [hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh:hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab with broken ref to first data slab", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID2}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			// metadata slab
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map meta
+				0x89,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info: "map"
+				0x18, 0x2A,
+				// count: 8
+				0x08,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + meta
+				0x89,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, first key, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe,
+			},
+
+			// data slab
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: has pointer + map data
+				0x48,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 4)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
+				// hkey: 4
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// hkey: 5
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
+				// hkey: 6
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+				// hkey: 7
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
+
+				// elements (array of 4 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// element: [eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee:eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				// element: [ffffffffffffffffffffff:ffffffffffffffffffffff]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				// element: [gggggggggggggggggggggg:gggggggggggggggggggggg]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				// element: [hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh:hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab with ref", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1, nonRootID2, childRootID}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			// metadata slab
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map meta
+				0x89,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info: "map"
+				0x18, 0x2A,
+				// count: 8
+				0x08,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + meta
+				0x89,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, first key, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe,
+			},
+
+			// data slab
+			nonRootID1: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: map data
+				0x08,
+				// next storage id
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 4)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
+				// hkey: 0
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				// hkey: 1
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// hkey: 2
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				// hkey: 3
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+
+				// elements (array of 4 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// element: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				// element: [bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb:bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62,
+				0x76, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62,
+				// element: [cccccccccccccccccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccc]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63,
+				0x76, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63,
+				// element: [dddddddddddddddddddddd:dddddddddddddddddddddd]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+				0x76, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+			},
+
+			// data slab
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: has pointer + map data
+				0x48,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 4)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
+				// hkey: 4
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// hkey: 5
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
+				// hkey: 6
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+				// hkey: 7
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
+
+				// elements (array of 4 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// element: [eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee:eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				// element: [ffffffffffffffffffffff:ffffffffffffffffffffff]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				// element: [gggggggggggggggggggggg:gggggggggggggggggggggg]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				// element: [hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh:hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+			},
+
+			childRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+				// count: 0
+				0x00,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 1)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// elements (array of 0 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root metadata slab with broken ref to nested element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		nonRootID1 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		nonRootID2 := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{nonRootID1, nonRootID2}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			// metadata slab
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map meta
+				0x89,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info: "map"
+				0x18, 0x2A,
+				// count: 8
+				0x08,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + meta
+				0x89,
+				// child header count
+				0x00, 0x02,
+				// child header 1 (storage id, first key, size)
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02,
+				// child header 2
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe,
+			},
+
+			// data slab
+			nonRootID1: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: map data
+				0x08,
+				// next storage id
+				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 4)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
+				// hkey: 0
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+				// hkey: 1
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// hkey: 2
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+				// hkey: 3
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+
+				// elements (array of 4 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// element: [aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				0x76, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61,
+				// element: [bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb:bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62,
+				0x76, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62, 0x62,
+				// element: [cccccccccccccccccccccc:cccccccccccccccccccccc]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63,
+				0x76, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63,
+				// element: [dddddddddddddddddddddd:dddddddddddddddddddddd]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+				0x76, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+			},
+
+			// data slab
+			nonRootID2: {
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: has pointer + map data
+				0x48,
+				// next storage id
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 4)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20,
+				// hkey: 4
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// hkey: 5
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
+				// hkey: 6
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
+				// hkey: 7
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
+
+				// elements (array of 4 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+				// element: [eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee:eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				0x76, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65, 0x65,
+				// element: [ffffffffffffffffffffff:ffffffffffffffffffffff]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66,
+				// element: [gggggggggggggggggggggg:gggggggggggggggggggggg]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				0x76, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67, 0x67,
+				// element: [hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh:hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh]
+				0x82,
+				0x76, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68, 0x68,
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("3-level containers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
+		childRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}}
+		gchildRootID := StorageID{Address: address, Index: StorageIndex{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3}}
+
+		expectedRefIDs := []StorageID{childRootID, gchildRootID}
+		expectedBrokenRefIDs := []StorageID{}
+
+		data := map[StorageID][]byte{
+			rootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+				// extra data (CBOR encoded array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+				// count: 1
+				0x01,
+				// seed
+				0x1b, 0x52, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x3, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xaa, 0x49,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// flag: root + map data
+				0x88,
+
+				// the following encoded data is valid CBOR
+
+				// elements (array of 3 elements)
+				0x83,
+
+				// level: 0
+				0x00,
+
+				// hkeys (byte string of length 8 * 1)
+				0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08,
+				// hkey: 0
+				0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+				// elements (array of 1 elements)
+				// each element is encoded as CBOR array of 2 elements (key, value)
+				0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// element: [uint64(0):uint64(0)]
+				0x82,
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+			},
+
+			childRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xff, 0x50, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+			},
+
+			gchildRootID: {
+				// extra data
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// extra data flag
+				0x80,
+				// array of extra data
+				0x81,
+				// type info
+				0x18, 0x2a,
+
+				// version
+				0x00,
+				// array data slab flag
+				0x80,
+				// CBOR encoded array head (fixed size 3 byte)
+				0x99, 0x00, 0x01,
+				// CBOR encoded array elements
+				0xd8, 0xa4, 0x00,
+			},
+		}
+
+		testGetAllChildReferences(t, data, rootID, expectedRefIDs, expectedBrokenRefIDs)
+	})
+}
+
+func testGetAllChildReferences(
+	t *testing.T,
+	data map[StorageID][]byte,
+	rootID StorageID,
+	expectedRefIDs []StorageID,
+	expectedBrokenRefIDs []StorageID,
+) {
+	storage := newTestPersistentStorageWithData(t, data)
+
+	refs, brokenRefs, err := storage.GetAllChildReferences(rootID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, len(expectedRefIDs), len(refs))
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, expectedRefIDs, refs)
+
+	require.Equal(t, len(expectedBrokenRefIDs), len(brokenRefs))
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, expectedBrokenRefIDs, brokenRefs)
+}