diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md index dbbda0e..879c0f7 100644 --- a/CONTRIBUTING.md +++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -# Contributing +# Contributing to Binary Security Resources -These are recommendations when contributing to the contents of this repository. -They consider contributions to both actual content (mostly Markdown) and support code (demo, lab activities) made via Git. +These are recommendations when contributing to the contents of the Binary Security repository. +They consider contributions to both actual content (mostly Markdown) and support code made via Git. ## First Steps Some good first steps and best practices when using Git are explained here: -* the Git Immersion tutorial: https://gitimmersion.com/ -* the Atlassian tutorial: https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/learn-git-with-bitbucket-cloud -* this blog post on the ROSEdu Techblog: https://techblog.rosedu.org/git-good-practices.html + +* the Git Immersion tutorial: +* the Atlassian tutorial: +* this blog post on the `ROSEdu Techblog`: ## Language @@ -30,16 +31,22 @@ Use phrases like "find the flag", "run this command", "download the tool". ## Images +Use [draw.io](https://app.diagrams.net/) to create diagrams. +If using external images / diagram, make sure they use a CC BY-SA license and give credits (mention author and / or add link to the image source). + +## Slides + +Slides are to be written in Markdown, using [`reveal-md`](https://github.com/webpro/reveal-md), itself based on [`reveal-js`](https://revealjs.com/). +Use `reveal-md` and `reveal-js` specifics to split information in slides. +Aim to make slides attractive, sleek and simple to follow. + Images and diagrams would ideally be animated on slides. -Aim to use reveal.js features to animate drawing of diagrams. +Aim to use `reveal.js` features to animate drawing of diagrams. -If reveal.js drawing is difficult, use [draw.io](https://app.diagrams.net/) to create diagrams. +If `reveal.js` drawing is difficult, use [draw.io](https://app.diagrams.net/) to create diagrams. Ideally you would "animate" those diagrams by creating multiple incremental versions of the diagram and adding each to a slide; when browsing slides pieces of these diagrams will "appear" and complete the final image, rendering an animation-like effect. -For text where no animation is required, use diagrams / images created with [draw.io](https://app.diagrams.net/). -If using external images / diagram, make sure they use a CC BY-SA license and give credits (mention author and / or add link to the image source). - ## Issues When opening an issue, please clearly state the problem. @@ -64,8 +71,46 @@ If there are multiple commits belonging to a given change, please squash the com Also make sure one pull request covers only **one** topic. +### Commits + +Before making a commit, configure your name and email locally using: + +```bash +git config --global user.name "Your Name" +git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com" +``` + +Then make sure the email you've just configured corresponds to the one you have [set on GitHub](https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-personal-account-on-github/managing-email-preferences/adding-an-email-address-to-your-github-account). + +After this, make your changes, `git add` them and then commit them using `git commit -s`. +Always sign your commits using the `-s` / `--signoff` arguments to `git commit`. +This will add the following line at the end of the commit message: + +```text +Signed-off-by: Your Name +``` + +Notice that the details above are the name and email that you configured earlier. + +Now the `git commit` command will open your default editor and ask you to write a commit message. +Prefix each commit message name with the chapter and content type it belongs to, e.g. `bin-analysis/reading`, `exploit/slides`, `mitigation/drills`. +Following the prefix, write a short and expressive title on the first line. Use commit messages with verbs at imperative mood: "Add README", "Update contents", "Introduce feature". -Prefix each commit message with the chapter it belongs to: `software-stack`, `data`, `compute`, `io`, `app-interact`. -How a good commit message should look like: https://cbea.ms/git-commit/ -The use of `-s` / `--signoff` when creating a commit is optional, but strongly recommended. +Leave an empty line, then add a relevant description of the changes made in that commit. +This description should include why that change is needed (fixes a bug, improves something that was inefficient, etc.). +Wrap the lines of this description to 75 characters. +How a good commit message should look like: +Below is an example of a good commit message: + +```text +template-chapter/drills: Fix Makefile `CFLAGS` error + +`CFLAGS` was incorrectly set to optimise the code to the `-O3` level. This +caused the function `vulnerable_func()` to be inlined into the caller +`main()`, making it impossible to overwrite `main()`'s return address with +that of `vulnerable_func()`. This commit fixes the issue by forcing the +compiler to not optimise the code by replacing `-O3` with `-O0` in `CFLAGS` + +Signed-off-by: Your Name +``` diff --git a/COPYING.md b/COPYING.md index 57f3c19..1e1577f 100644 --- a/COPYING.md +++ b/COPYING.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ A copy of each license is below. Copy of CC BY-SA 4.0: -``` +```text Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International ======================================================================= @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses. such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations - for the public: + for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees ======================================================================= @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. Copy of BSD-3-Clause: -``` +```text Copyright 2021 University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without diff --git a/CPPLINT.cfg b/CPPLINT.cfg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3241f6c --- /dev/null +++ b/CPPLINT.cfg @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +filter=-whitespace/tab +filter=-whitespace/line-length +filter=-whitespace/braces +filter=-whitespace/semicolon +filter=-legal/copyright +filter=-whitespace/comments +filter=-build/header_guard +filter=-readability/multiline_comment +filter=-readability/casting +filter=-runtime/int +filter=-runtime/printf +filter=-readability/todo +filter=-build/include_subdir +linelength=120 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5eaa188..b2bc207 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ # Binary Security -These are open educational resources ([OER](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources)). -The repository should be used as a template for the your own classes. +[![copying.md](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=license&message=CCBY-SA4.0&color=%23385177)](https://github.com/open-education-hub/binary-security/blob/master/COPYING.md) +[![copying.md](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=license&message=BSD-3-clause&color=%23385177)](https://github.com/open-education-hub/binary-security/blob/master/COPYING.md) +[![discord](https://img.shields.io/badge/users-93-7589D0?logo=discord)](www.bit.ly/OpenEduHub) +[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/open-education-hub/binary-security)](https://github.com/open-education-hub/binary-security/graphs/contributors) +[![reddit](https://img.shields.io/reddit/subreddit-subscribers/OpenEducationHub?style=social)](https://www.reddit.com/r/OpenEducationHub/) +[![twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/url?style=social&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FOpenEduHub)](https://twitter.com/OpenEduHub) +[![youtube](https://img.shields.io/youtube/channel/views/UCumS6d-kaVXreY46eZLtEvA?style=social)](https://www.youtube.com/@OpenEduHub/) -## Using the Content +These are open educational resources ([OER](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources)) for Binary Security classes. -Content is located in the `content/` folder. +## Using the Content -Each chapter has its own folder. -Content for each chapter is split in two subfolders: +Content is located in the `chapters/` directory. +Each chapter has its own directory: -- `lecture/`: content to be presented and discussed as part of lectures / presentations -- `practice/`: content to be worked on as practical activities +- [Binary Analysis](chapters/binar-analysis) +- [Exploitation Techniques](chapters/exploitation-techniques) +- [Mitigations and Defensive Strategies](chapters/mitigations-and-defensive-strategies) +- [Extra](chapters/extra) -Lecture content is expected to be presented and followed. -Practice content is expected to be used hands-on individually or as part of team. +### Chapter Contents -## Publishing Workflow +Chapters consists of sections, each presenting a given topic. +Each chapter has a directory, with a subdirectory for each section. +Content types are stored for each section. -Before building the repository you have to set up the following items: +Content is written in [GitHub Markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/). -- Select the GitHub Pages branch by following the [Configuring a publishing source for your GitHub Pages site](https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/configuring-a-publishing-source-for-your-github-pages-site) tutorial. - You will have to set up the `gh-pages` branch as the publishing branch. -- Add a publishing key named `ACCESS_TOKEN` by following the [Automatic token authentication](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/automatic-token-authentication) tutorial. +### Contributing -In order to publish the content of this repository, we use a GitHub workflow located in `.github/workflows/deployment.yml`. -This workflow will build the site using [Docusaurus](https://docusaurus.io/) and publish the contents to a link similar to `.github.io`. +Contributions are welcome. +See the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) on how you could report or fix issues and on how you can improve the content. -## Your first TODOs +Reviewers are requested to follow the [reviewing guide](REVIEWING.md). -To configure this repo for the class for which you intend to develop content, you must make the following changes: +## Publishing the Content -- Change the repository name to match your class name (the default name is `oer-template`). -- In `config.yaml`: - - Change `title` to you class name. - - Change `url` to `.github.io`. - - Change `baseurl` to `/` if the repository is the only one with a GitHub page in your profile. - Otherwise, change it to `//`. - - Change links to social media sites, if applicable. +In order to publish the content of this repository, we use a GitHub workflow located in `.github/workflows/deployment.yml`. +This workflow will build the site using [Docusaurus](https://docusaurus.io/) and publish the contents to . -## Running Locally +### Running Locally When testing locally, you will have to build the container that will run the builder based on the [`Dockerfile`](Dockerfile). For this, the simplest way is the use the [`Makefile`](Makefile). -First, edit the `Makefile` and update the `REPO_NAME` variable to the preferred name of your future website. To generate the web contents locally, run: @@ -57,55 +57,4 @@ To view the local contents, start a web server by running the command: make serve ``` -As the output of the command tells, point your browser to `http://localhost:8080/$REPO_NAME`, where `$REPO_NAME` is the name of the repository you configured in the [`Makefile`](Makefile).. - -## Chapter Contents - -### Lecture - -Lecture content consists of slides, demos, media files and quizzes in the `lecture/` subfolder of each chapter. - -Slides are written in [GitHub Markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/) and use [reveal-md](https://github.com/webpro/reveal-md) and [reveal.js](https://revealjs.com/) to render HTML output. -Building slides requires [MarkdownPP](https://github.com/amyreese/markdown-pp). -Lecture slides are built from the `slides.mdpp` file using the `make` command (and the `Makefile`). -`slides.mdpp` is a wrapper / index file; -actual content is stored in Markdown format in files in the `slides/` subfolder. -Output is generated in the `_site/` subfolder; -open the `_site/index.html` in a browser to view the slides. - -Demos are snippets of code and support files that showcase concepts and ideas related to the lecture. -Demos are located in the `demo/` subfolder. -Each demo has its own folder with source code, `Makefile` or other build files (if required) and support files. - -Media files are images and films used in slides for visual support. -Media files are located in the `media/` subfolder. - -Quizzes are used in slides to trigger interactivity with participants and as a form of (self-)assessment. -Quizzes are located in the `quiz/` subfolder. -Quiz questions are stored in [Markdown format](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/), one file per quiz. - -### Practice - -Practice content consists of background text, media files, support files and quizzes in the `practice/` subfolder of each chapter. - -Background text is located in `content/` folder as a series of sections. -Each section consists of general information, tutorial information followed by description of actual work items and a quiz. -Sections are indexed in the `README.md` file. - -Support files for work items are stored in the `support/` subfolder. -There is a subfolder for each section. -Each section subfolder contains source code, `Makefile` (or other build files, if required) and support files. - -Media files are images and films used in text for visual support. -Media files are located in the `media/` subfolder. - -Quizzes are referenced at the end of each section as a form of (self-)assessment. -Quizzes are located in the `quiz/` subfolder. -Quiz questions are stored in [Markdown format](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/), one file per quiz. - -## Contributing - -Contributions are welcome. -See the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) on how you could report or fix issues and on how you can improve the content. - -Reviewers are requested to follow the [reviewing guide](REVIEWING.md). +As the output of the command tells, point your browser to `http://localhost:8080/binary-security`. diff --git a/chapters/README.md b/chapters/README.md index 83f01a1..cab8bab 100644 --- a/chapters/README.md +++ b/chapters/README.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ slug: / This is a landing page for your course. -Here you will add infomation about your course that a student might want to know at first glance. +Here you will add information about your course that a student might want to know at first glance. diff --git a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/04-challenge-call-me/src/calc_offset.py b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/04-challenge-call-me/src/calc_offset.py index dc4fe0f..efd1960 100644 --- a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/04-challenge-call-me/src/calc_offset.py +++ b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/04-challenge-call-me/src/calc_offset.py @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ f = open("../flag") flag = f.readline().strip() f.close() -char = '\n' +char = "\n" res = [] for i in range(0, len(flag)): res += [ord(flag[i]) - ord(char)] -print "{" + ", ".join("{}".format(r) for r in res) + "};" +print("{" + ", ".join("{}".format(r) for r in res) + "};") diff --git a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/06-challenge-phone-home/sol/encrypt.py b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/06-challenge-phone-home/sol/encrypt.py index 3251650..319634d 100644 --- a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/06-challenge-phone-home/sol/encrypt.py +++ b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/activities/06-challenge-phone-home/sol/encrypt.py @@ -1,29 +1,30 @@ from pwn import * flag = "SSS_CTF{0bad3910f14d10569b8bfe11aa1081e970e72e}\x00" -flag = ''.join(chr((ord(x) - 13) & 0xff) for x in flag) +flag = "".join(chr((ord(x) - 13) & 0xFF) for x in flag) parts = unpack_many(flag, 32) for i in range(len(parts)): - print('strvec[%d] = 0x%x;' % (i, parts[i])) + print("strvec[%d] = 0x%x;" % (i, parts[i])) def encrypt(data): - res = map(ord, data) - n = len(data) - print(hexdump(data)) - for i in range(n / 2): - res[i] = res[i] ^ res[n - i - 1] - res[n - i - 1] = (res[n - i - 1] - 1) & 0xff - return ''.join(map(chr, res)) + res = map(ord, data) + n = len(data) + print(hexdump(data)) + for i in range(n / 2): + res[i] = res[i] ^ res[n - i - 1] + res[n - i - 1] = (res[n - i - 1] - 1) & 0xFF + return "".join(map(chr, res)) + binary = ELF("./phone_home") -context.arch = 'i386' +context.arch = "i386" func_ea = binary.symbols["gen_flag"] chunk = binary.read(func_ea, 4096) -func_sz = chunk.find(asm('ret')) + 1 -print('Function size: 0x%x' % func_sz) +func_sz = chunk.find(asm("ret")) + 1 +print("Function size: 0x%x" % func_sz) func = encrypt(chunk[:func_sz]) binary.write(func_ea, func) diff --git a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/reading/README.md b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/reading/README.md index a70312c..c22c8a7 100644 --- a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/reading/README.md +++ b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/reading/README.md @@ -1,985 +1,948 @@ ---- -linkTitle: Dynamic Analysis -type: docs -weight: 10 ---- - -# Dynamic Analysis - -## Introduction - -#### Objectives & Rationale - -The first part of this session will give you a walkthrough of the most common GDB principles that we are going to use in exploitation. In the second half, we are going to use these concepts in practice, to evade a basic key evaluation program. - -Black Box type analysis works best when standard algorithms are used in the program, such as: MD5, SHA1,RSA . We can change the input to a more suggestive one and use the output to estimate what function was used to convert it. - -Combined with behavioral analysis methods such as using sandboxes or strace/ltrace we can quickly map sections of code to functionalities. - -With dynamic analysis, packed malware can be extracted from memory in unpacked form, enabling us to continue static analysis on the complete binary. - -#### Prerequisites - -In the current session we will use GDB extensively. We assume that you are familiar with its basic usage and will move on quickly to some of its more advanced features. - -To brush up on the GDB basics, read this [Refresher](https://security.cs.pub.ro/summer-school/wiki/session/04-gdb "session:04-gdb"). - -The executable used in the demo is called sppb and is the challenge 1 binary. - -###### Before GDB - -##### One thing you should always do before firing up GDB is to try to learn all the available information on the executable you\'re trying to debug through the techniques that have been presented so far. - -For the purposes of this session it is a good idea to always run`objdump` on all the executable files before attaching GDB to them so that you have a better idea of what goes where. - -``` {.code .bash} -$ objdump -M intel -d [executable] -``` - -### GDB Basic Commands - -#### Getting help with GDB - -Whenever you want to find out more information about GDB commands feel free to search for it inside [the documentation](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/ "http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/") or by using the `help` command followed by your area of interest. For example searching for help for the `disassemble` command can be obtained by running the following command in GDB: - -``` {.code .bash} -#print info about all help areas available -#identify the area of your question -(gdb) help -#print info about available data commands -#identify the command you want to learn more about -(gdb) help data -#print info about a specific command -#find out more about the command you are searching for -(gdb) help disassemble -``` - -#### Opening a program with GDB - - -A program can be opened for debugging in a number of ways. We can run -GDB directly attaching it to a program: - -``` {.code .bash} -$ gdb [executable-file] -``` - -Or we can open up GDB and then specify the program we are trying to -attach to using the file or file-exec command: - -``` {.code .bash} -$ gdb -(gdb) file [executable-file] -``` - -Furthermore we can attach GDB to a running service if we know its -process id: - -``` {.code .bash} -$ gdb --pid [pid_number] -``` - - -#### Disassembling - - -GDB allows disassembling of binary code using the `disassemble` command -(it may be shortened to `disas`). The command can be issued either on a -memory address or using labels. - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) disassemble *main -Dump of assembler code for function main: - 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp - 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp - 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx - 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 -=> 0x080491d0 <+7>: mov eax,ds:0x804c030 -....Output ommited..... -(gdb) disassemble 0x080491c9 -Dump of assembler code for function main: - 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp - 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp - 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx - 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 -=> 0x080491d0 <+7>: mov eax,ds:0x804c030 -``` - - -#### Adding Breakpoints - - -Breakpoints are important to suspend the execution of the program being debugged in a certain place. Adding breakpoints is done with the `break` -command. A good idea is to place a breakpoint at the main function of the program you are trying to exploit. Given the fact that you have already run `objdump` and disassembled the program you know the address for the start of the main function. This means that we can set a -breakpoint for the start of our program in two ways: - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) break *main (when the binary is not stripped of symbols) -(gdb) break *0x[main_address_obtained_with_objdump] (when aslr is off) -``` - -The general format for setting breakpoints in GDB is as follows: - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) break [LOCATION] [thread THREADNUM] [if CONDITION] -``` - -*Issuing the `break` command with no parameters will place a breakpoint* *at the current address.* - -*GDB allows using abbreviated forms for all the commands it supports. Learning these abbreviations comes with time and will greatly improve you work output. Always be on the lookout for using abbreviated commands.* - -The abbreviated command for setting breakpoints is simply `b`. - -#### Listing Breakpoints - - -At any given time all the breakpoints in the program can be displayed using the `info breakpoints` command: - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) info breakpoints -``` - -*You can also issue the abbreviated form of the command* - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) i b -``` - -#### Deleting Breakpoints - -Breakpoints can be removed by issuing the `delete breakpoints` command followed by the breakpoints number, as it is listed in the output of the -`info breakpoints` command. - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) delete breakpoints [breakpoint_number] -``` - -*You can also delete all active breakpoints by issuing the following the* `delete breakpoints` command with no parameters:* - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) delete breakpoints -``` - -Once a breakpoint is set you would normally want to launch the program into execution. You can do this by issuing the `run` command. The program will start executing and stop at the first breakpoint you have -set. - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) run -``` - -#### Execution flow - -Execution flow can be controlled in GDB using the `continue`, `stepi`,`nexti` as follows: - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) help continue -#Continue program being debugged, after signal or breakpoint. -#If proceeding from breakpoint, a number N may be used as an argument, -#which means to set the ignore count of that breakpoint to N - 1 (so that -#the breakpoint won't break until the Nth time it is reached). -(gdb) help stepi -#Step one instruction exactly. -#Argument N means do this N times (or till program stops for another reason). -(gdb) help nexti -#Step one instruction, but proceed through subroutine calls. -#Argument N means do this N times (or till program stops for another reason). -``` - -*You can also use the abbreviated format of the commands: `c`* -*(`continue`), `si` (`stepi`), `ni` (`nexti`).* - -*If at any point you want to start the program execution from the* *beginning you can always reissue the `run` command.* - -Another technique that can be used for setting breakpoints is using offsets. - -As you already know, each assembly instruction takes a certain number of bytes inside the executable file. This means that whenever you are setting breakpoints using offsets you must always set them at instruction boundaries. - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) break *main -Breakpoint 1 at 0x80491d0 -(gdb) run -Starting program: sppb - -Breakpoint 1, 0x80491d0 in main () -(gdb) disassemble main -Dump of assembler code for function main: - 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp - 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp - 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx - 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 -.....Output ommited..... -(gdb) break *main+4 -Breakpoint 2 at 0x80491cd -``` - - -### Examine and Print, your most powerful tools - - -GDB allows examining of memory locations be them specified as addresses or stored in registers. The `x` command (for *examine*) is arguably one -of the most powerful tool in your arsenal and the most common command you are going to run when exploiting. - -The format for the `examine` command is as follows: - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) x/nfu [address] - n: How many units to print - f: Format character - a Pointer - c Read as integer, print as character - d Integer, signed decimal - f Floating point number - o Integer, print as octal - s Treat as C string (read all successive memory addresses until null character and print as characters) - t Integer, print as binary (t="two") - u Integer, unsigned decimal - x Integer, print as hexadecimal - u: Unit - b: Byte - h: Half-word (2 bytes) - w: Word (4 bytes) - g: Giant word (8 bytes) - i: Instruction (read n assembly instructions from the specified memory address) -``` - -In contrast with the examine command, which reads data at a memory location the `print` command (shorthand `p`) prints out values stored in -registers and variables. - -The format for the `print` command is as follows: - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) p/f [what] - f: Format character - a Pointer - c Read as integer, print as character - d Integer, signed decimal - f Floating point number - o Integer, print as octal - s Treat as C string (read all successive memory addresses until null character and print as characters) - t Integer, print as binary (t="two") - u Integer, unsigned decimal - x Integer, print as hexadecimal - i Instruction (read n assembly instructions from the specified memory address) -``` - -For a better explanation please follow through with the following example: - -``` {.code .bash} -#a breakpoint has been set inside the program and the program has been run with the appropriate commands to reach the breakpoint -#at this point we want to see which are the following 10 instructions -(gdb) x/10i 0x80491cd - 0x80491cd : sub esp,0x4 - 0x80491d0 : mov eax,ds:0x804c030 - 0x80491d5 : push 0x0 - 0x80491d7 : push 0x1 - 0x80491d9 : push 0x0 - 0x80491db : push eax - 0x80491dc : call 0x8049080 -#let's examine the memory at 0x804a02a because we have a hint that this address holds one of the parameters of the scanf call as it is afterwards placed on the stack (we'll explain later how we have reached this conclusion) -#the other parameter will be an address where the input will be stored -(gdb) x/s 0x804a02a -0x804a02a: "%d" -# we now set a breakpoint for *main+56 -(gdb) break *0x08049201 -Breakpoint 3 at 0x08049201 -(gdb) continue -Continuing. - -Breakpoint 3, 0x08049201 in main () -We then record the value of the eax register somewhere and use nexti(ni) and then we input an integer. -#let's examine the address which we recorded earlier corresponding to the eax register (it should've held the address for the integer we input) -#take note that in GDB registers are preceded by the "$" character very much like variables -(gdb) x/d 0xffffcf70 <- (your address) -0xffffcf70: -#now let's print the contents of the eax register as hexadecimal -(gdb) p/x $eax -$1 = - -The diference between p and x can be observed by issuing the following commands: -x/s 0x804a030 -0x804a030: "Your password is: %d. Evaluating it...\n" - -p /s 0x804a030 - -$2 = 1920298841 which is the number in decimal format that "Your" can be translated to by its ascii codes (little endian so written as 0x72756F59). - -In order to see the same result we must use the command p /s (char*)0x804a030 and dereference the pointer ourselves -# as you can see the address holds the memory for the beginning of the string -# this shows you how "x" interprets data from memory while "p" merely prints out the contents in the required format -# you can think of it as "x" dereferencing while "p" not dereferencing -``` - - -### GDB command file - - - -When exploiting, there are a couple of commands that you will issue periodically and doing that by hand will get cumbersome. GDB commands -files will allow you to run a specific set of commands automatically after each command you issue manually. This comes in especially handy -when you\'re stepping through a program and want to see what happens with the registers and stack after each instruction is ran, which is the -main target when exploiting. - -The examine command only has sense when code is already running on the machine so inside the file we are going to use the display command which -translates to the same output. - -In order to use this option you must first create your commands file. This file can include any GDB commands you like but a good start would -be printing out the content of all the register values, the next ten instructions that are going to be executed, and some portion from the -top of the stack. - -The reason for examining all of the above after each instruction is ran will become more clear once the we go through the second section of the -session. - -Command file template: - -``` {.code .bash} -display/10i $eip -display/x $eax -display/x $ebx -display/x $ecx -display/x $edx -display/x $edi -display/x $esi -display/x $ebp -display/32xw $esp -``` - -In order to view all register values you could use the `x` command. -However the values of all registers can be obtained by running the`info all-registers` command: - -``` {.code .bash} -(gdb) info all-registers -eax 0x8048630,134514224 -ecx 0xbffff404,-1073744892 -edx 0xbffff394,-1073745004 -ebx 0xb7fc6ff4,-1208193036 -esp 0xbffff330,0xbffff330 -ebp 0xbffff368,0xbffff368 -esi 0x0,0 -edi 0x0,0 -eip 0x80484e9,0x80484e9 -eflags 0x286,[ PF SF IF ] -cs 0x73,115 -ss 0x7b,123 -ds 0x7b,123 -es 0x7b,123 -fs 0x0,0 -gs 0x33,51 -st0 *value not available* -st1 *value not available* -st2 *value not available* -st3 *value not available* -st4 *value not available* -st5 *value not available* -st6 *value not available* -st7 *value not available* -fctrl 0x37f,895 -fstat 0x0,0 -ftag 0xffff,65535 -fiseg 0x0,0 -fioff 0x0,0 -foseg 0x0,0 ----Type to continue, or q to quit--- -fooff 0x0,0 -fop 0x0,0 -mxcsr 0x1f80,[ IM DM ZM OM UM PM ] -ymm0 *value not available* -ymm1 *value not available* -ymm2 *value not available* -ymm3 *value not available* -ymm4 *value not available* -ymm5 *value not available* -ymm6 *value not available* -ymm7 *value not available* -mm0 *value not available* -mm1 *value not available* -mm2 *value not available* -mm3 *value not available* -mm4 *value not available* -mm5 *value not available* -mm6 *value not available* -mm7 *value not available* -``` - -*One thing you might notice while using GDB is that addresses seem to be pretty similar between runs. Although with experience you will gain a better feel for where an address points to, one thing to remember at this point would be that stack addresses usually have the `0xbffff….` format. In order to run GDB with the commands file you have just generated, when launching GDB specify the `-x [command_file]` parameter.* - -### Using GDB to modify variables - -GDB can be used to modify variables during runtime. In the case of exploitation this comes in handy as the program can be altered at -runtime with the purpose of changing the execution path to desired branches. - -### PWNDBG - - -As you can see using GDB can be cumbersome, this is why we recommend using the pwndbg plug-in. The tutorial as well as the repository of the project can be found here [Pwndbg](https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg "https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg") - -Give the fact that pwndbg is just a wrapper, all the functionality of GDB will be available when running gdb with the`pwndbg` plug-in. Some of the advantages of using pwngdb include: - -1. Automatic preview of registers, code and stack after each instruction (you no longer need to create your own commands file) -2. Automatic dereferencing and following through of memory locations -3. Color coding - -An alternative to pwndbg is [Gef](https://github.com/hugsy/gef "https://github.com/hugsy/gef"). However, this tutorial is designed with Pwndbg in mind. - -#### PWNDBG Commands - -`pdis` command gives a pretty output that is similar to what the `disas` -command in GDB prints: - -``` {.code .bash} -Usage: pdis 0x80491d0 -``` - -If `pdis` is used with an address as a parameter, the output will be similar to what `x/Ni` prints out (where N is the number of instructions you want to disassemble) Usage: -pdis \[address\] [N] - where N is the number of instructions you want to be printed - -The `stepi` command has the same effect as in GDB however, if you are running PWNDBG you will notice that after each step PWNDBG will automatically print register values, several lines of code from eip -register and a portion of the stack: - -``` {.code .bash} -pwndbg> stepi - -LEGEND: STACK | HEAP | CODE | DATA | RWX | RODATA -────────────────────────────────────[ REGISTERS ]──────────────────────────────────── -*EAX 0xf7facd20 (_IO_2_1_stdout_) ◂— 0xfbad2084 - EBX 0x0 - ECX 0xa00af61b - EDX 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 - EDI 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c - ESI 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c - EBP 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 - ESP 0xffffcf70 —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c -*EIP 0x80491d5 (main+12) ◂— push 0 /* 'j' */ -─────────────────────────────────────[ DISASM ]────────────────────────────────────── - 0x80491d0 mov eax, dword ptr [stdout@GLIBC_2.0] <0x804c030> - ► 0x80491d5 push 0 - 0x80491d7 push 1 - 0x80491d9 push 0 - 0x80491db push eax - 0x80491dc call setvbuf@plt - - 0x80491e1 add esp, 0x10 - 0x80491e4 mov dword ptr [ebp - 8], 0 - 0x80491eb push 0x804a010 - 0x80491f0 call puts@plt - - 0x80491f5 add esp, 4 -──────────────────────────────────[ SOURCE (CODE) ]────────────────────────────────── -In file: /home/kali/Desktop/dokermaker/binary-internal/sessions/05-dynamic-analysis/activities/01-02-challenge-sppb/src/sppb.c - 6 execve("/bin/sh", 0, 0); - 7 } - 8 - 9 int main() - 10 { - ► 11 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0); - 12 int readValue = 0; - 13 - 14 printf("Please provide password: \n"); - 15 scanf("%d", &readValue); - 16 -──────────────────────────────────────[ STACK ]────────────────────────────────────── -00:0000│ esp 0xffffcf70 —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c -01:0004│ 0xffffcf74 ◂— 0x0 -02:0008│ ebp 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 -03:000c│ 0xffffcf7c —▸ 0xf7de0fd6 (__libc_start_main+262) ◂— add esp, 0x10 -04:0010│ 0xffffcf80 ◂— 0x1 -05:0014│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' -06:0018│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' -07:001c│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 -────────────────────────────────────[ BACKTRACE ]──────────────────────────────────── - ► f 0 0x80491d5 main+12 - f 1 0xf7de0fd6 __libc_start_main+262 - -``` - - -You can always use the following commands to obtain context at any given -moment inside the debug process: - -1. `context reg` -2. `context code` -3. `context stack` -4. `context all` - -One additional PWNDBG command which can be used to show values in registers is the `telescope` command. The command dereferentiates pointer values until it gets to a value and prints out the entire trace. - -The command can be used with both registers and memory addresses: - -``` {.code .bash} -pwndbg$ telescope $esp -00:0000│ esp 0xffffcf70 —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c -01:0004│ 0xffffcf74 ◂— 0x0 -02:0008│ ebp 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 -03:000c│ 0xffffcf7c —▸ 0xf7de0fd6 (__libc_start_main+262) ◂— add esp, 0x10 -04:0010│ 0xffffcf80 ◂— 0x1 -05:0014│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' -06:0018│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' -07:001c│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 -pwndbg> telescope 0xffffcf84 -00:0000│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' -01:0004│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' -02:0008│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 -03:000c│ 0xffffcf90 —▸ 0xffffcfc4 ◂— 0xe38ae80b -04:0010│ 0xffffcf94 —▸ 0xf7ffdb60 —▸ 0xf7ffdb00 —▸ 0xf7fc93e0 —▸ 0xf7ffd9a0 ◂— ... -05:0014│ 0xffffcf98 —▸ 0xf7fc9410 —▸ 0x804832d ◂— 'GLIBC_2.0' -06:0018│ 0xffffcf9c —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c -07:001c│ 0xffffcfa0 ◂— 0x1 -``` - -In the example above, the memory address 0x8048630 was loaded into EAX. That is why examining the register or the memory location gives the same output. - -For more information on various PWNdbg commands you can always visit the PWNdbg help through the `pwndbg` command It is always a better idea to use PWNdbg commands when available. However you should also know the basics of using GDB as well. - - -#### Altering variables and memory with PWNdbg and GDB - - -In addition to basic registers, GDB has a two extra variables which map onto some of the existing registers, as follows: - -- `$pc – $eip` - -- `$sp – $esp` - -- `$fp – $ebp` - -In addition to these there are also two registers which can be used to view the processor state `$ps – processor status` - -Values of memory addresses and registers can be altered at execution time. Because altering memory is a lot easier using PWNdbg we are going to -use it throughout today\'s session. - -The easiest way of altering the execution flow of a program is editing the `$eflags` register just before jump instructions. - -Using GDB the `$eflags` register can be easily modified: - -``` {.code .bash} -pwndbg> reg eflags -EFLAGS 0x282 [ cf pf af zf SF IF df of ] -Set the ZF flag -pwndbg> set $eflags |= (1 << 6) -Clear the ZF flag -pwndbg> set $eflags &= ~(1 << 6) -``` - - -Notice that the flags that are set are printed in all-caps when the`reg eflags` command is issued. - -The `set` command (GDB native) can be used to modify values that reside inside memory. - -``` {.code .bash} -pwndbg> telescope 0x804a010 -00:0000│ 0x804a010 ◂— 'Please provide password: ' -01:0004│ 0x804a014 ◂— 'se provide password: ' -02:0008│ 0x804a018 ◂— 'rovide password: ' -03:000c│ 0x804a01c ◂— 'de password: ' -04:0010│ 0x804a020 ◂— 'assword: ' -05:0014│ 0x804a024 ◂— 'ord: ' -06:0018│ 0x804a028 ◂— 0x64250020 /* ' ' */ -07:001c│ 0x804a02c ◂— 0x0 - -pwndbg> set {char [14]} 0x804a010 = "No pass here" -Written 28 bytes to 0x8048630 -pwndbg> telescope 0x8048630 -00:0000│ 0x804a010 ◂— 'No pass here' -01:0004│ 0x804a014 ◂— 'ass here' -02:0008│ 0x804a018 ◂— 'here' -03:000c│ 0x804a01c ◂— 0x70200000 -04:0010│ 0x804a020 ◂— 'assword: ' -05:0014│ 0x804a024 ◂— 'ord: ' -06:0018│ 0x804a028 ◂— 0x64250020 /* ' ' */ -07:001c│ 0x804a02c ◂— 0x0 -``` - -As you can see the string residing in memory at address `0x8048630` has been modified using the `set` command. - -Pwngdb does not offer enhancements in modifying registry values. For modifying registry values you can use the GDB `set` command. - -``` {.code} -pwngdb> p/x $eax -$10 = 0x1 -pwngdb> set $eax=0x80 -pwngdb> p/x $eax -$11 = 0x80 -``` - - -### Enough with GDB (for a while) - - -The following section will describe the process of function calling in detail. Understanding function calling and stack operations during program execution is esential to exploitation. - -### The Stack - -The stack is one of the areas of memory which gets the biggest attention in exploitation writing. - - -#### Stack Growth - - -The stack grows from high memory addresses to low memory addresses. - -``` {.code .bash} -pwndbg> pdis $eip - - 0x80491db push eax - 0x80491dc call setvbuf@plt - - 0x80491e1 add esp, 0x10 - 0x80491e4 mov dword ptr [ebp - 8], 0 - 0x80491eb push 0x804a010 - ► 0x80491f0 call puts@plt - -pwndbg> p/x $esp -$1 = 0xffffcf6c -pwndbg> si -0x8049050 in puts@plt () -pwndbg> p/x $esp -$5 = 0xffffcf68 -``` - -As you can see from the example above the \$esp register had an initial value of `0xffffcf6c`. The next instruction that is about to be executed is a push (it pushes `0x0` on the stack). We execute the instruction and then reevaluate the value of `$esp`. As we can see `$esp` now points to `0xffffcf68` (`0xffffcf6c-0x4`). - - -#### Frame pointers and local function variables - - -Whenever the processor is entering the execution for a function, a special logical container is created on the stack for that function. - -This container is called a function frame. The idea behind it is that the processor must know which area of the stack belongs to which function. - -In order to achieve this logical segmentation a set of 2 instructions are automatically inserted by the compiler at the beginning of each function. Can you tell what they are based on the output below? - -``` {.code .bash} -pwndbg> break main -Breakpoint 1 at 0x80484c8 -pwndbg> run -[----------------------------------registers-----------------------------------] - EAX 0xf7fa99e8 (environ) —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' - EBX 0x0 - ECX 0xb8a6a751 - EDX 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 - EDI 0x80490a0 (_start) ◂— xor ebp, ebp - ESI 0x1 - EBP 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 - ESP 0xffffcf70 ◂— 0x1 - EIP 0x80491d0 (main+7) ◂— mov eax, dword ptr [0x804c030] -[-------------------------------------code-------------------------------------] - 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp - 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp - 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx - 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 -=> 0x080491d0 <+7>: mov eax,ds:0x804c030 - 0x080491d5 <+12>: push 0x0 - 0x080491d7 <+14>: push 0x1 - 0x080491d9 <+16>: push 0x0 - 0x080491db <+18>: push eax - -[------------------------------------stack-------------------------------------] -00:0000│ esp 0xffffcf70 ◂— 0x1 -01:0004│ 0xffffcf74 ◂— 0x0 -02:0008│ ebp 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 -03:000c│ 0xffffcf7c —▸ 0xf7dda905 (__libc_start_main+229) ◂— add esp, 0x10 -04:0010│ 0xffffcf80 ◂— 0x1 -05:0014│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' -06:0018│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' -07:001c│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 - -[------------------------------------------------------------------------------] -Legend: code, data, rodata, value - -Breakpoint 1, 0x080491d0 in main () -pwndbg> disass password_accepted - - - 0x080491b2 <+0>: push ebp - 0x080491b3 <+1>: mov ebp,esp - 0x080491b5 <+3>: push 0x0 - 0x080491b7 <+5>: push 0x0 - 0x080491b9 <+7>: push 0x804a008 - 0x080491be <+12>: call 0x8049070 - 0x080491c3 <+17>: add esp,0xc - 0x080491c6 <+20>: nop - 0x080491c7 <+21>: leave - 0x080491c8 <+22>: ret - -``` - -What we did is we created a breakpoint for the start of the main function and then ran the program. As you can see the first 2 instructions that got executed were `push ebp` and `mov ebp,esp`. - -We then set a breakpoint for another function called `pass_accepted`, continued execution and entered a password that we know is going to pass validation. Once the breakpoint is hit, we can see the same 2 instructions `push ebp` and `mov ebp,esp`. - -The two instructions which can be noticed at the beginning of any function are the instructions required for creating the logical container for each function on the stack. - -In essence what they do is save the reference of the old container (`push ebp`) and record the current address at the top of the stack as the beginning of the new container(`mov ebp,esp`). - -For a visual explanation please see below: - -

- Sublime's custom image -

- -As you can see the EBP register always points to the stack address that corresponds to the beginning of the current function\'s frame. That is why it is most often referred to as the frame pointer. - -In addition to the two instructions required for creating a new stack frame for a function, there are a couple more instructions that you will usually see at the beginning of a function - -If you analyze the instructions at the beginning of main, you can spot these as being: - -1. An `and esp,0xfffffff0` instruction. - -2. A `sub` insctruction that subtracts a hex value from ESP. - -The first of the two instructions has the purpose of aligning the stack to a specific address boundary. This is done to increase processor efficiency. In our specific case, the top of the stack gets aligned to a 16 byte multiple address. - -One of the purposes of the stack inside functions is that of offering address space in which to place local variables. The second instruction preallocates space for local function variables. - -Let\'s see how local variables are handled inside assembly code. - -``` {.code .c} -#include -int main() -{ - int a; - a=1; - return 0; -} -``` - -``` {.code .bash} -kali@kali:~/sss$ gdb test -GNU gdb (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.4-2012.02-0ubuntu2) 7.4-2012.02 -Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later -This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. -There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying" -and "show warranty" for details. -This GDB was configured as "i686-linux-gnu". -For bug reporting instructions, please see: -... -Reading symbols from /home/dgioga/sss/test...(no debugging symbols found)...done. -pwndbg> break main -Breakpoint 1 at 0x80483ba -pwndbg> run -[----------------------------------registers-----------------------------------] -EAX: 0x1 -EBX: 0xb7fc6ff4 --> 0x1a0d7c -ECX: 0xbffff414 --> 0xbffff576 ("/home/dgioga/sss/test") -EDX: 0xbffff3a4 --> 0xb7fc6ff4 --> 0x1a0d7c -ESI: 0x0 -EDI: 0x0 -EBP: 0xbffff378 --> 0x0 -ESP: 0xbffff368 --> 0x80483d9 (<__libc_csu_init+9>:,add ebx,0x1c1b) -EIP: 0x80483ba (:,mov DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4],0x1) -EFLAGS: 0x200282 (carry parity adjust zero SIGN trap INTERRUPT direction overflow) -[-------------------------------------code-------------------------------------] - 0x80483b4
:, push ebp - 0x80483b5 :,mov ebp,esp - 0x80483b7 :,sub esp,0x10 -=> 0x80483ba :,mov DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4],0x1 - 0x80483c1 :,mov eax,0x0 - 0x80483c6 :,leave - 0x80483c7 :,ret - 0x80483c8:,nop -[------------------------------------stack-------------------------------------] -0000| 0xbffff368 --> 0x80483d9 (<__libc_csu_init+9>:,add ebx,0x1c1b) -0004| 0xbffff36c --> 0xb7fc6ff4 --> 0x1a0d7c -0008| 0xbffff370 --> 0x80483d0 (<__libc_csu_init>:,push ebp) -0012| 0xbffff374 --> 0x0 -0016| 0xbffff378 --> 0x0 -0020| 0xbffff37c --> 0xb7e3f4d3 (<__libc_start_main+243>:,mov DWORD PTR [esp],eax) -0024| 0xbffff380 --> 0x1 -0028| 0xbffff384 --> 0xbffff414 --> 0xbffff576 ("/home/dgioga/sss/test") -[------------------------------------------------------------------------------] -Legend: code, data, rodata, value - -Breakpoint 1, 0x080483ba in main () -``` - -As you can see the operations that relate to the stack are: - -1. The old frame pointer is saved. - -2. EBP takes the value of ESP (the frame pointer is set to point to the current function\'s frame). - -3. `0x10` is subtracted from ESP (reserve space for local variables). - -4. The value `0x01` is placed at the address of EBP-0x4 (the local - variable `a` takes the value 1). - -#### Function parameters - - -The stack is also used to pass in parameters to functions. - -In the process of calling a function we can define two entities. The callee (the function that gets called) and the caller (the function that calls). - -When a function is called, the caller pushes the parameters for the callee on the stack. The parameters are pushed in reverse order. - -When the callee wants to get access to the parameters it was called with, all it needs to do is access the area of the stack that is higher up in reference to the start of it\'s frame. - -At this point it makes sense to remember the following cases: - -1. When EBP+value is referred to it is generally a referral to a parameter passed in to the current function. - -2. When EBP-value is referred to it is generally a referral to a local variable. - -Lets see how this happens with the following code: - -``` {.code .c} -#include - -int add(int a, int b) -{ - int c; - c=a+b; - return c; -} - -int main() -{ - add(10,3); - return 0; -} -``` - -``` {.code .bash} -pwndbg> pdis 0x080483ca -Dump of assembler code for function main: - 0x080483ca <+0>:,push ebp #save the old frame pointer - 0x080483cb <+1>:,mov ebp,esp #create the new frame pointer - 0x080483cd <+3>:,sub esp,0x8 #create space for local variables - 0x080483d0 <+6>:,mov DWORD PTR [esp+0x4],0x3 #push the last parameter of the function that is to be called - 0x080483d8 <+14>:,mov DWORD PTR [esp],0xa #push the second to last(the first in this case) parameter of the function that is to be called - 0x080483df <+21>:,call 0x80483b4 #call the function - 0x080483e4 <+26>:,mov eax,0x0 - 0x080483e9 <+31>:,leave - 0x080483ea <+32>:,ret -End of assembler dump. -pwndbg> pdis 0x080483b4 -Dump of assembler code for function add: - 0x080483b4 <+0>:,push ebp #save the old frame pointer - 0x080483b5 <+1>:,mov ebp,esp #create a new frame pointer - 0x080483b7 <+3>:,sub esp,0x10 #create space for local variables - 0x080483ba <+6>:,mov eax,DWORD PTR [ebp+0xc] #move the first parameter into the EAX register (ebp+saved_ebp(4 bytes)+return_addres(4 bytes)+last_parameter(4 bytes)) - 0x080483bd <+9>:,mov edx,DWORD PTR [ebp+0x8] #move the second parameter into the EDX register (ebp+saved_ebp(4 bytes)+return_addres(4 bytes)) - 0x080483c0 <+12>:,add eax,edx #add the registers - 0x080483c2 <+14>:,mov DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4],eax #place the result inside the local variable (c) - 0x080483c5 <+17>:,mov eax,DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4] #place the result inside the eax register in order to return it - 0x080483c8 <+20>:,leave - 0x080483c9 <+21>:,ret -End of assembler dump. -``` - -As you can see the parameters were pushed in reverse order, and the rule regarding the reference to EBP holds. - -If you don\'t understand why the offset for the parameters starts at EBP+0x08 and not EBP follow through with the next section. - - -#### Calling functions (call and ret) - -When calling a function the callee places the return address on the stack. This address is nothing more than a bookmark so that execution can resume where it left off once the called function finishes -execution. - -The last instruction in functions is usually a `ret` instruction that resumes execution to the callee. - -For a better understanding of function calling and returning, from an execution flow point of view, please follow through with the following tip. - -The call instruction could be translated to the following instructions: - -1. `push eip` -2. `mov eip, address_of_called_function` - -The ret instruction could be translated into: - -1. `pop eip` - -The visual depiction of how the stack looks while a program is executing -can be found in section 2 but will be included here as well: - -

- -

- - - -### Next lesson preview: Buffer Overflows - - -Now that we have a complete overview of the stack we can step forward to stack based buffer overflows. - -A buffer overflow takes place when there is a lack of checking regarding boundaries and usually result in complete control of the program\'s instruction pointer. This takes place when a buffer overflows its boundaries and overwrites the return address of a function. - -A typical example of buffer overflows can be seen in the following picture: - -

- -

- -Challenges ----------- - -Use GDB and pwndbg to run the code provided in the Activities section. - -### 01. Challenge - Explore The Simple Password Protected Bash - - -The executable gets input from the user and evaluates it against a static condition. If it succeeds it then calls a `password_accepted` function that prints out a success message and spawns a shell. - -Your task is to use GDB and pwndbg to force the executable to call the `password_accepted` function. - -Gather as much info about the executable as possible through the techniques you have learned in previous sessions. - -Think of modifying registers for forcing the executable to call thefunction (there is more than one way of doing this). - -### 02. Challenge - Simple Password Protected Bash Destruction - -What is the condition against which your input is evaluated in the executable contained in the executable `sppb`? - -The ultimate goal is to be able to craft an input for the binary so that -the `password_accepted` function is called (modifying registers while -running the program in GDB is just for training purposes). - - - -### 03. Challenge - Domino - -Analyze the binary, reverse engineer what it does and get a nice message -back. - -### 04. Challenge - Call me - -Investigate the binary in `04-challenge-call-me/src/call_me` and find -out the flag - -
- Hint - There is something hidden you can toy around with. -
- - -
- Hint - The challenge name is a hint. -
- - -### 05. Challenge - Snooze Me - - -I wrote a simple binary that computes the answer to life, the universe and everything. It swear it works... eventually. - -### 06. Challenge - Phone Home - - -To protect their confidential data from those snooping cloud providers, the authors of `06-challenge-phone-home/src/phone_home` have used some obfuscation techniques. - -Unfortunately, the key feature of the application is now unreachable due to a bug. Can you bypass the impossible condition? - -### 07. Challenge - Chain encoder - -How do you reverse something made to be ireversible, you are welcome to find out in this challenge. - -### 08. Challenge - Simple cdkey - -I found this software but i don't have the cd key, can you crack it for me? - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the -following license: [CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) +# Dynamic Analysis + +## Introduction + +### Objectives & Rationale + +The first part of this session will give you a walkthrough of the most common GDB principles that we are going to use in exploitation. +In the second half, we are going to use these concepts in practice, to evade a basic key evaluation program. + +Black Box type analysis works best when standard algorithms are used in the program, such as: `MD5`, `SHA1`, `RSA`. +We can change the input to a more suggestive one and use the output to estimate what function was used to convert it. + +Combined with behavioral analysis methods such as using sandboxes or strace/ltrace we can quickly map sections of code to functionalities. + +With dynamic analysis, packed malware can be extracted from memory in unpacked form, enabling us to continue static analysis on the complete binary. + +### Prerequisites + +In the current session we will use GDB extensively. +We assume that you are familiar with its basic usage and will move on quickly to some of its more advanced features. + +To brush up on the GDB basics, read this [Refresher](https://security.cs.pub.ro/summer-school/wiki/session/04-gdb "session:04-gdb"). + +The executable used in the demo is called `sppb` and is the challenge 1 binary. + +### Before GDB + +One thing you should always do before firing up GDB is to try to learn all the available information on the executable you're trying to debug through the techniques that have been presented so far. + +For the purposes of this session it is a good idea to always run`objdump` on all the executable files before attaching GDB to them so that you have a better idea of what goes where. + +```console +objdump -M intel -d [executable] +``` + +## GDB Basic Commands + +### Getting help with GDB + +Whenever you want to find out more information about GDB commands feel free to search for it inside [the documentation](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/ "http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/") or by using the `help` command followed by your area of interest. +For example searching for help for the `disassemble` command can be obtained by running the following command in GDB: + +```text +# Print info about all help areas available. +# Identify the area of your question. +(gdb) help + +# Print info about available data commands. +# Identify the command you want to learn more about. +(gdb) help data + +# Print info about a specific command. +# Find out more about the command you are searching for. +(gdb) help disassemble +``` + +### Opening a program with GDB + +A program can be opened for debugging in a number of ways. +We can run GDB directly attaching it to a program: + +```console +gdb [executable-file] +``` + +Or we can open up GDB and then specify the program we are trying to attach to using the file or file-exec command: + +```console +$ gdb +(gdb) file [executable-file] +``` + +Furthermore we can attach GDB to a running service if we know its process id: + +```text +gdb --pid [pid_number] +``` + +### Disassembling + +GDB allows disassembling of binary code using the `disassemble` command +(it may be shortened to `disas`). +The command can be issued either on a +memory address or using labels. + +```text +(gdb) disassemble *main +Dump of assembler code for function main: + 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp + 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp + 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx + 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 +=> 0x080491d0 <+7>: mov eax,ds:0x804c030 +....Output ommited..... + +(gdb) disassemble 0x080491c9 +Dump of assembler code for function main: + 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp + 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp + 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx + 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 +=> 0x080491d0 <+7>: mov eax,ds:0x804c030 +``` + +### Adding Breakpoints + +Breakpoints are important to suspend the execution of the program being debugged in a certain place. +Adding breakpoints is done with the `break` command. +A good idea is to place a breakpoint at the main function of the program you are trying to exploit. +Given the fact that you have already run `objdump` and disassembled the program you know the address for the start of the main function. +This means that we can set a breakpoint for the start of our program in two ways: + +```text +(gdb) break *main (when the binary is not stripped of symbols) +(gdb) break *0x[main_address_obtained_with_objdump] (when aslr is off) +``` + +The general format for setting breakpoints in GDB is as follows: + +```text +(gdb) break [LOCATION] [thread THREADNUM] [if CONDITION] +``` + +Issuing the `break` command with no parameters will place a breakpoint at the current address. +GDB allows using abbreviated forms for all the commands it supports. +Learning these abbreviations comes with time and will greatly improve you work output. +Always be on the lookout for using abbreviated commands + +The abbreviated command for setting breakpoints is simply `b`. + +### Listing Breakpoints + +At any given time all the breakpoints in the program can be displayed using the `info breakpoints` command: + +```text +(gdb) info breakpoints +``` + +You can also issue the abbreviated form of the command + +```text +(gdb) i b +``` + +### Deleting Breakpoints + +Breakpoints can be removed by issuing the `delete breakpoints` command followed by the breakpoints number, as it is listed in the output of the +`info breakpoints` command. + +```text +(gdb) delete breakpoints [breakpoint_number] +``` + +You can also delete all active breakpoints by issuing the following the `delete breakpoints` command with no parameters: + +```text +(gdb) delete breakpoints +``` + +Once a breakpoint is set you would normally want to launch the program into execution. +You can do this by issuing the `run` command. +The program will start executing and stop at the first breakpoint you have set. + +```text +(gdb) run +``` + +#### Execution Flow + +Execution flow can be controlled in GDB using the `continue`, `stepi`,`nexti` as follows: + +```text +(gdb) help continue +# Continue program being debugged, after signal or breakpoint. +# If proceeding from breakpoint, a number N may be used as an argument, +# which means to set the ignore count of that breakpoint to N - 1 (so that the breakpoint won't break until the Nth time it is reached). + +(gdb) help stepi +# Step one instruction exactly. +# Argument N means do this N times (or till program stops for another reason). + +(gdb) help nexti +# Step one instruction, but proceed through subroutine calls. +# Argument N means do this N times (or till program stops for another reason). +``` + +You can also use the abbreviated format of the commands: `c` (`continue`), `si` (`stepi`), `ni` (`nexti`). + +If at any point you want to start the program execution from the beginning you can always reissue the `run` command. + +Another technique that can be used for setting breakpoints is using offsets. + +As you already know, each assembly instruction takes a certain number of bytes inside the executable file. +This means that whenever you are setting breakpoints using offsets you must always set them at instruction boundaries. + +```text +(gdb) break *main +Breakpoint 1 at 0x80491d0 +(gdb) run +Starting program: sppb + +Breakpoint 1, 0x80491d0 in main () +(gdb) disassemble main +Dump of assembler code for function main: + 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp + 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp + 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx + 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 +.....Output ommited..... +(gdb) break *main+4 +Breakpoint 2 at 0x80491cd +``` + +### Examine and Print, Your Most Powerful Tools + +GDB allows examining of memory locations be them specified as addresses or stored in registers. +The `x` command (for *examine*) is arguably one of the most powerful tool in your arsenal and the most common command you are going to run when exploiting. +The format for the `examine` command is as follows: + +```text +(gdb) x/nfu [address] + n: How many units to print + f: Format character + a Pointer + c Read as integer, print as character + d Integer, signed decimal + f Floating point number + o Integer, print as octal + s Treat as C string (read all successive memory addresses until null character and print as characters) + t Integer, print as binary (t="two") + u Integer, unsigned decimal + x Integer, print as hexadecimal + u: Unit + b: Byte + h: Half-word (2 bytes) + w: Word (4 bytes) + g: Giant word (8 bytes) + i: Instruction (read n assembly instructions from the specified memory address) +``` + +In contrast with the examine command, which reads data at a memory location the `print` command (shorthand `p`) prints out values stored in registers and variables. +The format for the `print` command is as follows: + +```text +(gdb) p/f [what] + f: Format character + a Pointer + c Read as integer, print as character + d Integer, signed decimal + f Floating point number + o Integer, print as octal + s Treat as C string (read all successive memory addresses until null character and print as characters) + t Integer, print as binary (t="two") + u Integer, unsigned decimal + x Integer, print as hexadecimal + i Instruction (read n assembly instructions from the specified memory address) +``` + +For a better explanation please follow through with the following example: + +```text +# A breakpoint has been set inside the program and the program has been run with the appropriate commands to reach the breakpoint. +# At this point we want to see which are the following 10 instructions. +(gdb) x/10i 0x80491cd + 0x80491cd : sub esp,0x4 + 0x80491d0 : mov eax,ds:0x804c030 + 0x80491d5 : push 0x0 + 0x80491d7 : push 0x1 + 0x80491d9 : push 0x0 + 0x80491db : push eax + 0x80491dc : call 0x8049080 + +# Let's examine the memory at 0x804a02a because we have a hint that this address holds one of the parameters of the scanf call as it is afterwards placed on the stack (we'll explain later how we have reached this conclusion). +# The other parameter will be an address where the input will be stored. +(gdb) x/s 0x804a02a +0x804a02a: "%d" + +# We now set a breakpoint for *main+56. +(gdb) break *0x08049201 +Breakpoint 3 at 0x08049201 +(gdb) continue +Continuing. + +Breakpoint 3, 0x08049201 in main () + +# We then record the value of the eax register somewhere and use nexti(ni) and then we input an integer. +# Let's examine the address which we recorded earlier corresponding to the eax register (it should've held the address for the integer we input). +# Take note that in GDB registers are preceded by the "$" character very much like variables. +(gdb) x/d 0xffffcf70 <- (your address) +0xffffcf70: +# Now let's print the contents of the eax register as hexadecimal. +(gdb) p/x $eax +$1 = + +# The diference between p and x can be observed by issuing the following commands: +x/s 0x804a030 +0x804a030: "Your password is: %d. Evaluating it...\n" + +p /s 0x804a030 + +# $2 = 1920298841 which is the number in decimal format that "Your" can be translated to by its ascii codes (little endian so written as 0x72756F59). + +# In order to see the same result we must use the command p /s (char*)0x804a030 and dereference the pointer ourselves. +# As you can see the address holds the memory for the beginning of the string. +# This shows you how "x" interprets data from memory while "p" merely prints out the contents in the required format +# You can think of it as "x" dereferencing while "p" not dereferencing +``` + +### GDB Command file + +When exploiting, there are a couple of commands that you will issue periodically and doing that by hand will get cumbersome. +GDB commands files will allow you to run a specific set of commands automatically after each command you issue manually. +This comes in especially handy when you're stepping through a program and want to see what happens with the registers and stack after each instruction is ran, which is the main target when exploiting. + +The examine command only has sense when code is already running on the machine so inside the file we are going to use the display command which translates to the same output. + +In order to use this option you must first create your commands file. +This file can include any GDB commands you like but a good start would be printing out the content of all the register values, the next ten instructions that are going to be executed, and some portion from the top of the stack. + +The reason for examining all of the above after each instruction is ran will become more clear once the we go through the second section of the session. + +Command file template: + +```text +display/10i $eip +display/x $eax +display/x $ebx +display/x $ecx +display/x $edx +display/x $edi +display/x $esi +display/x $ebp +display/32xw $esp +``` + +In order to view all register values you could use the `x` command. +However the values of all registers can be obtained by running the`info all-registers` command: + +```text +(gdb) info all-registers +eax 0x8048630,134514224 +ecx 0xbffff404,-1073744892 +edx 0xbffff394,-1073745004 +ebx 0xb7fc6ff4,-1208193036 +esp 0xbffff330,0xbffff330 +ebp 0xbffff368,0xbffff368 +esi 0x0,0 +edi 0x0,0 +eip 0x80484e9,0x80484e9 +eflags 0x286,[ PF SF IF ] +cs 0x73,115 +ss 0x7b,123 +ds 0x7b,123 +es 0x7b,123 +fs 0x0,0 +gs 0x33,51 +st0 *value not available* +st1 *value not available* +st2 *value not available* +st3 *value not available* +st4 *value not available* +st5 *value not available* +st6 *value not available* +st7 *value not available* +fctrl 0x37f,895 +fstat 0x0,0 +ftag 0xffff,65535 +fiseg 0x0,0 +fioff 0x0,0 +foseg 0x0,0 +---Type to continue, or q to quit--- +fooff 0x0,0 +fop 0x0,0 +mxcsr 0x1f80,[ IM DM ZM OM UM PM ] +ymm0 *value not available* +ymm1 *value not available* +ymm2 *value not available* +ymm3 *value not available* +ymm4 *value not available* +ymm5 *value not available* +ymm6 *value not available* +ymm7 *value not available* +mm0 *value not available* +mm1 *value not available* +mm2 *value not available* +mm3 *value not available* +mm4 *value not available* +mm5 *value not available* +mm6 *value not available* +mm7 *value not available* +``` + +One thing you might notice while using GDB is that addresses seem to be pretty similar between runs. +Although with experience you will gain a better feel for where an address points to, one thing to remember at this point would be that stack addresses usually have the `0xbffff….` format. +In order to run GDB with the commands file you have just generated, when launching GDB specify the `-x [command_file]` parameter. + +### Using GDB to modify variables + +GDB can be used to modify variables during runtime. +In the case of exploitation this comes in handy as the program can be altered at runtime with the purpose of changing the execution path to desired branches. + +## Pwndbg + +As you can see using GDB can be cumbersome, this is why we recommend using the Pwndbg plug-in. +The tutorial as well as the repository of the project can be found [here](https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg). + +Give the fact that Pwndbg is just a wrapper, all the functionality of GDB will be available when running gdb with the Pwndbg plug-in. +Some of the advantages of using pwngdb include: + +- Automatic preview of registers, code and stack after each instruction (you no longer need to create your own commands file) +- Automatic dereferencing and following through of memory locations +- Color coding + +An alternative to Pwndbg is [GEF](https://github.com/hugsy/gef). + However, this tutorial is designed with Pwndbg in mind. + +### Pwndbg Commands + +`pdis` command gives a pretty output that is similar to what the `disas` command in GDB prints: + +```text +Usage: pdis 0x80491d0 +``` + +If `pdis` is used with an address as a parameter, the output will be similar to what `x/Ni` prints out (where N is the number of instructions you want to disassemble): + +```text +Usage: pdis [address] [N] - where N is the number of instructions you want to be printed +``` + +The `stepi` command has the same effect as in GDB however, if you are running Pwndbg you will notice that after each step Pwndbg will automatically print register values, several lines of code from `eip`. +register and a portion of the stack: + +```text +pwndbg> stepi + +LEGEND: STACK | HEAP | CODE | DATA | RWX | RODATA +────────────────────────────────────[ REGISTERS ]──────────────────────────────────── +*EAX 0xf7facd20 (_IO_2_1_stdout_) ◂— 0xfbad2084 + EBX 0x0 + ECX 0xa00af61b + EDX 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 + EDI 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c + ESI 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c + EBP 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 + ESP 0xffffcf70 —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c +*EIP 0x80491d5 (main+12) ◂— push 0 /* 'j' */ +─────────────────────────────────────[ DISASM ]────────────────────────────────────── + 0x80491d0 mov eax, dword ptr [stdout@GLIBC_2.0] <0x804c030> + ► 0x80491d5 push 0 + 0x80491d7 push 1 + 0x80491d9 push 0 + 0x80491db push eax + 0x80491dc call setvbuf@plt + + 0x80491e1 add esp, 0x10 + 0x80491e4 mov dword ptr [ebp - 8], 0 + 0x80491eb push 0x804a010 + 0x80491f0 call puts@plt + + 0x80491f5 add esp, 4 +──────────────────────────────────[ SOURCE (CODE) ]────────────────────────────────── +In file: /home/kali/Desktop/dokermaker/binary-internal/sessions/05-dynamic-analysis/activities/01-02-challenge-sppb/src/sppb.c + 6 execve("/bin/sh", 0, 0); + 7 } + 8 + 9 int main() + 10 { + ► 11 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0); + 12 int readValue = 0; + 13 + 14 printf("Please provide password: \n"); + 15 scanf("%d", &readValue); + 16 +──────────────────────────────────────[ STACK ]────────────────────────────────────── +00:0000│ esp 0xffffcf70 —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c +01:0004│ 0xffffcf74 ◂— 0x0 +02:0008│ ebp 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 +03:000c│ 0xffffcf7c —▸ 0xf7de0fd6 (__libc_start_main+262) ◂— add esp, 0x10 +04:0010│ 0xffffcf80 ◂— 0x1 +05:0014│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' +06:0018│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' +07:001c│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 +────────────────────────────────────[ BACKTRACE ]──────────────────────────────────── + ► f 0 0x80491d5 main+12 + f 1 0xf7de0fd6 __libc_start_main+262 + +``` + +You can always use the following commands to obtain context at any given moment inside the debug process: + +- `context reg` +- `context code` +- `context stack` +- `context all` + +One additional Pwndbg command which can be used to show values in registers is the `telescope` command. +The command does dereferencing of the pointer values until it gets to a value and prints out the entire trace. + +The command can be used with both registers and memory addresses: + +```text +pwndbg$ telescope $esp +00:0000│ esp 0xffffcf70 —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c +01:0004│ 0xffffcf74 ◂— 0x0 +02:0008│ ebp 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 +03:000c│ 0xffffcf7c —▸ 0xf7de0fd6 (__libc_start_main+262) ◂— add esp, 0x10 +04:0010│ 0xffffcf80 ◂— 0x1 +05:0014│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' +06:0018│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' +07:001c│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 +pwndbg> telescope 0xffffcf84 +00:0000│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' +01:0004│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' +02:0008│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 +03:000c│ 0xffffcf90 —▸ 0xffffcfc4 ◂— 0xe38ae80b +04:0010│ 0xffffcf94 —▸ 0xf7ffdb60 —▸ 0xf7ffdb00 —▸ 0xf7fc93e0 —▸ 0xf7ffd9a0 ◂— ... +05:0014│ 0xffffcf98 —▸ 0xf7fc9410 —▸ 0x804832d ◂— 'GLIBC_2.0' +06:0018│ 0xffffcf9c —▸ 0xf7fac000 (_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_) ◂— 0x1e9d6c +07:001c│ 0xffffcfa0 ◂— 0x1 +``` + +In the example above, the memory address 0x8048630 was loaded into `EAX`. +That is why examining the register or the memory location gives the same output. + +For more information on various Pwndbg commands you can always visit the help. +However you should also know the basics of using GDB as well. + +### Altering variables and memory with Pwndbg and GDB + +In addition to basic registers, GDB has a two extra variables which map onto some of the existing registers, as follows: + +- `$pc - $eip` +- `$sp - $esp` +- `$fp - $ebp` + +In addition to these there are also two registers which can be used to view the processor state `$ps - processor status` + +Values of memory addresses and registers can be altered at execution time. +Because altering memory is a lot easier using Pwndbg we are going to use it throughout today's session. + +The easiest way of altering the execution flow of a program is editing the `$eflags` register just before jump instructions. + +Using GDB the `$eflags` register can be easily modified: + +```text +pwndbg> reg eflags +EFLAGS 0x282 [ cf pf af zf SF IF df of ] +Set the ZF flag +pwndbg> set $eflags |= (1 << 6) +Clear the ZF flag +pwndbg> set $eflags &= ~(1 << 6) +``` + +Notice that the flags that are set are printed in all-caps when the`reg eflags` command is issued. + +The `set` command (GDB native) can be used to modify values that reside inside memory. + +```text +pwndbg> telescope 0x804a010 +00:0000│ 0x804a010 ◂— 'Please provide password: ' +01:0004│ 0x804a014 ◂— 'se provide password: ' +02:0008│ 0x804a018 ◂— 'rovide password: ' +03:000c│ 0x804a01c ◂— 'de password: ' +04:0010│ 0x804a020 ◂— 'assword: ' +05:0014│ 0x804a024 ◂— 'ord: ' +06:0018│ 0x804a028 ◂— 0x64250020 /* ' ' */ +07:001c│ 0x804a02c ◂— 0x0 + +pwndbg> set {char [14]} 0x804a010 = "No pass here" +Written 28 bytes to 0x8048630 +pwndbg> telescope 0x8048630 +00:0000│ 0x804a010 ◂— 'No pass here' +01:0004│ 0x804a014 ◂— 'ass here' +02:0008│ 0x804a018 ◂— 'here' +03:000c│ 0x804a01c ◂— 0x70200000 +04:0010│ 0x804a020 ◂— 'assword: ' +05:0014│ 0x804a024 ◂— 'ord: ' +06:0018│ 0x804a028 ◂— 0x64250020 /* ' ' */ +07:001c│ 0x804a02c ◂— 0x0 +``` + +As you can see the string residing in memory at address `0x8048630` has been modified using the `set` command. + +Pwngdb does not offer enhancements in modifying registry values. +For modifying registry values you can use the GDB `set` command. + +``` {.code} +pwngdb> p/x $eax +$10 = 0x1 +pwngdb> set $eax=0x80 +pwngdb> p/x $eax +$11 = 0x80 +``` + +## The Stack + +This section details process of function calling in detail. +Understanding function calling and stack operations during program execution is essential to exploitation. + +The stack is one of the areas of memory which gets the biggest attention in exploitation writing. + +### Stack Growth + +The stack grows from high memory addresses to low memory addresses. + +```text +pwndbg> pdis $eip + + 0x80491db push eax + 0x80491dc call setvbuf@plt + + 0x80491e1 add esp, 0x10 + 0x80491e4 mov dword ptr [ebp - 8], 0 + 0x80491eb push 0x804a010 + ► 0x80491f0 call puts@plt + +pwndbg> p/x $esp +$1 = 0xffffcf6c +pwndbg> si +0x8049050 in puts@plt () +pwndbg> p/x $esp +$5 = 0xffffcf68 +``` + +As you can see from the example above the \$esp register had an initial value of `0xffffcf6c`. +The next instruction that is about to be executed is a push (it pushes `0x0` on the stack). +We execute the instruction and then reevaluate the value of `$esp`. +As we can see `$esp` now points to `0xffffcf68` (`0xffffcf6c-0x4`). + +### Frame Pointers and Local Function Variables + +Whenever the processor is entering the execution for a function, a special logical container is created on the stack for that function. + +This container is called a function frame. +The idea behind it is that the processor must know which area of the stack belongs to which function. + +In order to achieve this logical segmentation a set of 2 instructions are automatically inserted by the compiler at the beginning of each function. +Can you tell what they are based on the output below? + +```text +pwndbg> break main +Breakpoint 1 at 0x80484c8 +pwndbg> run +[----------------------------------registers-----------------------------------] + EAX 0xf7fa99e8 (environ) —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' + EBX 0x0 + ECX 0xb8a6a751 + EDX 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 + EDI 0x80490a0 (_start) ◂— xor ebp, ebp + ESI 0x1 + EBP 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 + ESP 0xffffcf70 ◂— 0x1 + EIP 0x80491d0 (main+7) ◂— mov eax, dword ptr [0x804c030] +[-------------------------------------code-------------------------------------] + 0x080491c9 <+0>: push ebp + 0x080491ca <+1>: mov ebp,esp + 0x080491cc <+3>: push ebx + 0x080491cd <+4>: sub esp,0x4 +=> 0x080491d0 <+7>: mov eax,ds:0x804c030 + 0x080491d5 <+12>: push 0x0 + 0x080491d7 <+14>: push 0x1 + 0x080491d9 <+16>: push 0x0 + 0x080491db <+18>: push eax + +[------------------------------------stack-------------------------------------] +00:0000│ esp 0xffffcf70 ◂— 0x1 +01:0004│ 0xffffcf74 ◂— 0x0 +02:0008│ ebp 0xffffcf78 ◂— 0x0 +03:000c│ 0xffffcf7c —▸ 0xf7dda905 (__libc_start_main+229) ◂— add esp, 0x10 +04:0010│ 0xffffcf80 ◂— 0x1 +05:0014│ 0xffffcf84 —▸ 0xffffd024 —▸ 0xffffd1d9 ◂— '/home/kali/Desktop/sppb' +06:0018│ 0xffffcf88 —▸ 0xffffd02c —▸ 0xffffd24d ◂— 'COLORFGBG=15;0' +07:001c│ 0xffffcf8c —▸ 0xffffcfb4 ◂— 0x0 + +[------------------------------------------------------------------------------] +Legend: code, data, rodata, value + +Breakpoint 1, 0x080491d0 in main () +pwndbg> disass password_accepted + + + 0x080491b2 <+0>: push ebp + 0x080491b3 <+1>: mov ebp,esp + 0x080491b5 <+3>: push 0x0 + 0x080491b7 <+5>: push 0x0 + 0x080491b9 <+7>: push 0x804a008 + 0x080491be <+12>: call 0x8049070 + 0x080491c3 <+17>: add esp,0xc + 0x080491c6 <+20>: nop + 0x080491c7 <+21>: leave + 0x080491c8 <+22>: ret + +``` + +What we did is we created a breakpoint for the start of the main function and then ran the program. +As you can see the first 2 instructions that got executed were `push ebp` and `mov ebp,esp`. + +We then set a breakpoint for another function called `pass_accepted`, continued execution and entered a password that we know is going to pass validation. +Once the breakpoint is hit, we can see the same 2 instructions `push ebp` and `mov ebp,esp`. + +The two instructions which can be noticed at the beginning of any function are the instructions required for creating the logical container for each function on the stack. + +In essence what they do is save the reference of the old container (`push ebp`) and record the current address at the top of the stack as the beginning of the new container(`mov ebp,esp`). + +For a visual explanation please see below: + +![Frame pointer](https://security.cs.pub.ro/summer-school/wiki/_media/session/s5_frame_pointer_picture.jpg) + +As you can see the `EBP` register always points to the stack address that corresponds to the beginning of the current function's frame. +That is why it is most often referred to as the frame pointer. + +In addition to the two instructions required for creating a new stack frame for a function, there are a couple more instructions that you will usually see at the beginning of a function + +If you analyze the instructions at the beginning of main, you can spot these as being: + +- An `and esp,0xfffffff0` instruction. + +- A `sub` instruction that subtracts a hex value from ESP. + +The first of the two instructions has the purpose of aligning the stack to a specific address boundary. +This is done to increase processor efficiency. +In our specific case, the top of the stack gets aligned to a 16 byte multiple address. + +One of the purposes of the stack inside functions is that of offering address space in which to place local variables. +The second instruction preallocates space for local function variables. + +Let's see how local variables are handled inside assembly code. + +```c +#include +int main() +{ + int a; + a=1; + return 0; +} +``` + +```text +kali@kali:~/sss$ gdb test +GNU gdb (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.4-2012.02-0ubuntu2) 7.4-2012.02 +Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later +This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. +There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying" +and "show warranty" for details. +This GDB was configured as "i686-linux-gnu". +For bug reporting instructions, please see: +... +Reading symbols from /home/dgioga/sss/test...(no debugging symbols found)...done. +pwndbg> break main +Breakpoint 1 at 0x80483ba +pwndbg> run +[----------------------------------registers-----------------------------------] +EAX: 0x1 +EBX: 0xb7fc6ff4 --> 0x1a0d7c +ECX: 0xbffff414 --> 0xbffff576 ("/home/dgioga/sss/test") +EDX: 0xbffff3a4 --> 0xb7fc6ff4 --> 0x1a0d7c +ESI: 0x0 +EDI: 0x0 +EBP: 0xbffff378 --> 0x0 +ESP: 0xbffff368 --> 0x80483d9 (<__libc_csu_init+9>:,add ebx,0x1c1b) +EIP: 0x80483ba (:,mov DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4],0x1) +EFLAGS: 0x200282 (carry parity adjust zero SIGN trap INTERRUPT direction overflow) +[-------------------------------------code-------------------------------------] + 0x80483b4
:, push ebp + 0x80483b5 :,mov ebp,esp + 0x80483b7 :,sub esp,0x10 +=> 0x80483ba :,mov DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4],0x1 + 0x80483c1 :,mov eax,0x0 + 0x80483c6 :,leave + 0x80483c7 :,ret + 0x80483c8:,nop +[------------------------------------stack-------------------------------------] +0000| 0xbffff368 --> 0x80483d9 (<__libc_csu_init+9>:,add ebx,0x1c1b) +0004| 0xbffff36c --> 0xb7fc6ff4 --> 0x1a0d7c +0008| 0xbffff370 --> 0x80483d0 (<__libc_csu_init>:,push ebp) +0012| 0xbffff374 --> 0x0 +0016| 0xbffff378 --> 0x0 +0020| 0xbffff37c --> 0xb7e3f4d3 (<__libc_start_main+243>:,mov DWORD PTR [esp],eax) +0024| 0xbffff380 --> 0x1 +0028| 0xbffff384 --> 0xbffff414 --> 0xbffff576 ("/home/dgioga/sss/test") +[------------------------------------------------------------------------------] +Legend: code, data, rodata, value + +Breakpoint 1, 0x080483ba in main () +``` + +As you can see the operations that relate to the stack are: + +- The old frame pointer is saved. +- `EBP` takes the value of ESP (the frame pointer is set to point to the current function's frame). +- `0x10` is subtracted from ESP (reserve space for local variables). +- The value `0x01` is placed at the address of `EBP-0x4` (the local variable `a` takes the value 1). + +### Function Parameters + +The stack is also used to pass in parameters to functions. + +In the process of calling a function we can define two entities. +The callee (the function that gets called) and the caller (the function that calls). + +When a function is called, the caller pushes the parameters for the callee on the stack. +The parameters are pushed in reverse order. + +When the callee wants to get access to the parameters it was called with, all it needs to do is access the area of the stack that is higher up in reference to the start of it's frame. + +At this point it makes sense to remember the following cases: + +- When `EBP+value` is referred to it is generally a referral to a parameter passed in to the current function. +- When `EBP-value` is referred to it is generally a referral to a local variable. + +Lets see how this happens with the following code: + +```c +#include + +int add(int a, int b) +{ + int c; + c=a+b; + return c; +} + +int main() +{ + add(10,3); + return 0; +} +``` + +```text +pwndbg> pdis 0x080483ca +Dump of assembler code for function main: + 0x080483ca <+0>:,push ebp #save the old frame pointer + 0x080483cb <+1>:,mov ebp,esp #create the new frame pointer + 0x080483cd <+3>:,sub esp,0x8 #create space for local variables + 0x080483d0 <+6>:,mov DWORD PTR [esp+0x4],0x3 #push the last parameter of the function that is to be called + 0x080483d8 <+14>:,mov DWORD PTR [esp],0xa #push the second to last(the first in this case) parameter of the function that is to be called + 0x080483df <+21>:,call 0x80483b4 #call the function + 0x080483e4 <+26>:,mov eax,0x0 + 0x080483e9 <+31>:,leave + 0x080483ea <+32>:,ret +End of assembler dump. +pwndbg> pdis 0x080483b4 +Dump of assembler code for function add: + 0x080483b4 <+0>:,push ebp #save the old frame pointer + 0x080483b5 <+1>:,mov ebp,esp #create a new frame pointer + 0x080483b7 <+3>:,sub esp,0x10 #create space for local variables + 0x080483ba <+6>:,mov eax,DWORD PTR [ebp+0xc] #move the first parameter into the EAX register (ebp+saved_ebp(4 bytes)+return_addres(4 bytes)+last_parameter(4 bytes)) + 0x080483bd <+9>:,mov edx,DWORD PTR [ebp+0x8] #move the second parameter into the EDX register (ebp+saved_ebp(4 bytes)+return_addres(4 bytes)) + 0x080483c0 <+12>:,add eax,edx #add the registers + 0x080483c2 <+14>:,mov DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4],eax #place the result inside the local variable (c) + 0x080483c5 <+17>:,mov eax,DWORD PTR [ebp-0x4] #place the result inside the eax register in order to return it + 0x080483c8 <+20>:,leave + 0x080483c9 <+21>:,ret +End of assembler dump. +``` + +As you can see the parameters were pushed in reverse order, and the rule regarding the reference to `EBP` holds. + +If you don't understand why the offset for the parameters starts at `EBP+0x08` and not `EBP` follow through with the next section. + +### Calling Functions (`call` and `ret`) + +When calling a function the callee places the return address on the stack. +This address is nothing more than a bookmark so that execution can resume where it left off once the called function finishes execution. + +The last instruction in functions is usually a `ret` instruction that resumes execution to the callee. + +For a better understanding of function calling and returning, from an execution flow point of view, please follow through with the following tip. + +The call instruction could be translated to the following instructions: + +- `push eip` +- `mov eip, address_of_called_function` + +The `ret` instruction could be translated into `pop eip`. + +The visual depiction of how the stack looks while a program is executing can be found in section 2 but will be included here as well: + +![Stack Convention](https://security.cs.pub.ro/summer-school/wiki/_media/session/stack-convention.png) + +### Next Section Preview: Buffer Overflows + +Now that we have a complete overview of the stack we can step forward to stack based buffer overflows. + +A buffer overflow takes place when there is a lack of checking regarding boundaries and usually result in complete control of the program's instruction pointer. +This takes place when a buffer overflows its boundaries and overwrites the return address of a function. + +A typical example of buffer overflows can be seen in the following picture: + +![Buffer Overflow](https://security.cs.pub.ro/summer-school/wiki/_media/session/s5_buffer_overflow.jpg) + +## Challenges + +Use GDB and Pwndbg to run the code provided in the Activities section. + +### 01. Challenge - Explore The Simple Password Protected Bash + +The executable gets input from the user and evaluates it against a static condition. +If it succeeds it then calls a `password_accepted` function that prints out a success message and spawns a shell. + +Your task is to use GDB and Pwndbg to force the executable to call the `password_accepted` function. + +Gather as much info about the executable as possible through the techniques you have learned in previous sessions. + +Think of modifying registers for forcing the executable to call the function (there is more than one way of doing this). + +### 02. Challenge - Simple Password Protected Bash Destruction + +What is the condition against which your input is evaluated in the executable contained in the executable `sppb`? + +The ultimate goal is to be able to craft an input for the binary so that the `password_accepted` function is called (modifying registers while running the program in GDB is just for training purposes). + +### 03. Challenge - Domino + +Analyze the binary, reverse engineer what it does and get a nice message +back. + +### 04. Challenge - Call Me + +Investigate the binary in `04-challenge-call-me/src/call_me` and find out the flag + +Hint: There is something hidden you can toy around with. + +Hint: The challenge name is a hint. + +### 05. Challenge - Snooze Me + +I wrote a simple binary that computes the answer to life, the universe and everything. +It swear it works... eventually. + +### 06. Challenge - Phone Home + +To protect their confidential data from those snooping cloud providers, the authors of `06-challenge-phone-home/src/phone_home` have used some obfuscation techniques. + +Unfortunately, the key feature of the application is now unreachable due to a bug. +Can you bypass the impossible condition? + +### 07. Challenge - Chain Encoder + +How do you reverse something made to be irreversible, you are welcome to find out in this challenge. + +### 08. Challenge - Simple CD Key + +I found this software but i don't have the CD key, can you crack it for me? diff --git a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/slides/.gitignore b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/slides/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68149c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/slides/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +/_site/ +/slides.md diff --git a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/slides/_site/css/highlight/base16/zenburn.css b/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/slides/_site/css/highlight/base16/zenburn.css deleted file mode 100644 index a075f5f..0000000 --- a/chapters/binary-analysis/dynamic-analysis/slides/_site/css/highlight/base16/zenburn.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -/*! - Theme: Zenburn - Author: elnawe - License: ~ MIT (or more permissive) [via base16-schemes-source] - Maintainer: @highlightjs/core-team - Version: 2021.09.0 -*/pre 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nodes[i];\n\t\tif( testNode.parentNode === container ) {\n\t\t\treturn testNode;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\t// If no node was found, create it now\n\tlet node = document.createElement( tagname );\n\tnode.className = classname;\n\tnode.innerHTML = innerHTML;\n\tcontainer.appendChild( node );\n\n\treturn node;\n\n}\n\n/**\n * Injects the given CSS styles into the DOM.\n *\n * @param {string} value\n */\nexport const createStyleSheet = ( value ) => {\n\n\tlet tag = document.createElement( 'style' );\n\ttag.type = 'text/css';\n\n\tif( value && value.length > 0 ) {\n\t\tif( tag.styleSheet ) {\n\t\t\ttag.styleSheet.cssText = value;\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\ttag.appendChild( document.createTextNode( value ) );\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tdocument.head.appendChild( tag );\n\n\treturn tag;\n\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns a key:value hash of all query params.\n */\nexport const getQueryHash = () => {\n\n\tlet query = {};\n\n\tlocation.search.replace( /[A-Z0-9]+?=([\\w\\.%-]*)/gi, a => {\n\t\tquery[ a.split( '=' ).shift() ] = a.split( '=' ).pop();\n\t} );\n\n\t// Basic deserialization\n\tfor( let i in query ) {\n\t\tlet value = query[ i ];\n\n\t\tquery[ i ] = deserialize( unescape( value ) );\n\t}\n\n\t// Do not accept new dependencies via query config to avoid\n\t// the potential of malicious script injection\n\tif( typeof query['dependencies'] !== 'undefined' ) delete query['dependencies'];\n\n\treturn query;\n\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns the remaining height within the parent of the\n * target element.\n *\n * remaining height = [ configured parent height ] - [ current parent height ]\n *\n * @param {HTMLElement} element\n * @param {number} [height]\n */\nexport const getRemainingHeight = ( element, height = 0 ) => {\n\n\tif( element ) {\n\t\tlet newHeight, oldHeight = element.style.height;\n\n\t\t// Change the .stretch element height to 0 in order find the height of all\n\t\t// the other elements\n\t\telement.style.height = '0px';\n\n\t\t// In Overview mode, the parent (.slide) height is set of 700px.\n\t\t// Restore it temporarily to its natural height.\n\t\telement.parentNode.style.height = 'auto';\n\n\t\tnewHeight = height - element.parentNode.offsetHeight;\n\n\t\t// Restore the old height, just in case\n\t\telement.style.height = oldHeight + 'px';\n\n\t\t// Clear the parent (.slide) height. .removeProperty works in IE9+\n\t\telement.parentNode.style.removeProperty('height');\n\n\t\treturn newHeight;\n\t}\n\n\treturn height;\n\n}\n\nconst fileExtensionToMimeMap = {\n\t'mp4': 'video/mp4',\n\t'm4a': 'video/mp4',\n\t'ogv': 'video/ogg',\n\t'mpeg': 'video/mpeg',\n\t'webm': 'video/webm'\n}\n\n/**\n * Guess the MIME type for common file formats.\n */\nexport const getMimeTypeFromFile = ( filename='' ) => {\n\treturn fileExtensionToMimeMap[filename.split('.').pop()]\n}\n\n/**\n * Encodes a string for RFC3986-compliant URL format.\n * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURI#encoding_for_rfc3986\n *\n * @param {string} url\n */\nexport const encodeRFC3986URI = ( url='' ) => {\n\treturn encodeURI(url)\n\t .replace(/%5B/g, \"[\")\n\t .replace(/%5D/g, \"]\")\n\t .replace(\n\t\t/[!'()*]/g,\n\t\t(c) => `%${c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase()}`\n\t );\n}","const UA = navigator.userAgent;\n\nexport const isMobile = /(iphone|ipod|ipad|android)/gi.test( UA ) ||\n\t\t\t\t\t\t( navigator.platform === 'MacIntel' && navigator.maxTouchPoints > 1 ); // iPadOS\n\nexport const isChrome = /chrome/i.test( UA ) && !/edge/i.test( UA );\n\nexport const isAndroid = /android/gi.test( UA );","/*\n * fitty v2.3.3 - Snugly resizes text to fit its parent container\n * Copyright (c) 2020 Rik Schennink (https://pqina.nl/)\n */\n'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n value: true\n});\n\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; };\n\nexports.default = function (w) {\n\n // no window, early exit\n if (!w) return;\n\n // node list to array helper method\n var toArray = function toArray(nl) {\n return [].slice.call(nl);\n };\n\n // states\n var DrawState = {\n IDLE: 0,\n DIRTY_CONTENT: 1,\n DIRTY_LAYOUT: 2,\n DIRTY: 3\n };\n\n // all active fitty elements\n var fitties = [];\n\n // group all redraw calls till next frame, we cancel each frame request when a new one comes in. If no support for request animation frame, this is an empty function and supports for fitty stops.\n var redrawFrame = null;\n var requestRedraw = 'requestAnimationFrame' in w ? function () {\n w.cancelAnimationFrame(redrawFrame);\n redrawFrame = w.requestAnimationFrame(function () {\n return redraw(fitties.filter(function (f) {\n return f.dirty && f.active;\n }));\n });\n } : function () {};\n\n // sets all fitties to dirty so they are redrawn on the next redraw loop, then calls redraw\n var redrawAll = function redrawAll(type) {\n return function () {\n fitties.forEach(function (f) {\n return f.dirty = type;\n });\n requestRedraw();\n };\n };\n\n // redraws fitties so they nicely fit their parent container\n var redraw = function redraw(fitties) {\n\n // getting info from the DOM at this point should not trigger a reflow, let's gather as much intel as possible before triggering a reflow\n\n // check if styles of all fitties have been computed\n fitties.filter(function (f) {\n return !f.styleComputed;\n }).forEach(function (f) {\n f.styleComputed = computeStyle(f);\n });\n\n // restyle elements that require pre-styling, this triggers a reflow, please try to prevent by adding CSS rules (see docs)\n fitties.filter(shouldPreStyle).forEach(applyStyle);\n\n // we now determine which fitties should be redrawn\n var fittiesToRedraw = fitties.filter(shouldRedraw);\n\n // we calculate final styles for these fitties\n fittiesToRedraw.forEach(calculateStyles);\n\n // now we apply the calculated styles from our previous loop\n fittiesToRedraw.forEach(function (f) {\n applyStyle(f);\n markAsClean(f);\n });\n\n // now we dispatch events for all restyled fitties\n fittiesToRedraw.forEach(dispatchFitEvent);\n };\n\n var markAsClean = function markAsClean(f) {\n return f.dirty = DrawState.IDLE;\n };\n\n var calculateStyles = function calculateStyles(f) {\n\n // get available width from parent node\n f.availableWidth = f.element.parentNode.clientWidth;\n\n // the space our target element uses\n f.currentWidth = f.element.scrollWidth;\n\n // remember current font size\n f.previousFontSize = f.currentFontSize;\n\n // let's calculate the new font size\n f.currentFontSize = Math.min(Math.max(f.minSize, f.availableWidth / f.currentWidth * f.previousFontSize), f.maxSize);\n\n // if allows wrapping, only wrap when at minimum font size (otherwise would break container)\n f.whiteSpace = f.multiLine && f.currentFontSize === f.minSize ? 'normal' : 'nowrap';\n };\n\n // should always redraw if is not dirty layout, if is dirty layout, only redraw if size has changed\n var shouldRedraw = function shouldRedraw(f) {\n return f.dirty !== DrawState.DIRTY_LAYOUT || f.dirty === DrawState.DIRTY_LAYOUT && f.element.parentNode.clientWidth !== f.availableWidth;\n };\n\n // every fitty element is tested for invalid styles\n var computeStyle = function computeStyle(f) {\n\n // get style properties\n var style = w.getComputedStyle(f.element, null);\n\n // get current font size in pixels (if we already calculated it, use the calculated version)\n f.currentFontSize = parseFloat(style.getPropertyValue('font-size'));\n\n // get display type and wrap mode\n f.display = style.getPropertyValue('display');\n f.whiteSpace = style.getPropertyValue('white-space');\n };\n\n // determines if this fitty requires initial styling, can be prevented by applying correct styles through CSS\n var shouldPreStyle = function shouldPreStyle(f) {\n\n var preStyle = false;\n\n // if we already tested for prestyling we don't have to do it again\n if (f.preStyleTestCompleted) return false;\n\n // should have an inline style, if not, apply\n if (!/inline-/.test(f.display)) {\n preStyle = true;\n f.display = 'inline-block';\n }\n\n // to correctly calculate dimensions the element should have whiteSpace set to nowrap\n if (f.whiteSpace !== 'nowrap') {\n preStyle = true;\n f.whiteSpace = 'nowrap';\n }\n\n // we don't have to do this twice\n f.preStyleTestCompleted = true;\n\n return preStyle;\n };\n\n // apply styles to single fitty\n var applyStyle = function applyStyle(f) {\n f.element.style.whiteSpace = f.whiteSpace;\n f.element.style.display = f.display;\n f.element.style.fontSize = f.currentFontSize + 'px';\n };\n\n // dispatch a fit event on a fitty\n var dispatchFitEvent = function dispatchFitEvent(f) {\n f.element.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('fit', {\n detail: {\n oldValue: f.previousFontSize,\n newValue: f.currentFontSize,\n scaleFactor: f.currentFontSize / f.previousFontSize\n }\n }));\n };\n\n // fit method, marks the fitty as dirty and requests a redraw (this will also redraw any other fitty marked as dirty)\n var fit = function fit(f, type) {\n return function () {\n f.dirty = type;\n if (!f.active) return;\n requestRedraw();\n };\n };\n\n var init = function init(f) {\n\n // save some of the original CSS properties before we change them\n f.originalStyle = {\n whiteSpace: f.element.style.whiteSpace,\n display: f.element.style.display,\n fontSize: f.element.style.fontSize\n };\n\n // should we observe DOM mutations\n observeMutations(f);\n\n // this is a new fitty so we need to validate if it's styles are in order\n f.newbie = true;\n\n // because it's a new fitty it should also be dirty, we want it to redraw on the first loop\n f.dirty = true;\n\n // we want to be able to update this fitty\n fitties.push(f);\n };\n\n var destroy = function destroy(f) {\n return function () {\n\n // remove from fitties array\n fitties = fitties.filter(function (_) {\n return _.element !== f.element;\n });\n\n // stop observing DOM\n if (f.observeMutations) f.observer.disconnect();\n\n // reset the CSS properties we changes\n f.element.style.whiteSpace = f.originalStyle.whiteSpace;\n f.element.style.display = f.originalStyle.display;\n f.element.style.fontSize = f.originalStyle.fontSize;\n };\n };\n\n // add a new fitty, does not redraw said fitty\n var subscribe = function subscribe(f) {\n return function () {\n if (f.active) return;\n f.active = true;\n requestRedraw();\n };\n };\n\n // remove an existing fitty\n var unsubscribe = function unsubscribe(f) {\n return function () {\n return f.active = false;\n };\n };\n\n var observeMutations = function observeMutations(f) {\n\n // no observing?\n if (!f.observeMutations) return;\n\n // start observing mutations\n f.observer = new MutationObserver(fit(f, DrawState.DIRTY_CONTENT));\n\n // start observing\n f.observer.observe(f.element, f.observeMutations);\n };\n\n // default mutation observer settings\n var mutationObserverDefaultSetting = {\n subtree: true,\n childList: true,\n characterData: true\n };\n\n // default fitty options\n var defaultOptions = {\n minSize: 16,\n maxSize: 512,\n multiLine: true,\n observeMutations: 'MutationObserver' in w ? mutationObserverDefaultSetting : false\n };\n\n // array of elements in, fitty instances out\n function fittyCreate(elements, options) {\n\n // set options object\n var fittyOptions = _extends({}, defaultOptions, options);\n\n // create fitties\n var publicFitties = elements.map(function (element) {\n\n // create fitty instance\n var f = _extends({}, fittyOptions, {\n\n // internal options for this fitty\n element: element,\n active: true\n });\n\n // initialise this fitty\n init(f);\n\n // expose API\n return {\n element: element,\n fit: fit(f, DrawState.DIRTY),\n unfreeze: subscribe(f),\n freeze: unsubscribe(f),\n unsubscribe: destroy(f)\n };\n });\n\n // call redraw on newly initiated fitties\n requestRedraw();\n\n // expose fitties\n return publicFitties;\n }\n\n // fitty creation function\n function fitty(target) {\n var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n\n\n // if target is a string\n return typeof target === 'string' ?\n\n // treat it as a querySelector\n fittyCreate(toArray(document.querySelectorAll(target)), options) :\n\n // create single fitty\n fittyCreate([target], options)[0];\n }\n\n // handles viewport changes, redraws all fitties, but only does so after a timeout\n var resizeDebounce = null;\n var onWindowResized = function onWindowResized() {\n w.clearTimeout(resizeDebounce);\n resizeDebounce = w.setTimeout(redrawAll(DrawState.DIRTY_LAYOUT), fitty.observeWindowDelay);\n };\n\n // define observe window property, so when we set it to true or false events are automatically added and removed\n var events = ['resize', 'orientationchange'];\n Object.defineProperty(fitty, 'observeWindow', {\n set: function set(enabled) {\n var method = (enabled ? 'add' : 'remove') + 'EventListener';\n events.forEach(function (e) {\n w[method](e, onWindowResized);\n });\n }\n });\n\n // fitty global properties (by setting observeWindow to true the events above get added)\n fitty.observeWindow = true;\n fitty.observeWindowDelay = 100;\n\n // public fit all method, will force redraw no matter what\n fitty.fitAll = redrawAll(DrawState.DIRTY);\n\n // export our fitty function, we don't want to keep it to our selves\n return fitty;\n}(typeof window === 'undefined' ? null : window);","import { extend, queryAll, closest, getMimeTypeFromFile, encodeRFC3986URI } from '../utils/util.js'\nimport { isMobile } from '../utils/device.js'\n\nimport fitty from 'fitty';\n\n/**\n * Handles loading, unloading and playback of slide\n * content such as images, videos and iframes.\n */\nexport default class SlideContent {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\tthis.startEmbeddedIframe = this.startEmbeddedIframe.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Should the given element be preloaded?\n\t * Decides based on local element attributes and global config.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} element\n\t */\n\tshouldPreload( element ) {\n\n\t\t// Prefer an explicit global preload setting\n\t\tlet preload = this.Reveal.getConfig().preloadIframes;\n\n\t\t// If no global setting is available, fall back on the element's\n\t\t// own preload setting\n\t\tif( typeof preload !== 'boolean' ) {\n\t\t\tpreload = element.hasAttribute( 'data-preload' );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn preload;\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the given slide is within the configured view\n\t * distance. Shows the slide element and loads any content\n\t * that is set to load lazily (data-src).\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} slide Slide to show\n\t */\n\tload( slide, options = {} ) {\n\n\t\t// Show the slide element\n\t\tslide.style.display = this.Reveal.getConfig().display;\n\n\t\t// Media elements with data-src attributes\n\t\tqueryAll( slide, 'img[data-src], video[data-src], audio[data-src], iframe[data-src]' ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\tif( element.tagName !== 'IFRAME' || this.shouldPreload( element ) ) {\n\t\t\t\telement.setAttribute( 'src', element.getAttribute( 'data-src' ) );\n\t\t\t\telement.setAttribute( 'data-lazy-loaded', '' );\n\t\t\t\telement.removeAttribute( 'data-src' );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Media elements with children\n\t\tqueryAll( slide, 'video, audio' ).forEach( media => {\n\t\t\tlet sources = 0;\n\n\t\t\tqueryAll( media, 'source[data-src]' ).forEach( source => {\n\t\t\t\tsource.setAttribute( 'src', source.getAttribute( 'data-src' ) );\n\t\t\t\tsource.removeAttribute( 'data-src' );\n\t\t\t\tsource.setAttribute( 'data-lazy-loaded', '' );\n\t\t\t\tsources += 1;\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// Enable inline video playback in mobile Safari\n\t\t\tif( isMobile && media.tagName === 'VIDEO' ) {\n\t\t\t\tmedia.setAttribute( 'playsinline', '' );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// If we rewrote sources for this video/audio element, we need\n\t\t\t// to manually tell it to load from its new origin\n\t\t\tif( sources > 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tmedia.load();\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\n\t\t// Show the corresponding background element\n\t\tlet background = slide.slideBackgroundElement;\n\t\tif( background ) {\n\t\t\tbackground.style.display = 'block';\n\n\t\t\tlet backgroundContent = slide.slideBackgroundContentElement;\n\t\t\tlet backgroundIframe = slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-iframe' );\n\n\t\t\t// If the background contains media, load it\n\t\t\tif( background.hasAttribute( 'data-loaded' ) === false ) {\n\t\t\t\tbackground.setAttribute( 'data-loaded', 'true' );\n\n\t\t\t\tlet backgroundImage = slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-image' ),\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundVideo = slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-video' ),\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundVideoLoop = slide.hasAttribute( 'data-background-video-loop' ),\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundVideoMuted = slide.hasAttribute( 'data-background-video-muted' );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Images\n\t\t\t\tif( backgroundImage ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t// base64\n\t\t\t\t\tif( /^data:/.test( backgroundImage.trim() ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundContent.style.backgroundImage = `url(${backgroundImage.trim()})`;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t// URL(s)\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundContent.style.backgroundImage = backgroundImage.split( ',' ).map( background => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t// Decode URL(s) that are already encoded first\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlet decoded = decodeURI(background.trim());\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn `url(${encodeRFC3986URI(decoded)})`;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}).join( ',' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t// Videos\n\t\t\t\telse if ( backgroundVideo && !this.Reveal.isSpeakerNotes() ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tlet video = document.createElement( 'video' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( backgroundVideoLoop ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvideo.setAttribute( 'loop', '' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( backgroundVideoMuted ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvideo.muted = true;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Enable inline playback in mobile Safari\n\t\t\t\t\t//\n\t\t\t\t\t// Mute is required for video to play when using\n\t\t\t\t\t// swipe gestures to navigate since they don't\n\t\t\t\t\t// count as direct user actions :'(\n\t\t\t\t\tif( isMobile ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvideo.muted = true;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvideo.setAttribute( 'playsinline', '' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Support comma separated lists of video sources\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundVideo.split( ',' ).forEach( source => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlet type = getMimeTypeFromFile( source );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( type ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvideo.innerHTML += ``;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvideo.innerHTML += ``;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundContent.appendChild( video );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t// Iframes\n\t\t\t\telse if( backgroundIframe && options.excludeIframes !== true ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tlet iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' );\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.setAttribute( 'allowfullscreen', '' );\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.setAttribute( 'mozallowfullscreen', '' );\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.setAttribute( 'webkitallowfullscreen', '' );\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.setAttribute( 'allow', 'autoplay' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.setAttribute( 'data-src', backgroundIframe );\n\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.style.width = '100%';\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.style.height = '100%';\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.style.maxHeight = '100%';\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.style.maxWidth = '100%';\n\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundContent.appendChild( iframe );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Start loading preloadable iframes\n\t\t\tlet backgroundIframeElement = backgroundContent.querySelector( 'iframe[data-src]' );\n\t\t\tif( backgroundIframeElement ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Check if this iframe is eligible to be preloaded\n\t\t\t\tif( this.shouldPreload( background ) && !/autoplay=(1|true|yes)/gi.test( backgroundIframe ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( backgroundIframeElement.getAttribute( 'src' ) !== backgroundIframe ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundIframeElement.setAttribute( 'src', backgroundIframe );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tthis.layout( slide );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Applies JS-dependent layout helpers for the scope.\n\t */\n\tlayout( scopeElement ) {\n\n\t\t// Autosize text with the r-fit-text class based on the\n\t\t// size of its container. This needs to happen after the\n\t\t// slide is visible in order to measure the text.\n\t\tArray.from( scopeElement.querySelectorAll( '.r-fit-text' ) ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\tfitty( element, {\n\t\t\t\tminSize: 24,\n\t\t\t\tmaxSize: this.Reveal.getConfig().height * 0.8,\n\t\t\t\tobserveMutations: false,\n\t\t\t\tobserveWindow: false\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Unloads and hides the given slide. This is called when the\n\t * slide is moved outside of the configured view distance.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} slide\n\t */\n\tunload( slide ) {\n\n\t\t// Hide the slide element\n\t\tslide.style.display = 'none';\n\n\t\t// Hide the corresponding background element\n\t\tlet background = this.Reveal.getSlideBackground( slide );\n\t\tif( background ) {\n\t\t\tbackground.style.display = 'none';\n\n\t\t\t// Unload any background iframes\n\t\t\tqueryAll( background, 'iframe[src]' ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\t\telement.removeAttribute( 'src' );\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Reset lazy-loaded media elements with src attributes\n\t\tqueryAll( slide, 'video[data-lazy-loaded][src], audio[data-lazy-loaded][src], iframe[data-lazy-loaded][src]' ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\telement.setAttribute( 'data-src', element.getAttribute( 'src' ) );\n\t\t\telement.removeAttribute( 'src' );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Reset lazy-loaded media elements with children\n\t\tqueryAll( slide, 'video[data-lazy-loaded] source[src], audio source[src]' ).forEach( source => {\n\t\t\tsource.setAttribute( 'data-src', source.getAttribute( 'src' ) );\n\t\t\tsource.removeAttribute( 'src' );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Enforces origin-specific format rules for embedded media.\n\t */\n\tformatEmbeddedContent() {\n\n\t\tlet _appendParamToIframeSource = ( sourceAttribute, sourceURL, param ) => {\n\t\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getSlidesElement(), 'iframe['+ sourceAttribute +'*=\"'+ sourceURL +'\"]' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tlet src = el.getAttribute( sourceAttribute );\n\t\t\t\tif( src && src.indexOf( param ) === -1 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tel.setAttribute( sourceAttribute, src + ( !/\\?/.test( src ) ? '?' : '&' ) + param );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t});\n\t\t};\n\n\t\t// YouTube frames must include \"?enablejsapi=1\"\n\t\t_appendParamToIframeSource( 'src', 'youtube.com/embed/', 'enablejsapi=1' );\n\t\t_appendParamToIframeSource( 'data-src', 'youtube.com/embed/', 'enablejsapi=1' );\n\n\t\t// Vimeo frames must include \"?api=1\"\n\t\t_appendParamToIframeSource( 'src', 'player.vimeo.com/', 'api=1' );\n\t\t_appendParamToIframeSource( 'data-src', 'player.vimeo.com/', 'api=1' );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Start playback of any embedded content inside of\n\t * the given element.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} element\n\t */\n\tstartEmbeddedContent( element ) {\n\n\t\tif( element && !this.Reveal.isSpeakerNotes() ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Restart GIFs\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'img[src$=\".gif\"]' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\t// Setting the same unchanged source like this was confirmed\n\t\t\t\t// to work in Chrome, FF & Safari\n\t\t\t\tel.setAttribute( 'src', el.getAttribute( 'src' ) );\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// HTML5 media elements\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'video, audio' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tif( closest( el, '.fragment' ) && !closest( el, '.fragment.visible' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Prefer an explicit global autoplay setting\n\t\t\t\tlet autoplay = this.Reveal.getConfig().autoPlayMedia;\n\n\t\t\t\t// If no global setting is available, fall back on the element's\n\t\t\t\t// own autoplay setting\n\t\t\t\tif( typeof autoplay !== 'boolean' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tautoplay = el.hasAttribute( 'data-autoplay' ) || !!closest( el, '.slide-background' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif( autoplay && typeof el.play === 'function' ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// If the media is ready, start playback\n\t\t\t\t\tif( el.readyState > 1 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.startEmbeddedMedia( { target: el } );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t// Mobile devices never fire a loaded event so instead\n\t\t\t\t\t// of waiting, we initiate playback\n\t\t\t\t\telse if( isMobile ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlet promise = el.play();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// If autoplay does not work, ensure that the controls are visible so\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// that the viewer can start the media on their own\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( promise && typeof promise.catch === 'function' && el.controls === false ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpromise.catch( () => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tel.controls = true;\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t// Once the video does start playing, hide the controls again\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tel.addEventListener( 'play', () => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tel.controls = false;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t// If the media isn't loaded, wait before playing\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tel.removeEventListener( 'loadeddata', this.startEmbeddedMedia ); // remove first to avoid dupes\n\t\t\t\t\t\tel.addEventListener( 'loadeddata', this.startEmbeddedMedia );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// Normal iframes\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'iframe[src]' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tif( closest( el, '.fragment' ) && !closest( el, '.fragment.visible' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.startEmbeddedIframe( { target: el } );\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// Lazy loading iframes\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'iframe[data-src]' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tif( closest( el, '.fragment' ) && !closest( el, '.fragment.visible' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif( el.getAttribute( 'src' ) !== el.getAttribute( 'data-src' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tel.removeEventListener( 'load', this.startEmbeddedIframe ); // remove first to avoid dupes\n\t\t\t\t\tel.addEventListener( 'load', this.startEmbeddedIframe );\n\t\t\t\t\tel.setAttribute( 'src', el.getAttribute( 'data-src' ) );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Starts playing an embedded video/audio element after\n\t * it has finished loading.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tstartEmbeddedMedia( event ) {\n\n\t\tlet isAttachedToDOM = !!closest( event.target, 'html' ),\n\t\t\tisVisible \t\t= !!closest( event.target, '.present' );\n\n\t\tif( isAttachedToDOM && isVisible ) {\n\t\t\tevent.target.currentTime = 0;\n\t\t\tevent.target.play();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tevent.target.removeEventListener( 'loadeddata', this.startEmbeddedMedia );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * \"Starts\" the content of an embedded iframe using the\n\t * postMessage API.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tstartEmbeddedIframe( event ) {\n\n\t\tlet iframe = event.target;\n\n\t\tif( iframe && iframe.contentWindow ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet isAttachedToDOM = !!closest( event.target, 'html' ),\n\t\t\t\tisVisible \t\t= !!closest( event.target, '.present' );\n\n\t\t\tif( isAttachedToDOM && isVisible ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Prefer an explicit global autoplay setting\n\t\t\t\tlet autoplay = this.Reveal.getConfig().autoPlayMedia;\n\n\t\t\t\t// If no global setting is available, fall back on the element's\n\t\t\t\t// own autoplay setting\n\t\t\t\tif( typeof autoplay !== 'boolean' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tautoplay = iframe.hasAttribute( 'data-autoplay' ) || !!closest( iframe, '.slide-background' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// YouTube postMessage API\n\t\t\t\tif( /youtube\\.com\\/embed\\//.test( iframe.getAttribute( 'src' ) ) && autoplay ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.contentWindow.postMessage( '{\"event\":\"command\",\"func\":\"playVideo\",\"args\":\"\"}', '*' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t// Vimeo postMessage API\n\t\t\t\telse if( /player\\.vimeo\\.com\\//.test( iframe.getAttribute( 'src' ) ) && autoplay ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.contentWindow.postMessage( '{\"method\":\"play\"}', '*' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t// Generic postMessage API\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tiframe.contentWindow.postMessage( 'slide:start', '*' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Stop playback of any embedded content inside of\n\t * the targeted slide.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} element\n\t */\n\tstopEmbeddedContent( element, options = {} ) {\n\n\t\toptions = extend( {\n\t\t\t// Defaults\n\t\t\tunloadIframes: true\n\t\t}, options );\n\n\t\tif( element && element.parentNode ) {\n\t\t\t// HTML5 media elements\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'video, audio' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tif( !el.hasAttribute( 'data-ignore' ) && typeof el.pause === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tel.setAttribute('data-paused-by-reveal', '');\n\t\t\t\t\tel.pause();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// Generic postMessage API for non-lazy loaded iframes\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'iframe' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tif( el.contentWindow ) el.contentWindow.postMessage( 'slide:stop', '*' );\n\t\t\t\tel.removeEventListener( 'load', this.startEmbeddedIframe );\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t\t// YouTube postMessage API\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'iframe[src*=\"youtube.com/embed/\"]' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tif( !el.hasAttribute( 'data-ignore' ) && el.contentWindow && typeof el.contentWindow.postMessage === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tel.contentWindow.postMessage( '{\"event\":\"command\",\"func\":\"pauseVideo\",\"args\":\"\"}', '*' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t\t// Vimeo postMessage API\n\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'iframe[src*=\"player.vimeo.com/\"]' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\tif( !el.hasAttribute( 'data-ignore' ) && el.contentWindow && typeof el.contentWindow.postMessage === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tel.contentWindow.postMessage( '{\"method\":\"pause\"}', '*' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t\tif( options.unloadIframes === true ) {\n\t\t\t\t// Unload lazy-loaded iframes\n\t\t\t\tqueryAll( element, 'iframe[data-src]' ).forEach( el => {\n\t\t\t\t\t// Only removing the src doesn't actually unload the frame\n\t\t\t\t\t// in all browsers (Firefox) so we set it to blank first\n\t\t\t\t\tel.setAttribute( 'src', 'about:blank' );\n\t\t\t\t\tel.removeAttribute( 'src' );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n}\n","/**\n * Handles the display of reveal.js' optional slide number.\n */\nexport default class SlideNumber {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t}\n\n\trender() {\n\n\t\tthis.element = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\tthis.element.className = 'slide-number';\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().appendChild( this.element );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tlet slideNumberDisplay = 'none';\n\t\tif( config.slideNumber && !this.Reveal.isPrintingPDF() ) {\n\t\t\tif( config.showSlideNumber === 'all' ) {\n\t\t\t\tslideNumberDisplay = 'block';\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse if( config.showSlideNumber === 'speaker' && this.Reveal.isSpeakerNotes() ) {\n\t\t\t\tslideNumberDisplay = 'block';\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tthis.element.style.display = slideNumberDisplay;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Updates the slide number to match the current slide.\n\t */\n\tupdate() {\n\n\t\t// Update slide number if enabled\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().slideNumber && this.element ) {\n\t\t\tthis.element.innerHTML = this.getSlideNumber();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Returns the HTML string corresponding to the current slide\n\t * number, including formatting.\n\t */\n\tgetSlideNumber( slide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide() ) {\n\n\t\tlet config = this.Reveal.getConfig();\n\t\tlet value;\n\t\tlet format = 'h.v';\n\n\t\tif ( typeof config.slideNumber === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\tvalue = config.slideNumber( slide );\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t// Check if a custom number format is available\n\t\t\tif( typeof config.slideNumber === 'string' ) {\n\t\t\t\tformat = config.slideNumber;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// If there are ONLY vertical slides in this deck, always use\n\t\t\t// a flattened slide number\n\t\t\tif( !/c/.test( format ) && this.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().length === 1 ) {\n\t\t\t\tformat = 'c';\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Offset the current slide number by 1 to make it 1-indexed\n\t\t\tlet horizontalOffset = slide && slide.dataset.visibility === 'uncounted' ? 0 : 1;\n\n\t\t\tvalue = [];\n\t\t\tswitch( format ) {\n\t\t\t\tcase 'c':\n\t\t\t\t\tvalue.push( this.Reveal.getSlidePastCount( slide ) + horizontalOffset );\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\tcase 'c/t':\n\t\t\t\t\tvalue.push( this.Reveal.getSlidePastCount( slide ) + horizontalOffset, '/', this.Reveal.getTotalSlides() );\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t\t\tlet indices = this.Reveal.getIndices( slide );\n\t\t\t\t\tvalue.push( indices.h + horizontalOffset );\n\t\t\t\t\tlet sep = format === 'h/v' ? '/' : '.';\n\t\t\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.isVerticalSlide( slide ) ) value.push( sep, indices.v + 1 );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tlet url = '#' + this.Reveal.location.getHash( slide );\n\t\treturn this.formatNumber( value[0], value[1], value[2], url );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Applies HTML formatting to a slide number before it's\n\t * written to the DOM.\n\t *\n\t * @param {number} a Current slide\n\t * @param {string} delimiter Character to separate slide numbers\n\t * @param {(number|*)} b Total slides\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} [url='#'+locationHash()] The url to link to\n\t * @return {string} HTML string fragment\n\t */\n\tformatNumber( a, delimiter, b, url = '#' + this.Reveal.location.getHash() ) {\n\n\t\tif( typeof b === 'number' && !isNaN( b ) ) {\n\t\t\treturn `\n\t\t\t\t\t${a}\n\t\t\t\t\t${delimiter}\n\t\t\t\t\t${b}\n\t\t\t\t\t`;\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\treturn `\n\t\t\t\t\t${a}\n\t\t\t\t\t`;\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tthis.element.remove();\n\n\t}\n\n}","/**\n * Makes it possible to jump to a slide by entering its\n * slide number or id.\n */\nexport default class JumpToSlide {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\tthis.onInput = this.onInput.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onBlur = this.onBlur.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onKeyDown = this.onKeyDown.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\trender() {\n\n\t\tthis.element = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\tthis.element.className = 'jump-to-slide';\n\n this.jumpInput = document.createElement( 'input' );\n this.jumpInput.type = 'text';\n this.jumpInput.className = 'jump-to-slide-input';\n this.jumpInput.placeholder = 'Jump to slide';\n\t\tthis.jumpInput.addEventListener( 'input', this.onInput );\n\t\tthis.jumpInput.addEventListener( 'keydown', this.onKeyDown );\n\t\tthis.jumpInput.addEventListener( 'blur', this.onBlur );\n\n this.element.appendChild( this.jumpInput );\n\n\t}\n\n\tshow() {\n\n\t\tthis.indicesOnShow = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().appendChild( this.element );\n\t\tthis.jumpInput.focus();\n\n\t}\n\n\thide() {\n\n\t\tif( this.isVisible() ) {\n\t\t\tthis.element.remove();\n\t\t\tthis.jumpInput.value = '';\n\n\t\t\tclearTimeout( this.jumpTimeout );\n\t\t\tdelete this.jumpTimeout;\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tisVisible() {\n\n\t\treturn !!this.element.parentNode;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Parses the current input and jumps to the given slide.\n\t */\n\tjump() {\n\n\t\tclearTimeout( this.jumpTimeout );\n\t\tdelete this.jumpTimeout;\n\n\t\tconst query = this.jumpInput.value.trim( '' );\n\t\tlet indices = this.Reveal.location.getIndicesFromHash( query, { oneBasedIndex: true } );\n\n\t\t// If no valid index was found and the input query is a\n\t\t// string, fall back on a simple search\n\t\tif( !indices && /\\S+/i.test( query ) && query.length > 1 ) {\n\t\t\tindices = this.search( query );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif( indices && query !== '' ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( indices.h, indices.v, indices.f );\n\t\t\treturn true;\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( this.indicesOnShow.h, this.indicesOnShow.v, this.indicesOnShow.f );\n\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tjumpAfter( delay ) {\n\n\t\tclearTimeout( this.jumpTimeout );\n\t\tthis.jumpTimeout = setTimeout( () => this.jump(), delay );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * A lofi search that looks for the given query in all\n\t * of our slides and returns the first match.\n\t */\n\tsearch( query ) {\n\n\t\tconst regex = new RegExp( '\\\\b' + query.trim() + '\\\\b', 'i' );\n\n\t\tconst slide = this.Reveal.getSlides().find( ( slide ) => {\n\t\t\treturn regex.test( slide.innerText );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\tif( slide ) {\n\t\t\treturn this.Reveal.getIndices( slide );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\treturn null;\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Reverts back to the slide we were on when jump to slide was\n\t * invoked.\n\t */\n\tcancel() {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( this.indicesOnShow.h, this.indicesOnShow.v, this.indicesOnShow.f );\n\t\tthis.hide();\n\n\t}\n\n\tconfirm() {\n\n\t\tthis.jump();\n\t\tthis.hide();\n\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tthis.jumpInput.removeEventListener( 'input', this.onInput );\n\t\tthis.jumpInput.removeEventListener( 'keydown', this.onKeyDown );\n\t\tthis.jumpInput.removeEventListener( 'blur', this.onBlur );\n\n\t\tthis.element.remove();\n\n\t}\n\n\tonKeyDown( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( event.keyCode === 13 ) {\n\t\t\tthis.confirm();\n\t\t}\n\t\telse if( event.keyCode === 27 ) {\n\t\t\tthis.cancel();\n\n\t\t\tevent.stopImmediatePropagation();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tonInput( event ) {\n\n\t\tthis.jumpAfter( 200 );\n\n\t}\n\n\tonBlur() {\n\n\t\tsetTimeout( () => this.hide(), 1 );\n\n\t}\n\n}","/**\n * Converts various color input formats to an {r:0,g:0,b:0} object.\n *\n * @param {string} color The string representation of a color\n * @example\n * colorToRgb('#000');\n * @example\n * colorToRgb('#000000');\n * @example\n * colorToRgb('rgb(0,0,0)');\n * @example\n * colorToRgb('rgba(0,0,0)');\n *\n * @return {{r: number, g: number, b: number, [a]: number}|null}\n */\nexport const colorToRgb = ( color ) => {\n\n\tlet hex3 = color.match( /^#([0-9a-f]{3})$/i );\n\tif( hex3 && hex3[1] ) {\n\t\thex3 = hex3[1];\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\tr: parseInt( hex3.charAt( 0 ), 16 ) * 0x11,\n\t\t\tg: parseInt( hex3.charAt( 1 ), 16 ) * 0x11,\n\t\t\tb: parseInt( hex3.charAt( 2 ), 16 ) * 0x11\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\tlet hex6 = color.match( /^#([0-9a-f]{6})$/i );\n\tif( hex6 && hex6[1] ) {\n\t\thex6 = hex6[1];\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\tr: parseInt( hex6.slice( 0, 2 ), 16 ),\n\t\t\tg: parseInt( hex6.slice( 2, 4 ), 16 ),\n\t\t\tb: parseInt( hex6.slice( 4, 6 ), 16 )\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\tlet rgb = color.match( /^rgb\\s*\\(\\s*(\\d+)\\s*,\\s*(\\d+)\\s*,\\s*(\\d+)\\s*\\)$/i );\n\tif( rgb ) {\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\tr: parseInt( rgb[1], 10 ),\n\t\t\tg: parseInt( rgb[2], 10 ),\n\t\t\tb: parseInt( rgb[3], 10 )\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\tlet rgba = color.match( /^rgba\\s*\\(\\s*(\\d+)\\s*,\\s*(\\d+)\\s*,\\s*(\\d+)\\s*\\,\\s*([\\d]+|[\\d]*.[\\d]+)\\s*\\)$/i );\n\tif( rgba ) {\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\tr: parseInt( rgba[1], 10 ),\n\t\t\tg: parseInt( rgba[2], 10 ),\n\t\t\tb: parseInt( rgba[3], 10 ),\n\t\t\ta: parseFloat( rgba[4] )\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\n\treturn null;\n\n}\n\n/**\n * Calculates brightness on a scale of 0-255.\n *\n * @param {string} color See colorToRgb for supported formats.\n * @see {@link colorToRgb}\n */\nexport const colorBrightness = ( color ) => {\n\n\tif( typeof color === 'string' ) color = colorToRgb( color );\n\n\tif( color ) {\n\t\treturn ( color.r * 299 + color.g * 587 + color.b * 114 ) / 1000;\n\t}\n\n\treturn null;\n\n}","import { queryAll } from '../utils/util.js'\nimport { colorToRgb, colorBrightness } from '../utils/color.js'\n\n/**\n * Creates and updates slide backgrounds.\n */\nexport default class Backgrounds {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t}\n\n\trender() {\n\n\t\tthis.element = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\tthis.element.className = 'backgrounds';\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().appendChild( this.element );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Creates the slide background elements and appends them\n\t * to the background container. One element is created per\n\t * slide no matter if the given slide has visible background.\n\t */\n\tcreate() {\n\n\t\t// Clear prior backgrounds\n\t\tthis.element.innerHTML = '';\n\t\tthis.element.classList.add( 'no-transition' );\n\n\t\t// Iterate over all horizontal slides\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().forEach( slideh => {\n\n\t\t\tlet backgroundStack = this.createBackground( slideh, this.element );\n\n\t\t\t// Iterate over all vertical slides\n\t\t\tqueryAll( slideh, 'section' ).forEach( slidev => {\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.createBackground( slidev, backgroundStack );\n\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundStack.classList.add( 'stack' );\n\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Add parallax background if specified\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundImage ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.element.style.backgroundImage = 'url(\"' + this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundImage + '\")';\n\t\t\tthis.element.style.backgroundSize = this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundSize;\n\t\t\tthis.element.style.backgroundRepeat = this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundRepeat;\n\t\t\tthis.element.style.backgroundPosition = this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundPosition;\n\n\t\t\t// Make sure the below properties are set on the element - these properties are\n\t\t\t// needed for proper transitions to be set on the element via CSS. To remove\n\t\t\t// annoying background slide-in effect when the presentation starts, apply\n\t\t\t// these properties after short time delay\n\t\t\tsetTimeout( () => {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.add( 'has-parallax-background' );\n\t\t\t}, 1 );\n\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\n\t\t\tthis.element.style.backgroundImage = '';\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove( 'has-parallax-background' );\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Creates a background for the given slide.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} slide\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} container The element that the background\n\t * should be appended to\n\t * @return {HTMLElement} New background div\n\t */\n\tcreateBackground( slide, container ) {\n\n\t\t// Main slide background element\n\t\tlet element = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\telement.className = 'slide-background ' + slide.className.replace( /present|past|future/, '' );\n\n\t\t// Inner background element that wraps images/videos/iframes\n\t\tlet contentElement = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\tcontentElement.className = 'slide-background-content';\n\n\t\telement.appendChild( contentElement );\n\t\tcontainer.appendChild( element );\n\n\t\tslide.slideBackgroundElement = element;\n\t\tslide.slideBackgroundContentElement = contentElement;\n\n\t\t// Syncs the background to reflect all current background settings\n\t\tthis.sync( slide );\n\n\t\treturn element;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Renders all of the visual properties of a slide background\n\t * based on the various background attributes.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} slide\n\t */\n\tsync( slide ) {\n\n\t\tconst element = slide.slideBackgroundElement,\n\t\t\tcontentElement = slide.slideBackgroundContentElement;\n\n\t\tconst data = {\n\t\t\tbackground: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundSize: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-size' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundImage: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-image' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundVideo: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-video' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundIframe: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-iframe' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundColor: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-color' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundGradient: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-gradient' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundRepeat: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-repeat' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundPosition: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-position' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundTransition: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-transition' ),\n\t\t\tbackgroundOpacity: slide.getAttribute( 'data-background-opacity' ),\n\t\t};\n\n\t\tconst dataPreload = slide.hasAttribute( 'data-preload' );\n\n\t\t// Reset the prior background state in case this is not the\n\t\t// initial sync\n\t\tslide.classList.remove( 'has-dark-background' );\n\t\tslide.classList.remove( 'has-light-background' );\n\n\t\telement.removeAttribute( 'data-loaded' );\n\t\telement.removeAttribute( 'data-background-hash' );\n\t\telement.removeAttribute( 'data-background-size' );\n\t\telement.removeAttribute( 'data-background-transition' );\n\t\telement.style.backgroundColor = '';\n\n\t\tcontentElement.style.backgroundSize = '';\n\t\tcontentElement.style.backgroundRepeat = '';\n\t\tcontentElement.style.backgroundPosition = '';\n\t\tcontentElement.style.backgroundImage = '';\n\t\tcontentElement.style.opacity = '';\n\t\tcontentElement.innerHTML = '';\n\n\t\tif( data.background ) {\n\t\t\t// Auto-wrap image urls in url(...)\n\t\t\tif( /^(http|file|\\/\\/)/gi.test( data.background ) || /\\.(svg|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|webp)([?#\\s]|$)/gi.test( data.background ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tslide.setAttribute( 'data-background-image', data.background );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\telement.style.background = data.background;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Create a hash for this combination of background settings.\n\t\t// This is used to determine when two slide backgrounds are\n\t\t// the same.\n\t\tif( data.background || data.backgroundColor || data.backgroundGradient || data.backgroundImage || data.backgroundVideo || data.backgroundIframe ) {\n\t\t\telement.setAttribute( 'data-background-hash', data.background +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundSize +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundImage +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundVideo +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundIframe +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundColor +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundGradient +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundRepeat +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundPosition +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundTransition +\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata.backgroundOpacity );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Additional and optional background properties\n\t\tif( data.backgroundSize ) element.setAttribute( 'data-background-size', data.backgroundSize );\n\t\tif( data.backgroundColor ) element.style.backgroundColor = data.backgroundColor;\n\t\tif( data.backgroundGradient ) element.style.backgroundImage = data.backgroundGradient;\n\t\tif( data.backgroundTransition ) element.setAttribute( 'data-background-transition', data.backgroundTransition );\n\n\t\tif( dataPreload ) element.setAttribute( 'data-preload', '' );\n\n\t\t// Background image options are set on the content wrapper\n\t\tif( data.backgroundSize ) contentElement.style.backgroundSize = data.backgroundSize;\n\t\tif( data.backgroundRepeat ) contentElement.style.backgroundRepeat = data.backgroundRepeat;\n\t\tif( data.backgroundPosition ) contentElement.style.backgroundPosition = data.backgroundPosition;\n\t\tif( data.backgroundOpacity ) contentElement.style.opacity = data.backgroundOpacity;\n\n\t\t// If this slide has a background color, we add a class that\n\t\t// signals if it is light or dark. If the slide has no background\n\t\t// color, no class will be added\n\t\tlet contrastColor = data.backgroundColor;\n\n\t\t// If no bg color was found, or it cannot be converted by colorToRgb, check the computed background\n\t\tif( !contrastColor || !colorToRgb( contrastColor ) ) {\n\t\t\tlet computedBackgroundStyle = window.getComputedStyle( element );\n\t\t\tif( computedBackgroundStyle && computedBackgroundStyle.backgroundColor ) {\n\t\t\t\tcontrastColor = computedBackgroundStyle.backgroundColor;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif( contrastColor ) {\n\t\t\tconst rgb = colorToRgb( contrastColor );\n\n\t\t\t// Ignore fully transparent backgrounds. Some browsers return\n\t\t\t// rgba(0,0,0,0) when reading the computed background color of\n\t\t\t// an element with no background\n\t\t\tif( rgb && rgb.a !== 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( colorBrightness( contrastColor ) < 128 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tslide.classList.add( 'has-dark-background' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tslide.classList.add( 'has-light-background' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Updates the background elements to reflect the current\n\t * slide.\n\t *\n\t * @param {boolean} includeAll If true, the backgrounds of\n\t * all vertical slides (not just the present) will be updated.\n\t */\n\tupdate( includeAll = false ) {\n\n\t\tlet currentSlide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();\n\t\tlet indices = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\n\t\tlet currentBackground = null;\n\n\t\t// Reverse past/future classes when in RTL mode\n\t\tlet horizontalPast = this.Reveal.getConfig().rtl ? 'future' : 'past',\n\t\t\thorizontalFuture = this.Reveal.getConfig().rtl ? 'past' : 'future';\n\n\t\t// Update the classes of all backgrounds to match the\n\t\t// states of their slides (past/present/future)\n\t\tArray.from( this.element.childNodes ).forEach( ( backgroundh, h ) => {\n\n\t\t\tbackgroundh.classList.remove( 'past', 'present', 'future' );\n\n\t\t\tif( h < indices.h ) {\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundh.classList.add( horizontalPast );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse if ( h > indices.h ) {\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundh.classList.add( horizontalFuture );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundh.classList.add( 'present' );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Store a reference to the current background element\n\t\t\t\tcurrentBackground = backgroundh;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif( includeAll || h === indices.h ) {\n\t\t\t\tqueryAll( backgroundh, '.slide-background' ).forEach( ( backgroundv, v ) => {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundv.classList.remove( 'past', 'present', 'future' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( v < indices.v ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundv.classList.add( 'past' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse if ( v > indices.v ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundv.classList.add( 'future' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundv.classList.add( 'present' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Only if this is the present horizontal and vertical slide\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( h === indices.h ) currentBackground = backgroundv;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Stop content inside of previous backgrounds\n\t\tif( this.previousBackground ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slideContent.stopEmbeddedContent( this.previousBackground, { unloadIframes: !this.Reveal.slideContent.shouldPreload( this.previousBackground ) } );\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Start content in the current background\n\t\tif( currentBackground ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slideContent.startEmbeddedContent( currentBackground );\n\n\t\t\tlet currentBackgroundContent = currentBackground.querySelector( '.slide-background-content' );\n\t\t\tif( currentBackgroundContent ) {\n\n\t\t\t\tlet backgroundImageURL = currentBackgroundContent.style.backgroundImage || '';\n\n\t\t\t\t// Restart GIFs (doesn't work in Firefox)\n\t\t\t\tif( /\\.gif/i.test( backgroundImageURL ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tcurrentBackgroundContent.style.backgroundImage = '';\n\t\t\t\t\twindow.getComputedStyle( currentBackgroundContent ).opacity;\n\t\t\t\t\tcurrentBackgroundContent.style.backgroundImage = backgroundImageURL;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Don't transition between identical backgrounds. This\n\t\t\t// prevents unwanted flicker.\n\t\t\tlet previousBackgroundHash = this.previousBackground ? this.previousBackground.getAttribute( 'data-background-hash' ) : null;\n\t\t\tlet currentBackgroundHash = currentBackground.getAttribute( 'data-background-hash' );\n\t\t\tif( currentBackgroundHash && currentBackgroundHash === previousBackgroundHash && currentBackground !== this.previousBackground ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.element.classList.add( 'no-transition' );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tthis.previousBackground = currentBackground;\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// If there's a background brightness flag for this slide,\n\t\t// bubble it to the .reveal container\n\t\tif( currentSlide ) {\n\t\t\t[ 'has-light-background', 'has-dark-background' ].forEach( classToBubble => {\n\t\t\t\tif( currentSlide.classList.contains( classToBubble ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.add( classToBubble );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove( classToBubble );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}, this );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Allow the first background to apply without transition\n\t\tsetTimeout( () => {\n\t\t\tthis.element.classList.remove( 'no-transition' );\n\t\t}, 1 );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Updates the position of the parallax background based\n\t * on the current slide index.\n\t */\n\tupdateParallax() {\n\n\t\tlet indices = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundImage ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet horizontalSlides = this.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides(),\n\t\t\t\tverticalSlides = this.Reveal.getVerticalSlides();\n\n\t\t\tlet backgroundSize = this.element.style.backgroundSize.split( ' ' ),\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundWidth, backgroundHeight;\n\n\t\t\tif( backgroundSize.length === 1 ) {\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundWidth = backgroundHeight = parseInt( backgroundSize[0], 10 );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundWidth = parseInt( backgroundSize[0], 10 );\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundHeight = parseInt( backgroundSize[1], 10 );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tlet slideWidth = this.element.offsetWidth,\n\t\t\t\thorizontalSlideCount = horizontalSlides.length,\n\t\t\t\thorizontalOffsetMultiplier,\n\t\t\t\thorizontalOffset;\n\n\t\t\tif( typeof this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundHorizontal === 'number' ) {\n\t\t\t\thorizontalOffsetMultiplier = this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundHorizontal;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\thorizontalOffsetMultiplier = horizontalSlideCount > 1 ? ( backgroundWidth - slideWidth ) / ( horizontalSlideCount-1 ) : 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\thorizontalOffset = horizontalOffsetMultiplier * indices.h * -1;\n\n\t\t\tlet slideHeight = this.element.offsetHeight,\n\t\t\t\tverticalSlideCount = verticalSlides.length,\n\t\t\t\tverticalOffsetMultiplier,\n\t\t\t\tverticalOffset;\n\n\t\t\tif( typeof this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundVertical === 'number' ) {\n\t\t\t\tverticalOffsetMultiplier = this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundVertical;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tverticalOffsetMultiplier = ( backgroundHeight - slideHeight ) / ( verticalSlideCount-1 );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tverticalOffset = verticalSlideCount > 0 ? verticalOffsetMultiplier * indices.v : 0;\n\n\t\t\tthis.element.style.backgroundPosition = horizontalOffset + 'px ' + -verticalOffset + 'px';\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tthis.element.remove();\n\n\t}\n\n}\n","\nexport const SLIDES_SELECTOR = '.slides section';\nexport const HORIZONTAL_SLIDES_SELECTOR = '.slides>section';\nexport const VERTICAL_SLIDES_SELECTOR = '.slides>section.present>section';\n\n// Methods that may not be invoked via the postMessage API\nexport const POST_MESSAGE_METHOD_BLACKLIST = /registerPlugin|registerKeyboardShortcut|addKeyBinding|addEventListener|showPreview/;\n\n// Regex for retrieving the fragment style from a class attribute\nexport const FRAGMENT_STYLE_REGEX = /fade-(down|up|right|left|out|in-then-out|in-then-semi-out)|semi-fade-out|current-visible|shrink|grow/;","import { queryAll, extend, createStyleSheet, matches, closest } from '../utils/util.js'\nimport { FRAGMENT_STYLE_REGEX } from '../utils/constants.js'\n\n// Counter used to generate unique IDs for auto-animated elements\nlet autoAnimateCounter = 0;\n\n/**\n * Automatically animates matching elements across\n * slides with the [data-auto-animate] attribute.\n */\nexport default class AutoAnimate {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Runs an auto-animation between the given slides.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} fromSlide\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} toSlide\n\t */\n\trun( fromSlide, toSlide ) {\n\n\t\t// Clean up after prior animations\n\t\tthis.reset();\n\n\t\tlet allSlides = this.Reveal.getSlides();\n\t\tlet toSlideIndex = allSlides.indexOf( toSlide );\n\t\tlet fromSlideIndex = allSlides.indexOf( fromSlide );\n\n\t\t// Ensure that both slides are auto-animate targets with the same data-auto-animate-id value\n\t\t// (including null if absent on both) and that data-auto-animate-restart isn't set on the\n\t\t// physically latter slide (independent of slide direction)\n\t\tif( fromSlide.hasAttribute( 'data-auto-animate' ) && toSlide.hasAttribute( 'data-auto-animate' )\n\t\t\t\t&& fromSlide.getAttribute( 'data-auto-animate-id' ) === toSlide.getAttribute( 'data-auto-animate-id' ) \n\t\t\t\t&& !( toSlideIndex > fromSlideIndex ? toSlide : fromSlide ).hasAttribute( 'data-auto-animate-restart' ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Create a new auto-animate sheet\n\t\t\tthis.autoAnimateStyleSheet = this.autoAnimateStyleSheet || createStyleSheet();\n\n\t\t\tlet animationOptions = this.getAutoAnimateOptions( toSlide );\n\n\t\t\t// Set our starting state\n\t\t\tfromSlide.dataset.autoAnimate = 'pending';\n\t\t\ttoSlide.dataset.autoAnimate = 'pending';\n\n\t\t\t// Flag the navigation direction, needed for fragment buildup\n\t\t\tanimationOptions.slideDirection = toSlideIndex > fromSlideIndex ? 'forward' : 'backward';\n\n\t\t\t// If the from-slide is hidden because it has moved outside\n\t\t\t// the view distance, we need to temporarily show it while\n\t\t\t// measuring\n\t\t\tlet fromSlideIsHidden = fromSlide.style.display === 'none';\n\t\t\tif( fromSlideIsHidden ) fromSlide.style.display = this.Reveal.getConfig().display;\n\n\t\t\t// Inject our auto-animate styles for this transition\n\t\t\tlet css = this.getAutoAnimatableElements( fromSlide, toSlide ).map( elements => {\n\t\t\t\treturn this.autoAnimateElements( elements.from, elements.to, elements.options || {}, animationOptions, autoAnimateCounter++ );\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\tif( fromSlideIsHidden ) fromSlide.style.display = 'none';\n\n\t\t\t// Animate unmatched elements, if enabled\n\t\t\tif( toSlide.dataset.autoAnimateUnmatched !== 'false' && this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateUnmatched === true ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Our default timings for unmatched elements\n\t\t\t\tlet defaultUnmatchedDuration = animationOptions.duration * 0.8,\n\t\t\t\t\tdefaultUnmatchedDelay = animationOptions.duration * 0.2;\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.getUnmatchedAutoAnimateElements( toSlide ).forEach( unmatchedElement => {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tlet unmatchedOptions = this.getAutoAnimateOptions( unmatchedElement, animationOptions );\n\t\t\t\t\tlet id = 'unmatched';\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// If there is a duration or delay set specifically for this\n\t\t\t\t\t// element our unmatched elements should adhere to those\n\t\t\t\t\tif( unmatchedOptions.duration !== animationOptions.duration || unmatchedOptions.delay !== animationOptions.delay ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tid = 'unmatched-' + autoAnimateCounter++;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcss.push( `[data-auto-animate=\"running\"] [data-auto-animate-target=\"${id}\"] { transition: opacity ${unmatchedOptions.duration}s ease ${unmatchedOptions.delay}s; }` );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tunmatchedElement.dataset.autoAnimateTarget = id;\n\n\t\t\t\t}, this );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Our default transition for unmatched elements\n\t\t\t\tcss.push( `[data-auto-animate=\"running\"] [data-auto-animate-target=\"unmatched\"] { transition: opacity ${defaultUnmatchedDuration}s ease ${defaultUnmatchedDelay}s; }` );\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Setting the whole chunk of CSS at once is the most\n\t\t\t// efficient way to do this. Using sheet.insertRule\n\t\t\t// is multiple factors slower.\n\t\t\tthis.autoAnimateStyleSheet.innerHTML = css.join( '' );\n\n\t\t\t// Start the animation next cycle\n\t\t\trequestAnimationFrame( () => {\n\t\t\t\tif( this.autoAnimateStyleSheet ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t// This forces our newly injected styles to be applied in Firefox\n\t\t\t\t\tgetComputedStyle( this.autoAnimateStyleSheet ).fontWeight;\n\n\t\t\t\t\ttoSlide.dataset.autoAnimate = 'running';\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({\n\t\t\t\ttype: 'autoanimate',\n\t\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\t\tfromSlide,\n\t\t\t\t\ttoSlide,\n\t\t\t\t\tsheet: this.autoAnimateStyleSheet\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Rolls back all changes that we've made to the DOM so\n\t * that as part of animating.\n\t */\n\treset() {\n\n\t\t// Reset slides\n\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getRevealElement(), '[data-auto-animate]:not([data-auto-animate=\"\"])' ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\telement.dataset.autoAnimate = '';\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Reset elements\n\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getRevealElement(), '[data-auto-animate-target]' ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\tdelete element.dataset.autoAnimateTarget;\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Remove the animation sheet\n\t\tif( this.autoAnimateStyleSheet && this.autoAnimateStyleSheet.parentNode ) {\n\t\t\tthis.autoAnimateStyleSheet.parentNode.removeChild( this.autoAnimateStyleSheet );\n\t\t\tthis.autoAnimateStyleSheet = null;\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Creates a FLIP animation where the `to` element starts out\n\t * in the `from` element position and animates to its original\n\t * state.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} from\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} to\n\t * @param {Object} elementOptions Options for this element pair\n\t * @param {Object} animationOptions Options set at the slide level\n\t * @param {String} id Unique ID that we can use to identify this\n\t * auto-animate element in the DOM\n\t */\n\tautoAnimateElements( from, to, elementOptions, animationOptions, id ) {\n\n\t\t// 'from' elements are given a data-auto-animate-target with no value,\n\t\t// 'to' elements are are given a data-auto-animate-target with an ID\n\t\tfrom.dataset.autoAnimateTarget = '';\n\t\tto.dataset.autoAnimateTarget = id;\n\n\t\t// Each element may override any of the auto-animate options\n\t\t// like transition easing, duration and delay via data-attributes\n\t\tlet options = this.getAutoAnimateOptions( to, animationOptions );\n\n\t\t// If we're using a custom element matcher the element options\n\t\t// may contain additional transition overrides\n\t\tif( typeof elementOptions.delay !== 'undefined' ) options.delay = elementOptions.delay;\n\t\tif( typeof elementOptions.duration !== 'undefined' ) options.duration = elementOptions.duration;\n\t\tif( typeof elementOptions.easing !== 'undefined' ) options.easing = elementOptions.easing;\n\n\t\tlet fromProps = this.getAutoAnimatableProperties( 'from', from, elementOptions ),\n\t\t\ttoProps = this.getAutoAnimatableProperties( 'to', to, elementOptions );\n\n\t\t// Maintain fragment visibility for matching elements when\n\t\t// we're navigating forwards, this way the viewer won't need\n\t\t// to step through the same fragments twice\n\t\tif( to.classList.contains( 'fragment' ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Don't auto-animate the opacity of fragments to avoid\n\t\t\t// conflicts with fragment animations\n\t\t\tdelete toProps.styles['opacity'];\n\n\t\t\tif( from.classList.contains( 'fragment' ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t\tlet fromFragmentStyle = ( from.className.match( FRAGMENT_STYLE_REGEX ) || [''] )[0];\n\t\t\t\tlet toFragmentStyle = ( to.className.match( FRAGMENT_STYLE_REGEX ) || [''] )[0];\n\n\t\t\t\t// Only skip the fragment if the fragment animation style\n\t\t\t\t// remains unchanged\n\t\t\t\tif( fromFragmentStyle === toFragmentStyle && animationOptions.slideDirection === 'forward' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tto.classList.add( 'visible', 'disabled' );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// If translation and/or scaling are enabled, css transform\n\t\t// the 'to' element so that it matches the position and size\n\t\t// of the 'from' element\n\t\tif( elementOptions.translate !== false || elementOptions.scale !== false ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet presentationScale = this.Reveal.getScale();\n\n\t\t\tlet delta = {\n\t\t\t\tx: ( fromProps.x - toProps.x ) / presentationScale,\n\t\t\t\ty: ( fromProps.y - toProps.y ) / presentationScale,\n\t\t\t\tscaleX: fromProps.width / toProps.width,\n\t\t\t\tscaleY: fromProps.height / toProps.height\n\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\t// Limit decimal points to avoid 0.0001px blur and stutter\n\t\t\tdelta.x = Math.round( delta.x * 1000 ) / 1000;\n\t\t\tdelta.y = Math.round( delta.y * 1000 ) / 1000;\n\t\t\tdelta.scaleX = Math.round( delta.scaleX * 1000 ) / 1000;\n\t\t\tdelta.scaleX = Math.round( delta.scaleX * 1000 ) / 1000;\n\n\t\t\tlet translate = elementOptions.translate !== false && ( delta.x !== 0 || delta.y !== 0 ),\n\t\t\t\tscale = elementOptions.scale !== false && ( delta.scaleX !== 0 || delta.scaleY !== 0 );\n\n\t\t\t// No need to transform if nothing's changed\n\t\t\tif( translate || scale ) {\n\n\t\t\t\tlet transform = [];\n\n\t\t\t\tif( translate ) transform.push( `translate(${delta.x}px, ${delta.y}px)` );\n\t\t\t\tif( scale ) transform.push( `scale(${delta.scaleX}, ${delta.scaleY})` );\n\n\t\t\t\tfromProps.styles['transform'] = transform.join( ' ' );\n\t\t\t\tfromProps.styles['transform-origin'] = 'top left';\n\n\t\t\t\ttoProps.styles['transform'] = 'none';\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Delete all unchanged 'to' styles\n\t\tfor( let propertyName in toProps.styles ) {\n\t\t\tconst toValue = toProps.styles[propertyName];\n\t\t\tconst fromValue = fromProps.styles[propertyName];\n\n\t\t\tif( toValue === fromValue ) {\n\t\t\t\tdelete toProps.styles[propertyName];\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t// If these property values were set via a custom matcher providing\n\t\t\t\t// an explicit 'from' and/or 'to' value, we always inject those values.\n\t\t\t\tif( toValue.explicitValue === true ) {\n\t\t\t\t\ttoProps.styles[propertyName] = toValue.value;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif( fromValue.explicitValue === true ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tfromProps.styles[propertyName] = fromValue.value;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tlet css = '';\n\n\t\tlet toStyleProperties = Object.keys( toProps.styles );\n\n\t\t// Only create animate this element IF at least one style\n\t\t// property has changed\n\t\tif( toStyleProperties.length > 0 ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Instantly move to the 'from' state\n\t\t\tfromProps.styles['transition'] = 'none';\n\n\t\t\t// Animate towards the 'to' state\n\t\t\ttoProps.styles['transition'] = `all ${options.duration}s ${options.easing} ${options.delay}s`;\n\t\t\ttoProps.styles['transition-property'] = toStyleProperties.join( ', ' );\n\t\t\ttoProps.styles['will-change'] = toStyleProperties.join( ', ' );\n\n\t\t\t// Build up our custom CSS. We need to override inline styles\n\t\t\t// so we need to make our styles vErY IMPORTANT!1!!\n\t\t\tlet fromCSS = Object.keys( fromProps.styles ).map( propertyName => {\n\t\t\t\treturn propertyName + ': ' + fromProps.styles[propertyName] + ' !important;';\n\t\t\t} ).join( '' );\n\n\t\t\tlet toCSS = Object.keys( toProps.styles ).map( propertyName => {\n\t\t\t\treturn propertyName + ': ' + toProps.styles[propertyName] + ' !important;';\n\t\t\t} ).join( '' );\n\n\t\t\tcss = \t'[data-auto-animate-target=\"'+ id +'\"] {'+ fromCSS +'}' +\n\t\t\t\t\t'[data-auto-animate=\"running\"] [data-auto-animate-target=\"'+ id +'\"] {'+ toCSS +'}';\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn css;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Returns the auto-animate options for the given element.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} element Element to pick up options\n\t * from, either a slide or an animation target\n\t * @param {Object} [inheritedOptions] Optional set of existing\n\t * options\n\t */\n\tgetAutoAnimateOptions( element, inheritedOptions ) {\n\n\t\tlet options = {\n\t\t\teasing: this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateEasing,\n\t\t\tduration: this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateDuration,\n\t\t\tdelay: 0\n\t\t};\n\n\t\toptions = extend( options, inheritedOptions );\n\n\t\t// Inherit options from parent elements\n\t\tif( element.parentNode ) {\n\t\t\tlet autoAnimatedParent = closest( element.parentNode, '[data-auto-animate-target]' );\n\t\t\tif( autoAnimatedParent ) {\n\t\t\t\toptions = this.getAutoAnimateOptions( autoAnimatedParent, options );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif( element.dataset.autoAnimateEasing ) {\n\t\t\toptions.easing = element.dataset.autoAnimateEasing;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif( element.dataset.autoAnimateDuration ) {\n\t\t\toptions.duration = parseFloat( element.dataset.autoAnimateDuration );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif( element.dataset.autoAnimateDelay ) {\n\t\t\toptions.delay = parseFloat( element.dataset.autoAnimateDelay );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn options;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Returns an object containing all of the properties\n\t * that can be auto-animated for the given element and\n\t * their current computed values.\n\t *\n\t * @param {String} direction 'from' or 'to'\n\t */\n\tgetAutoAnimatableProperties( direction, element, elementOptions ) {\n\n\t\tlet config = this.Reveal.getConfig();\n\n\t\tlet properties = { styles: [] };\n\n\t\t// Position and size\n\t\tif( elementOptions.translate !== false || elementOptions.scale !== false ) {\n\t\t\tlet bounds;\n\n\t\t\t// Custom auto-animate may optionally return a custom tailored\n\t\t\t// measurement function\n\t\t\tif( typeof elementOptions.measure === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\tbounds = elementOptions.measure( element );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tif( config.center ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t// More precise, but breaks when used in combination\n\t\t\t\t\t// with zoom for scaling the deck ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯\n\t\t\t\t\tbounds = element.getBoundingClientRect();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tlet scale = this.Reveal.getScale();\n\t\t\t\t\tbounds = {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tx: element.offsetLeft * scale,\n\t\t\t\t\t\ty: element.offsetTop * scale,\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: element.offsetWidth * scale,\n\t\t\t\t\t\theight: element.offsetHeight * scale\n\t\t\t\t\t};\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tproperties.x = bounds.x;\n\t\t\tproperties.y = bounds.y;\n\t\t\tproperties.width = bounds.width;\n\t\t\tproperties.height = bounds.height;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tconst computedStyles = getComputedStyle( element );\n\n\t\t// CSS styles\n\t\t( elementOptions.styles || config.autoAnimateStyles ).forEach( style => {\n\t\t\tlet value;\n\n\t\t\t// `style` is either the property name directly, or an object\n\t\t\t// definition of a style property\n\t\t\tif( typeof style === 'string' ) style = { property: style };\n\n\t\t\tif( typeof style.from !== 'undefined' && direction === 'from' ) {\n\t\t\t\tvalue = { value: style.from, explicitValue: true };\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse if( typeof style.to !== 'undefined' && direction === 'to' ) {\n\t\t\t\tvalue = { value: style.to, explicitValue: true };\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t// Use a unitless value for line-height so that it inherits properly\n\t\t\t\tif( style.property === 'line-height' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalue = parseFloat( computedStyles['line-height'] ) / parseFloat( computedStyles['font-size'] );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif( isNaN(value) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tvalue = computedStyles[style.property];\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif( value !== '' ) {\n\t\t\t\tproperties.styles[style.property] = value;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\treturn properties;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Get a list of all element pairs that we can animate\n\t * between the given slides.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} fromSlide\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} toSlide\n\t *\n\t * @return {Array} Each value is an array where [0] is\n\t * the element we're animating from and [1] is the\n\t * element we're animating to\n\t */\n\tgetAutoAnimatableElements( fromSlide, toSlide ) {\n\n\t\tlet matcher = typeof this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateMatcher === 'function' ? this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateMatcher : this.getAutoAnimatePairs;\n\n\t\tlet pairs = matcher.call( this, fromSlide, toSlide );\n\n\t\tlet reserved = [];\n\n\t\t// Remove duplicate pairs\n\t\treturn pairs.filter( ( pair, index ) => {\n\t\t\tif( reserved.indexOf( pair.to ) === -1 ) {\n\t\t\t\treserved.push( pair.to );\n\t\t\t\treturn true;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Identifies matching elements between slides.\n\t *\n\t * You can specify a custom matcher function by using\n\t * the `autoAnimateMatcher` config option.\n\t */\n\tgetAutoAnimatePairs( fromSlide, toSlide ) {\n\n\t\tlet pairs = [];\n\n\t\tconst codeNodes = 'pre';\n\t\tconst textNodes = 'h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, li';\n\t\tconst mediaNodes = 'img, video, iframe';\n\n\t\t// Explicit matches via data-id\n\t\tthis.findAutoAnimateMatches( pairs, fromSlide, toSlide, '[data-id]', node => {\n\t\t\treturn node.nodeName + ':::' + node.getAttribute( 'data-id' );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Text\n\t\tthis.findAutoAnimateMatches( pairs, fromSlide, toSlide, textNodes, node => {\n\t\t\treturn node.nodeName + ':::' + node.innerText;\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Media\n\t\tthis.findAutoAnimateMatches( pairs, fromSlide, toSlide, mediaNodes, node => {\n\t\t\treturn node.nodeName + ':::' + ( node.getAttribute( 'src' ) || node.getAttribute( 'data-src' ) );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Code\n\t\tthis.findAutoAnimateMatches( pairs, fromSlide, toSlide, codeNodes, node => {\n\t\t\treturn node.nodeName + ':::' + node.innerText;\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\tpairs.forEach( pair => {\n\t\t\t// Disable scale transformations on text nodes, we transition\n\t\t\t// each individual text property instead\n\t\t\tif( matches( pair.from, textNodes ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tpair.options = { scale: false };\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// Animate individual lines of code\n\t\t\telse if( matches( pair.from, codeNodes ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Transition the code block's width and height instead of scaling\n\t\t\t\t// to prevent its content from being squished\n\t\t\t\tpair.options = { scale: false, styles: [ 'width', 'height' ] };\n\n\t\t\t\t// Lines of code\n\t\t\t\tthis.findAutoAnimateMatches( pairs, pair.from, pair.to, '.hljs .hljs-ln-code', node => {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn node.textContent;\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\tscale: false,\n\t\t\t\t\tstyles: [],\n\t\t\t\t\tmeasure: this.getLocalBoundingBox.bind( this )\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Line numbers\n\t\t\t\tthis.findAutoAnimateMatches( pairs, pair.from, pair.to, '.hljs .hljs-ln-line[data-line-number]', node => {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn node.getAttribute( 'data-line-number' );\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\tscale: false,\n\t\t\t\t\tstyles: [ 'width' ],\n\t\t\t\t\tmeasure: this.getLocalBoundingBox.bind( this )\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}, this );\n\n\t\treturn pairs;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Helper method which returns a bounding box based on\n\t * the given elements offset coordinates.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} element\n\t * @return {Object} x, y, width, height\n\t */\n\tgetLocalBoundingBox( element ) {\n\n\t\tconst presentationScale = this.Reveal.getScale();\n\n\t\treturn {\n\t\t\tx: Math.round( ( element.offsetLeft * presentationScale ) * 100 ) / 100,\n\t\t\ty: Math.round( ( element.offsetTop * presentationScale ) * 100 ) / 100,\n\t\t\twidth: Math.round( ( element.offsetWidth * presentationScale ) * 100 ) / 100,\n\t\t\theight: Math.round( ( element.offsetHeight * presentationScale ) * 100 ) / 100\n\t\t};\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Finds matching elements between two slides.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Array} pairs \tList of pairs to push matches to\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} fromScope Scope within the from element exists\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} toScope Scope within the to element exists\n\t * @param {String} selector CSS selector of the element to match\n\t * @param {Function} serializer A function that accepts an element and returns\n\t * a stringified ID based on its contents\n\t * @param {Object} animationOptions Optional config options for this pair\n\t */\n\tfindAutoAnimateMatches( pairs, fromScope, toScope, selector, serializer, animationOptions ) {\n\n\t\tlet fromMatches = {};\n\t\tlet toMatches = {};\n\n\t\t[].slice.call( fromScope.querySelectorAll( selector ) ).forEach( ( element, i ) => {\n\t\t\tconst key = serializer( element );\n\t\t\tif( typeof key === 'string' && key.length ) {\n\t\t\t\tfromMatches[key] = fromMatches[key] || [];\n\t\t\t\tfromMatches[key].push( element );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t[].slice.call( toScope.querySelectorAll( selector ) ).forEach( ( element, i ) => {\n\t\t\tconst key = serializer( element );\n\t\t\ttoMatches[key] = toMatches[key] || [];\n\t\t\ttoMatches[key].push( element );\n\n\t\t\tlet fromElement;\n\n\t\t\t// Retrieve the 'from' element\n\t\t\tif( fromMatches[key] ) {\n\t\t\t\tconst primaryIndex = toMatches[key].length - 1;\n\t\t\t\tconst secondaryIndex = fromMatches[key].length - 1;\n\n\t\t\t\t// If there are multiple identical from elements, retrieve\n\t\t\t\t// the one at the same index as our to-element.\n\t\t\t\tif( fromMatches[key][ primaryIndex ] ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tfromElement = fromMatches[key][ primaryIndex ];\n\t\t\t\t\tfromMatches[key][ primaryIndex ] = null;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t// If there are no matching from-elements at the same index,\n\t\t\t\t// use the last one.\n\t\t\t\telse if( fromMatches[key][ secondaryIndex ] ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tfromElement = fromMatches[key][ secondaryIndex ];\n\t\t\t\t\tfromMatches[key][ secondaryIndex ] = null;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// If we've got a matching pair, push it to the list of pairs\n\t\t\tif( fromElement ) {\n\t\t\t\tpairs.push({\n\t\t\t\t\tfrom: fromElement,\n\t\t\t\t\tto: element,\n\t\t\t\t\toptions: animationOptions\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Returns a all elements within the given scope that should\n\t * be considered unmatched in an auto-animate transition. If\n\t * fading of unmatched elements is turned on, these elements\n\t * will fade when going between auto-animate slides.\n\t *\n\t * Note that parents of auto-animate targets are NOT considered\n\t * unmatched since fading them would break the auto-animation.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} rootElement\n\t * @return {Array}\n\t */\n\tgetUnmatchedAutoAnimateElements( rootElement ) {\n\n\t\treturn [].slice.call( rootElement.children ).reduce( ( result, element ) => {\n\n\t\t\tconst containsAnimatedElements = element.querySelector( '[data-auto-animate-target]' );\n\n\t\t\t// The element is unmatched if\n\t\t\t// - It is not an auto-animate target\n\t\t\t// - It does not contain any auto-animate targets\n\t\t\tif( !element.hasAttribute( 'data-auto-animate-target' ) && !containsAnimatedElements ) {\n\t\t\t\tresult.push( element );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif( element.querySelector( '[data-auto-animate-target]' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tresult = result.concat( this.getUnmatchedAutoAnimateElements( element ) );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn result;\n\n\t\t}, [] );\n\n\t}\n\n}\n","import { extend, queryAll } from '../utils/util.js'\n\n/**\n * Handles sorting and navigation of slide fragments.\n * Fragments are elements within a slide that are\n * revealed/animated incrementally.\n */\nexport default class Fragments {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tif( config.fragments === false ) {\n\t\t\tthis.disable();\n\t\t}\n\t\telse if( oldConfig.fragments === false ) {\n\t\t\tthis.enable();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * If fragments are disabled in the deck, they should all be\n\t * visible rather than stepped through.\n\t */\n\tdisable() {\n\n\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getSlidesElement(), '.fragment' ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\telement.classList.add( 'visible' );\n\t\t\telement.classList.remove( 'current-fragment' );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Reverse of #disable(). Only called if fragments have\n\t * previously been disabled.\n\t */\n\tenable() {\n\n\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getSlidesElement(), '.fragment' ).forEach( element => {\n\t\t\telement.classList.remove( 'visible' );\n\t\t\telement.classList.remove( 'current-fragment' );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Returns an object describing the available fragment\n\t * directions.\n\t *\n\t * @return {{prev: boolean, next: boolean}}\n\t */\n\tavailableRoutes() {\n\n\t\tlet currentSlide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();\n\t\tif( currentSlide && this.Reveal.getConfig().fragments ) {\n\t\t\tlet fragments = currentSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment:not(.disabled)' );\n\t\t\tlet hiddenFragments = currentSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment:not(.disabled):not(.visible)' );\n\n\t\t\treturn {\n\t\t\t\tprev: fragments.length - hiddenFragments.length > 0,\n\t\t\t\tnext: !!hiddenFragments.length\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\treturn { prev: false, next: false };\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Return a sorted fragments list, ordered by an increasing\n\t * \"data-fragment-index\" attribute.\n\t *\n\t * Fragments will be revealed in the order that they are returned by\n\t * this function, so you can use the index attributes to control the\n\t * order of fragment appearance.\n\t *\n\t * To maintain a sensible default fragment order, fragments are presumed\n\t * to be passed in document order. This function adds a \"fragment-index\"\n\t * attribute to each node if such an attribute is not already present,\n\t * and sets that attribute to an integer value which is the position of\n\t * the fragment within the fragments list.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object[]|*} fragments\n\t * @param {boolean} grouped If true the returned array will contain\n\t * nested arrays for all fragments with the same index\n\t * @return {object[]} sorted Sorted array of fragments\n\t */\n\tsort( fragments, grouped = false ) {\n\n\t\tfragments = Array.from( fragments );\n\n\t\tlet ordered = [],\n\t\t\tunordered = [],\n\t\t\tsorted = [];\n\n\t\t// Group ordered and unordered elements\n\t\tfragments.forEach( fragment => {\n\t\t\tif( fragment.hasAttribute( 'data-fragment-index' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tlet index = parseInt( fragment.getAttribute( 'data-fragment-index' ), 10 );\n\n\t\t\t\tif( !ordered[index] ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tordered[index] = [];\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tordered[index].push( fragment );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tunordered.push( [ fragment ] );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Append fragments without explicit indices in their\n\t\t// DOM order\n\t\tordered = ordered.concat( unordered );\n\n\t\t// Manually count the index up per group to ensure there\n\t\t// are no gaps\n\t\tlet index = 0;\n\n\t\t// Push all fragments in their sorted order to an array,\n\t\t// this flattens the groups\n\t\tordered.forEach( group => {\n\t\t\tgroup.forEach( fragment => {\n\t\t\t\tsorted.push( fragment );\n\t\t\t\tfragment.setAttribute( 'data-fragment-index', index );\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\tindex ++;\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\treturn grouped === true ? ordered : sorted;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Sorts and formats all of fragments in the\n\t * presentation.\n\t */\n\tsortAll() {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().forEach( horizontalSlide => {\n\n\t\t\tlet verticalSlides = queryAll( horizontalSlide, 'section' );\n\t\t\tverticalSlides.forEach( ( verticalSlide, y ) => {\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.sort( verticalSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment' ) );\n\n\t\t\t}, this );\n\n\t\t\tif( verticalSlides.length === 0 ) this.sort( horizontalSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment' ) );\n\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Refreshes the fragments on the current slide so that they\n\t * have the appropriate classes (.visible + .current-fragment).\n\t *\n\t * @param {number} [index] The index of the current fragment\n\t * @param {array} [fragments] Array containing all fragments\n\t * in the current slide\n\t *\n\t * @return {{shown: array, hidden: array}}\n\t */\n\tupdate( index, fragments ) {\n\n\t\tlet changedFragments = {\n\t\t\tshown: [],\n\t\t\thidden: []\n\t\t};\n\n\t\tlet currentSlide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();\n\t\tif( currentSlide && this.Reveal.getConfig().fragments ) {\n\n\t\t\tfragments = fragments || this.sort( currentSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment' ) );\n\n\t\t\tif( fragments.length ) {\n\n\t\t\t\tlet maxIndex = 0;\n\n\t\t\t\tif( typeof index !== 'number' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tlet currentFragment = this.sort( currentSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment.visible' ) ).pop();\n\t\t\t\t\tif( currentFragment ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tindex = parseInt( currentFragment.getAttribute( 'data-fragment-index' ) || 0, 10 );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tArray.from( fragments ).forEach( ( el, i ) => {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( el.hasAttribute( 'data-fragment-index' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\ti = parseInt( el.getAttribute( 'data-fragment-index' ), 10 );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tmaxIndex = Math.max( maxIndex, i );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Visible fragments\n\t\t\t\t\tif( i <= index ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlet wasVisible = el.classList.contains( 'visible' )\n\t\t\t\t\t\tel.classList.add( 'visible' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tel.classList.remove( 'current-fragment' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( i === index ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t// Announce the fragments one by one to the Screen Reader\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.announceStatus( this.Reveal.getStatusText( el ) );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tel.classList.add( 'current-fragment' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slideContent.startEmbeddedContent( el );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( !wasVisible ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tchangedFragments.shown.push( el )\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget: el,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'visible',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbubbles: false\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t// Hidden fragments\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlet wasVisible = el.classList.contains( 'visible' )\n\t\t\t\t\t\tel.classList.remove( 'visible' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tel.classList.remove( 'current-fragment' );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( wasVisible ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slideContent.stopEmbeddedContent( el );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tchangedFragments.hidden.push( el );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget: el,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'hidden',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbubbles: false\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Write the current fragment index to the slide
.\n\t\t\t\t// This can be used by end users to apply styles based on\n\t\t\t\t// the current fragment index.\n\t\t\t\tindex = typeof index === 'number' ? index : -1;\n\t\t\t\tindex = Math.max( Math.min( index, maxIndex ), -1 );\n\t\t\t\tcurrentSlide.setAttribute( 'data-fragment', index );\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn changedFragments;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Formats the fragments on the given slide so that they have\n\t * valid indices. Call this if fragments are changed in the DOM\n\t * after reveal.js has already initialized.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} slide\n\t * @return {Array} a list of the HTML fragments that were synced\n\t */\n\tsync( slide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide() ) {\n\n\t\treturn this.sort( slide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment' ) );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Navigate to the specified slide fragment.\n\t *\n\t * @param {?number} index The index of the fragment that\n\t * should be shown, -1 means all are invisible\n\t * @param {number} offset Integer offset to apply to the\n\t * fragment index\n\t *\n\t * @return {boolean} true if a change was made in any\n\t * fragments visibility as part of this call\n\t */\n\tgoto( index, offset = 0 ) {\n\n\t\tlet currentSlide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();\n\t\tif( currentSlide && this.Reveal.getConfig().fragments ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet fragments = this.sort( currentSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment:not(.disabled)' ) );\n\t\t\tif( fragments.length ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// If no index is specified, find the current\n\t\t\t\tif( typeof index !== 'number' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tlet lastVisibleFragment = this.sort( currentSlide.querySelectorAll( '.fragment:not(.disabled).visible' ) ).pop();\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( lastVisibleFragment ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tindex = parseInt( lastVisibleFragment.getAttribute( 'data-fragment-index' ) || 0, 10 );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tindex = -1;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Apply the offset if there is one\n\t\t\t\tindex += offset;\n\n\t\t\t\tlet changedFragments = this.update( index, fragments );\n\n\t\t\t\tif( changedFragments.hidden.length ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'fragmenthidden',\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfragment: changedFragments.hidden[0],\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfragments: changedFragments.hidden\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif( changedFragments.shown.length ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'fragmentshown',\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfragment: changedFragments.shown[0],\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfragments: changedFragments.shown\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.controls.update();\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.progress.update();\n\n\t\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().fragmentInURL ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.location.writeURL();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\treturn !!( changedFragments.shown.length || changedFragments.hidden.length );\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn false;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Navigate to the next slide fragment.\n\t *\n\t * @return {boolean} true if there was a next fragment,\n\t * false otherwise\n\t */\n\tnext() {\n\n\t\treturn this.goto( null, 1 );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Navigate to the previous slide fragment.\n\t *\n\t * @return {boolean} true if there was a previous fragment,\n\t * false otherwise\n\t */\n\tprev() {\n\n\t\treturn this.goto( null, -1 );\n\n\t}\n\n}","import { SLIDES_SELECTOR } from '../utils/constants.js'\nimport { extend, queryAll, transformElement } from '../utils/util.js'\n\n/**\n * Handles all logic related to the overview mode\n * (birds-eye view of all slides).\n */\nexport default class Overview {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\tthis.active = false;\n\n\t\tthis.onSlideClicked = this.onSlideClicked.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Displays the overview of slides (quick nav) by scaling\n\t * down and arranging all slide elements.\n\t */\n\tactivate() {\n\n\t\t// Only proceed if enabled in config\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().overview && !this.isActive() ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.active = true;\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.add( 'overview' );\n\n\t\t\t// Don't auto-slide while in overview mode\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.cancelAutoSlide();\n\n\t\t\t// Move the backgrounds element into the slide container to\n\t\t\t// that the same scaling is applied\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getSlidesElement().appendChild( this.Reveal.getBackgroundsElement() );\n\n\t\t\t// Clicking on an overview slide navigates to it\n\t\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getRevealElement(), SLIDES_SELECTOR ).forEach( slide => {\n\t\t\t\tif( !slide.classList.contains( 'stack' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tslide.addEventListener( 'click', this.onSlideClicked, true );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// Calculate slide sizes\n\t\t\tconst margin = 70;\n\t\t\tconst slideSize = this.Reveal.getComputedSlideSize();\n\t\t\tthis.overviewSlideWidth = slideSize.width + margin;\n\t\t\tthis.overviewSlideHeight = slideSize.height + margin;\n\n\t\t\t// Reverse in RTL mode\n\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().rtl ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.overviewSlideWidth = -this.overviewSlideWidth;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.updateSlidesVisibility();\n\n\t\t\tthis.layout();\n\t\t\tthis.update();\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.layout();\n\n\t\t\tconst indices = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\n\t\t\t// Notify observers of the overview showing\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({\n\t\t\t\ttype: 'overviewshown',\n\t\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\t\t'indexh': indices.h,\n\t\t\t\t\t'indexv': indices.v,\n\t\t\t\t\t'currentSlide': this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide()\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Uses CSS transforms to position all slides in a grid for\n\t * display inside of the overview mode.\n\t */\n\tlayout() {\n\n\t\t// Layout slides\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().forEach( ( hslide, h ) => {\n\t\t\thslide.setAttribute( 'data-index-h', h );\n\t\t\ttransformElement( hslide, 'translate3d(' + ( h * this.overviewSlideWidth ) + 'px, 0, 0)' );\n\n\t\t\tif( hslide.classList.contains( 'stack' ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t\tqueryAll( hslide, 'section' ).forEach( ( vslide, v ) => {\n\t\t\t\t\tvslide.setAttribute( 'data-index-h', h );\n\t\t\t\t\tvslide.setAttribute( 'data-index-v', v );\n\n\t\t\t\t\ttransformElement( vslide, 'translate3d(0, ' + ( v * this.overviewSlideHeight ) + 'px, 0)' );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Layout slide backgrounds\n\t\tArray.from( this.Reveal.getBackgroundsElement().childNodes ).forEach( ( hbackground, h ) => {\n\t\t\ttransformElement( hbackground, 'translate3d(' + ( h * this.overviewSlideWidth ) + 'px, 0, 0)' );\n\n\t\t\tqueryAll( hbackground, '.slide-background' ).forEach( ( vbackground, v ) => {\n\t\t\t\ttransformElement( vbackground, 'translate3d(0, ' + ( v * this.overviewSlideHeight ) + 'px, 0)' );\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Moves the overview viewport to the current slides.\n\t * Called each time the current slide changes.\n\t */\n\tupdate() {\n\n\t\tconst vmin = Math.min( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );\n\t\tconst scale = Math.max( vmin / 5, 150 ) / vmin;\n\t\tconst indices = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.transformSlides( {\n\t\t\toverview: [\n\t\t\t\t'scale('+ scale +')',\n\t\t\t\t'translateX('+ ( -indices.h * this.overviewSlideWidth ) +'px)',\n\t\t\t\t'translateY('+ ( -indices.v * this.overviewSlideHeight ) +'px)'\n\t\t\t].join( ' ' )\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Exits the slide overview and enters the currently\n\t * active slide.\n\t */\n\tdeactivate() {\n\n\t\t// Only proceed if enabled in config\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().overview ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.active = false;\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove( 'overview' );\n\n\t\t\t// Temporarily add a class so that transitions can do different things\n\t\t\t// depending on whether they are exiting/entering overview, or just\n\t\t\t// moving from slide to slide\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.add( 'overview-deactivating' );\n\n\t\t\tsetTimeout( () => {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove( 'overview-deactivating' );\n\t\t\t}, 1 );\n\n\t\t\t// Move the background element back out\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().appendChild( this.Reveal.getBackgroundsElement() );\n\n\t\t\t// Clean up changes made to slides\n\t\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getRevealElement(), SLIDES_SELECTOR ).forEach( slide => {\n\t\t\t\ttransformElement( slide, '' );\n\n\t\t\t\tslide.removeEventListener( 'click', this.onSlideClicked, true );\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t// Clean up changes made to backgrounds\n\t\t\tqueryAll( this.Reveal.getBackgroundsElement(), '.slide-background' ).forEach( background => {\n\t\t\t\ttransformElement( background, '' );\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.transformSlides( { overview: '' } );\n\n\t\t\tconst indices = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( indices.h, indices.v );\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.layout();\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.cueAutoSlide();\n\n\t\t\t// Notify observers of the overview hiding\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({\n\t\t\t\ttype: 'overviewhidden',\n\t\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\t\t'indexh': indices.h,\n\t\t\t\t\t'indexv': indices.v,\n\t\t\t\t\t'currentSlide': this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide()\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t});\n\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Toggles the slide overview mode on and off.\n\t *\n\t * @param {Boolean} [override] Flag which overrides the\n\t * toggle logic and forcibly sets the desired state. True means\n\t * overview is open, false means it's closed.\n\t */\n\ttoggle( override ) {\n\n\t\tif( typeof override === 'boolean' ) {\n\t\t\toverride ? this.activate() : this.deactivate();\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.isActive() ? this.deactivate() : this.activate();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Checks if the overview is currently active.\n\t *\n\t * @return {Boolean} true if the overview is active,\n\t * false otherwise\n\t */\n\tisActive() {\n\n\t\treturn this.active;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Invoked when a slide is and we're in the overview.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonSlideClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( this.isActive() ) {\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\n\t\t\tlet element = event.target;\n\n\t\t\twhile( element && !element.nodeName.match( /section/gi ) ) {\n\t\t\t\telement = element.parentNode;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tif( element && !element.classList.contains( 'disabled' ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.deactivate();\n\n\t\t\t\tif( element.nodeName.match( /section/gi ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tlet h = parseInt( element.getAttribute( 'data-index-h' ), 10 ),\n\t\t\t\t\t\tv = parseInt( element.getAttribute( 'data-index-v' ), 10 );\n\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( h, v );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n}","import { enterFullscreen } from '../utils/util.js'\n\n/**\n * Handles all reveal.js keyboard interactions.\n */\nexport default class Keyboard {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\t// A key:value map of keyboard keys and descriptions of\n\t\t// the actions they trigger\n\t\tthis.shortcuts = {};\n\n\t\t// Holds custom key code mappings\n\t\tthis.bindings = {};\n\n\t\tthis.onDocumentKeyDown = this.onDocumentKeyDown.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onDocumentKeyPress = this.onDocumentKeyPress.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tif( config.navigationMode === 'linear' ) {\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['→ , ↓ , SPACE , N , L , J'] = 'Next slide';\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['← , ↑ , P , H , K'] = 'Previous slide';\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['N , SPACE'] = 'Next slide';\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['P , Shift SPACE'] = 'Previous slide';\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['← , H'] = 'Navigate left';\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['→ , L'] = 'Navigate right';\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['↑ , K'] = 'Navigate up';\n\t\t\tthis.shortcuts['↓ , J'] = 'Navigate down';\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tthis.shortcuts['Alt + ←/↑/→/↓'] = 'Navigate without fragments';\n\t\tthis.shortcuts['Shift + ←/↑/→/↓'] = 'Jump to first/last slide';\n\t\tthis.shortcuts['B , .'] = 'Pause';\n\t\tthis.shortcuts['F'] = 'Fullscreen';\n\t\tthis.shortcuts['G'] = 'Jump to slide';\n\t\tthis.shortcuts['ESC, O'] = 'Slide overview';\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Starts listening for keyboard events.\n\t */\n\tbind() {\n\n\t\tdocument.addEventListener( 'keydown', this.onDocumentKeyDown, false );\n\t\tdocument.addEventListener( 'keypress', this.onDocumentKeyPress, false );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Stops listening for keyboard events.\n\t */\n\tunbind() {\n\n\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'keydown', this.onDocumentKeyDown, false );\n\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'keypress', this.onDocumentKeyPress, false );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Add a custom key binding with optional description to\n\t * be added to the help screen.\n\t */\n\taddKeyBinding( binding, callback ) {\n\n\t\tif( typeof binding === 'object' && binding.keyCode ) {\n\t\t\tthis.bindings[binding.keyCode] = {\n\t\t\t\tcallback: callback,\n\t\t\t\tkey: binding.key,\n\t\t\t\tdescription: binding.description\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.bindings[binding] = {\n\t\t\t\tcallback: callback,\n\t\t\t\tkey: null,\n\t\t\t\tdescription: null\n\t\t\t};\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Removes the specified custom key binding.\n\t */\n\tremoveKeyBinding( keyCode ) {\n\n\t\tdelete this.bindings[keyCode];\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Programmatically triggers a keyboard event\n\t *\n\t * @param {int} keyCode\n\t */\n\ttriggerKey( keyCode ) {\n\n\t\tthis.onDocumentKeyDown( { keyCode } );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Registers a new shortcut to include in the help overlay\n\t *\n\t * @param {String} key\n\t * @param {String} value\n\t */\n\tregisterKeyboardShortcut( key, value ) {\n\n\t\tthis.shortcuts[key] = value;\n\n\t}\n\n\tgetShortcuts() {\n\n\t\treturn this.shortcuts;\n\n\t}\n\n\tgetBindings() {\n\n\t\treturn this.bindings;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Handler for the document level 'keypress' event.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonDocumentKeyPress( event ) {\n\n\t\t// Check if the pressed key is question mark\n\t\tif( event.shiftKey && event.charCode === 63 ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.toggleHelp();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Handler for the document level 'keydown' event.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonDocumentKeyDown( event ) {\n\n\t\tlet config = this.Reveal.getConfig();\n\n\t\t// If there's a condition specified and it returns false,\n\t\t// ignore this event\n\t\tif( typeof config.keyboardCondition === 'function' && config.keyboardCondition(event) === false ) {\n\t\t\treturn true;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// If keyboardCondition is set, only capture keyboard events\n\t\t// for embedded decks when they are focused\n\t\tif( config.keyboardCondition === 'focused' && !this.Reveal.isFocused() ) {\n\t\t\treturn true;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Shorthand\n\t\tlet keyCode = event.keyCode;\n\n\t\t// Remember if auto-sliding was paused so we can toggle it\n\t\tlet autoSlideWasPaused = !this.Reveal.isAutoSliding();\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput( event );\n\n\t\t// Is there a focused element that could be using the keyboard?\n\t\tlet activeElementIsCE = document.activeElement && document.activeElement.isContentEditable === true;\n\t\tlet activeElementIsInput = document.activeElement && document.activeElement.tagName && /input|textarea/i.test( document.activeElement.tagName );\n\t\tlet activeElementIsNotes = document.activeElement && document.activeElement.className && /speaker-notes/i.test( document.activeElement.className);\n\n\t\t// Whitelist certain modifiers for slide navigation shortcuts\n\t\tlet isNavigationKey = [32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 78, 80].indexOf( event.keyCode ) !== -1;\n\n\t\t// Prevent all other events when a modifier is pressed\n\t\tlet unusedModifier = \t!( isNavigationKey && event.shiftKey || event.altKey ) &&\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t( event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey );\n\n\t\t// Disregard the event if there's a focused element or a\n\t\t// keyboard modifier key is present\n\t\tif( activeElementIsCE || activeElementIsInput || activeElementIsNotes || unusedModifier ) return;\n\n\t\t// While paused only allow resume keyboard events; 'b', 'v', '.'\n\t\tlet resumeKeyCodes = [66,86,190,191];\n\t\tlet key;\n\n\t\t// Custom key bindings for togglePause should be able to resume\n\t\tif( typeof config.keyboard === 'object' ) {\n\t\t\tfor( key in config.keyboard ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( config.keyboard[key] === 'togglePause' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tresumeKeyCodes.push( parseInt( key, 10 ) );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.isPaused() && resumeKeyCodes.indexOf( keyCode ) === -1 ) {\n\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Use linear navigation if we're configured to OR if\n\t\t// the presentation is one-dimensional\n\t\tlet useLinearMode = config.navigationMode === 'linear' || !this.Reveal.hasHorizontalSlides() || !this.Reveal.hasVerticalSlides();\n\n\t\tlet triggered = false;\n\n\t\t// 1. User defined key bindings\n\t\tif( typeof config.keyboard === 'object' ) {\n\n\t\t\tfor( key in config.keyboard ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Check if this binding matches the pressed key\n\t\t\t\tif( parseInt( key, 10 ) === keyCode ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tlet value = config.keyboard[ key ];\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Callback function\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof value === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalue.apply( null, [ event ] );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t// String shortcuts to reveal.js API\n\t\t\t\t\telse if( typeof value === 'string' && typeof this.Reveal[ value ] === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal[ value ].call();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\ttriggered = true;\n\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// 2. Registered custom key bindings\n\t\tif( triggered === false ) {\n\n\t\t\tfor( key in this.bindings ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Check if this binding matches the pressed key\n\t\t\t\tif( parseInt( key, 10 ) === keyCode ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tlet action = this.bindings[ key ].callback;\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Callback function\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof action === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\taction.apply( null, [ event ] );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t// String shortcuts to reveal.js API\n\t\t\t\t\telse if( typeof action === 'string' && typeof this.Reveal[ action ] === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal[ action ].call();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\ttriggered = true;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// 3. System defined key bindings\n\t\tif( triggered === false ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Assume true and try to prove false\n\t\t\ttriggered = true;\n\n\t\t\t// P, PAGE UP\n\t\t\tif( keyCode === 80 || keyCode === 33 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// N, PAGE DOWN\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 78 || keyCode === 34 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// H, LEFT\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 72 || keyCode === 37 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( event.shiftKey ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( 0 );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if( !this.Reveal.overview.isActive() && useLinearMode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.left({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// L, RIGHT\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 76 || keyCode === 39 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( event.shiftKey ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( this.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().length - 1 );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if( !this.Reveal.overview.isActive() && useLinearMode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.right({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// K, UP\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 75 || keyCode === 38 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( event.shiftKey ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( undefined, 0 );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if( !this.Reveal.overview.isActive() && useLinearMode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.up({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// J, DOWN\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 74 || keyCode === 40 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( event.shiftKey ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( undefined, Number.MAX_VALUE );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if( !this.Reveal.overview.isActive() && useLinearMode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.down({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// HOME\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 36 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( 0 );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// END\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 35 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( this.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().length - 1 );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// SPACE\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 32 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.overview.isActive() ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.overview.deactivate();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif( event.shiftKey ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next({skipFragments: event.altKey});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// TWO-SPOT, SEMICOLON, B, V, PERIOD, LOGITECH PRESENTER TOOLS \"BLACK SCREEN\" BUTTON\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 58 || keyCode === 59 || keyCode === 66 || keyCode === 86 || keyCode === 190 || keyCode === 191 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.togglePause();\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// F\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 70 ) {\n\t\t\t\tenterFullscreen( config.embedded ? this.Reveal.getViewportElement() : document.documentElement );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// A\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 65 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( config.autoSlideStoppable ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.toggleAutoSlide( autoSlideWasPaused );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// G\n\t\t\telse if( keyCode === 71 ) {\n\t\t\t\tif ( config.jumpToSlide ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.toggleJumpToSlide();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\ttriggered = false;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// If the input resulted in a triggered action we should prevent\n\t\t// the browsers default behavior\n\t\tif( triggered ) {\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault && event.preventDefault();\n\t\t}\n\t\t// ESC or O key\n\t\telse if( keyCode === 27 || keyCode === 79 ) {\n\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.closeOverlay() === false ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.overview.toggle();\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault && event.preventDefault();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// If auto-sliding is enabled we need to cue up\n\t\t// another timeout\n\t\tthis.Reveal.cueAutoSlide();\n\n\t}\n\n}","/**\n * Reads and writes the URL based on reveal.js' current state.\n */\nexport default class Location {\n\n\t// The minimum number of milliseconds that must pass between\n\t// calls to history.replaceState\n\tMAX_REPLACE_STATE_FREQUENCY = 1000\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\t// Delays updates to the URL due to a Chrome thumbnailer bug\n\t\tthis.writeURLTimeout = 0;\n\n\t\tthis.replaceStateTimestamp = 0;\n\n\t\tthis.onWindowHashChange = this.onWindowHashChange.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\tbind() {\n\n\t\twindow.addEventListener( 'hashchange', this.onWindowHashChange, false );\n\n\t}\n\n\tunbind() {\n\n\t\twindow.removeEventListener( 'hashchange', this.onWindowHashChange, false );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Returns the slide indices for the given hash link.\n\t *\n\t * @param {string} [hash] the hash string that we want to\n\t * find the indices for\n\t *\n\t * @returns slide indices or null\n\t */\n\tgetIndicesFromHash( hash=window.location.hash, options={} ) {\n\n\t\t// Attempt to parse the hash as either an index or name\n\t\tlet name = hash.replace( /^#\\/?/, '' );\n\t\tlet bits = name.split( '/' );\n\n\t\t// If the first bit is not fully numeric and there is a name we\n\t\t// can assume that this is a named link\n\t\tif( !/^[0-9]*$/.test( bits[0] ) && name.length ) {\n\t\t\tlet element;\n\n\t\t\tlet f;\n\n\t\t\t// Parse named links with fragments (#/named-link/2)\n\t\t\tif( /\\/[-\\d]+$/g.test( name ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tf = parseInt( name.split( '/' ).pop(), 10 );\n\t\t\t\tf = isNaN(f) ? undefined : f;\n\t\t\t\tname = name.split( '/' ).shift();\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// Ensure the named link is a valid HTML ID attribute\n\t\t\ttry {\n\t\t\t\telement = document.getElementById( decodeURIComponent( name ) );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcatch ( error ) { }\n\n\t\t\tif( element ) {\n\t\t\t\treturn { ...this.Reveal.getIndices( element ), f };\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tconst config = this.Reveal.getConfig();\n\t\t\tlet hashIndexBase = config.hashOneBasedIndex || options.oneBasedIndex ? 1 : 0;\n\n\t\t\t// Read the index components of the hash\n\t\t\tlet h = ( parseInt( bits[0], 10 ) - hashIndexBase ) || 0,\n\t\t\t\tv = ( parseInt( bits[1], 10 ) - hashIndexBase ) || 0,\n\t\t\t\tf;\n\n\t\t\tif( config.fragmentInURL ) {\n\t\t\t\tf = parseInt( bits[2], 10 );\n\t\t\t\tif( isNaN( f ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tf = undefined;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\treturn { h, v, f };\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// The hash couldn't be parsed or no matching named link was found\n\t\treturn null\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Reads the current URL (hash) and navigates accordingly.\n\t */\n\treadURL() {\n\n\t\tconst currentIndices = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\t\tconst newIndices = this.getIndicesFromHash();\n\n\t\tif( newIndices ) {\n\t\t\tif( ( newIndices.h !== currentIndices.h || newIndices.v !== currentIndices.v || newIndices.f !== undefined ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( newIndices.h, newIndices.v, newIndices.f );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\t// If no new indices are available, we're trying to navigate to\n\t\t// a slide hash that does not exist\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( currentIndices.h || 0, currentIndices.v || 0 );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Updates the page URL (hash) to reflect the current\n\t * state.\n\t *\n\t * @param {number} delay The time in ms to wait before\n\t * writing the hash\n\t */\n\twriteURL( delay ) {\n\n\t\tlet config = this.Reveal.getConfig();\n\t\tlet currentSlide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();\n\n\t\t// Make sure there's never more than one timeout running\n\t\tclearTimeout( this.writeURLTimeout );\n\n\t\t// If a delay is specified, timeout this call\n\t\tif( typeof delay === 'number' ) {\n\t\t\tthis.writeURLTimeout = setTimeout( this.writeURL, delay );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse if( currentSlide ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet hash = this.getHash();\n\n\t\t\t// If we're configured to push to history OR the history\n\t\t\t// API is not available.\n\t\t\tif( config.history ) {\n\t\t\t\twindow.location.hash = hash;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// If we're configured to reflect the current slide in the\n\t\t\t// URL without pushing to history.\n\t\t\telse if( config.hash ) {\n\t\t\t\t// If the hash is empty, don't add it to the URL\n\t\t\t\tif( hash === '/' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.debouncedReplaceState( window.location.pathname + window.location.search );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.debouncedReplaceState( '#' + hash );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// UPDATE: The below nuking of all hash changes breaks\n\t\t\t// anchors on pages where reveal.js is running. Removed\n\t\t\t// in 4.0. Why was it here in the first place? ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯\n\t\t\t//\n\t\t\t// If history and hash are both disabled, a hash may still\n\t\t\t// be added to the URL by clicking on a href with a hash\n\t\t\t// target. Counter this by always removing the hash.\n\t\t\t// else {\n\t\t\t// \twindow.history.replaceState( null, null, window.location.pathname + window.location.search );\n\t\t\t// }\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\treplaceState( url ) {\n\n\t\twindow.history.replaceState( null, null, url );\n\t\tthis.replaceStateTimestamp = Date.now();\n\n\t}\n\n\tdebouncedReplaceState( url ) {\n\n\t\tclearTimeout( this.replaceStateTimeout );\n\n\t\tif( Date.now() - this.replaceStateTimestamp > this.MAX_REPLACE_STATE_FREQUENCY ) {\n\t\t\tthis.replaceState( url );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.replaceStateTimeout = setTimeout( () => this.replaceState( url ), this.MAX_REPLACE_STATE_FREQUENCY );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Return a hash URL that will resolve to the given slide location.\n\t *\n\t * @param {HTMLElement} [slide=currentSlide] The slide to link to\n\t */\n\tgetHash( slide ) {\n\n\t\tlet url = '/';\n\n\t\t// Attempt to create a named link based on the slide's ID\n\t\tlet s = slide || this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();\n\t\tlet id = s ? s.getAttribute( 'id' ) : null;\n\t\tif( id ) {\n\t\t\tid = encodeURIComponent( id );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tlet index = this.Reveal.getIndices( slide );\n\t\tif( !this.Reveal.getConfig().fragmentInURL ) {\n\t\t\tindex.f = undefined;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// If the current slide has an ID, use that as a named link,\n\t\t// but we don't support named links with a fragment index\n\t\tif( typeof id === 'string' && id.length ) {\n\t\t\turl = '/' + id;\n\n\t\t\t// If there is also a fragment, append that at the end\n\t\t\t// of the named link, like: #/named-link/2\n\t\t\tif( index.f >= 0 ) url += '/' + index.f;\n\t\t}\n\t\t// Otherwise use the /h/v index\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tlet hashIndexBase = this.Reveal.getConfig().hashOneBasedIndex ? 1 : 0;\n\t\t\tif( index.h > 0 || index.v > 0 || index.f >= 0 ) url += index.h + hashIndexBase;\n\t\t\tif( index.v > 0 || index.f >= 0 ) url += '/' + (index.v + hashIndexBase );\n\t\t\tif( index.f >= 0 ) url += '/' + index.f;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn url;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Handler for the window level 'hashchange' event.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} [event]\n\t */\n\tonWindowHashChange( event ) {\n\n\t\tthis.readURL();\n\n\t}\n\n}","import { queryAll } from '../utils/util.js'\nimport { isAndroid } from '../utils/device.js'\n\n/**\n * Manages our presentation controls. This includes both\n * the built-in control arrows as well as event monitoring\n * of any elements within the presentation with either of the\n * following helper classes:\n * - .navigate-up\n * - .navigate-right\n * - .navigate-down\n * - .navigate-left\n * - .navigate-next\n * - .navigate-prev\n */\nexport default class Controls {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\tthis.onNavigateLeftClicked = this.onNavigateLeftClicked.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onNavigateRightClicked = this.onNavigateRightClicked.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onNavigateUpClicked = this.onNavigateUpClicked.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onNavigateDownClicked = this.onNavigateDownClicked.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onNavigatePrevClicked = this.onNavigatePrevClicked.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onNavigateNextClicked = this.onNavigateNextClicked.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\trender() {\n\n\t\tconst rtl = this.Reveal.getConfig().rtl;\n\t\tconst revealElement = this.Reveal.getRevealElement();\n\n\t\tthis.element = document.createElement( 'aside' );\n\t\tthis.element.className = 'controls';\n\t\tthis.element.innerHTML =\n\t\t\t`\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t`;\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().appendChild( this.element );\n\n\t\t// There can be multiple instances of controls throughout the page\n\t\tthis.controlsLeft = queryAll( revealElement, '.navigate-left' );\n\t\tthis.controlsRight = queryAll( revealElement, '.navigate-right' );\n\t\tthis.controlsUp = queryAll( revealElement, '.navigate-up' );\n\t\tthis.controlsDown = queryAll( revealElement, '.navigate-down' );\n\t\tthis.controlsPrev = queryAll( revealElement, '.navigate-prev' );\n\t\tthis.controlsNext = queryAll( revealElement, '.navigate-next' );\n\n\t\t// The left, right and down arrows in the standard reveal.js controls\n\t\tthis.controlsRightArrow = this.element.querySelector( '.navigate-right' );\n\t\tthis.controlsLeftArrow = this.element.querySelector( '.navigate-left' );\n\t\tthis.controlsDownArrow = this.element.querySelector( '.navigate-down' );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tthis.element.style.display = config.controls ? 'block' : 'none';\n\n\t\tthis.element.setAttribute( 'data-controls-layout', config.controlsLayout );\n\t\tthis.element.setAttribute( 'data-controls-back-arrows', config.controlsBackArrows );\n\n\t}\n\n\tbind() {\n\n\t\t// Listen to both touch and click events, in case the device\n\t\t// supports both\n\t\tlet pointerEvents = [ 'touchstart', 'click' ];\n\n\t\t// Only support touch for Android, fixes double navigations in\n\t\t// stock browser\n\t\tif( isAndroid ) {\n\t\t\tpointerEvents = [ 'touchstart' ];\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpointerEvents.forEach( eventName => {\n\t\t\tthis.controlsLeft.forEach( el => el.addEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateLeftClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsRight.forEach( el => el.addEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateRightClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsUp.forEach( el => el.addEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateUpClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsDown.forEach( el => el.addEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateDownClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsPrev.forEach( el => el.addEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigatePrevClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsNext.forEach( el => el.addEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateNextClicked, false ) );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\tunbind() {\n\n\t\t[ 'touchstart', 'click' ].forEach( eventName => {\n\t\t\tthis.controlsLeft.forEach( el => el.removeEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateLeftClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsRight.forEach( el => el.removeEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateRightClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsUp.forEach( el => el.removeEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateUpClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsDown.forEach( el => el.removeEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateDownClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsPrev.forEach( el => el.removeEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigatePrevClicked, false ) );\n\t\t\tthis.controlsNext.forEach( el => el.removeEventListener( eventName, this.onNavigateNextClicked, false ) );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Updates the state of all control/navigation arrows.\n\t */\n\tupdate() {\n\n\t\tlet routes = this.Reveal.availableRoutes();\n\n\t\t// Remove the 'enabled' class from all directions\n\t\t[...this.controlsLeft, ...this.controlsRight, ...this.controlsUp, ...this.controlsDown, ...this.controlsPrev, ...this.controlsNext].forEach( node => {\n\t\t\tnode.classList.remove( 'enabled', 'fragmented' );\n\n\t\t\t// Set 'disabled' attribute on all directions\n\t\t\tnode.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\t// Add the 'enabled' class to the available routes; remove 'disabled' attribute to enable buttons\n\t\tif( routes.left ) this.controlsLeft.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\tif( routes.right ) this.controlsRight.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\tif( routes.up ) this.controlsUp.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\tif( routes.down ) this.controlsDown.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\n\t\t// Prev/next buttons\n\t\tif( routes.left || routes.up ) this.controlsPrev.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\tif( routes.right || routes.down ) this.controlsNext.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\n\t\t// Highlight fragment directions\n\t\tlet currentSlide = this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();\n\t\tif( currentSlide ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet fragmentsRoutes = this.Reveal.fragments.availableRoutes();\n\n\t\t\t// Always apply fragment decorator to prev/next buttons\n\t\t\tif( fragmentsRoutes.prev ) this.controlsPrev.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'fragmented', 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\t\tif( fragmentsRoutes.next ) this.controlsNext.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'fragmented', 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\n\t\t\t// Apply fragment decorators to directional buttons based on\n\t\t\t// what slide axis they are in\n\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.isVerticalSlide( currentSlide ) ) {\n\t\t\t\tif( fragmentsRoutes.prev ) this.controlsUp.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'fragmented', 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\t\t\tif( fragmentsRoutes.next ) this.controlsDown.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'fragmented', 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tif( fragmentsRoutes.prev ) this.controlsLeft.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'fragmented', 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\t\t\tif( fragmentsRoutes.next ) this.controlsRight.forEach( el => { el.classList.add( 'fragmented', 'enabled' ); el.removeAttribute( 'disabled' ); } );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().controlsTutorial ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet indices = this.Reveal.getIndices();\n\n\t\t\t// Highlight control arrows with an animation to ensure\n\t\t\t// that the viewer knows how to navigate\n\t\t\tif( !this.Reveal.hasNavigatedVertically() && routes.down ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.controlsDownArrow.classList.add( 'highlight' );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tthis.controlsDownArrow.classList.remove( 'highlight' );\n\n\t\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().rtl ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( !this.Reveal.hasNavigatedHorizontally() && routes.left && indices.v === 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.controlsLeftArrow.classList.add( 'highlight' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.controlsLeftArrow.classList.remove( 'highlight' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( !this.Reveal.hasNavigatedHorizontally() && routes.right && indices.v === 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.controlsRightArrow.classList.add( 'highlight' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.controlsRightArrow.classList.remove( 'highlight' );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tthis.unbind();\n\t\tthis.element.remove();\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Event handlers for navigation control buttons.\n\t */\n\tonNavigateLeftClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput();\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().navigationMode === 'linear' ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev();\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.left();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tonNavigateRightClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput();\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().navigationMode === 'linear' ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next();\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.right();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tonNavigateUpClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput();\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.up();\n\n\t}\n\n\tonNavigateDownClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput();\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.down();\n\n\t}\n\n\tonNavigatePrevClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput();\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.prev();\n\n\t}\n\n\tonNavigateNextClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput();\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.next();\n\n\t}\n\n\n}","/**\n * Creates a visual progress bar for the presentation.\n */\nexport default class Progress {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\tthis.onProgressClicked = this.onProgressClicked.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\trender() {\n\n\t\tthis.element = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\tthis.element.className = 'progress';\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().appendChild( this.element );\n\n\t\tthis.bar = document.createElement( 'span' );\n\t\tthis.element.appendChild( this.bar );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tthis.element.style.display = config.progress ? 'block' : 'none';\n\n\t}\n\n\tbind() {\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().progress && this.element ) {\n\t\t\tthis.element.addEventListener( 'click', this.onProgressClicked, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tunbind() {\n\n\t\tif ( this.Reveal.getConfig().progress && this.element ) {\n\t\t\tthis.element.removeEventListener( 'click', this.onProgressClicked, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Updates the progress bar to reflect the current slide.\n\t */\n\tupdate() {\n\n\t\t// Update progress if enabled\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().progress && this.bar ) {\n\n\t\t\tlet scale = this.Reveal.getProgress();\n\n\t\t\t// Don't fill the progress bar if there's only one slide\n\t\t\tif( this.Reveal.getTotalSlides() < 2 ) {\n\t\t\t\tscale = 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tthis.bar.style.transform = 'scaleX('+ scale +')';\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tgetMaxWidth() {\n\n\t\treturn this.Reveal.getRevealElement().offsetWidth;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Clicking on the progress bar results in a navigation to the\n\t * closest approximate horizontal slide using this equation:\n\t *\n\t * ( clickX / presentationWidth ) * numberOfSlides\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonProgressClicked( event ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput( event );\n\n\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\n\t\tlet slides = this.Reveal.getSlides();\n\t\tlet slidesTotal = slides.length;\n\t\tlet slideIndex = Math.floor( ( event.clientX / this.getMaxWidth() ) * slidesTotal );\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().rtl ) {\n\t\t\tslideIndex = slidesTotal - slideIndex;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tlet targetIndices = this.Reveal.getIndices(slides[slideIndex]);\n\t\tthis.Reveal.slide( targetIndices.h, targetIndices.v );\n\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tthis.element.remove();\n\n\t}\n\n}","/**\n * Handles hiding of the pointer/cursor when inactive.\n */\nexport default class Pointer {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\t// Throttles mouse wheel navigation\n\t\tthis.lastMouseWheelStep = 0;\n\n\t\t// Is the mouse pointer currently hidden from view\n\t\tthis.cursorHidden = false;\n\n\t\t// Timeout used to determine when the cursor is inactive\n\t\tthis.cursorInactiveTimeout = 0;\n\n\t\tthis.onDocumentCursorActive = this.onDocumentCursorActive.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onDocumentMouseScroll = this.onDocumentMouseScroll.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tif( config.mouseWheel ) {\n\t\t\tdocument.addEventListener( 'DOMMouseScroll', this.onDocumentMouseScroll, false ); // FF\n\t\t\tdocument.addEventListener( 'mousewheel', this.onDocumentMouseScroll, false );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'DOMMouseScroll', this.onDocumentMouseScroll, false ); // FF\n\t\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'mousewheel', this.onDocumentMouseScroll, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Auto-hide the mouse pointer when its inactive\n\t\tif( config.hideInactiveCursor ) {\n\t\t\tdocument.addEventListener( 'mousemove', this.onDocumentCursorActive, false );\n\t\t\tdocument.addEventListener( 'mousedown', this.onDocumentCursorActive, false );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.showCursor();\n\n\t\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'mousemove', this.onDocumentCursorActive, false );\n\t\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'mousedown', this.onDocumentCursorActive, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Shows the mouse pointer after it has been hidden with\n\t * #hideCursor.\n\t */\n\tshowCursor() {\n\n\t\tif( this.cursorHidden ) {\n\t\t\tthis.cursorHidden = false;\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().style.cursor = '';\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Hides the mouse pointer when it's on top of the .reveal\n\t * container.\n\t */\n\thideCursor() {\n\n\t\tif( this.cursorHidden === false ) {\n\t\t\tthis.cursorHidden = true;\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().style.cursor = 'none';\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tthis.showCursor();\n\n\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'DOMMouseScroll', this.onDocumentMouseScroll, false );\n\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'mousewheel', this.onDocumentMouseScroll, false );\n\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'mousemove', this.onDocumentCursorActive, false );\n\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'mousedown', this.onDocumentCursorActive, false );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called whenever there is mouse input at the document level\n\t * to determine if the cursor is active or not.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonDocumentCursorActive( event ) {\n\n\t\tthis.showCursor();\n\n\t\tclearTimeout( this.cursorInactiveTimeout );\n\n\t\tthis.cursorInactiveTimeout = setTimeout( this.hideCursor.bind( this ), this.Reveal.getConfig().hideCursorTime );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Handles mouse wheel scrolling, throttled to avoid skipping\n\t * multiple slides.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonDocumentMouseScroll( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( Date.now() - this.lastMouseWheelStep > 1000 ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.lastMouseWheelStep = Date.now();\n\n\t\t\tlet delta = event.detail || -event.wheelDelta;\n\t\t\tif( delta > 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next();\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse if( delta < 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev();\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n}","/**\n * Loads a JavaScript file from the given URL and executes it.\n *\n * @param {string} url Address of the .js file to load\n * @param {function} callback Method to invoke when the script\n * has loaded and executed\n */\nexport const loadScript = ( url, callback ) => {\n\n\tconst script = document.createElement( 'script' );\n\tscript.type = 'text/javascript';\n\tscript.async = false;\n\tscript.defer = false;\n\tscript.src = url;\n\n\tif( typeof callback === 'function' ) {\n\n\t\t// Success callback\n\t\tscript.onload = script.onreadystatechange = event => {\n\t\t\tif( event.type === 'load' || /loaded|complete/.test( script.readyState ) ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t// Kill event listeners\n\t\t\t\tscript.onload = script.onreadystatechange = script.onerror = null;\n\n\t\t\t\tcallback();\n\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t};\n\n\t\t// Error callback\n\t\tscript.onerror = err => {\n\n\t\t\t// Kill event listeners\n\t\t\tscript.onload = script.onreadystatechange = script.onerror = null;\n\n\t\t\tcallback( new Error( 'Failed loading script: ' + script.src + '\\n' + err ) );\n\n\t\t};\n\n\t}\n\n\t// Append the script at the end of \n\tconst head = document.querySelector( 'head' );\n\thead.insertBefore( script, head.lastChild );\n\n}","import { loadScript } from '../utils/loader.js'\n\n/**\n * Manages loading and registering of reveal.js plugins.\n */\nexport default class Plugins {\n\n\tconstructor( reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = reveal;\n\n\t\t// Flags our current state (idle -> loading -> loaded)\n\t\tthis.state = 'idle';\n\n\t\t// An id:instance map of currently registered plugins\n\t\tthis.registeredPlugins = {};\n\n\t\tthis.asyncDependencies = [];\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Loads reveal.js dependencies, registers and\n\t * initializes plugins.\n\t *\n\t * Plugins are direct references to a reveal.js plugin\n\t * object that we register and initialize after any\n\t * synchronous dependencies have loaded.\n\t *\n\t * Dependencies are defined via the 'dependencies' config\n\t * option and will be loaded prior to starting reveal.js.\n\t * Some dependencies may have an 'async' flag, if so they\n\t * will load after reveal.js has been started up.\n\t */\n\tload( plugins, dependencies ) {\n\n\t\tthis.state = 'loading';\n\n\t\tplugins.forEach( this.registerPlugin.bind( this ) );\n\n\t\treturn new Promise( resolve => {\n\n\t\t\tlet scripts = [],\n\t\t\t\tscriptsToLoad = 0;\n\n\t\t\tdependencies.forEach( s => {\n\t\t\t\t// Load if there's no condition or the condition is truthy\n\t\t\t\tif( !s.condition || s.condition() ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( s.async ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.asyncDependencies.push( s );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tscripts.push( s );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\tif( scripts.length ) {\n\t\t\t\tscriptsToLoad = scripts.length;\n\n\t\t\t\tconst scriptLoadedCallback = (s) => {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( s && typeof s.callback === 'function' ) s.callback();\n\n\t\t\t\t\tif( --scriptsToLoad === 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.initPlugins().then( resolve );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\t\t// Load synchronous scripts\n\t\t\t\tscripts.forEach( s => {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof s.id === 'string' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.registerPlugin( s );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tscriptLoadedCallback( s );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse if( typeof s.src === 'string' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tloadScript( s.src, () => scriptLoadedCallback(s) );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tconsole.warn( 'Unrecognized plugin format', s );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tscriptLoadedCallback();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\tthis.initPlugins().then( resolve );\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t} );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Initializes our plugins and waits for them to be ready\n\t * before proceeding.\n\t */\n\tinitPlugins() {\n\n\t\treturn new Promise( resolve => {\n\n\t\t\tlet pluginValues = Object.values( this.registeredPlugins );\n\t\t\tlet pluginsToInitialize = pluginValues.length;\n\n\t\t\t// If there are no plugins, skip this step\n\t\t\tif( pluginsToInitialize === 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\tthis.loadAsync().then( resolve );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// ... otherwise initialize plugins\n\t\t\telse {\n\n\t\t\t\tlet initNextPlugin;\n\n\t\t\t\tlet afterPlugInitialized = () => {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( --pluginsToInitialize === 0 ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.loadAsync().then( resolve );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tinitNextPlugin();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t};\n\n\t\t\t\tlet i = 0;\n\n\t\t\t\t// Initialize plugins serially\n\t\t\t\tinitNextPlugin = () => {\n\n\t\t\t\t\tlet plugin = pluginValues[i++];\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// If the plugin has an 'init' method, invoke it\n\t\t\t\t\tif( typeof plugin.init === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tlet promise = plugin.init( this.Reveal );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// If the plugin returned a Promise, wait for it\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( promise && typeof promise.then === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpromise.then( afterPlugInitialized );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tafterPlugInitialized();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tafterPlugInitialized();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tinitNextPlugin();\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t} )\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Loads all async reveal.js dependencies.\n\t */\n\tloadAsync() {\n\n\t\tthis.state = 'loaded';\n\n\t\tif( this.asyncDependencies.length ) {\n\t\t\tthis.asyncDependencies.forEach( s => {\n\t\t\t\tloadScript( s.src, s.callback );\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn Promise.resolve();\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Registers a new plugin with this reveal.js instance.\n\t *\n\t * reveal.js waits for all registered plugins to initialize\n\t * before considering itself ready, as long as the plugin\n\t * is registered before calling `Reveal.initialize()`.\n\t */\n\tregisterPlugin( plugin ) {\n\n\t\t// Backwards compatibility to make reveal.js ~3.9.0\n\t\t// plugins work with reveal.js 4.0.0\n\t\tif( arguments.length === 2 && typeof arguments[0] === 'string' ) {\n\t\t\tplugin = arguments[1];\n\t\t\tplugin.id = arguments[0];\n\t\t}\n\t\t// Plugin can optionally be a function which we call\n\t\t// to create an instance of the plugin\n\t\telse if( typeof plugin === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\tplugin = plugin();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tlet id = plugin.id;\n\n\t\tif( typeof id !== 'string' ) {\n\t\t\tconsole.warn( 'Unrecognized plugin format; can\\'t find plugin.id', plugin );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse if( this.registeredPlugins[id] === undefined ) {\n\t\t\tthis.registeredPlugins[id] = plugin;\n\n\t\t\t// If a plugin is registered after reveal.js is loaded,\n\t\t\t// initialize it right away\n\t\t\tif( this.state === 'loaded' && typeof plugin.init === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\tplugin.init( this.Reveal );\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tconsole.warn( 'reveal.js: \"'+ id +'\" plugin has already been registered' );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Checks if a specific plugin has been registered.\n\t *\n\t * @param {String} id Unique plugin identifier\n\t */\n\thasPlugin( id ) {\n\n\t\treturn !!this.registeredPlugins[id];\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Returns the specific plugin instance, if a plugin\n\t * with the given ID has been registered.\n\t *\n\t * @param {String} id Unique plugin identifier\n\t */\n\tgetPlugin( id ) {\n\n\t\treturn this.registeredPlugins[id];\n\n\t}\n\n\tgetRegisteredPlugins() {\n\n\t\treturn this.registeredPlugins;\n\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tObject.values( this.registeredPlugins ).forEach( plugin => {\n\t\t\tif( typeof plugin.destroy === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\t\tplugin.destroy();\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t} );\n\n\t\tthis.registeredPlugins = {};\n\t\tthis.asyncDependencies = [];\n\n\t}\n\n}\n","import { SLIDES_SELECTOR } from '../utils/constants.js'\nimport { queryAll, createStyleSheet } from '../utils/util.js'\n\n/**\n * Setups up our presentation for printing/exporting to PDF.\n */\nexport default class Print {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Configures the presentation for printing to a static\n\t * PDF.\n\t */\n\tasync setupPDF() {\n\n\t\tconst config = this.Reveal.getConfig();\n\t\tconst slides = queryAll( this.Reveal.getRevealElement(), SLIDES_SELECTOR )\n\n\t\t// Compute slide numbers now, before we start duplicating slides\n\t\tconst injectPageNumbers = config.slideNumber && /all|print/i.test( config.showSlideNumber );\n\n\t\tconst slideSize = this.Reveal.getComputedSlideSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );\n\n\t\t// Dimensions of the PDF pages\n\t\tconst pageWidth = Math.floor( slideSize.width * ( 1 + config.margin ) ),\n\t\t\tpageHeight = Math.floor( slideSize.height * ( 1 + config.margin ) );\n\n\t\t// Dimensions of slides within the pages\n\t\tconst slideWidth = slideSize.width,\n\t\t\tslideHeight = slideSize.height;\n\n\t\tawait new Promise( requestAnimationFrame );\n\n\t\t// Let the browser know what page size we want to print\n\t\tcreateStyleSheet( '@page{size:'+ pageWidth +'px '+ pageHeight +'px; margin: 0px;}' );\n\n\t\t// Limit the size of certain elements to the dimensions of the slide\n\t\tcreateStyleSheet( '.reveal section>img, .reveal section>video, .reveal section>iframe{max-width: '+ slideWidth +'px; max-height:'+ slideHeight +'px}' );\n\n\t\tdocument.documentElement.classList.add( 'print-pdf' );\n\t\tdocument.body.style.width = pageWidth + 'px';\n\t\tdocument.body.style.height = pageHeight + 'px';\n\n\t\tconst viewportElement = document.querySelector( '.reveal-viewport' );\n\t\tlet presentationBackground;\n\t\tif( viewportElement ) {\n\t\t\tconst viewportStyles = window.getComputedStyle( viewportElement );\n\t\t\tif( viewportStyles && viewportStyles.background ) {\n\t\t\t\tpresentationBackground = viewportStyles.background;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t// Make sure stretch elements fit on slide\n\t\tawait new Promise( requestAnimationFrame );\n\t\tthis.Reveal.layoutSlideContents( slideWidth, slideHeight );\n\n\t\t// Batch scrollHeight access to prevent layout thrashing\n\t\tawait new Promise( requestAnimationFrame );\n\n\t\tconst slideScrollHeights = slides.map( slide => slide.scrollHeight );\n\n\t\tconst pages = [];\n\t\tconst pageContainer = slides[0].parentNode;\n\t\tlet slideNumber = 1;\n\n\t\t// Slide and slide background layout\n\t\tslides.forEach( function( slide, index ) {\n\n\t\t\t// Vertical stacks are not centred since their section\n\t\t\t// children will be\n\t\t\tif( slide.classList.contains( 'stack' ) === false ) {\n\t\t\t\t// Center the slide inside of the page, giving the slide some margin\n\t\t\t\tlet left = ( pageWidth - slideWidth ) / 2;\n\t\t\t\tlet top = ( pageHeight - slideHeight ) / 2;\n\n\t\t\t\tconst contentHeight = slideScrollHeights[ index ];\n\t\t\t\tlet numberOfPages = Math.max( Math.ceil( contentHeight / pageHeight ), 1 );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Adhere to configured pages per slide limit\n\t\t\t\tnumberOfPages = Math.min( numberOfPages, config.pdfMaxPagesPerSlide );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Center slides vertically\n\t\t\t\tif( numberOfPages === 1 && config.center || slide.classList.contains( 'center' ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\ttop = Math.max( ( pageHeight - contentHeight ) / 2, 0 );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Wrap the slide in a page element and hide its overflow\n\t\t\t\t// so that no page ever flows onto another\n\t\t\t\tconst page = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\t\t\tpages.push( page );\n\n\t\t\t\tpage.className = 'pdf-page';\n\t\t\t\tpage.style.height = ( ( pageHeight + config.pdfPageHeightOffset ) * numberOfPages ) + 'px';\n\n\t\t\t\t// Copy the presentation-wide background to each individual\n\t\t\t\t// page when printing\n\t\t\t\tif( presentationBackground ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tpage.style.background = presentationBackground;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tpage.appendChild( slide );\n\n\t\t\t\t// Position the slide inside of the page\n\t\t\t\tslide.style.left = left + 'px';\n\t\t\t\tslide.style.top = top + 'px';\n\t\t\t\tslide.style.width = slideWidth + 'px';\n\n\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.slideContent.layout( slide );\n\n\t\t\t\tif( slide.slideBackgroundElement ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tpage.insertBefore( slide.slideBackgroundElement, slide );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Inject notes if `showNotes` is enabled\n\t\t\t\tif( config.showNotes ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Are there notes for this slide?\n\t\t\t\t\tconst notes = this.Reveal.getSlideNotes( slide );\n\t\t\t\t\tif( notes ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tconst notesSpacing = 8;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tconst notesLayout = typeof config.showNotes === 'string' ? config.showNotes : 'inline';\n\t\t\t\t\t\tconst notesElement = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnotesElement.classList.add( 'speaker-notes' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnotesElement.classList.add( 'speaker-notes-pdf' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnotesElement.setAttribute( 'data-layout', notesLayout );\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnotesElement.innerHTML = notes;\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( notesLayout === 'separate-page' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpages.push( notesElement );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnotesElement.style.left = notesSpacing + 'px';\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnotesElement.style.bottom = notesSpacing + 'px';\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnotesElement.style.width = ( pageWidth - notesSpacing*2 ) + 'px';\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpage.appendChild( notesElement );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Inject page numbers if `slideNumbers` are enabled\n\t\t\t\tif( injectPageNumbers ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst numberElement = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\t\t\t\tnumberElement.classList.add( 'slide-number' );\n\t\t\t\t\tnumberElement.classList.add( 'slide-number-pdf' );\n\t\t\t\t\tnumberElement.innerHTML = slideNumber++;\n\t\t\t\t\tpage.appendChild( numberElement );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// Copy page and show fragments one after another\n\t\t\t\tif( config.pdfSeparateFragments ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Each fragment 'group' is an array containing one or more\n\t\t\t\t\t// fragments. Multiple fragments that appear at the same time\n\t\t\t\t\t// are part of the same group.\n\t\t\t\t\tconst fragmentGroups = this.Reveal.fragments.sort( page.querySelectorAll( '.fragment' ), true );\n\n\t\t\t\t\tlet previousFragmentStep;\n\n\t\t\t\t\tfragmentGroups.forEach( function( fragments, index ) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Remove 'current-fragment' from the previous group\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( previousFragmentStep ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpreviousFragmentStep.forEach( function( fragment ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfragment.classList.remove( 'current-fragment' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Show the fragments for the current index\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfragments.forEach( function( fragment ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfragment.classList.add( 'visible', 'current-fragment' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}, this );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Create a separate page for the current fragment state\n\t\t\t\t\t\tconst clonedPage = page.cloneNode( true );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// Inject unique page numbers for fragments\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( injectPageNumbers ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tconst numberElement = clonedPage.querySelector( '.slide-number-pdf' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tconst fragmentNumber = index + 1;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnumberElement.innerHTML += '.' + fragmentNumber;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpages.push( clonedPage );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpreviousFragmentStep = fragments;\n\n\t\t\t\t\t}, this );\n\n\t\t\t\t\t// Reset the first/original page so that all fragments are hidden\n\t\t\t\t\tfragmentGroups.forEach( function( fragments ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfragments.forEach( function( fragment ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfragment.classList.remove( 'visible', 'current-fragment' );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t// Show all fragments\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tqueryAll( page, '.fragment:not(.fade-out)' ).forEach( function( fragment ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfragment.classList.add( 'visible' );\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t}, this );\n\n\t\tawait new Promise( requestAnimationFrame );\n\n\t\tpages.forEach( page => pageContainer.appendChild( page ) );\n\n\t\t// Re-run JS-based content layout after the slide is added to page DOM\n\t\tthis.Reveal.slideContent.layout( this.Reveal.getSlidesElement() );\n\n\t\t// Notify subscribers that the PDF layout is good to go\n\t\tthis.Reveal.dispatchEvent({ type: 'pdf-ready' });\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Checks if this instance is being used to print a PDF.\n\t */\n\tisPrintingPDF() {\n\n\t\treturn ( /print-pdf/gi ).test( window.location.search );\n\n\t}\n\n}\n","import { isAndroid } from '../utils/device.js'\nimport { matches } from '../utils/util.js'\n\nconst SWIPE_THRESHOLD = 40;\n\n/**\n * Controls all touch interactions and navigations for\n * a presentation.\n */\nexport default class Touch {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\t// Holds information about the currently ongoing touch interaction\n\t\tthis.touchStartX = 0;\n\t\tthis.touchStartY = 0;\n\t\tthis.touchStartCount = 0;\n\t\tthis.touchCaptured = false;\n\n\t\tthis.onPointerDown = this.onPointerDown.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onPointerMove = this.onPointerMove.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onPointerUp = this.onPointerUp.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onTouchStart = this.onTouchStart.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onTouchMove = this.onTouchMove.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onTouchEnd = this.onTouchEnd.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t *\n\t */\n\tbind() {\n\n\t\tlet revealElement = this.Reveal.getRevealElement();\n\n\t\tif( 'onpointerdown' in window ) {\n\t\t\t// Use W3C pointer events\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.onPointerDown, false );\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'pointermove', this.onPointerMove, false );\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'pointerup', this.onPointerUp, false );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse if( window.navigator.msPointerEnabled ) {\n\t\t\t// IE 10 uses prefixed version of pointer events\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'MSPointerDown', this.onPointerDown, false );\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'MSPointerMove', this.onPointerMove, false );\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'MSPointerUp', this.onPointerUp, false );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\t// Fall back to touch events\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'touchstart', this.onTouchStart, false );\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'touchmove', this.onTouchMove, false );\n\t\t\trevealElement.addEventListener( 'touchend', this.onTouchEnd, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t *\n\t */\n\tunbind() {\n\n\t\tlet revealElement = this.Reveal.getRevealElement();\n\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.onPointerDown, false );\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this.onPointerMove, false );\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'pointerup', this.onPointerUp, false );\n\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'MSPointerDown', this.onPointerDown, false );\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'MSPointerMove', this.onPointerMove, false );\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'MSPointerUp', this.onPointerUp, false );\n\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'touchstart', this.onTouchStart, false );\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'touchmove', this.onTouchMove, false );\n\t\trevealElement.removeEventListener( 'touchend', this.onTouchEnd, false );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Checks if the target element prevents the triggering of\n\t * swipe navigation.\n\t */\n\tisSwipePrevented( target ) {\n\n\t\t// Prevent accidental swipes when scrubbing timelines\n\t\tif( matches( target, 'video, audio' ) ) return true;\n\n\t\twhile( target && typeof target.hasAttribute === 'function' ) {\n\t\t\tif( target.hasAttribute( 'data-prevent-swipe' ) ) return true;\n\t\t\ttarget = target.parentNode;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\treturn false;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Handler for the 'touchstart' event, enables support for\n\t * swipe and pinch gestures.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonTouchStart( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( this.isSwipePrevented( event.target ) ) return true;\n\n\t\tthis.touchStartX = event.touches[0].clientX;\n\t\tthis.touchStartY = event.touches[0].clientY;\n\t\tthis.touchStartCount = event.touches.length;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Handler for the 'touchmove' event.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonTouchMove( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( this.isSwipePrevented( event.target ) ) return true;\n\n\t\tlet config = this.Reveal.getConfig();\n\n\t\t// Each touch should only trigger one action\n\t\tif( !this.touchCaptured ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.onUserInput( event );\n\n\t\t\tlet currentX = event.touches[0].clientX;\n\t\t\tlet currentY = event.touches[0].clientY;\n\n\t\t\t// There was only one touch point, look for a swipe\n\t\t\tif( event.touches.length === 1 && this.touchStartCount !== 2 ) {\n\n\t\t\t\tlet availableRoutes = this.Reveal.availableRoutes({ includeFragments: true });\n\n\t\t\t\tlet deltaX = currentX - this.touchStartX,\n\t\t\t\t\tdeltaY = currentY - this.touchStartY;\n\n\t\t\t\tif( deltaX > SWIPE_THRESHOLD && Math.abs( deltaX ) > Math.abs( deltaY ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.touchCaptured = true;\n\t\t\t\t\tif( config.navigationMode === 'linear' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( config.rtl ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.left();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if( deltaX < -SWIPE_THRESHOLD && Math.abs( deltaX ) > Math.abs( deltaY ) ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.touchCaptured = true;\n\t\t\t\t\tif( config.navigationMode === 'linear' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif( config.rtl ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.right();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if( deltaY > SWIPE_THRESHOLD && availableRoutes.up ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.touchCaptured = true;\n\t\t\t\t\tif( config.navigationMode === 'linear' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.prev();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.up();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\telse if( deltaY < -SWIPE_THRESHOLD && availableRoutes.down ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.touchCaptured = true;\n\t\t\t\t\tif( config.navigationMode === 'linear' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.next();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis.Reveal.down();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// If we're embedded, only block touch events if they have\n\t\t\t\t// triggered an action\n\t\t\t\tif( config.embedded ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif( this.touchCaptured || this.Reveal.isVerticalSlide() ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t// Not embedded? Block them all to avoid needless tossing\n\t\t\t\t// around of the viewport in iOS\n\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\t// There's a bug with swiping on some Android devices unless\n\t\t// the default action is always prevented\n\t\telse if( isAndroid ) {\n\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Handler for the 'touchend' event.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonTouchEnd( event ) {\n\n\t\tthis.touchCaptured = false;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Convert pointer down to touch start.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonPointerDown( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( event.pointerType === event.MSPOINTER_TYPE_TOUCH || event.pointerType === \"touch\" ) {\n\t\t\tevent.touches = [{ clientX: event.clientX, clientY: event.clientY }];\n\t\t\tthis.onTouchStart( event );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Convert pointer move to touch move.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonPointerMove( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( event.pointerType === event.MSPOINTER_TYPE_TOUCH || event.pointerType === \"touch\" ) {\n\t\t\tevent.touches = [{ clientX: event.clientX, clientY: event.clientY }];\n\t\t\tthis.onTouchMove( event );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Convert pointer up to touch end.\n\t *\n\t * @param {object} event\n\t */\n\tonPointerUp( event ) {\n\n\t\tif( event.pointerType === event.MSPOINTER_TYPE_TOUCH || event.pointerType === \"touch\" ) {\n\t\t\tevent.touches = [{ clientX: event.clientX, clientY: event.clientY }];\n\t\t\tthis.onTouchEnd( event );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n}","import { closest } from '../utils/util.js'\n\n/**\n * Manages focus when a presentation is embedded. This\n * helps us only capture keyboard from the presentation\n * a user is currently interacting with in a page where\n * multiple presentations are embedded.\n */\n\nconst STATE_FOCUS = 'focus';\nconst STATE_BLUR = 'blur';\n\nexport default class Focus {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t\tthis.onRevealPointerDown = this.onRevealPointerDown.bind( this );\n\t\tthis.onDocumentPointerDown = this.onDocumentPointerDown.bind( this );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tif( config.embedded ) {\n\t\t\tthis.blur();\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.focus();\n\t\t\tthis.unbind();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tbind() {\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().embedded ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().addEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.onRevealPointerDown, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\tunbind() {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.onRevealPointerDown, false );\n\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.onDocumentPointerDown, false );\n\n\t}\n\n\tfocus() {\n\n\t\tif( this.state !== STATE_FOCUS ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.add( 'focused' );\n\t\t\tdocument.addEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.onDocumentPointerDown, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tthis.state = STATE_FOCUS;\n\n\t}\n\n\tblur() {\n\n\t\tif( this.state !== STATE_BLUR ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove( 'focused' );\n\t\t\tdocument.removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.onDocumentPointerDown, false );\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tthis.state = STATE_BLUR;\n\n\t}\n\n\tisFocused() {\n\n\t\treturn this.state === STATE_FOCUS;\n\n\t}\n\n\tdestroy() {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove( 'focused' );\n\n\t}\n\n\tonRevealPointerDown( event ) {\n\n\t\tthis.focus();\n\n\t}\n\n\tonDocumentPointerDown( event ) {\n\n\t\tlet revealElement = closest( event.target, '.reveal' );\n\t\tif( !revealElement || revealElement !== this.Reveal.getRevealElement() ) {\n\t\t\tthis.blur();\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n}","/**\n * Handles the showing of speaker notes\n */\nexport default class Notes {\n\n\tconstructor( Reveal ) {\n\n\t\tthis.Reveal = Reveal;\n\n\t}\n\n\trender() {\n\n\t\tthis.element = document.createElement( 'div' );\n\t\tthis.element.className = 'speaker-notes';\n\t\tthis.element.setAttribute( 'data-prevent-swipe', '' );\n\t\tthis.element.setAttribute( 'tabindex', '0' );\n\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().appendChild( this.element );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Called when the reveal.js config is updated.\n\t */\n\tconfigure( config, oldConfig ) {\n\n\t\tif( config.showNotes ) {\n\t\t\tthis.element.setAttribute( 'data-layout', typeof config.showNotes === 'string' ? config.showNotes : 'inline' );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Pick up notes from the current slide and display them\n\t * to the viewer.\n\t *\n\t * @see {@link config.showNotes}\n\t */\n\tupdate() {\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().showNotes && this.element && this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide() && !this.Reveal.print.isPrintingPDF() ) {\n\n\t\t\tthis.element.innerHTML = this.getSlideNotes() || 'No notes on this slide.';\n\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Updates the visibility of the speaker notes sidebar that\n\t * is used to share annotated slides. The notes sidebar is\n\t * only visible if showNotes is true and there are notes on\n\t * one or more slides in the deck.\n\t */\n\tupdateVisibility() {\n\n\t\tif( this.Reveal.getConfig().showNotes && this.hasNotes() && !this.Reveal.print.isPrintingPDF() ) {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.add( 'show-notes' );\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tthis.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove( 'show-notes' );\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Checks if there are speaker notes for ANY slide in the\n\t * presentation.\n\t */\n\thasNotes() {\n\n\t\treturn this.Reveal.getSlidesElement().querySelectorAll( '[data-notes], aside.notes' ).length > 0;\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Checks if this presentation is running inside of the\n\t * speaker notes window.\n\t *\n\t * @return {boolean}\n\t */\n\tisSpeakerNotesWindow() {\n\n\t\treturn !!window.location.search.match( /receiver/gi );\n\n\t}\n\n\t/**\n\t * Retrieves the speaker notes from a slide. Notes can be\n\t * defined in two ways:\n\t * 1. As a data-notes attribute on the slide
\n\t * 2. With