docs: [FC-0074] add details for illustrating how events work

[mariajgrimaldi]

Description

This PR:

1. Attaches a diagram of how filters work to illustrate better the steps introduced in docs: [FC-0074] add more detailed concepts on events #406.
2. Improves wording in how events work sections and glossary.
3. Include more examples to better illustrate behavior.

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[sarina]

This looks good, I have two comments:

do_something() method isn't explained in the following steps, so it would be good to indicate what this call means.

should this be send_event() to match the steps that follow the diagram?

[mariajgrimaldi]

I'm sorry, this still needs work so I'm turning it into draft.

EDIT: It didn't took me that long!

[sarina]

Do you want to reference the doc here using a :ref: directive?

[mariajgrimaldi]

I used :doc: instead, does that work?

[sarina]

John Swope told me that :ref: is better, but I think :doc: is reasonable (:ref: works if the doc filepath changes, but :doc: works if the title of the doc or the reference string changes, so, they both have drawbacks)

[sarina]

Merge away!