diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a7ad4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+insert_final_newline = true
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+[src/test*/java/**.java]
+indent_size = 4
+ij_continuation_indent_size = 2
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependency.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependency.java
index 9869747..dc36297 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependency.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependency.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 @Value
 @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
-public class RemoveDependency extends Recipe {
+public class RemoveDependency extends Recipe { // TODO Extend ScanningRecipe instead
     @Option(displayName = "Group ID",
             description = "The first part of a dependency coordinate `com.google.guava:guava:VERSION`. This can be a glob expression.",
             example = "com.fasterxml.jackson*")
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ public class RemoveDependency extends Recipe {
             example = "jackson-module*")
     String artifactId;
 
-    @Option(displayName = "Unless using", description = "If a dependency is used in the code, do not remove it.")
+    @Option(displayName = "Unless using", description = "If a dependency is used in the code, do not remove it.", example = "org.aspectj.lang.*")
     @Nullable
-    Boolean unlessUsing;
+    String unlessUsing;
 
     // Gradle only parameter
     @Option(displayName = "The dependency configuration", description = "The dependency configuration to remove from.", example = "api", required = false)
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public String getDescription() {
     public RemoveDependency(
             String groupId,
             String artifactId,
-            @Nullable Boolean unlessUsing,
+            @Nullable String unlessUsing,
             @Nullable String configuration,
             @Nullable String scope) {
         this.groupId = groupId;
@@ -88,12 +88,15 @@ public RemoveDependency(
         removeMavenDependency = new org.openrewrite.maven.RemoveDependency(groupId, artifactId, scope);
     }
 
+    // TODO Provide a scanner that looks across java sources to see if `unlessUsing` is used
+    // Optionally look for use in the correct scope and submodule, but for do-no-harm v1 can skip that for now
+
+
+    // TODO remove this method, and instead override getVisitor, as the scanning condition is not evaluated for getRecipeList
     @Override
     public List<Recipe> getRecipeList() {
-        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(unlessUsing)) {
-            // logic to check if code uses the lib, if so ->
-            return emptyList();
-        }
         return Arrays.asList(removeGradleDependency, removeMavenDependency);
     }
+
+    // TODO override getVisitor that only calls out to removeGradleDependency or removeMavenDependency if the scanning condition is met
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/.editorconfig b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/.editorconfig
deleted file mode 100644
index a482493..0000000
--- a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/.editorconfig
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-root = true
-
-[*.java]
-indent_size = 4
-ij_continuation_indent_size = 2
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependencyTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependencyTest.java
index d668cab..e84f84d 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependencyTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/dependencies/RemoveDependencyTest.java
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.openrewrite.DocumentExample;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaParser;
 import org.openrewrite.test.RewriteTest;
 
 import static org.openrewrite.gradle.Assertions.buildGradle;
 import static org.openrewrite.gradle.toolingapi.Assertions.withToolingApi;
+import static org.openrewrite.java.Assertions.*;
 import static org.openrewrite.maven.Assertions.pomXml;
 
 class RemoveDependencyTest implements RewriteTest {
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ class RemoveDependencyTest implements RewriteTest {
     void removeGradleDependencyUsingStringNotationWithExclusion() {
         rewriteRun(
           spec -> spec.beforeRecipe(withToolingApi())
-            .recipe(new RemoveDependency("org.springframework.boot", "spring-boot*", false, null, null)),
+            .recipe(new RemoveDependency("org.springframework.boot", "spring-boot*", null, null, null)),
           //language=groovy
           buildGradle(
             """
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ void removeGradleDependencyUsingStringNotationWithExclusion() {
     @Test
     void removeMavenDependency() {
         rewriteRun(
-          spec -> spec.recipe(new RemoveDependency("junit", "junit", false, null, null)),
+          spec -> spec.recipe(new RemoveDependency("junit", "junit", null, null, null)),
           //language=xml
           pomXml(
             """
@@ -118,28 +120,58 @@ void removeMavenDependency() {
     }
 
     @Test
-    void doNotRemoveDependencyIfItIsUsedAndUnlessUsingIsTrue() {
+    void doNotRemoveIfInUse() {
         rewriteRun(
-          spec -> spec.beforeRecipe(withToolingApi())
-            .recipe(new RemoveDependency("org.springframework.boot", "spring-boot*", true, null, null)),
-          //language=groovy
-          buildGradle(
-            """
-              plugins {
-                  id 'java-library'
-              }
-              
-              repositories {
-                  mavenCentral()
-              }
+          spec -> spec
+            .parser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion().dependsOn(
+              //language=java
+              """
+                package org.aspectj.lang.annotation;
 
-              dependencies {
-                  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:2.7.0") {
-                      exclude group: "junit"
+                import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+                import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+                import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+                import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+                @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+                @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+                public @interface Aspect {
+                }
+                """
+            ))
+            .recipe(new RemoveDependency("org.aspectj", "aspectjrt", "org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*", null, null)),
+          mavenProject("example",
+            //language=java
+            srcMainJava(
+              java(
+                """
+                  import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
+                  @Aspect
+                  class MyLoggingInterceptor {
                   }
-                  testImplementation "org.junit.vintage:junit-vintage-engine:5.6.2"
-              }
+                  """
+              )
+            ),
+            //language=xml
+            pomXml(
               """
+                <project>
+                  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+                  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
+                  <version>1</version>
+
+                  <dependencies>
+                    <dependency>
+                      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
+                      <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
+                      <version>1.9.22.1</version>
+                    </dependency>
+                  </dependencies>
+                </project>
+                """
+            )
           )
         );
     }