diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java
index 0a14268d..e7966c9b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java
@@ -93,6 +93,11 @@ public JS.TemplateExpression.Value visitTemplateExpressionValue(JS.TemplateExpre
         return (JS.TemplateExpression.Value) super.visitTemplateExpressionValue(value, p);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public JS.Tuple visitTuple(JS.Tuple tuple, P p) {
+        return (JS.Tuple) super.visitTuple(tuple, p);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public JS.TypeDeclaration visitTypeDeclaration(JS.TypeDeclaration typeDeclaration, P p) {
         return (JS.TypeDeclaration) super.visitTypeDeclaration(typeDeclaration, p);
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java
index a4d08df9..5c5dcfd6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java
@@ -310,6 +310,20 @@ public J visitTemplateExpressionValue(JS.TemplateExpression.Value value, P p) {
         return s;
     }
 
+    public J visitTuple(JS.Tuple tuple, P p) {
+        JS.Tuple t = tuple;
+        t = t.withPrefix(visitSpace(t.getPrefix(), JsSpace.Location.TUPLE_PREFIX, p));
+        t = t.withMarkers(visitMarkers(t.getMarkers(), p));
+        Expression temp = (Expression) visitExpression(t, p);
+        if (!(temp instanceof JS.Tuple)) {
+            return temp;
+        } else {
+            t = (JS.Tuple) temp;
+        }
+        t = t.withType(visitType(t.getType(), p));
+        return t;
+    }
+
     public J visitTypeDeclaration(JS.TypeDeclaration typeDeclaration, P p) {
         JS.TypeDeclaration t = typeDeclaration;
         t = t.withPrefix(visitSpace(t.getPrefix(), JsSpace.Location.TYPE_DECLARATION_PREFIX, p));
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/JavaScriptPrinter.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/JavaScriptPrinter.java
index be582f55..f8c6b380 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/JavaScriptPrinter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/JavaScriptPrinter.java
@@ -300,6 +300,14 @@ public J visitTemplateExpressionValue(JS.TemplateExpression.Value value, PrintOu
         return value;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public J visitTuple(JS.Tuple tuple, PrintOutputCapture<P> p) {
+        beforeSyntax(tuple, JsSpace.Location.TUPLE_PREFIX, p);
+        visitContainer("[", tuple.getPadding().getTypes(), JsContainer.Location.TUPLE_ELEMENT, ",", "]", p);
+        afterSyntax(tuple, p);
+        return tuple;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public J visitTypeDeclaration(JS.TypeDeclaration typeDeclaration, PrintOutputCapture<P> p) {
         beforeSyntax(typeDeclaration, JsSpace.Location.TYPE_DECLARATION_PREFIX, p);
@@ -589,6 +597,8 @@ public void visitModifier(J.Modifier mod, PrintOutputCapture<P> p) {
                 case Volatile:
                     keyword = "volatile";
                     break;
+                default:
+                    keyword = mod.getKeyword();
             }
             beforeSyntax(mod, Space.Location.MODIFIER_PREFIX, p);
             p.append(keyword);
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/TypeScriptParserVisitor.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/TypeScriptParserVisitor.java
index b053f3b1..2c455c06 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/TypeScriptParserVisitor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/TypeScriptParserVisitor.java
@@ -190,8 +190,12 @@ private J visitArrowFunction(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
+        if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Add support for trailing annotations on: " + node.getText());
+        }
 
         int saveCursor = getCursor();
         Space before = whitespace();
@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@ private J visitArrowFunction(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
                 modifiers,
                 params,
                 returnTypeExpression,
@@ -605,17 +609,16 @@ private J.ClassDeclaration visitClassDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> leadingAnnotation = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
         List<J.Modifier> modifiers;
         List<TSCNode> modifierNodes = node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers");
         if (modifierNodes != null) {
-            modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leadingAnnotation);
+            modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
         } else {
             modifiers = emptyList();
         }
 
-        List<J.Annotation> kindAnnotations = emptyList();
-
         Space kindPrefix;
         TSCSyntaxKind syntaxKind = node.syntaxKind();
         J.ClassDeclaration.Kind.Type type;
@@ -633,7 +636,7 @@ private J.ClassDeclaration visitClassDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 type = J.ClassDeclaration.Kind.Type.Class;
         }
 
-        J.ClassDeclaration.Kind kind = new J.ClassDeclaration.Kind(randomId(), kindPrefix, Markers.EMPTY, kindAnnotations, type);
+        J.ClassDeclaration.Kind kind = new J.ClassDeclaration.Kind(randomId(), kindPrefix, Markers.EMPTY, trailing, type);
 
         J.Identifier name;
         TSCNode nameNode = node.getOptionalNodeProperty("name");
@@ -720,7 +723,7 @@ private J.ClassDeclaration visitClassDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                leadingAnnotation.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leadingAnnotation,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
                 modifiers,
                 kind,
                 name,
@@ -792,10 +795,11 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitConstructor(TSCNode node) {
 
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         List<J.Modifier> modifiers;
-        List<J.Annotation> leadingAnnotations = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
         TSCNodeList modifierNodes = node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers");
         if (modifierNodes != null) {
-            modifiers = mapModifiers(modifierNodes, leadingAnnotations);
+            modifiers = mapModifiers(modifierNodes, leading, trailing);
         } else {
             modifiers = emptyList();
         }
@@ -817,7 +821,7 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitConstructor(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 Markers.EMPTY,
-                leadingAnnotations.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leadingAnnotations,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
                 modifiers,
                 typeParameters,
                 null,
@@ -1153,8 +1157,9 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitFunctionDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
 
         Space prefix = whitespace();
 
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         Space before = sourceBefore(TSCSyntaxKind.FunctionKeyword);
         Markers markers = Markers.build(singletonList(new FunctionKeyword(randomId(), before)));
@@ -1169,7 +1174,9 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitFunctionDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
             // Function expressions do not require a name `function (..)`
             name = convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "");
         }
-
+        if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+            name = name.withAnnotations(trailing);
+        }
         name = name.withType(method);
 
         J.TypeParameters typeParameters = mapTypeParameters(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("typeParameters"));
@@ -1195,7 +1202,7 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitFunctionDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
                 modifiers,
                 typeParameters,
                 returnTypeExpression,
@@ -1212,12 +1219,15 @@ private Statement visitFunctionParameter(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> leadingAnnotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leadingAnnotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         Space variablePrefix = whitespace();
         J.Identifier name = visitIdentifier(node.getNodeProperty("name"));
-
+        if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+            name = name.withAnnotations(trailing);
+        }
         TypeTree typeTree = null;
         TSCNode type = node.getOptionalNodeProperty("type");
         if (type != null) {
@@ -1249,8 +1259,8 @@ private Statement visitFunctionParameter(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                leadingAnnotations.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leadingAnnotations,
-                modifiers,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
+                modifiers.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : modifiers,
                 typeTree,
                 varargs,
                 dimensionsBeforeName,
@@ -1508,8 +1518,9 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
 
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         if (node.hasProperty("asteriskToken")) {
             markers = markers.addIfAbsent(new Asterisk(randomId(), sourceBefore(TSCSyntaxKind.AsteriskToken)));
@@ -1522,7 +1533,9 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         } else {
             name = visitIdentifier(nameNode, methodType);
         }
-
+        if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+            name = name.withAnnotations(trailing);
+        }
         J.TypeParameters typeParameters = mapTypeParameters(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("typeParameters"));
 
         JContainer<Statement> parameters = mapContainer(
@@ -1550,7 +1563,7 @@ private J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : annotations,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
                 modifiers,
                 typeParameters,
                 returnTypeExpression,
@@ -1738,35 +1751,18 @@ private JS.ObjectBindingDeclarations mapObjectBindingDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         Space beforeVariableModifier = whitespace();
         TSCSyntaxKind keyword = scan();
         if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.ConstKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "const"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "const", trailing));
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.LetKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "let"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "let", trailing));
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.VarKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "var"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "var", trailing));
         } else {
             // Unclear if the modifier should be `@Nullable` in the `JSVariableDeclaration`.
             implementMe(node);
@@ -1850,7 +1846,7 @@ private JS.ObjectBindingDeclarations mapObjectBindingDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
                 modifiers,
                 typeTree,
                 JContainer.build(beforeBraces, bindings, Markers.EMPTY),
@@ -1893,8 +1889,9 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitPropertyDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> leadingAnnotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leadingAnnotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         TSCNode varArgNode = node.getOptionalNodeProperty("dotDotDotToken");
         Space varArg = varArgNode != null ? sourceBefore(TSCSyntaxKind.DotDotDotToken) : null;
@@ -1905,7 +1902,9 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitPropertyDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         } else {
             implementMe(node);
         }
-
+        if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+            name = name.withAnnotations(trailing);
+        }
         TypeTree typeTree = null;
         TSCNode typeNode = node.getOptionalNodeProperty("type");
         if (typeNode != null) {
@@ -1952,8 +1951,8 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitPropertyDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                leadingAnnotations.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leadingAnnotations,
-                modifiers,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
+                modifiers.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : modifiers,
                 typeTree,
                 varArg,
                 dimensions,
@@ -1965,8 +1964,9 @@ private J visitPropertyAssignment(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> leadingAnnotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leadingAnnotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         Space variablePrefix = whitespace();
         J j = visitNode(node.getOptionalNodeProperty("name"));
@@ -1981,7 +1981,9 @@ private J visitPropertyAssignment(TSCNode node) {
         } else {
             implementMe(node);
         }
-
+        if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+            name = name.withAnnotations(trailing);
+        }
         TypeTree typeTree = null;
 
         // The initializer on a property declaration is the type reference.
@@ -2023,8 +2025,8 @@ private J visitPropertyAssignment(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                leadingAnnotations.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leadingAnnotations,
-                modifiers,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
+                modifiers.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : modifiers,
                 typeTree,
                 null,
                 dimensions,
@@ -2257,18 +2259,35 @@ private J.Try visitTryStatement(TSCNode node) {
     }
 
     private J visitTupleType(TSCNode node) {
-        return unknown(node);
+        Space prefix = whitespace();
+        TSCNodeList nodes = node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("elements");
+        JContainer<J> types = mapContainer(
+                TSCSyntaxKind.OpenBracketToken,
+                nodes == null ? emptyList() : nodes,
+                TSCSyntaxKind.CommaToken,
+                TSCSyntaxKind.CloseBracketToken,
+                this::visitNode,
+                true
+        );
+        return new JS.Tuple(
+                randomId(),
+                prefix,
+                Markers.EMPTY,
+                types,
+                typeMapping.type(node)
+        );
     }
 
     private J visitTypeAliasDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         Space before = sourceBefore(TSCSyntaxKind.TypeKeyword);
-        annotations = mapKeywordToAnnotation(before, "type", annotations);
+        modifiers.add(mapModifier(before, "type", trailing));
 
         TSCNode nameNode = node.getNodeProperty("name");
         J.Identifier name = (J.Identifier) visitNode(nameNode);
@@ -2284,7 +2303,7 @@ private J visitTypeAliasDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations,
+                leading,
                 modifiers,
                 name,
                 typeParameters,
@@ -2344,8 +2363,12 @@ private JS.TypeOperator visitTypeOperator(TSCNode node) {
 
     private J.TypeParameter visitTypeParameter(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
+        if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Add support for trailing annotations on: " + node.getText());
+        }
         implementMe(node, "expression");
         TSCNode defaultType = node.getOptionalNodeProperty("default");
         Expression name = (Expression) visitNode(node.getNodeProperty("name"));
@@ -2382,8 +2405,8 @@ private J.TypeParameter visitTypeParameter(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 Markers.EMPTY,
-                annotations.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : annotations,
-                emptyList(),
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
+                modifiers,
                 name,
                 bounds
         );
@@ -2500,35 +2523,21 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         Space prefix = whitespace();
         Markers markers = Markers.EMPTY;
 
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
         int saveCursor = getCursor();
         Space beforeVariableModifier = whitespace();
         TSCSyntaxKind keyword = scan();
         if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.ConstKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "const"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "const", trailing));
+            trailing = null;
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.LetKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "let"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "let", trailing));
+            trailing = null;
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.VarKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "var"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "var", trailing));
+            trailing = null;
         } else {
             cursor(saveCursor);
         }
@@ -2540,6 +2549,9 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
         J.Identifier name = null;
         if (j instanceof J.Identifier) {
             name = (J.Identifier) j;
+            if (!trailing.isEmpty()) {
+                name = name.withAnnotations(trailing);
+            }
         } else {
             implementMe(node);
         }
@@ -2578,8 +2590,8 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableDeclaration(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations,
-                modifiers,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
+                modifiers.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : modifiers,
                 typeTree,
                 null,
                 emptyList(),
@@ -2593,31 +2605,13 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableDeclarationList(TSCNode node) {
 
         Space beforeVariableModifier = whitespace();
         TSCSyntaxKind keyword = scan();
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = new ArrayList<>();
         if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.ConstKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "const"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "const", null));
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.LetKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "let"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "let", null));
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.VarKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "var"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "var", null));
         } else {
             // Unclear if the modifier should be `@Nullable` in the `JSVariableDeclaration`.
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported variable modifier.");
@@ -2686,8 +2680,8 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableDeclarationList(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations,
                 emptyList(),
+                modifiers.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : modifiers,
                 typeTree,
                 null,
                 emptyList(),
@@ -2701,35 +2695,18 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableStatement(TSCNode node) {
 
         implementMe(node, "exclamationToken");
 
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), annotations);
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Modifier> modifiers = mapModifiers(node.getOptionalNodeListProperty("modifiers"), leading, trailing);
 
         Space beforeVariableModifier = whitespace();
         TSCSyntaxKind keyword = scan();
         if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.ConstKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "const"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "const", trailing));
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.LetKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "let"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "let", trailing));
         } else if (keyword == TSCSyntaxKind.VarKeyword) {
-            annotations.add(new J.Annotation(
-                    randomId(),
-                    beforeVariableModifier,
-                    Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                    convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, "var"),
-                    null)
-            );
+            modifiers.add(mapModifier(beforeVariableModifier, "var", trailing));
         } else {
             // Unclear if the modifier should be `@Nullable` in the `JSVariableDeclaration`.
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported variable modifier.");
@@ -2805,8 +2782,8 @@ private J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableStatement(TSCNode node) {
                 randomId(),
                 prefix,
                 markers,
-                annotations,
-                modifiers,
+                leading.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : leading,
+                modifiers.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : modifiers,
                 typeTree,
                 null,
                 emptyList(),
@@ -3368,23 +3345,29 @@ private J.ArrayType mapArrayType(TSCNode node) {
         );
     }
 
-    private List<J.Modifier> mapModifiers(@Nullable List<TSCNode> nodes, List<J.Annotation> leadingAnnotations) {
+    private List<J.Modifier> mapModifiers(@Nullable List<TSCNode> nodes, List<J.Annotation> leadingAnnotations, List<J.Annotation> trailingAnnotations) {
         if (nodes == null) {
-            return emptyList();
+            return new ArrayList<>();
         }
 
         List<J.Modifier> modifiers = new ArrayList<>(nodes.size());
-        List<J.Annotation> annotations = null;
+        List<J.Annotation> leading = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<J.Annotation> trailing = null;
         for (TSCNode node : nodes) {
             Space prefix = whitespace();
             switch (node.syntaxKind()) {
                 // JS/TS equivalent of an annotation.
                 case Decorator: {
                     J.Annotation annotation = (J.Annotation) visitNode(node);
-                    if (annotations == null) {
-                        annotations = new ArrayList<>(1);
+                    if (leading != null) {
+                        leading.add(annotation);
+                    } else {
+                        if (trailing == null) {
+                            trailing = new ArrayList<>(1);
+                        } else {
+                            trailing.add(annotation);
+                        }
                     }
-                    annotations.add(annotation);
                     break;
                 }
                 // JS/TS keywords.
@@ -3392,78 +3375,80 @@ private List<J.Modifier> mapModifiers(@Nullable List<TSCNode> nodes, List<J.Anno
                 case DefaultKeyword:
                 case ExportKeyword:
                 case ReadonlyKeyword: {
-                    annotations = mapKeywordToAnnotation(prefix, node, annotations);
+                    if (!leading.isEmpty()) {
+                        leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
+                        leading = null;
+                    }
+                    modifiers.add(mapModifier(prefix, node.getText(), trailing));
+                    trailing = null;
                     break;
                 }
                 // Keywords that exist in J.
                 case AbstractKeyword:
+                    if (!leading.isEmpty()) {
+                        leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
+                        leading = null;
+                    }
                     consumeToken(TSCSyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword);
-                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Abstract, annotations == null ? emptyList() : annotations));
-                    annotations = null;
+                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Abstract, trailing == null ? emptyList() : trailing));
+                    trailing = null;
                     break;
                 case AsyncKeyword:
+                    if (!leading.isEmpty()) {
+                        leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
+                        leading = null;
+                    }
                     consumeToken(TSCSyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword);
-                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Async, annotations == null ? emptyList() : annotations));
-                    annotations = null;
+                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Async, trailing == null ? emptyList() : trailing));
+                    trailing = null;
                     break;
                 case PublicKeyword:
+                    if (!leading.isEmpty()) {
+                        leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
+                        leading = null;
+                    }
                     consumeToken(TSCSyntaxKind.PublicKeyword);
-                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Public, annotations == null ? emptyList() : annotations));
-                    annotations = null;
+                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Public, trailing == null ? emptyList() : trailing));
+                    trailing = null;
                     break;
                 case PrivateKeyword:
+                    if (!leading.isEmpty()) {
+                        leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
+                        leading = null;
+                    }
                     consumeToken(TSCSyntaxKind.PrivateKeyword);
-                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Private, annotations == null ? emptyList() : annotations));
-                    annotations = null;
+                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Private, trailing == null ? emptyList() : trailing));
+                    trailing = null;
                     break;
                 case ProtectedKeyword:
+                    if (!leading.isEmpty()) {
+                        leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
+                        leading = null;
+                    }
                     consumeToken(TSCSyntaxKind.ProtectedKeyword);
-                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Protected, annotations == null ? emptyList() : annotations));
-                    annotations = null;
+                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Protected, trailing == null ? emptyList() : trailing));
+                    trailing = null;
                     break;
                 case StaticKeyword:
+                    if (!leading.isEmpty()) {
+                        leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
+                        leading = null;
+                    }
                     consumeToken(TSCSyntaxKind.StaticKeyword);
-                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Static, annotations == null ? emptyList() : annotations));
-                    annotations = null;
+                    modifiers.add(new J.Modifier(randomId(), prefix, Markers.EMPTY, null, J.Modifier.Type.Static, trailing == null ? emptyList() : trailing));
+                    trailing = null;
                     break;
                 default:
                     implementMe(node);
             }
         }
-        if (annotations != null) {
-            leadingAnnotations.addAll(annotations);
+        if (leading != null) {
+            leadingAnnotations.addAll(leading);
         }
-        return modifiers.isEmpty() ? emptyList() : modifiers;
-    }
-
-    private List<J.Annotation> mapKeywordToAnnotation(Space prefix, String keyword, @Nullable List<J.Annotation> annotations) {
-        J.Annotation annotation = new J.Annotation(
-                randomId(),
-                prefix,
-                Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                convertToIdentifier(EMPTY, keyword),
-                null
-        );
-        if (annotations == null) {
-            annotations = new ArrayList<>(1);
+        if (trailing != null) {
+            trailingAnnotations.addAll(trailing);
         }
-        annotations.add(annotation);
-        return annotations;
-    }
-
-    private List<J.Annotation> mapKeywordToAnnotation(Space prefix, TSCNode node, @Nullable List<J.Annotation> annotations) {
-        J.Annotation annotation = new J.Annotation(
-                randomId(),
-                prefix,
-                Markers.build(singletonList(new Keyword(randomId()))),
-                (NameTree) visitNode(node),
-                null
-        );
-        if (annotations == null) {
-            annotations = new ArrayList<>(1);
-        }
-        annotations.add(annotation);
-        return annotations;
+        return modifiers.isEmpty() ? new ArrayList<>() : modifiers;
     }
 
     @Nullable
@@ -3503,6 +3488,16 @@ private Space sourceBefore(TSCSyntaxKind syntaxKind) {
         return prefix;
     }
 
+    private J.Modifier mapModifier(Space prefix, String name, @Nullable List<J.Annotation> annotations) {
+        return new J.Modifier(
+                randomId(),
+                prefix,
+                Markers.EMPTY,
+                name,
+                J.Modifier.Type.LanguageExtension,
+                annotations == null ? emptyList() : annotations
+        );
+    }
     /**
      * Consume whitespace and leading comments until the current node.
      * The type-script spec is not actively maintained, so we need to rely on the parser elements to collect
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java
index ff4ca489..ce4bdfa7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java
@@ -1440,6 +1440,81 @@ public TemplateExpression withTag(@Nullable JRightPadded<Expression> tag) {
         }
     }
 
+    @FieldDefaults(makeFinal = true, level = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
+    @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false, onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)
+    @RequiredArgsConstructor
+    @AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
+    @Data
+    final class Tuple implements JS, Expression, TypeTree {
+
+        @Nullable
+        @NonFinal
+        transient WeakReference<Tuple.Padding> padding;
+
+        @EqualsAndHashCode.Include
+        @With
+        UUID id;
+
+        @With
+        Space prefix;
+
+        @With
+        Markers markers;
+
+        JContainer<J> types;
+
+        @With
+        @Nullable
+        JavaType type;
+
+        public List<J> getTypes() {
+            return types.getElements();
+        }
+
+        public Tuple withBindings(List<J> types) {
+            return getPadding().withTypes(JContainer.withElements(this.types, types));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public <P> J acceptJavaScript(JavaScriptVisitor<P> v, P p) {
+            return v.visitTuple(this, p);
+        }
+
+        @Transient
+        @Override
+        public CoordinateBuilder.Expression getCoordinates() {
+            return new CoordinateBuilder.Expression(this);
+        }
+
+        public Tuple.Padding getPadding() {
+            Tuple.Padding p;
+            if (this.padding == null) {
+                p = new Tuple.Padding(this);
+                this.padding = new WeakReference<>(p);
+            } else {
+                p = this.padding.get();
+                if (p == null || p.t != this) {
+                    p = new Tuple.Padding(this);
+                    this.padding = new WeakReference<>(p);
+                }
+            }
+            return p;
+        }
+
+        @RequiredArgsConstructor
+        public static class Padding {
+            private final Tuple t;
+
+            public JContainer<J> getTypes() {
+                return t.types;
+            }
+
+            public Tuple withTypes(JContainer<J> types) {
+                return t.types == types ? t : new Tuple(t.id, t.prefix, t.markers, types, t.type);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @FieldDefaults(makeFinal = true, level = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
     @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false, onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)
     @RequiredArgsConstructor
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsContainer.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsContainer.java
index 2bc460d0..f656ba1f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsContainer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsContainer.java
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ public enum Location {
         BINDING_ELEMENT(JsSpace.Location.BINDING_ELEMENTS, JsRightPadded.Location.BINDING_ELEMENT_SUFFIX),
         EXPORT_ELEMENT(JsSpace.Location.EXPORT_ELEMENTS, JsRightPadded.Location.EXPORT_ELEMENT_SUFFIX),
         FUNCTION_TYPE_PARAMETER(JsSpace.Location.FUNCTION_TYPE_PARAMETERS, JsRightPadded.Location.FUNCTION_TYPE_PARAMETER_SUFFIX),
-        IMPORT_ELEMENT(JsSpace.Location.IMPORT_ELEMENTS, JsRightPadded.Location.IMPORT_ELEMENT_SUFFIX);
+        IMPORT_ELEMENT(JsSpace.Location.IMPORT_ELEMENTS, JsRightPadded.Location.IMPORT_ELEMENT_SUFFIX),
+        TUPLE_ELEMENT(JsSpace.Location.TUPLE_ELEMENT, JsRightPadded.Location.TUPLE_ELEMENT_SUFFIX);
 
         private final JsSpace.Location beforeLocation;
         private final JsRightPadded.Location elementLocation;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsRightPadded.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsRightPadded.java
index 6b1d98cf..1f91d284 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsRightPadded.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsRightPadded.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public enum Location {
         IMPORT_ELEMENT_SUFFIX(JsSpace.Location.IMPORT_ELEMENT_SUFFIX),
         IMPORT_NAME_SUFFIX(JsSpace.Location.IMPORT_NAME_SUFFIX),
         TAG(JsSpace.Location.TAG_SUFFIX),
+        TUPLE_ELEMENT_SUFFIX(JsSpace.Location.TUPLE_ELEMENT_SUFFIX),
         UNION_TYPE(JsSpace.Location.UNION_TYPE_SUFFIX);
 
         private final JsSpace.Location afterLocation;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java
index 83fc84be..598c4cbb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ public enum Location {
         TEMPLATE_EXPRESSION_PREFIX,
         TEMPLATE_EXPRESSION_VALUE_PREFIX,
         TEMPLATE_EXPRESSION_VALUE_SUFFIX,
+        TUPLE_PREFIX,
+        TUPLE_ELEMENT,
+        TUPLE_ELEMENT_SUFFIX,
         TYPE_DECLARATION_PREFIX,
         TYPE_DECLARATION_INITIALIZER_PREFIX,
         TYPE_OPERATOR_PREFIX,
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/TupleTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/TupleTest.java
index 6adceada..7d0ed84e 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/TupleTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/TupleTest.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 @SuppressWarnings({"JSUnresolvedVariable", "JSUnusedLocalSymbols"})
 class TupleTest implements RewriteTest {
 
-    @ExpectedToFail
     @Test
     void emptyTuple() {
         rewriteRun(
@@ -36,19 +35,17 @@ void emptyTuple() {
         );
     }
 
-    @ExpectedToFail
     @Test
     void tuple() {
         rewriteRun(
           javaScript(
             """
-              let tuple : [ number , boolean , ] = [ 1 , true ]
+              let tuple : [ number , boolean ] = [ 1 , true ]
               """
           )
         );
     }
 
-    @ExpectedToFail
     @Test
     void typed() {
         rewriteRun(
@@ -59,4 +56,44 @@ void typed() {
           )
         );
     }
+
+    @ExpectedToFail("Requires spread operator")
+    @Test
+    void spreadOperators() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          javaScript(
+            """
+              function concat(arr1, arr2) {
+                  return [...arr1, ...arr2]
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @ExpectedToFail("Requires ArrayBindingPattern.")
+    @Test
+    void arrayBindingPattern() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          javaScript(
+            """
+              function tail(arg) {
+                  const [_, ...result] = arg;
+                  return result;
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void trailingCommas() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          javaScript(
+            """
+              let input : [  number , boolean , ] = [ 1 , true , ]
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
 }