diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/kotlin/KotlinParser.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/kotlin/KotlinParser.java
index d1dd8782..50338f12 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/kotlin/KotlinParser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/kotlin/KotlinParser.java
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.utils.PathUtil;
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.openrewrite.*;
+import org.openrewrite.internal.ListUtils;
 import org.openrewrite.java.JavaParser;
 import org.openrewrite.java.internal.JavaTypeCache;
 import org.openrewrite.java.marker.JavaSourceSet;
@@ -87,7 +88,6 @@
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
 import static org.jetbrains.kotlin.config.JVMConfigurationKeys.DO_NOT_CLEAR_BINDING_CONTEXT;
 import static org.jetbrains.kotlin.config.JVMConfigurationKeys.LINK_VIA_SIGNATURES;
 import static org.jetbrains.kotlin.incremental.IncrementalFirJvmCompilerRunnerKt.configureBaseRoots;
+import static org.openrewrite.kotlin.KotlinParser.SourcePathFromSourceTextResolver.determinePath;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("CommentedOutCode")
 @RequiredArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
@@ -115,6 +116,9 @@ public class KotlinParser implements Parser {
     @Nullable
     private final Collection<Path> classpath;
 
+    @Nullable
+    private final List<Input> dependsOn;
+
     private final List<NamedStyles> styles;
     private final boolean logCompilationWarningsAndErrors;
     private final JavaTypeCache typeCache;
@@ -162,10 +166,11 @@ public Stream<SourceFile> parseInputs(Iterable<Input> sources, @Nullable Path re
         // TODO: FIR and disposable may not be necessary using the IR.
         Disposable disposable = Disposer.newDisposable();
         CompiledSource compilerCus;
+        List<Input> acceptedInputs = ListUtils.concatAll(dependsOn, acceptedInputs(sources).collect(toList()));
         try {
-            compilerCus = parse(acceptedInputs(sources).collect(Collectors.toList()), disposable, pctx);
+            compilerCus = parse(acceptedInputs, disposable, pctx);
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            return acceptedInputs(sources).map(input -> ParseError.build(this, input, relativeTo, ctx, e));
+            return acceptedInputs.stream().map(input -> ParseError.build(this, input, relativeTo, ctx, e));
         }
 
         FirSession firSession = compilerCus.getFirSession();
@@ -201,7 +206,8 @@ public Stream<SourceFile> parseInputs(Iterable<Input> sources, @Nullable Path re
                                     return (SourceFile) null;
                                 })
                                 .limit(1))
-                .filter(Objects::nonNull);
+                .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+                .filter(source -> !source.getSourcePath().getFileName().toString().startsWith("dependsOn-"));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -252,6 +258,7 @@ public static class Builder extends Parser.Builder {
         @Nullable
         private Collection<Path> classpath = emptyList();
 
+        private List<Input> dependsOn = emptyList();
         private JavaTypeCache typeCache = new JavaTypeCache();
         private boolean logCompilationWarningsAndErrors;
         private final List<NamedStyles> styles = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -303,6 +310,13 @@ public Builder addClasspathEntry(Path classpath) {
             return this;
         }
 
+        public Builder dependsOn(@Language("kotlin") String... inputsAsStrings) {
+            this.dependsOn = Arrays.stream(inputsAsStrings)
+                    .map(input -> Input.fromString(determinePath("dependsOn-", input), input))
+                    .collect(toList());
+            return this;
+        }
+
         public Builder typeCache(JavaTypeCache typeCache) {
             this.typeCache = typeCache;
             return this;
@@ -335,7 +349,7 @@ public Builder languageLevel(KotlinLanguageLevel languageLevel) {
 
         @Override
         public KotlinParser build() {
-            return new KotlinParser(resolvedClasspath(), styles, logCompilationWarningsAndErrors, typeCache, moduleName, languageLevel, isKotlinScript);
+            return new KotlinParser(resolvedClasspath(), dependsOn, styles, logCompilationWarningsAndErrors, typeCache, moduleName, languageLevel, isKotlinScript);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -609,4 +623,27 @@ private List<Integer> getCRLFLocations(String source) {
 
         return cRLFIndices;
     }
+
+    static class SourcePathFromSourceTextResolver {
+        private static final Pattern packagePattern = Pattern.compile("^package\\s+(\\S+)");
+        private static final Pattern classPattern = Pattern.compile("(class|interface|enum class)\\s*(<[^>]*>)?\\s+(\\w+)");
+        private static final Pattern publicClassPattern = Pattern.compile("public\\s+" + classPattern.pattern());
+
+        private static Optional<String> matchClassPattern(Pattern pattern, String source) {
+            Matcher classMatcher = pattern.matcher(source);
+            if (classMatcher.find()) {
+                return Optional.of(classMatcher.group(3));
+            }
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+
+        static Path determinePath(String prefix, String sourceCode) {
+            String className = matchClassPattern(publicClassPattern, sourceCode)
+                    .orElseGet(() -> matchClassPattern(classPattern, sourceCode)
+                            .orElse(Long.toString(System.nanoTime())));
+            Matcher packageMatcher = packagePattern.matcher(sourceCode);
+            String pkg = packageMatcher.find() ? packageMatcher.group(1).replace('.', '/') + "/" : "";
+            return Paths.get(pkg, prefix + className + ".kt");
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/kotlin/KotlinParserTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/kotlin/KotlinParserTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b1b1d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/kotlin/KotlinParserTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 the original author or authors.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.openrewrite.kotlin;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.openrewrite.test.RewriteTest;
+
+import static org.openrewrite.kotlin.Assertions.kotlin;
+
+class KotlinParserTest implements RewriteTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void classDefinitionFromDependsOn() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          spec -> spec.parser(KotlinParser.builder().dependsOn("""
+            package foo.bar
+
+            class MyClass
+            """)),
+          kotlin(
+            """
+              import foo.bar.MyClass
+
+              val myClass: MyClass? = null
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+}