Increase debuggability with higher verbosity level ("debug") logs

[azych]

Currently both the operator-controller as well as catalogd have barely any (2 to be exact) log messages that aren't being logged at a default (0) log verbosity level.
It might be beneficial to increase debuggability of the project by inserting additional, higher log verbosity level ("debug") type messages that would contain additional context and would make for better understanding the detailed flow of what's happening, eg. in/out function arguments and return values, payload(s) dumping etc.

Technically with logr this can be done by declaring a non-default/higher log verbosity level via the .V() method, see https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-logr/logr#hdr-Verbosity for details.