Picolibc

Copyright © 2018-2023 Keith Packard

Picolibc is library offering standard C library APIs that targets small embedded systems with limited RAM. Picolibc was formed by blending code from Newlib and AVR Libc.

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License

Picolibc source comes from a variety of places and has a huge variety of copyright holders and license texts. While much of the code comes from Newlib, none of the GPL-related bits used to build the library are left in the repository, so all of the source code uses BSD-like licenses, a mixture of 2- and 3- clause BSD itself and a variety of other (mostly older) licenses with similar terms.

There are two files used for testing printf, test/printf-tests.c and test/testcases.c which are licensed under the GPL version 2 or later. There is also a shell script, GeneratePicolibcCrossFile.sh which is licensed under the AGPL version 3 or later which is provided as a helper for people building the library, but not used by picolibc otherwise.

The file COPYING.picolibc contains all of the current copyright and license information in the Debian standard machine-readable format. It was generated using the make-copyrights and find-copyright scripts.

Supported Architectures

Picolibc has integrated testing support for many architectures which is used to validate the code for all patch integration:

• ARC (32- and 64- bit)
• ARM (32- and 64- bit)
• i386 (Native and Linux hosted, for testing)
• Motorola 68000 (m68k)
• MIPS
• MSP430
• Nios II
• Power9
• RISC-V (both 32- and 64- bit)
• SparcV8 (32 bit)
• x86_64 (Native and Linux hosted, for testing)

There is also build infrastructure and continuous build validation, but no integrated testing available for additional architectures:

• Microblaze (32-bit, big and little endian)
• PowerPC (big and little endian)
• Sparc64
• Xtensa (ESP8266, ESP32)

Supporting architectures that already have Newlib code requires:

1. newlib/libc/machine/architecture/meson.build to build the architecture-specific libc bits. This should at least include setjmp/longjmp support as these cannot be performed in architecture independent code and are needed by libstdc++.

2. Checking for atomic support for tinystdio. Tinystdio requires atomics for ungetc to work correctly in a reentrant environment. By default, it stores them in 16-bit values, but some architectures only have 32-bit atomics. To avoid ABI issues, the size selected isn't detected automatically, instead it must be configured in newlib/libc/tinystdio/stdio.h.

3. newlib/libm/machine/architecture/meson.build to build any architecture-specific libm bits

4. picocrt/machine/architecture source code and build bits for startup code needed for the architecture. Useful in all cases, but this is necessary to run tests under qemu if your platform can do that.

5. cross-gcc-triple.txt to configure the meson cross-compilation mechanism to use the right tools

6. do-architecture-configure to make testing the cross-compilation setup easier.

7. newlib/libc/picolib support. This should include whatever startup helpers are required (like ARM interrupt vector) and TLS support (if your compiler includes this).

8. run-architecture script to run tests under QEMU. Look at the ARM and RISC-V examples to get a sense of what this needs to do and how it gets invoked from the cross-gcc-triple.txt configuration file.

Relation to newlib

Picolibc is mostly built from pieces of newlib, and retains the directory structure of that project. While there have been a lot of changes in the build system and per-thread data storage, the bulk of the source code remains unchanged.

To keep picolibc and newlib code in sync, newlib changes will be regularly incorporated. To ease integration of these changes into picolibc, some care needs to be taken while editing the code:

• Files should not be renamed.
• Fixes that also benefit users of newlib should also be sent to the newlib project
• Changes, where possible, should be made in a way compatible with newlib design. For example, instead of using 'errno' (which is valid in picolibc), use __errno_r(r), even when 'r' is not defined in the local context.

The bulk of newlib changes over the last several years have been in areas unrelated to the code used by picolibc, so keeping things in sync has not been difficult so far.

Documentation

Introductory documentation. Read these first:

• Building Picolibc. Explains how to compile picolibc yourself.
• Using Picolibc. Shows how to compile and link applications once you have picolibc built and installed.
• Linking with Picolibc.ld. Provides more details about the linking process.
• Hello World. Build and run a stand-alone C application by following step-by-step instructions

Detailed documentation. Use these to learn more details about how to use Picolibc:

• Picolibc initialization
• Operating System Support.
• Printf and Scanf in Picolibc
• Thread Local Storage
• Re-entrancy and Locking
• Selecting ctype implementation
• Picolibc as embedded source
• Releasing Picolibc
• Copyright and license information

Releases

Picolibc release 1.8.8

• Fixed 3 bugs in the powf computation. Thanks to Fabian Schriever.

• Fixed a bunch of build issues found by Zephyr.

• Improve C++ testing and compatibility.

Picolibc release 1.8.7

• Support ARM v8.1-m BTI and PAC features

• Fix stdio buffered backend automatic flushing of stdout when reading stdin.

• Support _FORTIFY_SOURCE=3

• Fix several fesetround implementations to return an error when passed an invalid argument. Thanks to Abdallah Abdelhafeez.

• Document headers which the compiler must provide. Thanks to Alexey Brodkin.

• Generate mktemp/tmpnam filenames using random() so they don't repeat even if they aren't used before another name is generated.

• Set error flag when fgetc is called on an file without read mode. Thanks to Mohamed Moawad.

• Add type casting to CMPLX, CMPLXF and CMPLXL macros (as glibc does). Thanks to Mostafa Salman.

• Add mips64 support and build the library during CI.

• Make fgets return any accumulated string on EOF instead of always returning NULL. Thanks to Hana Ashour.

• Use C99 minimum array size in asctime_r and ctime_r API declarations ('[static 26]'). Bounds check the generated value and return NULL/EOVERFLOW on overflow.

• Make Zephyr's -Oz cmake option enable PREFER_SIZE_OVER_SPEED. Thanks to Jonathon Penix.

• Add funopen to tinystdio.

• Validate all public headers with a C++ compiler to make sure they at least compile successfully. Fix time.h.

• Stop using -include picolibc.h during library build.

• Add -Wmissing-declarations and -Wmissing-prototypes to library build flags. Fix a rather large pile of missing prototypes caused by source files failing to add _GNU_SOURCE or _DEFAULT_SOURCE definitions.

• Add POSIX "unlocked" I/O functions to tinystdio. These don't actually do anything because tinystdio doesn't do any locking. However, flockfile/funlockfile grab the global C library lock so applications synchronizing with that API will "work".

• Fix wide orientation handling in tinystdio. Thanks to Ahmed Shehab.

• Add aarch64 soft float support for armv8. Clang allows this with -march=armv8-a+nofp -mabi=aapcs-soft. This required building a custom toolchain that included a compiler-rt library built with the right options.

• Add fgetpos and fsetpos to tinystdio. Thanks to Hana Ashour.

• Restore missing members of 'struct sigevent'. Over eager removal of _POSIX_THREADS support caused these to be accidentally deleted some time ago.

• Test on i386 native target.

• Fix hex float scanning and printing. Thanks to Hana Ashour and Ahmed Shehab.

• Fix double rounding in %f printf. Thanks to Ahmed Shehab for constructing a test case that identified the issue.

• Add mem_align to the "big" malloc version. Thanks to Simon Tatham.

• Adjust POSIX and C headers to limit symbol exposure to that specified in the standards.

• Fix rounding in float scanf. This does round twice for input longer than the required number of digits, but that's permitted by the C specification.

• Support %a/%A in scanf. Support arbitrary precision in %a/%A printf. Fix NaN/INF formatting in %a/%A printf. Thanks to Ahmed Shehab.

• Provide a build-time option to enable %n in printf. This is disabled by default for security concerns, but supported in case someone needs strict C conformance. Thanks to Ahmed Shehab.

• Make freopen clear the unget buffer. Thanks to Mostafa Salman.

• Fix wide and multi-byte character support in printf and scanf. For strict standards conformance, there's now an option that enables %lc/%ls in printf even if multi-byte support is not enabled.

• Enable MMU in picocrt on A profile ARM and AARCH64 targets when present. This is required by the latest qemu which now more accurately emulates this hardware. Thanks to Alex Richardson.

• Fix AARCH64 asm code in ILP32 mode.

• Parse NaN() in sscanf. This is required by the standard, although picolibc doesn't do anything with . Thanks to Mohamed Moawad.

• Clean up header files. Picolibc tries to limit symbol definitions to those specified in the C and POSIX specs.

• Add support for C's Annex K functions. These are bounds-checking versions of various memory and string functions. Thanks to Mostafa Salman.

• Perform locale string validation in newlocale even when _MB_CAPABLE isn't defined. Thanks to Mostafa Salman.

• Place compiler-rt library after C library when linking tests. Thanks to Oliver Stannard.

Picolibc version 1.8.6

• Fix some FORTITY_SOURCE issues with tinystdio

• Add _eh* symbols to picolibc.ld for LLVM libunwind. Thanks Alex Richardson.

• Merge in newlib annual release (4.4.0). Some minor updates to aarch64 assembly code formatting (thanks to Sebastian Huber) and a few other fixes.

• Enable 32-bit SPARC for testing.

• Fix a bunch of fmemopen bugs and add some tests. Thanks to Alex Richardson.

• Finish support for targets with unusual float types, mapping target types to 32-, 64-, 80- and 128- bit picolibc code.

• Add SuperH support, including testing infrastructure. Thanks to Adrian Siekierka for help with this.

• Improve debugger stack trace in risc-v exception code. Thanks to Alex Richardson.

• Add an option (-Dfast-bufio=true) for more efficient fread/fwrite implementations when layered atop bufio. Thanks for the suggestion from Zachary Yedidia.

• Fix cmake usage of FORMAT_ variables (note the lack of a leading underscore).

• Remove explicit _POSIX_C_SOURCE definition in zephyr/zephr.cmake.

• Clean up public inline functions to share a common mechanism for using gnu_inline semantics. Fix isblank. This ensures that no static inline declarations exist in public API headers which are required to be external linkage ("real") symbols.

• Create an alternate ctype implementation that avoids using the ctype array and just does direct value comparisons. This only works when picolibc is limited to ASCII. Applications can select whether they want this behavior at application compilation time without needing to rebuild the C library. Thanks to P. Frost for the suggestion.

• Unify most fenv implementations to use gnu_inline instead of regular functions to improve performance. x86 was left out because those fenv functions are complicated by the mix of 8087 and modern FPU support.

• Add a separate FILE for stderr when using POSIX I/O. Split stdin/stdout/stderr into three files to avoid pulling in those which aren't used. Thanks to Zachary Yedidia.

Picolibc version 1.8.5

• Detect clang multi-lib support correctly by passing compiler flags. Thanks to xbjfk for identifying the problem.

• Create a new 'long-long' printf variant. This provides enough variety to satisfy the Zephyr cbprintf options without needing to build the library from scratch.

• Adjust use of custom binary to decimal conversion code so that it is only enabled for types beyond the register size of the target. This avoids the cost of this code when the application is already likely to be using the soft division routines.

Picolibc version 1.8.4

• Make math overflow and underflow handlers respect rounding modes.

• Add full precision fma/fmaf fallbacks by adapting the long-double code which uses two floats/doubles and some careful exponent management to ensure that only a single rounding operation occurs.

• Fix more m68k 80-bit float bugs

• Fix m68k asm ABI by returning pointers in %a0 and %d0

• Use an m68k-unknown-elf toolchain for m68k testing, including multi-lib to check various FPU configurations on older and more modern 68k targets.

• Improve CI speed by using ccache on zephyr and mac tests, compressing the docker images and automatically canceling jobs when the related PR is updated. Thanks to Peter Jonsson.

• Move a bunch of read-only data out of RAM and into flash by adding 'const' attributes in various places.

• Add a new linker symbol, __heap_size_min, which specifies a minimum heap size. The linker will emit an error if this much space is not available between the end of static data and the stack.

• Fix a bunch of bugs on targets with 16-bit int type. Thanks to Peter Jonsson for many of these.

• Work around a handful of platform bugs on MSP430. I think these are compiler bugs as they occur using both the binutils simulator and mspsim.

• Run tests on MSP430 using the simulator that comes with gdb. Thanks to Peter Jonsson for spliting tests apart to make them small enough to link in under 1MB. This requires a patch adding primitive semihosting to the simulator.

• Provide a division-free binary to decimal conversion option for printf at friends. This is useful on targets without hardware divide as it avoids pulling in a (usually large) software implementation. This is controlled with the 'printf-small-ultoa' meson option and is 'false' by default.

• Add 'minimal' printf and scanf variants. These reduce functionality by removing code that acts on most data modifers including width and precision fields and alternate presentation modes. A new config variable, minimal-io-long-long, controls whether that code supports long long types.

• Add a 'assert-verbose' option which controls whether the assert macro is chatty by default. It is 'true' by default, which preserves the existing code, but when set to 'false', then a failing assert calls __assert_no_msg with no arguments, saving the memory usually occupied by the filename, function name and expression.

• Fix arm asm syntax for mrc/mcr instructions to make clang happy. Thanks to Radovan Blažek for this patch.

Picolibc version 1.8.3

• Fix bugs in floor and ceil implementations.

• Use -fanalyzer to find and fix a range of issues.

• Add __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds implementation. This enables building applications with -fsanitize=bounds and -fno-sanitize-undefined-trap-on-error.

• Validate exception configuration on targets with mixed exception support where some types have exceptions and others don't. Right now, that's only arm platforms where any soft float implementations don't build with exception support.

• Fix bugs in nexttowards/nextafter on clang caused by the compiler re-ordering code and causing incorrect exception generation.

• Use the small/slow string code when -fsanitize=address is used while building the library. This avoids reading beyond the end of strings and triggering faults.

• Handle soft float on x86 and sparc targets. That mostly required disabling the hardware exception API, along with a few other minor bug fixes.

• Add runtime support for arc, mips, nios2 and m68k. This enables CI testing on these architectures using qemu.

• Fix 80-bit floating math library support for m68k targets.

• Fix arm testing infra to use various qemu models that expand testing to all standard multi-lib configurations.

• Adjust floating exception stubs to return success when appropriate, instead of always returning ENOSYS.

• Make sure sNaN raises FE_INVALID and is converted to qNaN in truncl, frexpl and roundl

• Avoid NaN result from fmal caused by multiply overflow when addend is infinity (-inf + inf results in NaN in that case).

Picolibc version 1.8.2

• Support _ZEPHYR_SOURCE macro which, like _POSIX_SOURCE et al, controls whether the library expresses the Zephyr C library API. This is also automatically selected when the ZEPHYR macro is defined and no other _*_SOURCE macro is defined.

• Add another cross compile property, 'libgcc', which specifies the library containing soft float and other compiler support routines.

• Fix a couple of minor imprecisions in pow and 80-bit powl.

• Merge newlib changes that included an update to the ARM assembly code.

• Replace inexact float/string conversion code with smaller code that doesn't use floating point operations to save additional space on soft float targets.

• More cmake fixes, including making the inexact printf and locale options work.

Picolibc version 1.8.1

• Fix cmake build system to auto-detect compiler characteristics instead of assuming the compiler is a recent version of GCC. This allows building using cmake with clang.

• Fix cmake build system to leave out TLS support when TLS is disabled on the cmake command line.

• Replace inline asm with attributes for __weak_reference macro

• Add allocation attributes to malloc and stdio functions. This allows the compiler to detect allocation related mistakes as well as perform some additional optimizations. Bugs found by this change were also addressed.

• Add wchar_t support to tinystdio, eliminating the last missing feature compared with the legacy stdio bits from newlib. With this, libstdc++ can be built with wide char I/O support, eliminating the last missing feature there as well.

• Eliminate use of command line tools when building with a new enough version of meson. Thanks to Michael Platings.

• Add Microblaze support. Thanks to Alp Sayin.

• Switch semihosting to use binary mode when opening files. Thanks to Hardy Griech.

• Build and install static library versions of the crt0 startup code. These allows developers to reference them as libraries on the command line instead of needing special compiler support to locate the different variants, which is useful when using clang. Thanks to Simon Tatham.

• Simplify the signal/raise implementation to use a single global array of signal handlers and to not use getpid and kill, instead raise now directly invokes _exit. This makes using assert and abort simpler and doesn't cause a large TLS block to be allocated. Thanks to Joe Nelson for discovering the use of a TLS variable here.

Picolibc version 1.8

With the addition of nearly complete long double support in the math library, it seems like it's time to declare a larger version increment than usual.

• Improve arc and xtensa support, adding TLS helpers and other build fixes

• Fix FPSCR state for Arm8.1-M low overhead loops (thanks to David Green)

• Add -Werror=double-promotion to default error set and fix related errors. (thanks to Ryan McClelland)

• Fix locking bug in malloc out-of-memory path and freeing a locked mutex in the tinystdio bufio code. These were found with lock debugging code in Zephyr.

• Add some missing functions in tinystdio, strto*l_l, remove, tmpname/tmpfile which were published in stdio.h but not included in the library.

• Switch read/write functions to use POSIX types instead of legacy cygwin types. This makes mapping to existing an POSIX api work right.

• Add %b support to tinystdio printf and scanf. These are disabled by default as they aren't yet standardized.

• Fix avr math function support. The avr version of gcc has modes where double and long double are 32 or 64 bits, so the math library code now detects all of that at compile time rather than build time and reconfigures the functions to match the compiler types.

• Add nearly complete long double support from openlibm for 80-bit Intel and 128-bit IEEE values (in addition to supporting 64-bit long doubles). Still missing are Bessel functions and decimal printf/scanf support.

• Add limited long double support for IBM 'double double' form. This is enough to run some simple tests, but doesn't have any significant math functions yet.

• Get Power9 code running under qemu with OPAL. This was mostly needed to validate the big-endian and exception code for 128-bit long doubles, but was also used to validate the double double support.

• Provide times() and sysconf() implementations in semihosting. You can now build and run the dhrystone benchmark without any further code.

• Fix use of TLS variables with stricter alignment requirements in the default linker script and startup code. (thanks to Joakim Nohlgård and Alexander Richardson who found this issue while working on lld support).

Picolibc version 1.7.9

• Support all Zephyr SDK targets

• Support relocating the toolchain by using GCC_EXEC_PREFIX for sysroot-install when compiler doesn't use sysroot.

• Add MIPS, SPARC and ARC support

• Deal with RISC-V changes in gcc that don't reliably include zicsr

• Support Picolibc as default C library with -Dsystem-libc option. With this, you can use picolibc without any extra compiler options.

• Merge current newlib bits to get code that doesn't use struct _reent

• Get rid of struct _reent in legacy stdio code

• Support 16-bit int targets by fixing a few places assuming sizeof(int) == 4, object sizes not using size_t, wint_t for ucs-4 values

• Add MSP430 support

• Fix a couple of clang bugs (one on Cortex M0)

• Support libc++ by adding non-standard mbstate_t.h

• Merge i686 and x86_64 code to allow x86 multilib builds

• Merge Xtensa newlib bits

• Support Xtensa ESP32 targets

• Add Nios II support

Picolibc version 1.7.8

1. Fix el/ix level 4 code type errors

2. Fix out-of-source CMake build (thanks Max Behensky)

3. Improve build.md docs (thanks Kalle Raiskila)

4. Fix cmake build for various architectures

5. Initialize lock in fdopen

6. Remove %M from linker paths in single-arch builds

7. Shrink tinystdio vfprintf and vfscanf a bit

8. Use -fno-builtin-malloc -fno-builtin-free (GCC 12 compat)

9. Use -fno-builtin-copysignl (GCC 12 compat)

10. Add _zicsr to -march for risc-v picocrt (binutils 2.38 compat)

11. Add -no-warn-rwx-segments to link spec (binutils 2.38 compat)

Picolibc version 1.7.7

1. Fix semihost gettimeofday, add a test.

2. Fix config option documentation. (Thanks to rdiez)

3. Document how re-entrant locking APIs are used. (Thanks to rdiez)

4. Fix some 16-bit int issues in tinystdio. (Thanks to Ayke van Laethem)

5. Make header files a bit more POSIX compliant, installing rpc headers, moving byte swapping macros to arpa/inet.h

6. Fix some stdio bugs found by Zephyr test suite: snprintf return value on buffer overflow, add ftello/fseeko, fputc return value, %0a formatting, clear EOF status after ungetc/fseek.

7. Re-do buffered I/O support to handle mixed read/write files correctly. This adds setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf.

8. Add fmemopen and freopen.

9. Add enough cmake support to allow Zephyr to build picolibc as a module using that, rather than meson.

10. Merge current newlib bits

11. Fix %p printf/scanf on ILP64 targets.

Picolibc version 1.7.6

1. Fix use with C++ applications caused by a syntax error in picolibc.specs

2. Automatically include '-nostdlib' to options used while evaluating build rules to ensure tests work as expected.

3. Publish aarch64 inline math functions, ensure that inline fma functions work in installed applications for arm and risc-v.

Picolibc version 1.7.5

1. Fix build on big-endian systems (thanks to Thomas Daede)

2. Add m68k support (thanks to Thomas Daede).

3. Fix build issues with ARM Cortex-a9 target (thanks to Ilia Sergachev).

4. Fix fwrite(x,0,y,z) in both tinystdio and legacy stdio. tinystdio returned the wrong value and legacy stdio caused a divide-by-zero fault.

5. Update Ryu code to match upstream (minor fixes)

6. Fix various __NEWLIB and __PICOLIBC macros; they were using a single leading underscore instead of two (thanks to Vincent Palatin).

7. Fix tinystdio error-handling bugs

8. Merge recent newlib changes (fixed ltdoa in legacy stdio)

9. Speed improvements for github CI system

10. Big-endian PowerPC support

11. Fail builds if most 'run_command' uses fail (thanks to Johan de Claville Christiansen)

12. Positional parameters in tinystdio. With this, I think tinystdio is feature complete.

13. Support for multiple build-styles of picolibc (minsize/release) in one binary package. This still requires separate meson runs.

14. Testing with glibc test code. This uncovered numerous bugs, mostly math errno/exception mistakes, but also a few serious bugs, including a couple of places where the nano-malloc failed to check for out-of-memory. Picolibc now passes all of the glibc math tests except for jn, yn, lgamma and tgamma. The picolibc versions of those functions are too inaccurate. Picolibc also passes most other relevant glibc tests, including stdio, string and stdlib areas.

15. Tinystdio version of fcvt now has a static buffer large enough to hold the maximum return size.

16. Tinystdio versions of ecvtbuf and fcvtbuf have been replaced with ecvt_r and fcvt_r equivalents, which take a 'len' parameter to prevent buffer overruns.

17. Add the GeneratePicolibcCrossFile.sh script which provides a way to isolate picolibc build scripts from the vagaries of meson version shifts (thanks to R. Diez).

18. Add 'semihost' version of crt0 that calls 'exit' after main returns. The ARM and RISC-V versions of this also include trap handlers for exceptions that print out information and exit when an exception occurs.

Picolibc version 1.7.4

1. Clean up meson build bits, including use of 'fs module (thanks to Yasushi Shoji).

2. Speed up github actions by sharing Debian docker image (thanks to Yasushi Shoji).

3. Reduce use of intermediate static libraries during build

4. Use standard Meson architecture names everywhere (thanks to Yasushi Shoji).

5. Support building with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE enabled.

6. Clean up 32-bit arm assembly code, eliminating __aeabi wrappers where possible.

7. Add basename, dirname and fnmatch back.

8. Fix all old-style (K&R) function definitions.

9. Enable lots more compiler warning flags.

10. Remove last uses of alloca in legacy stdio code.

11. Add tests from musl libc-testsuite. There aren't many tests, but these identified a few bugs.

12. Add lots more exception and errno tests for the math functions.

13. Restructure math library to always use the __math_err functions to raise exceptions and set errno. This removes the w_*.c wrapper functions and eliminates the __ieee names. This centralizes compiler work-arounds to ensure run-time evaluation of expressions intended to raise exceptions. In the process, all of the libm/math files were reformatted with clang-format.

14. Make tinystdio '%a' compatible with glibc, including supporting rounding and trimming trailing zeros when possible.

15. Remove floating point exception generation code on targets without floating point exception support. This reduces code size on soft float machines without affecting results.

Picolibc version 1.7.3

1. Add -Wall -Wextra to default builds. Fixed warnings this raised.

2. Add htonl and friends (based on __htonl). Thanks to Johan de Claville Christiansen

3. Set errno in scalbn and scalbnf (patch forwarded to newlib).

4. Merge newlib recent changes which includes a couple of libm fixes.

Picolibc version 1.7.2

1. Fix picolibc.ld to split C++ exceptions back apart (thanks to Khalil Estell)

2. Add vsscanf to tinystdio (required for libstdc++).

3. Also stick -isystem in C++ compile command to try and get picolibc headers to be used instead of newlib.

Picolibc version 1.7.1

1. Add __cxa_atexit implementation to 'picoexit' path as required by C++

2. Fix lack of 'hh' support in integer-only tinystdio printf path.

3. Fix tinystdio __file flag initialization for C++ apps

Picolibc version 1.7

1. Merge libc and libm into a single library. Having them split doesn't offer any advantages while requiring that applications add '-lm' to link successfully. Having them merged allows use of libm calls from libc code.

2. Add hex float format to *printf, *scanf and strto{d,f,ld}. This is required for C99 support.

3. Unify strto{d,f,ld} and *scanf floating point parsing code. This ensures that the library is consistent in how floats are parsed.

4. Make strto{d,f,ld} set errno to ERANGE on overflow/underflow, including when the result is a subnormal number.

Picolibc version 1.6.2

1. Change restrict keyword in published headers to __restrict to restore compatibility with applications building with --std=c18.

2. Additional cleanups in time conversion funcs (Thanks to R. Riez)

Picolibc version 1.6.1

1. Code cleanups for time conversion funcs (Thanks to R. Diez)

2. Add '-fno-stack-protector' when supported by the C compiler to avoid trouble building with native Ubuntu GCC.

3. Bug fix for converting denorms with sscanf and strto{d,f,ld}.

4. Use asm for inline asm code to allow building applications with --std=c18

5. Fix exit code for semihosting 'abort' call to make it visible to the hosting system.

6. Add strfromf and strfromd implementations. These are simple wrappers around sscanf, but strfromf handles float conversions without requiring a pass through 'double' or special linker hacks.

Picolibc version 1.6

1. Bugfix for snprintf(buf, 0) and vsnprintf(buf, 0) to avoid smashing memory

2. Support building libstdc++ on top of picolibc

3. Add 'hosted' crt0 variant that calls exit when main returns. This makes testing easier without burdening embedded apps with unused exit processing code.

4. Add 'minimal' crt0 variant that skips constructors to save space on systems known to not use any.

5. Fix HW floating point initialization on 32-bit ARM processors to perform 'dsb' and 'isb' instructions to ensure the FPU enabling write is complete before executing any FPU instructions.

6. Create a new '--picolibc-prefix' GCC command line parameter that sets the base of all picolibc file names.

7. Add bare-metal i386 and x86_64 initializatiton code (thanks to Mike Haertel). These initalize the processor from power up to running code without requiring any BIOS.

8. Merge newlib as of late April, 2021

9. Add 'timegm' function (thanks to R. Diez).

10. Fix a number of tinystdio bugs: handle fread with size==0, parse 'NAN' and 'INF' in fscanf in a case-insensitive manner, fix negative precision to '*' arguments in printf, fix handling of 'j', 'z' and 't' argument size specifiers (thanks to Sebastian Meyer).

11. Make the fenv API more consistent and more conformant with the spec. All architectures now fall back to the default code for soft float versions, which avoids having the various exception and rounding modes get defined when not supported.

Picolibc version 1.5.1

1. Make riscv crt0 '_exit' symbol 'weak' to allow linking without this function.

Picolibc version 1.5

1. Make picolibc more compatible with C++ compilers.

2. Add GCC specs file and linker script for building C++ applications with G++ that enable exception handling by linking in call stack information.

3. A few clang build fixes, including libm exception generation

4. Nano malloc fixes, especially for 'unusual' arguments

5. Merge in newlib 4.1.0 code

6. More libm exception/errno/infinity fixes, mostly in the gamma funcs.

7. Add tests for all semihost v2.0 functions.

8. A few RISC-V assembly fixes and new libm code.

9. Build fixes to reliably replace generic code with architecture-specific implementations.

With a patch which is pending for GCC 11, we'll be able to build C++ applications that use picolibc with exceptions and iostream.

Picolibc version 1.4.7

1. Fix numerous libm exception and errno bugs. The math functions are all now verified to match the C19 and Posix standards in this area.

2. Change behavior of 'gamma' function to match glibc which returns lgamma for this function. Applications should not use this function, they should pick either lgamma or tgamma as appropriate.

3. Fix fma/fmaf on arm and RISC-V so that the machine-specific versions are used when the hardware has support. Also fix the math library to only use fma/fmaf when it is supported by the hardware.

4. Fix numerous nano-malloc bugs, especially with unusual parameters.

5. Change nano-malloc to always clear returned memory.

6. Improve nano-realloc to perform better in various ways, including merging adjacent free blocks and expanding the heap.

7. Add malloc tests, both a basic functional test and a stress test.

8. Improve build portability to Windows. Picolibc should now build using mingw.

9. Use hardware TLS register on ARM when available.

10. Support clang compiler. Thanks to Denis Feklushkin [email protected] and Joakim Nohlgård [email protected].

11. Avoid implicit float/double conversions. Check this by having clang builds use -Wdouble-promotion -Werror=double-promotion flags

12. Have portable code check for machine-specific overrides by matching filenames. This avoids building libraries with duplicate symbols and retains compatibility with newlib (which uses a different mechanism for this effect).

13. Patches to support building with CompCert, a formally verified compiler. Thanks to Sebastian Meyer [email protected].

Picolibc version 1.4.6

1. Install 'ssp' (stack smashing protection) header files. This fixes compiling with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE.

2. Make getc/ungetc re-entrant. This feature, which is enabled by default, uses atomic instruction sequences that do not require OS support.

3. Numerous iconv fixes, including enabling testing and switching external CCS file loading to use stdio. By default, iconv provides built-in CCS data for all of the supported encodings, which takes a fairly large amount of read-only memory. Iconv is now always included in picolibc as it isn't included in applications unless explicitly referenced by them.

4. Add __getauxval stub implementation to make picolibc work with GCC version 10 compiled for aarch64-linux-gnu.

5. Change how integer- and float- only versions of printf and scanf are selected. Instead of re-defining the symbols using the C preprocessor, picolibc now re-defines the symbols at link time. This avoids having applications compiled with a mixture of modes link in multiple versions of the underlying functions, while still preserving the smallest possible integer-only implementation.

6. Document how to use picolibc on a native POSIX system for testing. Check out the os.md file for details.

7. Merge current newlib bits in. This includes better fenv support, for which tests are now included in the picolibc test suite.

Picolibc version 1.4.5

1. Fix section order in picolibc.ld to give applications correct control over the layout of .preserve, .init and .fini regions.

2. Add startup and TLS support for aarch64 and non Cortex-M 32-bit arm.

Picolibc version 1.4.4

1. Fix floating point 'g' format output in tinystdio. (e.g., for 10.0, print '10' instead of '1e+01'). There are tests which verify a range of 'g' cases like these now.

2. Merge current newlib bits. The only thing which affects picolibc is the addition of fenv support for arm.

Picolibc version 1.4.3

1. Make fix for CVE 2019-14871 - CVE 2019-14878 in original newlib stdio code not call 'abort'. Allocation failures are now reported back to the application.

2. Add 'exact' floating point print/scan code to tinystdio. Thanks to Sreepathi Pai for pointing me at the Ryu code by Ulf Adams.

3. Add regular expression functions from newlib. These were removed by accident while removing POSIX filesystem-specific code.

4. Make tinystdio versions of [efg]cvt functions. This means that the default tinystdio version of picolibc no longer calls malloc from these functions.

5. More clang-compatibility fixes. (Thanks to Denis Feklushkin)

6. Remove stdatomic.h and tgmath.h. (they should not be provide by picolibc)

Picolibc version 1.4.2

1. Clang source compatibility. Clang should now be able to compile the library. Thanks to Denis Feklushkin for figuring out how to make this work.

2. aarch64 support. This enables the existing aarch64 code and provides an example configuration file for getting it built. Thanks for Anthony Anderson for this feature.

3. Testing on github on push and pull-request. For now, this is limited to building the library due to a bug in qemu.

4. Get newlib stdio working again. You can now usefully use Newlib's stdio. This requires a working malloc and is substantially larger than tinystdio, but has more accurate floating point input. This requires POSIX functions including read, write and a few others.

5. Fix long double strtold. The working version is only available when using tinystdio; if using newlib stdio, strtold is simply not available.

6. Improve tinystdio support for C99 printf/scanf additions.

7. Check for correct prefix when sysroot-install option is selected. The value of this option depends on how gcc was configured, and (alas) meson won't let us set it at runtime, so instead we complain if the wrong value was given and display the correct value.

8. Sync up with current newlib head.

Picolibc version 1.4.1

This release contains an important TLS fix for ARM along with a few minor compatibility fixes

1. Make __aeabi_read_tp respect ARM ABI register requirements to avoid clobbering register contents during TLS variable use.

2. Use cpu_family instead of cpu in meson config, which is 'more correct' when building for a single cpu instead of multilib.

3. Make arm sample interrupt vector work with clang

4. Use __inline instead of inline in published headers to allow compiling with -ansi

5. Make 'naked' RISC-V _start function contain only asm statements as required by clang (and recommended by gcc).

6. Use -msave-restore in sample RISC-V cross-compile configuration. This saves text space.

Picolibc version 1.4

This release was focused on cleaning up the copyright and license information.

1. Copyright information should now be present in every source file.

2. License information, where it could be inferred from the repository, was added to many files.

3. 4-clause BSD licenses were changed (with permission) to 3-clause

4. Fix RISC-V ieeefp.h exception bits

5. Merge past newlib 3.2.0

6. Add PICOLIBC_TLS preprocessor define when the library has TLS support

Picolibc version 1.3

This release now includes tests, and fixes bugs found by them.

1. ESP8266 support added, thanks to Jonathan McDowell.

2. Numerous test cases from newlib have been fixed, and precision requirements adjusted so that the library now passes its own test suite on x86, RISC-V and ARM.

3. String/number conversion bug fixes. This includes fcvt/ecvt/gcvt shared with newlib and tinystdio printf/scanf

4. A few RISC-V ABI fixes, including setting the TLS base correctly, compiling with -mcmodel=medany, and enabling the FPU for libraries built to use it.

5. Semihosting updates, including adding unlink, kill and getpid (which are used by some tests).

Picolibc version 1.2

This release includes important fixes in picolibc.ld and more semihosting support.

1. File I/O and clock support for semihosting. This enables fopen/fdopen support in tinystdio along with an API to fetch a real time clock value.

2. Fix picolibc.ld to not attempt to use redefined symbols for memory space definitions. These re-definitions would fail and the default values be used for system memory definitions. Instead, just use the ? : operators each place the values are needed. Linker scripts continue to mystify.

3. Expose library definitions in 'picolibc.h', instead of 'newlib.h' and '_newlib_version.h'

4. Define HAVE_SEMIHOST when semihosting support is available. This lets the 'hello-world' example do some semihost specific things.

Picolibc version 1.1

A minor update from 1.0, this release includes:

1. semihost support. This adds console I/O and exit(3) support on ARM and RISC-V hosts using the standard semihosting interfaces.

2. Posix I/O support in tinystdio. When -Dposix-io=true is included in the meson command line (which is the default), tinystdio adds support for fopen and fdopen by using malloc, open, close, read, write and lseek. If -Dposix-console=true is also passed to meson, then picolibc will direct stdin/stdout/stderr to the posix standard file descriptors (0, 1, 2).

3. Merge recent upstream newlib code. This brings picolibc up to date with current newlib sources.

4. Hello world example. This uses a simple Makefile to demonstrate how to us picolibc when installed for ARM and RISC-V embedded processors. The resulting executables can be run under qemu.

5. Remove newlib/libm/mathfp directory. This experimental code never worked correctly anyways.

Picolibc version 1.0

This is the first release of picolibc. Major changes from newlib include:

1. Remove all non-BSD licensed code. None of it was used in building the embedded library, and removing it greatly simplifies the license situation.

2. Move thread-local values to native TLS mechanism

3. Add smaller stdio from avr-libc, which is enabled by default

4. Switch build system to meson. This has two notable benefits; the first is that building the library is much faster, the second is that it isolates build system changes from newlib making merging of newlib changes much easier.

5. Add simple startup code. This can be used in environments that don't have complicated requirements, allowing small applications to avoid needing to figure this out.