Bug when optimizing JPEG

[LewisCowlesMotive]

What did you do?

I ran the attached code to resize, and then save an image from URL; I checked using a jupyter notebook and at various stages the image seems fine, so it seems to be saving code, with optimize=True which causes the issue.

What did you expect to happen?

Image resized, without artifacts

What actually happened?

Artifacts in the image. Unsure why.

What are your OS, Python and Pillow versions?

• OS: MacOS
• Python: 3.11.6
• Pillow: 10.1.0

Code to download an image, process it as 128x128 and save it

import base64
import io
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Tuple

import requests
from PIL import Image
EXIF_ORIENTATION_BYTE_OFFSET = 0x0112

url = "http://localhost:8080/13246.png"
s = requests.Session()
response = s.get(url, timeout=10)
image_file = io.BytesIO(response.content)

def make_white_copy(image: Image, background_color: Tuple[int, int, int]=(255, 255, 255)) -> Image:
    """Ensure we get correct background when cropping image."""
    width = image.width
    height = image.height
    is_landscape = width > height
    is_portrait = height > width
    x_pos = 0
    y_pos = 0
    if width != height:
        if is_landscape:
            desired_width = width
            desired_height = int(height * (width / height))
            x_pos = 0
            y_pos = int((desired_width - height) / 2)
        elif is_portrait:
            desired_width = int(width * (height / width))
            desired_height = height
            x_pos = int((desired_height - width) / 2)
            y_pos = 0

    new_img = Image.new("RGB", (desired_width, desired_height), background_color)
    new_img.paste(image, (x_pos, y_pos))
    return new_img


def transpose_by_exif(image: Image) -> Image:
    """Use exif data if present to perform action on image."""
    orientation = image.getexif().get(EXIF_ORIENTATION_BYTE_OFFSET)
    if orientation is not None and orientation > 1:
        transposition_action = {
            2: Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT,
            3: Image.ROTATE_180,
            4: Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM,
            5: Image.TRANSPOSE,
            6: Image.ROTATE_270,
            7: Image.TRANSVERSE,
            8: Image.ROTATE_90,
        }.get(orientation)
        image = image.transpose(transposition_action)
    return image


def resize(image: Image) -> Image:
    """Resize Image to dimensions."""
    size = (128, 128)
    image.thumbnail(size)
    return image

saved_image = None
img = Image.open(image_file)
managed_image = resize(make_white_copy(img))
with Path.open("/Users/lewiscowles/Desktop/13246.jpg", "w") as out:
    managed_image.save(
        out,
        "JPEG",
        optimize=True,
        quality=100,
        jfif_unit=1,
        dpi=(96, 96),
        jfif_density=(96, 96),
    )

[LewisCowlesMotive]

Interesting side-note. Not all images get these boxes, so this is why I attached source and examples to this; it's definitely a weird bug. One other image got just one square, instead of two. These could be valid JPEG for all I know, but browsers show them with these squares in the corners.

It would be nice to strip out some spare space if possible from the images, but for now our fix has been to remove optimize=True and then things just work ™️

[radarhere]

I wasn't able to replicate your problem locally on my macOS machine with Python 3.11 and Pillow 10.1.0.

So I turned your example code and image into a test, but the test passed in every CI environment that I checked. See https://github.com/radarhere/Pillow/actions/runs/7099533813/job/19323721929#step:8:1374 for example.

[homm]

Does this happen with Pillow 9.5.0? It could be related to #7477 and libjpeg version

[LewisCowlesMotive]

The reported pillow version is 10.1.0, which is also in poetry lock file for project; confirmed no other pillow dependencies are in that file. It is for-sure weird this can't be replicated. So could it be that somehow my machine has a libjpeg version which is incorrect, and the pre-compiled wheel does not detect that?

[homm]

The reported pillow version is 10.1.0

But does this happen for you with the same setup with Pillow 9.5.0? Could you check please?

[LewisCowlesMotive]

I did just find the following by making a virtualenv and running make install

--- JPEG support ok, compiled for libjpeg-turbo 3.0.0

So it could be libjpeg-turbo 3.0.0 that is the issue here. Which is weird right?

[LewisCowlesMotive]

Oh interesting with 9.5.0 this bug does not exist. 🐙

[radarhere]

Ok, this is making sense. In #7477, as was mentioned, some users have found that libjpeg-turbo 3.0.0 causes some corruption. Our wheels only upgraded to that version with Pillow 10.0.1.

The next release of Pillow, due out on January 2, will include libjpeg-turbo 3.0.1.

If you would like to have an immediate fix with Pillow >= 10.1.0, you can either build Pillow from source, or install a wheel from main -
pillow-10.2.0.dev0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl.zip

[LewisCowlesMotive]

lock file differences:

from

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to

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[LewisCowlesMotive]

For now I'm going to leave off the optimize=True, but once that version is published, would you mind marking this issue closed, as then I'd get an update, and can test with the new version.

[LewisCowlesMotive]

Do we know what it is about the difference in versions causing this problem?

[radarhere]

Looking at the libjpeg-turbo changelog, the likely candidate is

Fixed two minor issues in the interblock smoothing algorithm that caused mathematical (but not necessarily perceptible) edge block errors when decompressing progressive JPEG images exactly two MCU blocks in width or that use vertical chrominance subsampling.

[radarhere]

Pillow 10.2.0 has now been published, with libjpeg-turbo 3.0.1 in the wheels.