From f49a91648aac2ad55b2e005ba28fac1c7edca020 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Shannon Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 15:23:39 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] GH-117759: Document incremental GC (GH-123266) * Update what's new * Update gc module docs and fix inconsistency in gc.get_objects --- Doc/library/gc.rst | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------ Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst | 13 ++++++++++ Python/gc.c | 27 ++++++++++++--------- 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/library/gc.rst b/Doc/library/gc.rst index 790dfdfd00b196..1065ec30802841 100644 --- a/Doc/library/gc.rst +++ b/Doc/library/gc.rst @@ -40,11 +40,18 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions: .. function:: collect(generation=2) - With no arguments, run a full collection. The optional argument *generation* + Perform a collection. The optional argument *generation* may be an integer specifying which generation to collect (from 0 to 2). A - :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the generation number is invalid. The sum of + :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the generation number is invalid. The sum of collected objects and uncollectable objects is returned. + Calling ``gc.collect(0)`` will perform a GC collection on the young generation. + + Calling ``gc.collect(1)`` will perform a GC collection on the young generation + and an increment of the old generation. + + Calling ``gc.collect(2)`` or ``gc.collect()`` performs a full collection + The free lists maintained for a number of built-in types are cleared whenever a full collection or collection of the highest generation (2) is run. Not all items in some free lists may be freed due to the @@ -53,6 +60,9 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions: The effect of calling ``gc.collect()`` while the interpreter is already performing a collection is undefined. + .. versionchanged:: 3.13 + ``generation=1`` performs an increment of collection. + .. function:: set_debug(flags) @@ -68,13 +78,20 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions: .. function:: get_objects(generation=None) + Returns a list of all objects tracked by the collector, excluding the list - returned. If *generation* is not ``None``, return only the objects tracked by - the collector that are in that generation. + returned. If *generation* is not ``None``, return only the objects as follows: + + * 0: All objects in the young generation + * 1: No objects, as there is no generation 1 (as of Python 3.13) + * 2: All objects in the old generation .. versionchanged:: 3.8 New *generation* parameter. + .. versionchanged:: 3.13 + Generation 1 is removed + .. audit-event:: gc.get_objects generation gc.get_objects .. function:: get_stats() @@ -101,19 +118,27 @@ The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions: Set the garbage collection thresholds (the collection frequency). Setting *threshold0* to zero disables collection. - The GC classifies objects into three generations depending on how many - collection sweeps they have survived. New objects are placed in the youngest - generation (generation ``0``). If an object survives a collection it is moved - into the next older generation. Since generation ``2`` is the oldest - generation, objects in that generation remain there after a collection. In - order to decide when to run, the collector keeps track of the number object + The GC classifies objects into two generations depending on whether they have + survived a collection. New objects are placed in the young generation. If an + object survives a collection it is moved into the old generation. + + In order to decide when to run, the collector keeps track of the number of object allocations and deallocations since the last collection. When the number of allocations minus the number of deallocations exceeds *threshold0*, collection - starts. Initially only generation ``0`` is examined. If generation ``0`` has - been examined more than *threshold1* times since generation ``1`` has been - examined, then generation ``1`` is examined as well. - With the third generation, things are a bit more complicated, - see `Collecting the oldest generation `_ for more information. + starts. For each collection, all the objects in the young generation and some + fraction of the old generation is collected. + + The fraction of the old generation that is collected is **inversely** proportional + to *threshold1*. The larger *threshold1* is, the slower objects in the old generation + are collected. + For the default value of 10, 1% of the old generation is scanned during each collection. + + *threshold2* is ignored. + + See `Garbage collector design `_ for more information. + + .. versionchanged:: 3.13 + *threshold2* is ignored .. function:: get_count() diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst index 8386d7a3229482..397ecde571805b 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst @@ -495,6 +495,19 @@ Incremental garbage collection The cycle garbage collector is now incremental. This means that maximum pause times are reduced by an order of magnitude or more for larger heaps. + +There are now only two generations: young and old. +When :func:`gc.collect` is not called directly, the +GC is invoked a little less frequently. When invoked, it +collects the young generation and an increment of the +old generation, instead of collecting one or more generations. + +The behavior of :func:`!gc.collect` changes slightly: + +* ``gc.collect(1)``: Performs an increment of GC, + rather than collecting generation 1. +* Other calls to :func:`!gc.collect` are unchanged. + (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`108362`.) diff --git a/Python/gc.c b/Python/gc.c index 1978c7c851f4d6..3d36792ffb27fc 100644 --- a/Python/gc.c +++ b/Python/gc.c @@ -1712,20 +1712,25 @@ _PyGC_GetObjects(PyInterpreterState *interp, int generation) GCState *gcstate = &interp->gc; PyObject *result = PyList_New(0); - if (result == NULL) { - return NULL; + /* Generation: + * -1: Return all objects + * 0: All young objects + * 1: No objects + * 2: All old objects + */ + if (result == NULL || generation == 1) { + return result; } - - if (generation == -1) { - /* If generation is -1, get all objects from all generations */ - for (int i = 0; i < NUM_GENERATIONS; i++) { - if (append_objects(result, GEN_HEAD(gcstate, i))) { - goto error; - } + if (generation <= 0) { + if (append_objects(result, &gcstate->young.head)) { + goto error; } } - else { - if (append_objects(result, GEN_HEAD(gcstate, generation))) { + if (generation != 0) { + if (append_objects(result, &gcstate->old[0].head)) { + goto error; + } + if (append_objects(result, &gcstate->old[1].head)) { goto error; } }