diff --git a/src/test_typing_extensions.py b/src/test_typing_extensions.py
index 09e987a1..5728bde5 100644
--- a/src/test_typing_extensions.py
+++ b/src/test_typing_extensions.py
@@ -5520,6 +5520,8 @@ def test_substitution(self):
         T = TypeVar('T')
         P = ParamSpec('P')
         Ts = TypeVarTuple("Ts")
+        U1 = Unpack[Tuple[int, str]]
+        U2 = Unpack[Ts]
 
         C1 = Concatenate[str, T, ...]
         self.assertEqual(C1[int], Concatenate[str, int, ...])
@@ -5527,10 +5529,11 @@ def test_substitution(self):
         C2 = Concatenate[str, P]
         self.assertEqual(C2[...], Concatenate[str, ...])
         self.assertEqual(C2[int], (str, int))
-        U1 = Unpack[Tuple[int, str]]
-        U2 = Unpack[Ts]
+        self.assertEqual(C2[int, ...], (str, int, ...))
+
         self.assertEqual(C2[U1], (str, int, str))
         self.assertEqual(C2[U2], (str, Unpack[Ts]))
+        self.assertEqual(C2["U1"], (str, typing.ForwardRef("U1")))
 
         if (3, 12, 0) <= sys.version_info < (3, 12, 4):
             with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
@@ -5541,7 +5544,22 @@ def test_substitution(self):
 
         C3 = Concatenate[str, T, P]
         self.assertEqual(C3[int, [bool]], (str, int, bool))
+        self.assertEqual(C3[int, ...], Concatenate[str, int, ...])
+        self.assertEqual(C3[int, Concatenate[str, P]], Concatenate[str, int, str, P])
+
+    @skipIf((3, 10) <= sys.version_info < (3, 12), reason="no backport yet")
+    def test_invalid_substitution(self):
+        T = TypeVar('T')
+        Ts = TypeVarTuple("Ts")
+        U1 = Unpack[Tuple[int, str]]
+        U2 = Unpack[Ts]
+
+        C1 = Concatenate[str, T, ...]
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Too many arguments"):
+            C1[U1]
 
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"Unpack\[Ts\] is not valid as type argument"):
+            C1[U2]
 
 class TypeGuardTests(BaseTestCase):
     def test_basics(self):
diff --git a/src/typing_extensions.py b/src/typing_extensions.py
index db4de049..13a4b3f1 100644
--- a/src/typing_extensions.py
+++ b/src/typing_extensions.py
@@ -1766,13 +1766,17 @@ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 if not hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
     # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
 
-    #3.9.0-1
+    # 3.9.0-1
     if not hasattr(typing, '_type_convert'):
         def _type_convert(arg, module=None, *, allow_special_forms=False):
             """For converting None to type(None), and strings to ForwardRef."""
             if arg is None:
                 return type(None)
             if isinstance(arg, str):
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 9, 6):
+                    return ForwardRef(arg)
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 9, 7):
+                    return ForwardRef(arg, module=module)
                 return ForwardRef(arg, module=module, is_class=allow_special_forms)
             return arg
     else:
@@ -1812,10 +1816,10 @@ def __parameters__(self):
         # 3.8; needed for typing._subs_tvars
         # 3.9 used by __getitem__ below
         def copy_with(self, params):
-            if isinstance(params[-1], (list, tuple)):
-                return (*params[:-1], *params[-1])
             if isinstance(params[-1], _ConcatenateGenericAlias):
                 params = (*params[:-1], *params[-1].__args__)
+            elif isinstance(params[-1], (list, tuple)):
+                return (*params[:-1], *params[-1])
             elif (not(params[-1] is ... or isinstance(params[-1], ParamSpec))):
                 raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
                         "ParamSpec variable or ellipsis.")
@@ -1847,10 +1851,21 @@ def __getitem__(self, args):
                     if len(params) == 1 and not _is_param_expr(args[0]):
                         assert i == 0
                         args = (args,)
-                    # Convert lists to tuples to help other libraries cache the results.
-                    elif isinstance(args[i], list):
+                    # This class inherits from list do not convert
+                    elif (
+                        isinstance(args[i], list)
+                        and not isinstance(args[i], _ConcatenateGenericAlias)
+                    ):
                         args = (*args[:i], tuple(args[i]), *args[i+1:])
 
+            alen = len(args)
+            plen = len(params)
+            if alen != plen:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Too {'many' if alen > plen else 'few'} arguments for {self};"
+                    f" actual {alen}, expected {plen}"
+                )
+
             subst = dict(zip(self.__parameters__, args))
             # determine new args
             new_args = []
@@ -1860,6 +1875,16 @@ def __getitem__(self, args):
                     continue
                 if isinstance(arg, TypeVar):
                     arg = subst[arg]
+                    if (
+                        (isinstance(arg, typing._GenericAlias) and _is_unpack(arg))
+                        or (
+                            hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias")
+                            and isinstance(arg, _types.GenericAlias)
+                            and getattr(arg, "__unpacked__", False)
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{arg} is not valid as type argument")
+
                 elif isinstance(arg,
                                 typing._GenericAlias
                                 if not hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") else