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<html>
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<Work rdf:about="">
<dc:title>leptonica</dc:title>
<dc:date>2001</dc:date>
<dc:description>An open source C library for efficient image processing and image analysis operations</dc:description>
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<dc:title>Dan S. Bloomberg</dc:title>
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<dc:title>Dan S. Bloomberg</dc:title>
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<pre>
/*====================================================================*
- Copyright (C) 2001 Leptonica. All rights reserved.
-
- Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- are met:
- 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
- disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
- provided with the distribution.
-
- THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
- CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
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- SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*====================================================================*/
</pre>
<h2 align=center>Version Notes for Leptonica</h2>
<h3 align=center>25 Jan 2016</h3>
<hr>
<h2 align=center> <IMG SRC="moller52.jpg" border=1 ALIGN_MIDDLE> </h2>
<hr>
<p>
Note: The following are highlights of the changes in each version.
They are <i>not</i> a complete listing of the modifications.
<pre>
1.73 25 Jan 16
All lept_* functions have been rewritten to avoid path rewrites for
output to temp files, which were introduced in 1.72.
Now, (1) files are written to the directory specified and (2) we
are careful to write to subdirectories of /tmp/lept/ for all test
programs, starting with the reg tests and prog/dewarp* and
prog/recog*. This also required re-writing stringcode.c and
stringtemplate1.txt to write temp files to subdirectories.
Goal is to write to the specified path while not spamming the
/tmp and /tmp/lept directories. This is particularly important
on windows because files in the <TEMP> directory are not cleared
on reboot.
Naming changes (to avoid collisions):
#defines MALLOC --> LEPT_MALLOC, CALLOC --> LEPT_CALLOC, etc.
ByteBuffer --> L_ByteBuffer
Added grayscale histogram functions that can be used to compare images.
Added functions to determine if an image region has horizontal
text lines.
Added functions to compare photo regions of images to determine
if they're essentially the same.
Added red-black tree utility functions to implement maps and sets.
The keys for maps and sets can be 64-bit entities (signed and
unsigned integers and doubles).
Implemented hashsets and hashmaps, using 64 bit keys.
Replaced the numaHash by l_dnaHash; removed numa2d
Improved security of tiff and gif reading, to prevent memory corruption
when reading bad data.
Removed src files: bootnumgen.c
Added src files: rbtree.c, rbtree.h, map.c, bootnumgen1.c, bootnumgen2.c
Added prog files: rbtreetest.c, maptest.c, settest.c, hashtest.c,
recog_bootnum.c, percolatetest.c
Added files for building using cmake (Egor Pugin)
1.72 5 Apr 15
Better handling of 1 bpp colormap read/write with png so that
they are losseless. The colormap is always removed on read and
the conversion is to the simplest non-cmapped pix that can fully
represent the input -- both with and without alpha.
Fixed overflow bug in pixCorrelationBinary().
Fixed orientation flags and handling of 16 bit RGB in tiff.
Also new wrappers to TIFFClientOpen(), so we no longer go through
the file descriptor for memory operations.
Improvements in the dewarp functions.
New box sequence smoothings.
New antialiased painting through mask; previously it was only
implemented for connected components in a mask.
Better error handling and debug output with jpeg2000 read/write.
Implemented base64 encoding. This allows binary data to be represented
as a C string that can be compiled. Used this in bmf utility.
Implemented automatic code generation for deserialization from
compiled strings (stringcode.*)
Regression tests write to leptonica subdir of <Temp> in windows; in
unix it is optional. This avoids spamming the <Temp> directory.
Added new colorspace conversions (XYZ, LAB).
New source files: encoding.c, bmfdata.h, stringcode.c, stringcode.h,
bootnumgen.c.
Removed source files: convolvelow.c, graymorphlow.c
New programs: genfonts_reg, colorize_reg, texturefill_reg,
autogentest1, autogentest2.
alltests_reg now has 66 tests.
1.71 18 Jun 14
This version supports tesseract 3.0.4. In particular, 3.0.4
has automatic conversion of a set of scanned images, either in a
directory or coming directly from a scanner, into pdf with injected
text. This is something we've wanted to do for several years!
Improved jp2k header reading, including resolution.
Removed src files: rotateorthlow.c, pdfio.c, pdfiostub.c
Renamed jp2kio.c, jp2kiostub.c ==> jp2kheader.c, jp2kheaderstub.c.
These header reading functions parse the jp2k files, and
don't require a jpeg2000 library.
New jp2kio.c, jp2kiostub.c, that uses openjpeg-2.X to read
and write jp2k. We now support I/O from these formats:
png, tiff, jpeg, bmp, pnm, webp, gif and jp2k
as well as writing to PostScript and pdf.
New pdfio1.c, pdfio1stub.c, pdfio2.c pdfio2stub.c, where we've
split functions into high and low level.
Fixed memory bug in bilateral.c
Improved reading/write of binary data from file. For example,
l_binaryReadStream() can now be used to capture data piped
in via stdin.
Font directory now arg passed in everywhere (not hardcoded)
Don't write temporary files to /tmp; only to a small number of
subdirectories, to avoid spamming the /tmp directory. E.g.,
for regression tests, the current output is now to /tmp/regout/.
For jpeg reading modify pixReadJpeg() to take as a hint
a bit flag that allows extraction of only the luminance channel.
Allow wrapping of pdf objects from png images without transcoding
(thanks to Jeff Breidenbach)
Better support for alpha on read/write with png, including
1 bpp with colormap, alpha (supported in png with transparency array)
1.70 3 Feb 14 (distribution to debian; ubuntu 14-04; 4.1.0)
New bilateral filtering.
New simple character recognition utility.
Improved dewarping functionality, in model building and rendering.
More flexible use of ref models.
Better and more consistent handling of alpha layer in RGBA, though
use of the spp field. Ability to handle more png files with alpha,
including palette with alpha.
New fast converters from jpeg and jpeg2000 to pdf, without transcoding.
Made bmp reader (and pix reading in general) more robust; avoid
size overflow errors.
New text labelling operations; depth conversion of a set of images
New license (essentially BSD 2-clause), to specify conditions
for both source and binary distribution.
Improved auto make: make all progs, install just 11, test 61.
New src files: bilateral.{c,h}, dewarp1.c, dewarp2.c,
dewarp3.c, dewarp4.c, jp2kio.c, jp2kiostub.c,
pixlabel.c, recogbasic.c, recogdid.c, recogident.c,
recogtrain.c, recog.h
New prog files: adaptmap_dark.c, alphaxform_ret.c,
bilateral_reg.c, binarize_reg.c, binarize_set.c,
blackwhite_reg.c, blend1_reg.c, blend3_reg.c, blend4_reg.c,
boxa1_reg.c, colorcontent_reg.c, coloring_reg.c,
colorspace_reg.c, compare_reg.c, converttopdf.c,
croptest.c, dewarprules.c, dewarptest1.c, dewarptest2.c,
dewarptest3.c, dewarptest4.c, displayboxa.c, displaypix.c,
displaypixa.c, findcorners_reg.c, fpix1_reg.c,
fpix2_reg.c, fpixcontours.c, insert_reg.c, italictest.c,
jpegio_reg.c, label_reg.c, multitype_reg.c, nearline_reg.c,
newspaper_reg.c, numa1_reg.c, numa2_reg.c, recogsort.c,
recogtest1.c, shear1_reg.c, webpio_reg.c, wordboxes_reg.c
Removed src files: arithlow.c, binexpandlow.c, binreducelow.c,
dewarp.c
Removed prog files: blend_reg.c, blendtest1.c,
dewarptest.c, fpix_reg.c, inserttest.c, numa_reg.c, rotatetest2.c
shear_reg, xvdisp.c
1.69 16 Jan 12 (distribution to debian; ubuntu 12-04; 3.0.0)
Fixed bug in pdf generation for large files, using a new
double array (dnabasic.c). Added several new modes for pdf
generation from sets of images.
Dewarp based on image content now aligns to left and right margins;
works at book level; is more robust to bad disparity models;
version 2 serialization.
Fixed regutils to return the actual number of errors.
Improved sorting efficiency of numas in cases where binning,
which is order N, makes sense.
Fixed fpix serialization (now version 2).
New version (5) of xtractprotos, allows putting prototypes in-line in
allheaders.h. Having them separately in leptprotos.h still an option
New copyright (BDS, 2 clause) on src files.
Removed all trailing whitespace in src files.
New src files: boxfunc4.c coloring.c, dnabasic.c
New prog files: dna_reg.c, alphaops_reg.c
Removed prog file: alphaclean_reg.c
1.68 10 Mar 11
Fixed windows issues with passing pointers across C-runtime boundaries
when using dlls, by providing special functions (e.g., lept_fopen()).
Proper version numbers are now set with automake.
New utility (quadtree.c) for generating quadtree statistics.
New utility (in colorspace.c) for conversions to and from YUV.
Refactored functions for assembling image data for generating
either PS or PDF images using g4, jpeg or flate encoding.
Better tempfile names, using current time in microseconds.
Functions for getting resolution from jpeg and png files.
Use size_t throughout for reading and writing binary data.
Deprecate arrayRead*() and arrayWrite() functions; replace in
the library with l_binaryRead*() and l_binaryWrite().
Better handling of colormap images for in-place rasterop and shear.
New utility (bytearray.c) for parsing and handling binary data;
used for generating PDF files.
New utility (pdfio.c) for generating PDF files.
Refactored regutils functions to make them simpler to use.
Top-level deskew now works on any image.
Added functions in utils.c for cross-platform development, mostly
for functions that make and remove directories, copy, move
and delete files, etc. It should now be straightforward to write
programs that will compile and run on windows.
Reg tests have better printout; all give timings.
New utility program: convertfilestopdf
1.67 9 Nov 10
Autoconf: now built with James Cuirot's config files that
build the library and all 200 progs.
New sudoku solver. Just a game, but there are interesting aspects.
Modified parseprotos.c to reject a type of "extern" decl.
Add faster implementation for very small gray morphology
operations (3x1, 1x3, 3x3).
Eliminate warnings on recent gcc if you don't check return values
from fread, fscanf, fgets, system, etc.
Convolution: new functions for windowed variance and stdev; allow
non-square kernel for windowed mean square.
Put stdio.h and stdlib.h in alltypes.h, so they're not required
in any .c files.
Replace numaConvolve(), which is just a windowed mean, by
windowed statistics functions (mean, mean square, variance).
Generalize pixExtractOnLine() for arbitrary lines.
Add pix interface to webp (webpio.c, webpiostub.c). This is a
new open source codec, based on the video codec vpx (webm).
Serialization of FPix and DPix
Interconversion between FPix and DPix
Integer scaling of FPix and DPix; includes the last row and column.
New convertfiles.c: depth conversion on files in a directory.
Testing programs in prog:
convolve_reg.c, numa_reg.c: expanded test set
projection_reg.c (tests pixRowStats(), pixColumnStats())
dewarptest.c: output ps and pdf files
writemtiff.c: simple driver to write images to a single file
1.66 3 Aug 10
More tweaks for including (or not) bounding box hints for
PS wrapping. Default is to write b.b., but not in functions
that wrap images as full pages (psio1.c, psio2.c)
pix4.c split in two files, and added function to identify c.c.
that are sufficiently similar in shape to rectangles (pix5.c)
Modify 2 and 4 bit setters to clip the input value so that it can
only affect the pixel requested (arrayaccess.c, arrayaccess,h)
New pseudorandom sequence functions (numafunc1.c)
Dewarping camera-based images using textlines (dewarp.c, prog/dewarp*)
Geometrical function for aggregating overlapping bounding boxes.
Programs to generate figures for book chapter "Document Image
Applications" in "Mathematical Morphology: theory and applications"
(see: http:/www.leptonica.org/najman-talbot-book-chapter.html)
(prog/livre*.c)
Functions that do affine and other operations in images with
alpha blending at edges: pix*WithAlpha(). Also do this
with a gamma/inverse-gamma wrapper to further reduce edge aliasing.
(rotate.c, scale.c, projective.c, affine.c, bilinear.c,
prog/alphaxform_reg.c)
Improved color segmentation (fixed bugs; made faster)
Higher order least square fits: quadratic, cubic, quartic. (pts.c)
Various mods for otsu binarization and the *SplitDistribution*()
functions (numafunc2.c, prog/otsutest2.c)
Control sampling in convolution output (convolve.c, prog/fpix_reg.c)
Morphological operations on numas (numafunc1.c, numafunc2.c,
prog/numa_reg.c)
Pix serialization wrapped so we can use pixRead(), etc on these
files (spixio.c, readfile.c, writefile.c)
Gif read/write to memory fixed (and cheated -- using files) (gifio.c)
New fpix and dpix accessors; contour rendering on fpix (fpix1.c, fpix2.c)
Various functions for linearly mapping colors and displaying arrays
of colors (pix4.c, blend.c, prog/rankhisto_reg.c)
Functions for getting approximate ranges of colors and color
components in an image (pix4.c, colormap.c)
Cleaned up windows platform and compiler defines and macros.
1.65 5 Apr 10
Added regression test utility functions for standardizing and
automating construction and running of regression tests. Makes the
golden files when the 2nd arg to the reg test is 'generate'.
(regutils.{c,h})
Converted 22 reg tests in prog to use this; invoked with alltests_reg.
Goal is to put all prog/*_reg.c into this format and put a set
of golden files on the web.
Small fixes in gifio for handling streams properly.
New functions for shifting colors, hue invariant transforms, etc
(blend.c)
prog/dwamorph*.c: rename *1_reg.c to dwalineargen.c; others
converted to standard reg tests.
New rgb convolution functions.
For PS output, write all images with a bounding box hint and with
page numbers, which works for both embedded (e.g., in tex) and
full page generated PS. Once converted to pdf, this is fine
in all situation.
New functions for initialization and random insertion with pixcomp.
For color quantization, make the lightest color white if sufficiently
close; ditto for black (colorquant1.c, colorquant2.c).
Rank binning of 8 bpp and rgb images (numafunc2.c, pix4.c)
A function to rank colors by the intensity of the minimum comp (pix4.c)
New pixRotateBinaryNice(), rotates 1 bpp pix in such a way that
the shear lines aren't visible. (rotate.c)
New pixSaveTiledWithText(), a convenience function to append text
to images that are being tiled. (writefile.c)
Stereoscopic warping functions and stereo pair functions (warper.c)
Linear interpolated shear -- better than rasterop shear (shear.c)
Option to use higher quality chroma (U,V) sampling in jpeg (jpegio.c)
Rename Bmf --> L_Bmf.
New tests in prog:
alltests_reg.c alphaclean_reg.c, psio_reg.c, rankbin_reg.c,
rankhisto_reg.c, warpertest.c
1.64 3 Jan 10
Easy setup for standard byte processing on 8 bpp pix (pix2.c)
Evaluation of difference between similar images; test for
similar images and (compare.c)
Subpixel scaling, with color input and separate scale factors (pixconv.c)
Fix tiff header reader to get correct format (tiffio.c)
Enable pixDisplay() to work with i_view (windows) and with
xzgv and xli as well as xv; allow application to choose
which to use (writefile.c).
Use a mask to specify regions that are changed by a morphological
operation (morphapp.c).
Improve the default sharpening for scaling (scale.c)
Function to test for equivalence of file data (utils.c)
Select and read image files with embedded index (readfile.c)
Fix box size calculation in pixEmbedForRotation(); solution
provided by Brent Sundheimer.
New pixDisplayMultiple(), instead of calling gthumb directly; this
is now set up to use i_view for windows.
Changed criteria for determining if an image is color (colorcontent.c,
colorquant{1,2}.c.
Optional mode where the filename extension is automatically written
to output image files; particularly useful for windows.
Initialize boxa and pixa as full, with minimal placeholders.
Get rank valued numbers and boxes in numa and boxa.
Cute implementation for finding largest solid rectangle (maze.c)
New median cut quantization for mixed (color/gray) images (colorquant2.c)
Many changes to allow the library and applications be built easily
in windows. There is now a thorough windows readme, written by Tom
Powers, for doing this. The windows build information and
project files are now in a new vs2008 directory.
1.63 8 Nov 09
Added pixScaleToGrayFast(), a faster version with very similar quality.
Fixed scaleGrayLILow() to handle edge pixels more accurately
Text processing:
new text application (finditalic.c, prog/finditalic.c) for locating
words in italic type style.
Easier to add text to a pix using the bitmap font stored in
the font directory; see, e.g., prog/writetxt_reg.c.
Blending of 2 images with an alpha channel: pixBlendWithGrayMask()
Fixed bug in color segmentation; it now (again) works properly.
New utility (pixcomp.c) for handling compressed pix arrays in
memory; new PixComp and PixaComp structs.
Fast serialization of pix without compressing (pixSerializeToMemory
and pixDeserializeFromMemory); required serialized colormaps
FileI/O: new functions for reading file headers.
PostScript generation modernized; split psio.c into psio1.c
and psio2.c; added level 3 (flate) encoding.
new functions for reading and writing multipage tiffs, for
arbitrary input images. For writing, compression is lossless
(either g4 or zip)
update all I/O stub files
Miscellaneous: new pixaAddBorderGeneral(); new functions in pix3.c
for counting fg pixels and summing 8 bpp pixels by column and row;
new numaUniformSampling() for resampling with interpolation;
subpixel scaling.
New or improved regression tests in prog:
extrema_reg, pixalloc_reg, blend2_reg, rotateorth_reg,
ioformats_reg, colorseg_reg, pixcomp_reg, pixserial_reg,
writetext_reg, psioseg_reg, subpixel_reg.
Interface changes:
findFileFormat() and findFileFormatBuffer(): now returns format
using input ptr. The function return value is 0 if OK; 1 on error
rename: pixThresholdPixels() --> pixThresholdPixelSum()
1.62 26 Jul 09
Expanded composite Dwa implementation as a sequence of operations,
so that it now works beyond a size of 63. It's typically about 2x
faster than the composite rasterop implementation (with help
from Ankur Jain). Also use data transfer instead of data copy
whenever possible. Thorough tests with binmorph4_reg and binmorph5_reg.
New functions in colorseg.c for masking and histogramming in HSV
color space.
Treat string constants rigorously as const char*, initializing
to char[] if to be used as non-const, or in some cases casting
to char*. This avoids compiler warnings.
Improved color quantization using existing colormap for octcubes
and a new version for grayscale. This will rigorously map most
black and most white octcubes (rsp) to black and white
if they exist in the colormap.
Fast quantization to an existing colormap for color and grayscale.
Fixed some bugs; e.g., in pixAffineSampled() for 1 bpp with
L_BRING_IN_BLACK; reading and writing pnm for 2 and 4 bpp.
In pngio.c, enable compile time control over these settings:
converting 16 bpp --> 8 bpp on read
removing alpha channel on read
setting zlib compression on write
For general scaling, allow sharpening to be optional, and provided
faster sharpening operations.
Improve support for 16 bpp grayscale.
For scaleToGray* functions, reduce the width truncation.
In psio.c, new functions for converting segmented page images
(text and image) into level 2 PostScript.
Removed all implicit casting to const char*.
New custom pix memory allocator, designed for large pix whose
memory needs to be reused many times.
In xtractprotos, we now allow prepending an arbitrary string to
each prototype.
In environ.h, additions for MSVC to work with VC++6, including
prototpye strings for dll import and export (thanks to Ray Smith).
In colorseg.c, new functions for building HSV histograms, finding
peaks, and generating masks based on the peaks.
New or improved regression tests:
pixalloc_reg, binmorph4_reg, binmorph5_reg, conversion_reg,
scale_reg, cmapquant_reg,
1.61 26 Apr 09
New histo-based grayscale quantization: pixGrayQuantizeFromHisto(),
that is used in new pixQuanitzeIfFewColorsMixed().
Made final fix in pixBlockconv(). No underflows; no more overflows!
More efficient rgb write with pnm.
Add proto to jpegiostub.c, allowing proper use of the stubber.
Fix several filter functions to use proper test on filter size; viz.,
pixMinMaxTiles(), several functions in convolve.c.
Redo shear implementation to handle arbitrary angles, to handle
colormapped images, and to avoid the singularity at pi/2.
Removed both static vars from pixSaveTiled().
Generalized pixRotate() to handle colormapped images, and to use
pixRotateBySampling() in place of the removed pixRotateEuclidean().
New skew finder for full angle range, pixFindSkewOrthogonalRange().
For skew detection, now allow shear about image center as well as
about the UL corner.
New rotation reg tests: rotate1_reg.c and rotate2_reg.c.
Better serialization format for boxaa; introduce new version numbers
for boxaa, pixa, and boxa, as required.
Proper init in boxGetGeometry(), boxaGetBoxGeometry(), and the
accessors in sel1.c and kernel.c.
Improved Numa functions in numafunc1.c and numafunc2.c; in
particular, numaMakeHistogramAuto() and numaGetStatsUsingHistogram().
With all histo generators, make sure the start and binsize params
are properly set and are used.
Interface change: Use these parameters implicitly in
numaHistogramGetRankFromVal() and numaHistogramGetValFromRank().
Interface change to ptaGetLinearLSF(): add 1 optional parameter.
In several pixaDisplay*() functions, handle colormaps properly.
pixafunc.c split to pixafunc1.c and pixafunc2.c.
New connected component selections and options in pixaSort.
Patch from Tony Dovgal for reading tiff rgba files.
Added new logical operation options for numas.
New pixConvertRGBToGrayMinMax() that chooses min or max of 3 components.
Computation of pixelwise aligned stats between multiple images
of the same size (e.g., video), in pix4.c.
Very fast binsort implemented for boxa and pixa.
Cleanup and rename stack, queue, heap and ptra functions:
all structs and typedefs start with "L_"
all functions start with "l"
Sel creation for crosses and T junctions.
New thresholding operations to binary; split out from adaptmap.c
into binarize.c.
Implementation of sauvola binarization, including use of pixtiling.
Added composite parallel union and intersection morphological operations.
Small changes to scaling and rotation to improve accuracy; only
visible on very tiny, symmetric images.
Implemented DPix (double precision data); useful for the mean
square accumulator for sauvola binarization.
New fast hybrid grayscale seedfill, in addition to the interative
version (contributed by Ankur Jain).
New or improved regression tests:
rotate1_reg, rotate2_reg, shear_reg, numa_reg, skew_reg,
ptra1_reg, ptra2_reg, paint_reg, smallpix_reg, pta_reg,
pixmem_reg, binarize_reg, grayfill_reg.
1.60 19 Jan 09
Fixed bug in pixBlockconv(), introduced in 1.59, that causes
overflow when convolving with an image that has white (255)
at the edges. [quickly found by Dave Bryan]
Include function to display freetype fonts in a pix.
The files freetype.c and freetype.h are in the distribution, but are not
yet linked into the library. This is contributed by Tony Dovgal,
and this version works only for MSVC.
Found that the problems with binary compression in giflib are fixed
with giflib 4.1.6.
1.59 11 Jan 09
Lots of changes since 1.58.
New files: affinecompose.c, ptra.c, warper.c, watershed.{h,c}.
Split: boxfunc.c --> (boxfunc1.c, boxfunc2.c, boxfunc3.c)
Improved connected component filtering, with logical functions
applied to indicator arrays (pix4.c, pixafunc.c, numafunc1.c).
Function to determine if an image can be quantized nicely with
only a few colors (colorcontent.c, pixconv.c).
New gray seed-filling functions (seedfill.c, seedfilllow.c).
Fixed bugs in tophats and hdome, due to misuse of pixSubtractGray()
(morphapp.c).
New function for improving contrast (adaptmap.c)
Watershed transform (still slightly buggy) (watershed.c,h).
Fast random access into a pix using line pointers (pix1.c, arrayaccess.*)
Conversions of colormaps from gray to color and v.v. (colormap.c)
Seedfill function that applies an upper limit to the fill
distance (seedfill.c)
New function for warping images with random harmonic distortion
(with help from Tony Dovgal).
New generic ptr array utility: all O(1) functions of a stack plus
random replace, insert and delete (ptra.c).
Simple functions for colorizing a grayscale image with an arbitrary
color (pixconv.c, colormap.c)
Flexible affine transforms (translation, scale, rotation) on pta
and boxa (affinecompose.c).
Clipping of foreground (both exact and approximate) starting from
within a rectangular region of the image (pix4.c)
Blending a colored rectangle over an image (pix2.c, boxfunc3.c)
Generation of rectangle covering of mask components (boxfunc3.c).
Block convolution using tiles (for very large images) (convolve.c)
New or improved regression tests in prog:
locminmax_reg, lowaccess_reg, grayfill_reg, adaptnorm_reg,
xformbox_reg, warper_reg, cmapquant_reg, compfilter_reg,
splitcomp_reg, affine_reg, bilinear_reg, projective_reg
Acknowledgments:
(1) Big thanks to Tony Dovgal for helping with the warping
(e.g. for captcha). Tony also provided an implementation that
allows rendering truetype fonts into a Pix on windows.
This is not yet incorporated, because it opens a huge
"can of worms," which is OK if you're going fishing but
maybe not if you're trying to support leptonica on many platforms.
TBD.
(2) David Shao provided a libtools build system that includes
building the prog directory! I believe this will work, but it
is is not yet included because of problems I continue to have
with macros in version 2.61 of gnu libtools.
(3) Steve Rogers is working on a MSVC build for the prog directory.
I hope to have this available for 1.60.
1.58 27 Sept 08
Added serialization for numaa.
New octree quantizer pixOctreeQuantByPopulation(), that uses a
mixture of level2 and level4 octcubes. Renamed many functions
in colorquant1.c, and arranged/documented them more carefully.
Revised documentation in leptonica.org/papers/colorquant.pdf.
Simplified customization for I/O libraries and fmemopen() in environ.h.
Fixed bugs in colormap.c, viewfiles.c, pixarith.c.
Verified Adam Langley's jbig2enc (encoding jbig2 and generating pdf from
these encoded files) works properly with the current version -- see
Section 24 of README.html for usage and build hints.
New separable convolution; let pixConvolve() take 8, 16 and 32 bpp input.
New floating pt pix (FPix) utility, which allows convolution and
arithmetic operations on FPix; also interconversion to Pix.
Ability to read headers on multipage tiff.
More robust updown text detection in flipdetect.c.
Use of sharpening to improve scaling when the scale factor is near 1.0.
See prog/fpix_reg.c for regression test and usage.
See prog/blend_reg.c for blending regression test, with new functions.
1.57 13 Jul 08
New Debian distribution for 1.57 (thanks to Jeff Breidenbach).
Improved the Otsu-type approach for finding a binarization threshold,
by choosing the min in the histogram subject to constraints
(numafunc2.c, adaptmap.c)
New function pixSeedspread() in seedfill.c, similar to a voronoi tiling,
that is used for adaptive thresholding in pixThresholdSpreadNorm().
In the process, fixed a small bug in pixDistanceFunction().
(The approach was suggested by Ray Smith, and uses the fast
Vincent distance function method to expand each seed.)
Generalized the functions in kernel.c to use float weights
for general convolution (Version 2 for kernel), and added
gaussian kernel generation.
Put all jpeg header functions into jpegio.c, where they belong.
Fixed bugs in pixaInsertPix() and pixaRemovePix().
Added read/write serialization for Numaa.
New functions for comparing two images using bounding boxes (classapp.c).
1.56 12 May 08
Added several new 1d barcode decoders. The functional interface
is still in flux.
Autoconf! To get this working, it was necessary to: determine and
set the endian flag; select which libraries are to be linked;
determine if stream-based memory I/O is enabled.
This required a major cleanup of the include files, minimizing
dependencies on external library header files, and getting everything
to work with both autoconf (HAVE_CONFIG_H) and the old
customized makefile. Customization is now all in environ.h.
pixSaveTiled(): a new way to display tiled images.
pixtiling.c: interface for splitting an image into a set of
overlapping tiles, using mirrored borders for tiles touching the
image boundary.
pixBlendHardLight(): new blending mode with nice visual effects.
pixColorFraction(): determines extent of color in image
Both octree and median-cut color quantization check first if
image is essentially grayscale; improvements to both algorithms.
box*TransformOrdered(): general sequence of linear transforms.
colorquant_reg.c, xformbox_reg.c, hardlight_reg.c: new regr tests.
1.55 16 Mar 08
New functions for combining two images arbitrarily through a mask,
including mirrored tiling (pix3.c)
Modify pixSetMasked*() to work on all images (pix3.c)
New functions for extracting masked regions such as pixClipMasked()
(pix3.c) and pixMaskConnComp() and pixMaskBoxa() (boxfunc.c).
New functions to separate fg from bg (pix3.c), one of which is supported
by numaSplitDistribution (numafunc.c).
Modify sobel edge detector to take another parameter (edge.c)
Support for 4 bpp cmyk color space in jpeg (jpegio.c)
Modified median cut color quantization (colorquant2.c)
Renamed colorquant.c (for octree quant) --> colorquant1.c.
Absorbed conncomp.h and colorquant.h into specific files that
depend on them (colorquant1.c, conncomp.c, pix.h)
General convolution with utility for building kernels
(convolve.c, kernel.c)
Initial implementation of 1D barcode reader. So far, we just have the
signal processing to locate barcodes on a page, deskew them, and
find the bar widths, along with decoders for two formats.
(readbarcode.*, prog/barcodetest.c)
Made the default to stub out read/write for non-tiff image formats
to memory; it doesn't work on Macs & they were complaining (*io.c)
Include MSVC project files for building leptonlib under
windows (leptonlib.*)
1.54 21 Jan 08
Histogram equalization (enhance.c).
New functions for pixaa: serialization (r/w), creation
from pixa, and a tiled/scaled display into a pixa (pixabasic.c,
pixafunc.c).
Read/write of tiff to memory (instead of a file, using
the TIFFClientOpen() callback interface), contributed by Adam
Langley (tiffio.c, testing in prog/ioformats_reg).
Improved image statistics functions, both over tiles and
through a mask over the entire image. Added standard deviation
and variance; enable statistics for rgb and colormapped images,
in addition to 8 bpp grayscale (pix3.c). New function to
extract rgb components from a colormapped image (pix2.c).
Fix pixWriteStringPS() to work with all depths and colormap (psio.c)
Enable all non-tiff formats to also write and read to/from memory (*io.c)
Added support for read/write to gif, contributed by Tony Dovgal
(gifio.c, gifiostub.c, imageio.h). See Makefile for instructions
on enabling this.
1.53 29 Dec 07
Add 4th arg to pixDistanceFunction() to specify b.c.,
and fixed output to 16 bpp grayscale pix. (seedfill*.c)
New un-normalized block grayscale convolution (convolve.c)
Fixed bug in getLogBase2(), so that pixMaxDynamicRange() works
properly. This is useful for displaying a 16 bpp pix as
8 bpp (pixarith.c). New function for getting rank val for
rgb over a region specified by a mask (pix3.c). New function
for extremem values of rgb colormap (colormap.c). New
function pixGlobalNormNoSatRGB(), a variant of pixGlobalNormRGB()
that prevents saturation for any component above a specified
rank value (adaptmap.c). Added mechanism for memory
management of pix (pix1.c). Added selective morphology by
region given by a mask (morphapp.c). Fixed prototype extracdtion
to work properly with function prototypes as args; released
version 1.2 of xtractprotos (parseprotos.c, xtractprotos.c).
Add a boxa field for pixaa, along with serialization (pixabasic.c),
and modified display of pixaa to include this (pixafunc.c).
Coalesced the version numbers for pixa, pixaa, boxa, and boxaa
serialization (pix.h).
New progs: modifyhuesat displays modified versions on a grid;
textlinemask shows simple methods for extracting textline masks.
1.52 25 Nov 07
Implemented Breuel's whitespace partitioning algorithm (partition.c).
Generalized pixColorMagnitude() to allow different methods
for computing the color amount of a pixel (colorcontent.c).
New methods for computing overlap of boxes (boxfunc.c).
New methods for painting (solid) and drawing (outline) of boxes,
replacing boxaDisplay() with pixDrawBoxa*() and pixPaintBoxa*()
(pix2.c, boxfunc.c).
Ray Smith fixed bug in the distance function (seedfilllow.c).
For pixConvertTo1() and pixConvertTo8(), treat input pixs as a
const and never return a clone or altered cmap (pixconv.c).
Make pixGlobalNormalRGB() crash-proof (adaptmap.c).
Tony Dovgal added ability to read jpeg comment (jpegio.c).
1.51 21 Oct 07
Improved histogramming of gray and color images (pix3.c)
Histogram statistics (numafunc.c). Better handling of tiff
formats, testing rle and packbits output and improving
level 2 postscript conversion efficiency (readfile.c, psio.c).
Test program for r/w and display of Sels (prog/seliotest.c).
Use endiantest to determine automatically which flags to set
when compiling for big- or little-endians (endiantest.c)
Compute a color magnitude for each rgb pixel (colorcontent.c).
Allow separate modification of hue and saturation (enhance.c).
Global transform of color image for arbitrary white point (adaptmap.c).
1.50 07 Oct 07
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOTE CAREFULLY: The image format enum in imageio.h has
changed. This is an ABI change, and it requires
recompilation of the library.
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Suggestions by David Bryan again resulted in several changes,
including improvements to the dwa generating functions and interfaces.
Major improvements for dwa code generation, including an
optional filename for the output code, adding function prototypes
to the code so it can easily be linked outside the library.
Addition of 2-way composable dwa functions for bricks, with
code addition to the library, and a new interpreter for dwa
composable brick sequences (fmorphauto.c, fhmtauto.c,
morphtemplate1.c, hmttemplate1.c, morphdwa.c, dwacomb*.2.c, morphseq.c)
Exhaustively tested in six programs (prog/binmorph*_reg,
prog/dwamorph*_reg).
New input modes for Sels, from both color bitmap editors
and a simple file format (sel1.c).
Better Sel generation functions in sel2.c, including combs for
composable brick operations and linear bricks for comparison.
Removed unnecessary copies for more efficient border add'n & removal.
Added RLE basline enc/dec for tiff.
Binary morphology documentation on the web page updated for these
changes/additions.
William Rucklidge unrolled inner loops and added LUTs to
speed up several more functions, including correlation
(correlscore.c), centroid calculation (morphapp.c),
2x linear interp grayscale scanning (scalelow.c),
thresholding to binary (grayquantlow.c), and removal
of colormaps to gray (pixconv.c).
1.49 23 Sep 07
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOTE CAREFULLY: The image format enum in imageio.h has
changed. This is an ABI change, and it requires
recompilation of the library.
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Suggestions by David Bryan resulted in several changes.
pixUnpackBinary() unpacks to all depths.
Can now write and read tiff in LZW and ZIP (gzip) formats.
These, like uncompressed tiff, work on all bit depths.
Also enabled pnm 16 bpp r/w, both non-ascii and ascii.
ioFormatTest() now has better coverage and clarity; this is
used in prog/ioformats_reg.c.
Rewrite of morphautogen code to implement opening and closing atomically.
Cleaner interaction with new text templates (fmorphauto.c,
fhmtauto.c, sarray.c, *template*.txt,).
More regression testing (e.g., binmorph1_reg.c, binmorph3_reg.c).
1.48 30 Aug 07
William Rucklidge sped up pixCorrelationScore() by in-lining
all bit operations (jbclass.c).
Generalized rank filtering from 8 bpp to color (rank.c).
Fixed many functions that take a dest pix so that they don't fail if
the dimensions or depth are not consistent with the src pix.
The underlying change for this is to pixCopy() (pix1.c).
Improved display of Sel as a pix; added selaDisplayInPix() to
display all Sels in a Sela, orthogonal rotations of Sels (sel1.c).
New functions for thinning and thickening while preserving connectivity
and avoiding both free end erosion and dendritic cruft (ccthin.c,
prog/ccthin1_reg.c, prog/ccthin2_reg.c).
New function pixaDisplayTiledInRows() for compactly tiling pix
in a pixa, plus documentation of different existing methods. (pixafunc.c)
1.47 22 Jul 07
New brick rank order filter (rank.c, prog/ranktest.c, prog/rank_reg.c).
Use mirror reflection b.c. to avoid special processing at
boundaries (pix2.c). Simple sobel edge detector (edge.c).
Utility for assempling level 2 compressed images in PostScript
(psio.c, prog/convertfilestops.c). Enable read/write of 16 bpp,
grayscale tiff (tiffio.c, pix2.c).
New function for finding the number of c.c., which is a bit
faster than finding the b.b. or the component images (conncomp.c)
New functions for finding local extrema in grayscale image (seedfill.c)
1.46 28 Jun 07
Added interpreted mode for color morphology (morphseq.c).
In functions, make effort to consistently do early initialization
of ptrs to objects returned on the heap. This is to try to
avoid letting functions return uninitialized objects, even if
the return early because of bad input.
Split pixa.c into 2 files; revised the component filtering
in both pixafunc.c and boxfunc.c. Added component filtering
for "thin" components.
Added subsampling functions for numa and pta.
Word segmentation now works at both full and half resolution.
Better methods for displaying and tiling (for debugging),
using pixDisplayWrite(), pixaReadFiles() and pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled().
1.45 27 May 07
Further improvements of orientation and mirror flip detection
(flipdetect.c). Added 2x rank downscaling and general integer
replicative expansion (scale.c). Simplified interface for
averaging, and included tiled averaging, which is yet another
integer reduction scaling function (pix3.c).
1.44 1 May 07
Split pix2.c into (pix2.c, pix3.c), with basic housekeeping
functions (e.g., ops on borders, padding) in pix2.c.
Split numarray.c into (numabasic.c, numafunc.c), with
constructors and accessors in numabasic.c. Added a number
of histogram, rank value and interpolation functions to numafunc.c.
Add rms and rank difference comparison functions (compare.c).
Separated orientation and mirror flip detection; fixed the latter
(flipdetect.c).
1.43 24 Mar 07
New and fixed functions for handling word boxes (classapp.c)
More consistent use of L_* flags (e.g., sarray.h, morph.h)
Morphology on color images (gray ops on each component) (colormorph.c)
New methods for generating sels; we now have five methods in
sel1.c and 3 others in selgen.c. Also a function that
displays Sels as an image, for use in documentation (sel1.c)
New high-level converters, such as pixConvertTo8(), pixConvertTo32(),
pixConvertLossless() (pixconv.c)
Identify regression tests, and rename them as prog/*_reg.c.
Complete revision of plotting package (gplot.c)
New functions for comparing pix (compare.c)
New morph application functions, such as the ability to run a
morph sequence separately on selected c.c. in an image, and
a fast, quasi-tophat function (morphapp.c)
Cleanup and new interfaces to border representations of c.c. (ccbord.c)
Page segmentation application (pageseg.c)
Better serialization with version control for all major structs.
Morphological brick operations with 2-way composite sels (morph.c)
1.42 26 Dec 06
New sorting functions, including 2-d sorting, for boxa and pixa,
and functions that sort by index (e.g., pixa --> pixa and
for 2d, pixa --> pixaa; ditto for boxa).
New accessors for pix dimensions. A new strtokSafe() to
substitute for strtok_r (utils.c).
Page flip detection, using both rasterop and dwa morphology
(flipdetect.c), with dwa generation (fliphmtgen.c) and testing
(prog/fliptest.c).
Increased basic sels from 42 to 52 (sel2.c).
Better high-level interfaces for binary morphology with
brick (separable) sels, both for rasterop (morph.c) and for
dwa (morphdwa.c); fully tested for both asymmetric and
symmetric b.c. (prog/morphtest3.c). Faster area mapping
reduction for power-of-2 scaling.
1.41 5 Nov 06
Simplified morph enums, removing all unused ones (morph.h).
Added new high-level interfaces for adaptive mapping (adaptmap.c).
New method to extract color content of images (colorcontent.c).
New method to generate sels from text strings, and to identify
roman text that is not properly oriented (thanks to Adam Langley).
Fast grayscale min/max (rank) scale reduction by integer factors.
New accessors for box and sel, that should be used when possible.
Thresholding grayscale mask by bandpass (grayquant.c).
Use of strtok_r() for thread safety.
1.40 15 Oct 06
Fixed xtractprotos for cygwin. Minor fixes and improved documentation
(baseline.c, conncomp.c, pix2.c, morphseq.c, pts.c, numarray.c,
utils.c, skew.c). Add ability to quantize an rgb image to a
specified colormap (colorquant.c); tested in prog/cmapquanttest.c.
Modifications to allow conditional compilation on MS VC++,
and to allow I/O calls to be stubbed out (new files: *iostub.c,
zlibmemstub.c, pstdint.h, arrayaccess.h.ms60)
1.39 31 Aug 06
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NOTE CAREFULLY: There has been an interface change to make
affine, bilinear and projective transforms more general.
The implementation has been changed to allow them to handle
all image types and to make them faster (esp. with both sampled
and interpolated mapping on color images).
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Added prog/Makefile.mingw to build executables. This is still
in a relatively raw state. It is necessary to download
gnuwin32 packages for 4 libraries (jpeg, png, zlib, tiff)
to link with leptonlib and the main, and I still have not
been able to build static executables (they require jpeg2b.dll, etc.).
1.38 8 Aug 06
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NOTE CAREFULLY: There has been an interface change to both
simplify and generalize the grayscale morphology operations:
pixErodeGray(), pixDilateGray(), pixOpenGray(),
pixCloseGray(), pixTophat() and pixMorphGradient().
The prototypes are not changed; old code will compile, but
it will be wrong! The old interface had a size and a type
(horizontal, vertical, square). The new interface takes
horizontal and vertical Sel dimensions.
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For cross-compilation to make windows programs, you can use
src/Makefile.mingw to make a windows version of the library.
6x scale-to-gray function donated by Alberto Accomazzi.
Interpreter added for sequence of grayscale morphological
operations, including the tophat (morphseq.c).
Pixacc container added to simplify the interface
for accumulator arithmetic using Pix.
Removed fmorph.c and fmorphlow.c from the library. These are
very limited and were deprecated in favor of fmorphauto(), which
autogens the code from (nearly) any Sel.
Fixed some of the gray morphology operations, which had errors
on the boundary. All gray morph ops should now be rigorously
OK (graymorph.c). For testing of graymorph dualities, the
the graymorph interpreter, etc., see prog/morphgraytest.c.
1.37 10 Jul 06
[After v.36 was released, Jeff Breidenbach built a Debian
distribution of Leptonica based on v.36, and you can now get Leptonica
as a Debian package. Use "apt-cache search leptonica" to see
what is available.] The libraries are now combined into a single
library (liblept.a, liblept.so) and the function prototypes are
also in a single file (leptprotos.h). cextract was found not
to work on recent versions of linux that support 64 bit data types,
and it is no longer distributed with leptonica. Instead, I wrote
a prototype extractor in leptonica (xtractprotos). When you
'make allprotos', it now uses this program. The shared libraries
now have major and minor numbers corresponding to the version.
1.36 17 Jun 06
Line graphics generation (graphics.c) reorganized; separated out pta
generation from rendering. Can now render with alpha blending.
Examples of use are given in prog/graphicstest.c.
Sort functions for basic geometrical objects now have the option
of returning a numa giving the sort order on the original array.
The pixa sort can sort with either clones or copies of the pix.
1.35 21 May 06
The efficiency of the multipage jbig unsupervised classifier is
significantly improved due to a NumaHash struture implemented
by Adam Langley. Functions for computing runlength in 1 bpp
images have been added.
1.34 7 May 06
Completely rewrote the jbig unsupervised classifier.
It now works on multiple pages, and is more accurate in performing
visually lossless substitutions. You can classify by connected
components, characters, or words. The old data structures
and interfaces have been removed. New unpackers from 1 to 2 and
1 to 4 bpp, with and without colormaps in the dest.
1.33 18 Mar 06
Generalized color snap to have different src and target colors,
and to include colormaps (blend.c). Distribute into root directory
that specifies the version number (e.g., 1.33). Add color
space conversion between rgb and hsv. Re-bundle thresholding
code from (binarize*.c, dibitize*.c) to grayquant*.c.
pixThreshold8() now also quantizes 8 bpp --> 8 bpp.
High-level pixRotate() that optionally expands image sufficiently
so that no pixels are lost in any sequence of rotations (rotate.c).
Generalize shear to specify color of pixels brought in, including
for in-place operation (shear.c, rotateshear.c). Faster version of
color rotation by area mapping, both about center and about UL corner.
You can now use the standard color rotator (pixRotateAM) and get
nearly the same speed as with the "Fast" one.
1.32 4 Feb 06
Ability to specify a sequence of binary morphological
(& binary reduction/expansion) operations in a single
function (morphseq.c). Fast downscaling combined with conversion
from rbg to gray and to binary (scale.c). Utility for
segmenting images by color (colorseg.c).