Rollup merge of #139416 - mejrs:metavar, r=tgross35

unstable book; document `macro_metavar_expr_concat`

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Author: matthiaskrgr

Diff for: src/doc/unstable-book/src/language-features/macro-metavar-expr-concat.md

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# `macro_metavar_expr_concat`
+
+The tracking issue for this feature is: [#124225]
+
+------------------------
+
+In stable Rust, there is no way to create new identifiers by joining identifiers to literals or other identifiers without using procedural macros such as [`paste`].
+ `#![feature(macro_metavar_expr_concat)]` introduces a way to do this, using the concat metavariable expression.
+
+> This feature uses the syntax from [`macro_metavar_expr`] but is otherwise
+> independent. It replaces the old unstable feature [`concat_idents`].
+
+> This is an experimental feature; it and its syntax will require a RFC before stabilization.
+
+
+### Overview
+
+`#![feature(macro_metavar_expr_concat)]` provides the `concat` metavariable expression for creating new identifiers:
+
+```rust
+#![feature(macro_metavar_expr_concat)]
+
+macro_rules! create_some_structs {
+    ($name:ident) => {
+        pub struct ${ concat(First, $name) };
+        pub struct ${ concat(Second, $name) };
+        pub struct ${ concat(Third, $name) };
+    }
+}
+
+create_some_structs!(Thing);
+```
+
+This macro invocation expands to:
+
+```rust
+pub struct FirstThing;
+pub struct SecondThing;
+pub struct ThirdThing;
+```
+
+### Syntax
+
+This feature builds upon the metavariable expression syntax `${ .. }` as specified in [RFC 3086] ([`macro_metavar_expr`]).
+ `concat` is available like `${ concat(items) }`, where `items` is a comma separated sequence of idents and/or literals.
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Create a function or method with a concatenated name
+
+```rust
+#![feature(macro_metavar_expr_concat)]
+
+macro_rules! make_getter {
+    ($name:ident, $field: ident, $ret:ty) => {
+        impl $name {
+            pub fn ${ concat(get_, $field) }(&self) -> &$ret {
+                &self.$field
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Thing {
+    description: String,
+}
+
+make_getter!(Thing, description, String);
+```
+
+This expands to:
+
+```rust
+pub struct Thing {
+    description: String,
+}
+
+impl Thing {
+    pub fn get_description(&self) -> &String {
+        &self.description
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### Create names for macro generated tests
+
+```rust
+#![feature(macro_metavar_expr_concat)]
+
+macro_rules! test_math {
+    ($integer:ident) => {
+        #[test]
+        fn ${ concat(test_, $integer, _, addition) } () {
+            let a: $integer = 73;
+            let b: $integer = 42;
+            assert_eq!(a + b, 115)
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn ${ concat(test_, $integer, _, subtraction) } () {
+            let a: $integer = 73;
+            let b: $integer = 42;
+            assert_eq!(a - b, 31)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+test_math!(i32);
+test_math!(u64);
+test_math!(u128);
+```
+
+Running this returns the following output:
+
+```text
+running 6 tests
+test test_i32_subtraction ... ok
+test test_i32_addition ... ok
+test test_u128_addition ... ok
+test test_u128_subtraction ... ok
+test test_u64_addition ... ok
+test test_u64_subtraction ... ok
+
+test result: ok. 6 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
+```
+
+[`paste`]: https://crates.io/crates/paste
+[RFC 3086]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/3086-macro-metavar-expr.html
+[`concat_idents!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/macro.concat_idents.html
+[`macro_metavar_expr`]: ../language-features/macro-metavar-expr.md
+[`concat_idents`]: ../library-features/concat-idents.md
+[#124225]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/124225
+[declarative macros]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/macros-by-example.html

Diff for: src/doc/unstable-book/src/language-features/macro-metavar-expr.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# `macro_metavar_expr`
+
+The tracking issue for this feature is: [#83527]
+
+------------------------
+
+> This feature is not to be confused with [`macro_metavar_expr_concat`].
+
+[`macro_metavar_expr_concat`]: ./macro-metavar-expr-concat.md
+[#83527]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/83527

Diff for: src/doc/unstable-book/src/library-features/concat-idents.md

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#29599]
 
 ------------------------
 
+> This feature is expected to be superseded by [`macro_metavar_expr_concat`](../language-features/macro-metavar-expr-concat.md).
+
 The `concat_idents` feature adds a macro for concatenating multiple identifiers
 into one identifier.