Backport to branch(3.13) : Add validation for primary key columns in Cosmos DB adapter

[feeblefakie]

This is an automated request for a manual backport of the following:

• Original PR: Add validation for primary key columns in Cosmos DB adapter #2292
• Commit to backport: b4170b4

1. Resolve any conflicts that occur during the cherry-picking process.

git fetch origin &&
git checkout 3.13-pull-2292 &&
git cherry-pick --no-rerere-autoupdate -m1 b4170b4bb8185902baf44631affef4fe4d3be01d

2. Push the changes.
3. Merge this PR after all checks have passed.

Thank you!