Koku README

|Updates| |Python 3|

About

Koku's goal is to provide an open source solution for cost management of cloud and hybrid cloud environments. This solution is offered via a web interface that exposes resource consumption and cost data in easily digestible and filterable views. The project also aims to provide insight into this data and ultimately provide suggested optimizations for reducing cost and eliminating unnecessary resource usage.

Full documentation is available through readthedocs.

To submit an issue please visit https://issues.redhat.com/projects/COST/

Getting Started

This project is developed using Python 3.8. Make sure you have at least this version installed.

Prerequisites

• Docker
• PostgreSQL

For Mac OSX

Install Docker for Mac

Install brew

Install PostgreSQL:

brew install postgresql

Development

To get started developing against Koku you first need to clone a local copy of the git repositories.

git clone https://github.com/project-koku/koku
git clone https://github.com/project-koku/nise

This project is developed using the Django web framework. Many configuration settings can be read in from a .env file. To configure, do the following:

1. Copy .env.example into a .env

2. Obtain AWS values and update the following in your .env:

   AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=YOUR_AWS_ACCESS_KEY
   AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=YOUR_AWS_SECRET_KEY
   AWS_RESOURCE_NAME=YOUR_COST_MANAGEMENT_AWS_ARN
   

3. (Mac Only) If you are on Mac, do the following note that psycopg2 is a dependency of Django and installing the psycopg2 wheel will likely fail. The following steps should be taken to allow installation to succeed:

   brew install openssl
   brew unlink openssl && brew link openssl --force
   

4. (Mac Only) Also add the following to your .env:

   LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
   CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
   

5. Developing inside a virtual environment is recommended. A Pipfile is provided. Pipenv is recommended for combining virtual environment (virtualenv) and dependency management (pip). To install pipenv, use pip

   pip3 install pipenv==2018.11.26
   

6. Then project dependencies and a virtual environment can be created using

   pipenv install --dev
   

7. If dependency installation still fails, try using

   pipenv install --dev --sequential
   

8. To activate the virtual environment run

   pipenv shell
   

9. Install the pre-commit hooks for the repository

   pre-commit install
   

Developing with Docker Compose

This will explain how to start the server and its dependencies using Docker, create AWS/OCP sources, and view reports. This will not cover all API or scenarios but should give you an end to end flow.

Starting Koku using Docker Compose

1. Start the docker containers:

   make docker-up
   

2. Display log output from the docker containers. It is recommended that logs be kept in a second terminal

   docker-compose logs -f koku-server koku-worker
   

3. Install koku-nise:

   pip install koku-nise
   

Run AWS Scenario

1. Create AWS Source:

   make aws-source aws_name=AWS-SOURCE-001 bucket=cost-usage-bucket
   

2. Verify source exists by visiting http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/sources/?name=AWS-SOURCE-001

3. Trigger MASU processing by visiting http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/cost-management/v1/download/

4. Wait for processing to complete

5. Verify data existing using AWS API endpoints

   • http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/reports/aws/instance-types/
   • http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/reports/aws/costs/
   • http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/reports/aws/storage/

Run OCP Scenario

1. Create OCP Source:

   make ocp-source-from-yaml cluster_id=my_test_cluster srf_yaml=../nise/example_ocp_static_data.yml ocp_name=my_ocp_name
   

2. Verify provider exists by visiting http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/sources/?name=my_ocp_name

3. Trigger MASU processing by visiting http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/cost-management/v1/download/

4. Wait for processing to complete

5. Verify data exists using API endpoints

   • http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/reports/openshift/volumes/
   • http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/reports/openshift/memory/
   • http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/reports/openshift/compute/

Run GCP Scenario

1. Set Environment variables:

   GCP_DATASET - The name of the BigQuery dataset in your GCP setup.
   GCP_TABLE_ID - The identifier for the table you are pulling for the billing information.
   GCP_PROJECT_ID - The identifier for the GCP project.
   

2. Create GCP source:

   make gcp-source gcp_name=my_gcp_source
   

3. Verify provider exists by visiting http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/cost-management/v1/sources/?name=my_gcp_source

Stopping Koku using Docker Compose

To bring down all the docker containers, run the following command:

make docker-down

Database

PostgreSQL is used as the database backend for Koku. A docker-compose file is provided for creating a local database container. Assuming the default .env file values are used, to access the database directly using psql run

PGPASSWORD=postgres psql postgres -U postgres -h localhost -p 15432

Note: There is a known limitation with docker-compose and Linux environments with SELinux enabled. You may see the following error during the postgres container deployment:

"mkdir: cannot create directory '/var/lib/pgsql/data/userdata': Permission denied" can be resolved by granting ./pg_data ownership permissions to uid:26 (postgres user in centos/postgresql-96-centos7)

If you see this error, run the following command (assuming you are at the project top level directory):

setfacl -m u:26:-wx ./pg_data

If you need to run PostgreSQL using SSL for local development:

1. Ensure that you have openssl installed.
2. Ensure that you have the KOKU_PATH environment set to the koku source root directory.
3. Execute ${KOKU_PATH}/scripts/genssc and follow the prompts to create local a self-signed certificate for PostgreSQL.
4. In the docker-compose.yml file, there are two commented sections labeled "PostgreSQL SSL". Follow the directions in these comments to enable the volume mounts and command options to use SSL.

See https://access.redhat.com/containers/?tab=overview#/registry.access.redhat.com/rhel8/postgresql-12

Database Query Monitoring

A basic level of query monitoring has been included leveraging a local grafana container which will be built with the docker-up make target.

To use the monitor, open a new web browser tab or window and enter the following URL:

http://localhost:3001

You will be presented with the grafana login page. For this monitor, use the following credentials:

User: admin
Password: admin12

Once you have logged into the server, you will be taken straight to the main dashboard. It will have 5 panels.

Query statistics
Connect States	Active Queries
Lock Types	Lock Detail

• Query Statistics - The max execution time, the mean execution time, number of calls and the query text
• Connect States - Shows the connection states (active, idle, idle in transaction, etc)
• Active Queries - Shows the approximate run time (based on the probe time) and the query text of queries detected
• Lock Types - Shows the discrete lock types detected during the probe
• Lock Detail - Shows any detail informaiton for the lock and the affected query.

The Query Statistics panel is cumulative. The remaining panels are ephemeral.

Information about PostgreSQL statistics can be found here: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html

Information about Grafana dashboards can be found here: https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/features/dashboard/dashboards/

Using Trino and MinIO

We have a special docker-compose file specifically for running Trino (formerly Presto) with MinIO for object storage. With the proper environment variables set the app will run circumventing our conventional Postgres processing in favor of using Trino.

Set the following environment variables

ENABLE_PARQUET_PROCESSING=True
S3_BUCKET_NAME=koku-bucket
S3_ENDPOINT=http://kokuminio:9000
S3_ACCESS_KEY=kokuminioaccess
S3_SECRET=kokuminiosecret

To spin up the minimum targets for Trino use

make docker-up-min-presto

To skip building the koku image base

make docker-up-min-presto-no-build

To tear down containers

make docker-presto-down-all

With all containers running any source added will be processed by saving CSV files in MinIO and storing Parquet files in MinIO. The source's data will be summarized via Trino. Summarized data will land in the appropriate daily_summary table for the source type for consumption by the API.

To add test sources and data

make create-test-customer
make load-test-customer-data (optional)start={start_date} (optional)end={end_date}

The MinIO UI will be available at http://127.0.0.1:9000/minio/. Use the S3_ACCESS_KEY and S3_SECRET set in your env as login credentials.

The Trinio UI will be available at http://127.0.0.1:8080/ui/. Login as admin. Details can be found there on queries. This is particularly useful for troubleshooting failures.

For command line interactions with Trino install the CLI from https://trino.io/docs/current/installation/cli.html and follow instructions there. Use the following to login

trino --server localhost:8080 --catalog hive --schema acct10001 --user admin --debug

Example usage

SHOW tables;
SELECT * from aws_line_items WHERE source='{source}' AND year='2021' AND month='02' LIMIT 100;

Developing with OpenShift

Our production deployment runs on OpenShift. At times you may need to run on OpenShift if you are working on deployment templates or would like to test in a production like environment. This is a more advanced scenario that many new developers will not need. To learn how to run OpenShift refer to Working with Openshift.

Testing

Koku uses tox to standardize the environment used when running tests. Essentially, tox manages its own virtual environment and a copy of required dependencies to run tests. To ensure a clean tox environment run

tox -r

This will rebuild the tox virtual env and then run all tests.

To run unit tests specifically:

tox -e py38

To run a specific subset of unit tests, you can pass a particular module path to tox. To do this, use positional args using the -- separator. For example:

tox -e py38 -- masu.test.external.downloader.azure.test_azure_services.AzureServiceTest

To run IQE Smoke, Vortex or API tests, while on the Red Hat network and koku deployed via docker-compose run:

make docker-iqe-smokes-tests
make docker-iqe-vortex-tests
make docker-iqe-api-tests

Individual IQE tests can be ran with run_test.sh:

<koku_topdir>/testing/run_test.sh iqe tests plugin hccm -k test_api_cost_model_markup_calculation_ocp

Linting

This repository uses pre-commit to check and enforce code style. It uses Black to reformat the Python code and Flake8 to check it afterwards. Other formats and text files are linted as well.

To run pre-commit checks:

pre-commit run --all-files

pgAdmin

If you want to interact with the Postgres database from a GUI:

1. Copy the pgadmin_servers.json.example into a pgadmin_servers.json file and if necessary, change any variables to match your database.
2. docker-compose up causes pgAdmin to run on http://localhost:8432
3. In the login screen, the default login email is postgres

Side note: The pgadmin_servers.json file uses [pgadmin servers.json syntax](https://www.pgadmin.org/docs/pgadmin4/development/import_export_servers.html#json-format)

Partitioned Tables

The koku project is now making use of partitioned tables with PostgreSQL 12. Currently, there are only a limited number of modules supporting table partitoning with Django. For this reason, the partitioned tables are being unmanaged by Django models.

There is a stored procedure that helps create table partitions on-the-fly during masu data processing. This procedure is called create_date_partitons and is in the public schema. It is designed to scan a table for partition range start values and compare them against a tracking table of table partitions. For any range start not present in the table, a table partition will be created. This allows for partition creation for any uncovered range, past, present, or future. See db_functions/create_date_partitions.sql for the code and parameter documentation.

Contributing

Please refer to Contributing.