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FellowTraveler edited this page Dec 13, 2011 · 21 revisions

WHAT IS "Open Transactions" ? ("Screenshots":https://github.com/FellowTraveler/Moneychanger)

  • Open-Transactions is a solid, easy-to-use, financial crypto and digital cash LIBRARY.
  • Including a client API, a working Server, a GUI Test Wallet (in Java) and a command-line test wallet.
  • Featuring: Untraceable digital cash, destruction of account history, Ricardian Contracts, a large variety of financial instruments, Smart Contracts (scriptable clauses), Markets, Basket currencies, unforgeable account balances, and more...

Radio Interview "Part 1, courtesy of AgoristRadio.":http://agoristradio.com/?p=234 "Part 2, courtesy of AgoristRadio.":http://agoristradio.com/?p=246

Bitcoin donation address: @1NtTPVVjDsUfDWybS4BwvHpG2pdS9RnYyQ@

IRC: #opentransactions at irc.freenode.net

WHAT DOES IT DO?

  • Open-Transactions allows users to issue and manipulate digital assets.
  • Any issuer can sign and distribute new currency contracts in order to create new digital asset types.
  • Users may create many pseudonyms (public keys), each of which may own asset accounts of various types, on OT servers.
  • Users can operate "cash-only" (without accounts) for maximum anonymity, using untraceable digital cash.

Video Walkthru "Video 1 posted by J. Orlin Grabbe.":http://vimeo.com/28141679 "Video 2 posted by J. Orlin Grabbe.":http://vimeo.com/28142096

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

  • Users can also transfer digital assets securely and provably, with receipts signed by all parties.
  • Even an OT server cannot change balances, or forge transactions--since it cannot forge your signature on your receipt.
  • Open-Transactions supports a range of financial instruments such as transfers, cheques and vouchers (aka "cashier's cheques" or "banker's cheques"), in addition to receipts and cash.
  • These instruments are all analogous to the same financial instruments that we all use at normal banks today. Everyone already has an intuitive understanding of these financial instruments, because we use them regularly in our normal daily lives.

Diagrams: Architecture Overview, Fully-Anonymous (cash only), and Pseudo-Anonymous (using accounts).

MARKETS, BASKET CURRENCIES, and RECURRING PAYMENTS

  • Open-Transactions also implements higher-level, contract-based transactions such as payment plans and markets with trades.
  • The markets on Open-Transactions support market orders, limit orders, fill-or-kill orders, day orders, stop orders, and stop limits, just like trading on a real market.
  • OT also supports basket currencies, as well as payment plans (recurring payments.)
  • OT also supports smart contracts (scriptable clauses) as well as full client-side scripting.

TRIPLE SIGNED RECEIPTS

  • All of this is accomplished in such a way that all parties are able to prove, at all times, which transactions have cleared and which instruments are authorized, without having to store their entire transaction history, but instead by merely keeping the last signed receipt.
  • Without the special mechanism that makes this possible, all parties would otherwise be forced to store all receipts forever.
  • Nyms and Asset Types have consistent IDs across all OT servers, since the ID is formed by hashing the relevant contract or public key.

The real beauty of Open-Transactions is the as-yet-unwritten future of new ideas that you can build with it, and the future liberty and security of your children that you can help to protect by doing so--in a very real and tangible way.

On the Bitcoin board, people are saying:

  • "It provides the technical groundwork for an entire financial industry done right."
  • "If Open Transactions truly works the way fellowtraveler describes it, then...that really is the right way to do this"
  • "Open Transactions is the single most important thing that the bitcoin community needs to adopt to be successful."
  • "I have been reading up on this system for a while and it sounds like an amazing sister application for bitcoin."

IS Open-Transactions CENTRALIZED?

The vision is not of a central server that you must trust. Rather, the vision is of federated servers you don't have to trust.

Mailing list: [email protected]

FAQ Components and GNU Licensing Install Notes Use Cases API Business Cases Release Notes

The server itself is a transaction processor in the cypherpunk tradition. In more detail:

  • Many financial instruments are supported: Users can write cheques, purchase cashier's cheques ("vouchers"), and withdraw in untraceable digital cash. The software uses Chaumian-style, blinded tokens courtesy of the "Lucre":http://anoncvs.aldigital.co.uk/lucre/ library by Ben Laurie.

  • It's like PGP FOR MONEY. The idea is to have many cash algorithms, not just Lucre. I’d like to add Chaum’s version, Brands’ version, etc. So that, just like PGP, the software should support as many of the top algorithms as possible, and make it easy to swap them out when necessary.

  • User accounts are pseudonymous. A user account is a public key. (This is like PKTP by Andrew McMeikan.) You can open as many user accounts as you want. Full anonymity is possible only for "cash-only" transactions (where users only perform token exchanges, and do not open accounts), whereas pseudonymity means that transactions can be linked to the key that signed them. (While the real life identity of the owner is hidden, continuity of reputation becomes possible.) See full-color diagrams linked above.

  • Any user can issue new digital currencies and digital asset types, by uploading the new currency contract to the server. (This functionality is comparable to Ricardo by Ian Grigg.)

  • Users can open asset accounts of any type. You can have as many as you want, associated with each user account. (See Loom by Patrick Chkeroff.)

  • Triple Signed Receipts / No Account History. On OT, entities are able to conduct transactions, verify instruments, and provably agree on current holdings via signed receipts, all without the need to store any transaction history. An "asset account" on OT is not according to the traditional sense of the word (an account normally being thought of as, "a list of transactions, with a balance, used in double-entry bookkeeping.") While the word "account" makes things easy to understand, an "asset account" on OT exists only in the mind of the account holder himself. He simply asks the server to agree with him that it exists, and to provide him with a signed receipt to that effect. In the user interface, OT is able to mimic the account metaphor, making usage intuitive, even though no actual "account" exists, or need be stored on either side, other than the signed receipt itself! (See Bill St. Clair's excellent Truledger for an example of this concept.)

  • Open Transactions also features markets. Any two asset types can be traded against each other. The markets are full-featured and include limit orders, stop orders, fill-or-kill, day orders (date ranges), and stop limits.

  • Open Transactions also supports basket currencies. Users can define their own, and the server handles the process of exchanging in and out of basket accounts. Baskets are treated by the software like any other asset type, (you can open accounts, transfer funds, withdraw cash, write cheques, and even trade basket currencies on markets.)

  • Open Transactions also supports payment plans. Users can sign contracts with each other, and the server will carry out the terms and implement the payment plan. (A future goal is to issue new asset types based on revenue from payment plans--so they can also be traded on markets.)

  • Contracts, in general, are very important to Open Transactions; they are the building block of the entire library. Open Transactions uses a Ricardian-style contract, and all the various instruments, data files, and messages resemble PGP-signed XML files. All objects serialize to a string.

  • The philosophy of the software is based around separation of powers (issuers and transaction servers being separate entities) as well as the distribution of risk. For example, Asset accounts can be distributed across multiple servers, and asset types can be distributed across multiple issuers (via baskets.)

  • Potential future instruments include: dividend-paying stocks (the same mechanism can be used as "interest paying bonds") and collateralized debt obligations. (OT supports payment plans, so it would be easy to group tranches of OT's payment plans to pay into a single reserve account, as backing for a new stock offering that could be traded on OT markets.) This is similar to how basket currencies are implemented. Stocks/Bonds would pay shareholders by dropping a cheque into your stock account's inbox. These features aren't available yet, but they are easy to add given the existing OT infrastructure.

  • All communications are secured with OpenSSL. All messages are also signed and encrypted. All transactions require signatures from relevant parties including the server.

  • Open Transactions is open-source, written in C++, object-oriented, and includes Native APIs for Java, Ruby, Python, PHP, Perl, C, "D":http://www.digitalmars.com/d/2.0/overview.html, C++, Objective-C, C#, Tcl, and LISP. (Also supporting JRuby, Jython, Scala, Clojure, Groovy, and any other language that works on the JVM.)

  • The software is fully cross-platform: Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, Android, and Windows are supported with makefiles, project files, and instructions.

  • STORAGE... The library itself is storage neutral, and could be utilized across a variety of different storage systems. All objects serialize to a string, and it is very easy to add support for new storage methods. (Current testserver and testclient use the filesystem with key/value pairs.) Adding a new storage method is as easy as subclassing OTDB::Storage and overriding a few methods. Use any DB you want.

  • TRANSPORT... The library itself is transfer-protocol neutral, and can be utilized across a variety of different transfer protocols. The default implementation uses the "ZeroMQ library":http://zeromq.org/ for transport. Transport is implemented as a callback function, so it's very easy (a few dozen lines of code) to swap in some other system, if you wish.

  • OT currently supports MsgPack and Protobuf for data packing, though new packers can be added by subclassing OTDB::Packer. (JSON is on the horizon...)

The intention is for this software to be integrated as many places as possible... Games, digital cash wallets, distributed data stores, secure voip apps, anonymous bit torrent networks, mixnets, remailers, nym servers, etc. There are many other potential uses.

This product includes software developed by Ben Laurie for use in the Lucre project.

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