diff --git a/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/DateAttribute.php b/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/DateAttribute.php
index a3a090b..8eb03db 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/DateAttribute.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/DateAttribute.php
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
 namespace Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common;
 
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
+
 trait DateAttribute
 {
 
@@ -47,31 +49,50 @@ trait DateAttribute
     ];
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of encoding
+     * Get the value of the 'encoding' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/attributes.html#encoding
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getEncoding(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('encoding');
+        $encoding = $this->getStringAttribute('encoding');
+
+        if (empty($encoding) || in_array($encoding, $this->allowedEncodings)) {
+            return $encoding;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('encoding', $encoding);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of point
+     * Get the value of the 'point' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/attributes.html#point
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getPoint(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('point');
+        $point = $this->getStringAttribute('point');
+
+        if (empty($point) || in_array($point, $this->allowedPoints)) {
+            return $point;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('point', $point);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of keyDate
+     * Get the value of the 'keyDate' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/attributes.html#keyDate
      *
      * @access public
      *
@@ -83,19 +104,29 @@ public function isKeyDate(): bool
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of qualifier
+     * Get the value of the 'qualifier' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/attributes.html#qualifier
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     * 
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getQualifier(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('qualifier');
+        $qualifier = $this->getStringAttribute('qualifier');
+
+        if (empty($qualifier) || in_array($qualifier, $this->allowedQualifiers)) {
+            return $qualifier;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('qualifier', $qualifier);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of calendar
+     * Get the value of the 'calendar' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/attributes.html#calendar
      *
      * @access public
      *
diff --git a/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/Miscellaneous/UsageAttribute.php b/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/Miscellaneous/UsageAttribute.php
index 5a67daf..51bc020 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/Miscellaneous/UsageAttribute.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Attribute/Common/Miscellaneous/UsageAttribute.php
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
 namespace Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Miscellaneous;
 
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
+
 /**
  * Trait for usage common attribute
  */
@@ -28,14 +30,23 @@ trait UsageAttribute
     ];
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of usage
+     * Get the value of the 'usage' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/attributes.html#usage
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getUsage(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('usage');
+        $usage = $this->getStringAttribute('usage');
+
+        if (empty($usage) || in_array($usage, $this->allowedUsages)) {
+            return $usage;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('usage', $usage);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Mods/Attribute/Specific/TypeAttribute.php b/src/Mods/Attribute/Specific/TypeAttribute.php
index 85c097f..1145974 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Attribute/Specific/TypeAttribute.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Attribute/Specific/TypeAttribute.php
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
 namespace Slub\Mods\Attribute\Specific;
 
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
+
 /**
  * Trait for type specific attribute
  */
@@ -28,14 +30,22 @@ trait TypeAttribute
     ];
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of type
+     * Get the value of the 'type' attribute.
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getType(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+        $type = $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+
+        if (empty($type) || in_array($type, $this->allowedTypes)) {
+            return $type;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('type', $type);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Mods/Element/RelatedItem.php b/src/Mods/Element/RelatedItem.php
index 027d8ff..37185ff 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Element/RelatedItem.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Element/RelatedItem.php
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Miscellaneous\DisplayLabelAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Specific\OtherTypeAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Common\BaseElement;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 /**
  * RelatedItem MODS metadata element class for the 'php-mods-reader' library.
@@ -62,14 +63,23 @@ public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $xml)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of type
+     * Get the value of the 'type' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/relateditem.html#type
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getType(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+        $type = $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+
+        if (empty($type) || in_array($type, $this->allowedTypes)) {
+            return $type;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('type', $type);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Location/Url.php b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Location/Url.php
index 4a891f5..b1b8302 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Location/Url.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Location/Url.php
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Miscellaneous\DisplayLabelAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Miscellaneous\UsageAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Common\BaseElement;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 /**
  * Url MODS metadata element class for the 'php-mods-reader' library.
@@ -50,7 +51,8 @@ public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $xml)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of dateLastAccessed
+     * Get the value of the 'dateLastAccessed' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/location.html#datelastaccessed
      *
      * @access public
      *
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ public function getDateLastAccessed(): string
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of note
+     * Get the value of the 'note' attribute.
      *
      * @access public
      *
@@ -74,14 +76,22 @@ public function getNote(): string
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of access
+     * Get the value of the 'access' attribute.
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     * 
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getAccess(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('access');
+        $access = $this->getStringAttribute('access');
+
+        if (empty($access) || in_array($access, $this->allowedAccess)) {
+            return $access;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('access', $access);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/AlternativeName.php b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/AlternativeName.php
index 400deb5..b4a9f12 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/AlternativeName.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/AlternativeName.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Linking\IdAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Linking\XlinkHrefAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Miscellaneous\DisplayLabelAttribute;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 /**
  * AlternativeName MODS metadata element class for the 'php-mods-reader' library.
@@ -60,9 +61,17 @@ public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $xml)
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getAlternativeType(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('altType');
+        $altType = $this->getStringAttribute('altType');
+
+        if (empty($altType) || in_array($altType, $this->allowedAlternativeTypes)) {
+            return $altType;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('altType', $altType);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/NamePart.php b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/NamePart.php
index a5edb1a..c477165 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/NamePart.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/Name/NamePart.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Linking\AltRepGroupAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\Miscellaneous\DisplayLabelAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Common\BaseElement;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 /**
  * NamePart MODS metadata element class for the 'php-mods-reader' library.
@@ -53,15 +54,23 @@ public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $xml)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of the 'tpe' attribute.
+     * Get the value of the 'type' attribute.
      * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/name.html#nameParttype
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getType(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+        $type = $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+
+        if (empty($type) || in_array($type, $this->allowedTypes)) {
+            return $type;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('type', $type);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/OriginInfo/Agent.php b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/OriginInfo/Agent.php
index a1e2058..418bb9c 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/OriginInfo/Agent.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/OriginInfo/Agent.php
@@ -27,9 +27,11 @@
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Specific\Name\NameIdentifier;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Specific\Name\NamePart;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Specific\Name\Role;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 /**
  * Agent MODS metadata element class for the 'php-mods-reader' library.
+ * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/origininfo.html#agent
  *
  * @access public
  */
@@ -120,15 +122,24 @@ public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $xml)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of type
+     * Get the value of the 'type' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/name.html#type
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     * 
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getType(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+        $type = $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+
+        if (empty($type) || in_array($type, $this->allowedTypes)) {
+            return $type;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('type', $type);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/TitleInfo/NonSort.php b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/TitleInfo/NonSort.php
index bf6af03..220cb01 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Element/Specific/TitleInfo/NonSort.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Element/Specific/TitleInfo/NonSort.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use Slub\Mods\Attribute\Common\LanguageAttribute;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Common\BaseElement;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 /**
  * NonSort MODS metadata element class for the 'php-mods-reader' library.
@@ -49,14 +50,23 @@ public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $xml)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the value of xmlSpace
+     * Get the value of the 'xmlSpace' attribute.
+     * @see https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/attributes.html#xmlspace
      *
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getXmlSpace(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('xmlSpace');
+        $xmlSpace = $this->getStringAttribute('xml:space');
+
+        if (empty($xmlSpace) || in_array($xmlSpace, $this->allowedXmlSpaces)) {
+            return $xmlSpace;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('xml:space', $xmlSpace);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Mods/Element/TitleInfo.php b/src/Mods/Element/TitleInfo.php
index d5d57fe..696cb5f 100644
--- a/src/Mods/Element/TitleInfo.php
+++ b/src/Mods/Element/TitleInfo.php
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Common\LanguageElement;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Specific\TitleInfo\NonSort;
 use Slub\Mods\Element\Xml\Element;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 /**
  * TitleInfo MODS metadata element class for the 'php-mods-reader' library.
@@ -71,10 +72,18 @@ public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $xml)
      * @access public
      *
      * @return string
+     *
+     * @throws IncorrectValueInAttributeException
      */
     public function getType(): string
     {
-        return $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+        $type = $this->getStringAttribute('type');
+
+        if (empty($type) || in_array($type, $this->allowedTypes)) {
+            return $type;
+        }
+
+        throw new IncorrectValueInAttributeException('type', $type);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Mods/Exception/IncorrectValueInAttributeException.php b/src/Mods/Exception/IncorrectValueInAttributeException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f25a66b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Mods/Exception/IncorrectValueInAttributeException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Saxon State and University Library Dresden
+ *
+ * This file is part of the php-mods-reader.
+ *
+ * @license GNU General Public License version 3 or later.
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please read the
+ * LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+namespace Slub\Mods\Exception;
+
+use Exception;
+use Throwable;
+
+class IncorrectValueInAttributeException extends Exception {
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor for the custom exception.
+     *
+     * @param string $attribute name of the attribute
+     * @param string $value not allowed value
+     * @param integer $code
+     * @param Throwable|null $previous
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct(string $attribute, string $value, int $code = 0, Throwable $previous = null) {
+        $message = 'Value "' . $value . '" is not allowed for attribute "' . $attribute . '".';
+        parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Mods/ModsReaderTest.php b/tests/Mods/ModsReaderTest.php
index 894e925..d0c61ba 100644
--- a/tests/Mods/ModsReaderTest.php
+++ b/tests/Mods/ModsReaderTest.php
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 namespace Slub\Mods;
 
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Slub\Mods\Exception\IncorrectValueInAttributeException;
 
 class ModsReaderTest extends TestCase
 {
@@ -497,6 +498,9 @@ public function testGetLocationsByQueryForBookDocument()
         self::assertEquals('http://www.slub-dresden.de/some-url', $urls[0]->getValue());
         self::assertEquals('preview', $urls[1]->getAccess());
         self::assertEquals('http://www.slub-dresden.de/some-url/SLO-0000', $urls[1]->getValue());
+
+        $this->expectException(IncorrectValueInAttributeException::class);
+        $urls[3]->getAccess();
     }
 
     public function testGetNoLocationsByQueryForBookDocument()
@@ -512,18 +516,18 @@ public function testGetLocationsForSerialDocument()
         self::assertEquals(2, count($locations));
         self::assertNotEmpty($locations[0]->getUrls());
         self::assertEquals('electronic resource', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getDisplayLabel());
-        self::assertEquals('primary display', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getUsage());
+        self::assertEquals('primaryDisplay', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getUsage());
         self::assertEquals('http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/7085', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getValue());
     }
 
     public function testGetLocationsByQueryForSerialDocument()
     {
-        $locations = $this->serialReader->getLocations('[./mods:url[@usage="primary display"]]');
+        $locations = $this->serialReader->getLocations('[./mods:url[@usage="primaryDisplay"]]');
         self::assertNotEmpty($locations);
         self::assertEquals(1, count($locations));
         self::assertNotEmpty($locations[0]->getUrls());
         self::assertEquals('electronic resource', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getDisplayLabel());
-        self::assertEquals('primary display', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getUsage());
+        self::assertEquals('primaryDisplay', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getUsage());
         self::assertEquals('http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/7085', $locations[0]->getUrls()[0]->getValue());
     }
 
@@ -968,7 +972,10 @@ public function testGetRecordInfosForSerialDocument()
         self::assertEquals('marcorg', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordContentSources()[0]->getAuthority());
         self::assertEquals('NLC', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordContentSources()[0]->getValue());
         self::assertNotEmpty($recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates());
-        self::assertEquals('marc', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates()[0]->getEncoding());
+
+        $this->expectException(IncorrectValueInAttributeException::class);
+        $recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates()[0]->getEncoding();
+
         self::assertEquals('021127', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates()[0]->getValue());
         self::assertNotEmpty($recordInfos[0]->getRecordChangeDates());
         self::assertEquals('iso8601', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordChangeDates()[0]->getEncoding());
@@ -979,6 +986,7 @@ public function testGetRecordInfosForSerialDocument()
         self::assertNotEmpty($recordInfos[0]->getRecordInfoNotes());
         self::assertEquals(2, count($recordInfos[0]->getRecordInfoNotes()));
         self::assertEquals('Some info', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordInfoNotes()[1]->getValue());
+
         $languages = $recordInfos[0]->getLanguageOfCatalogings();
         self::assertNotEmpty($languages);
         self::assertNotNull($languages[0]->getLanguageTerm());
@@ -1003,7 +1011,10 @@ public function testGetRecordInfosByQueryForSerialDocument()
         self::assertEquals('marcorg', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordContentSources()[0]->getAuthority());
         self::assertEquals('NLC', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordContentSources()[0]->getValue());
         self::assertNotEmpty($recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates());
-        self::assertEquals('marc', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates()[0]->getEncoding());
+
+        $this->expectException(IncorrectValueInAttributeException::class);
+        $recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates()[0]->getEncoding();
+
         self::assertEquals('021127', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordCreationDates()[0]->getValue());
         self::assertNotEmpty($recordInfos[0]->getRecordChangeDates());
         self::assertEquals('iso8601', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordChangeDates()[0]->getEncoding());
@@ -1014,6 +1025,7 @@ public function testGetRecordInfosByQueryForSerialDocument()
         self::assertNotEmpty($recordInfos[0]->getRecordInfoNotes());
         self::assertEquals(2, count($recordInfos[0]->getRecordInfoNotes()));
         self::assertEquals('Some info', $recordInfos[0]->getRecordInfoNotes()[1]->getValue());
+
         $languages = $recordInfos[0]->getLanguageOfCatalogings();
         self::assertNotEmpty($languages);
         self::assertNotNull($languages[0]->getLanguageTerm());
diff --git a/tests/resources/mods_book.xml b/tests/resources/mods_book.xml
index 662fb22..4a7b90e 100644
--- a/tests/resources/mods_book.xml
+++ b/tests/resources/mods_book.xml
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
         <url dateLastAccessed="2024-01-27">http://www.slub-dresden.de/some-url</url>
         <url access="preview">http://www.slub-dresden.de/some-url/SLO-0000</url>
         <url access="object in context">http://www.slub-dresden.de/some-url/SLO-0000</url>
-        <url access="raw object">http://www.slub-dresden.de/some-url/SLO-0000</url>
+        <url access="raw">http://www.slub-dresden.de/some-url/SLO-0000</url>
     </location>
     <accessCondition type="use and reproduction">Use of this public-domain resource is unrestricted.</accessCondition>
     <part type="poem" order="1">
diff --git a/tests/resources/mods_serial.xml b/tests/resources/mods_serial.xml
index b353e1b..937c19a 100644
--- a/tests/resources/mods_serial.xml
+++ b/tests/resources/mods_serial.xml
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
     </subject>
     <classification authority="ddc" edition="21">027.7/05</classification>
     <location>
-        <url displayLabel="electronic resource" usage="primary display">http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/7085</url>
+        <url displayLabel="electronic resource" usage="primaryDisplay">http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/7085</url>
     </location>
     <location>
         <url displayLabel="electronic resource">http://collection.nlc-bnc.ca/100/201/300/ejasl/index.html</url>
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
     <recordInfo>
         <descriptionStandard>aacr</descriptionStandard>
         <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">NLC</recordContentSource>
-        <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">021127</recordCreationDate>
+        <recordCreationDate encoding="not allowed">021127</recordCreationDate>
         <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20080910160139.0</recordChangeDate>
         <recordIdentifier>15446420</recordIdentifier>
         <recordOrigin>Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.8 using MARC21slim2MODS3-8_XSLT1-0.xsl (Revision 1.172 20230208)</recordOrigin>