diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__byte_counter.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__byte_counter.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f75e97c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__byte_counter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __vars import *
+
+class byte_counter:
+    def __init__(self, size):
+        self.counters = [0] * size
+
+    def count(self, index):
+        self.counters[index] += pkt_in.get_pkt_size()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__dash_enum.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__dash_enum.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a561de355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__dash_enum.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class dash_enum:
+    pass
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__id_map.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__id_map.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12d4a0d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__id_map.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+id_map = {}
+
+def _search_obj(search_obj):
+    global id_map
+    for id, obj in id_map.items():
+        if obj is search_obj:
+            return id
+    return None
+
+_id = 0
+def generate_id(obj):
+    global _id, id_map
+    res = _search_obj(obj)
+    if res is None:
+        res = _id
+        id_map[res] = obj
+        _id += 1
+    return res
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__jsonize.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__jsonize.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0259a8d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__jsonize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+def _write_str(file, str_value):
+    file.write('"')
+    file.write(str_value)
+    file.write('"')
+
+def _write_int(file, int_value):
+    file.write(str(int_value))
+
+def _write_bool(file, bool_value):
+    file.write(str(bool_value))
+
+def _write_dict(file, dict_value, level):
+    file.write("{\n")
+    i = 0
+    for k in dict_value:
+        file.write(" " * level)
+        file.write('"')
+        file.write(k)
+        file.write('": ')
+        _write_value(file, dict_value[k], level + 1)
+        if i < len(dict_value) - 1:
+            file.write(',')
+        file.write("\n")
+        i += 1
+    file.write(" " * (level - 1))
+    file.write("}")
+
+def _write_list(file, list_value, level):
+    file.write("[\n")
+    i = 0
+    for item in list_value:
+        file.write(" " * level)
+        _write_value(file, item, level + 1)
+        if i < len(list_value) - 1:
+            file.write(',')
+        file.write("\n")
+        i += 1
+    file.write(" " * (level - 1))
+    file.write("]")
+
+def _write_value(file, value, level):
+    value_type = type(value)
+    if value_type == str:
+        _write_str(file, value)
+    elif value_type == dict:
+        _write_dict(file, value, level)
+    elif value_type == list:
+        _write_list(file, value, level)
+    elif value_type == int:
+        _write_int(file, value)
+    elif value_type == bool:
+        _write_bool(file, value)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Type not supported")
+
+def jsonize(file_name, value):
+    file = open(file_name, "w")
+    _write_value(file, value, 1)
+    file.close()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__main.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__main.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9de16933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from __packet_in import *
+from dash_parser import *
+from __vars import *
+from dash_pipeline import *
+
+def run_pipeline(pkt_bytes):
+    pkt_in.reset()
+    hdr.reset()
+    pkt_in.set_data(pkt_bytes)
+    state = dash_parser(pkt_in, hdr)
+    if state == State.reject:
+        raise ValueError("Parser rejected the packet")
+    standard_metadata.ingress_port = 0
+    meta.dropped = False
+    meta.appliance_id = 0
+    meta.encap_data.original_overlay_sip = 0
+    meta.encap_data.original_overlay_dip = 0
+    apply()
+    if is_dropped(standard_metadata):
+        raise ValueError("Pipeline dropped the packet")
+    pkt_out = packet_out()
+    dash_deparser(pkt_out, hdr)
+    final_pkt = pkt_out.data + pkt_in.get_unparsed_slice()
+    return final_pkt.tobytes()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__model_apis.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__model_apis.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9462e861a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__model_apis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+class Ternary:
+    value: str
+    mask: str
+
+class LPM:
+    value: str
+    prefix_len: int
+
+class Range:
+    first: str
+    last: str
+
+class Value:
+    exact: str
+    ternary: Ternary
+    prefix: LPM
+    range: Range
+    ternary_list: list[Ternary]
+    range_list: list[Range]
+
+class InsertRequest:
+    table : int
+    values: list[Value]
+    action: int
+    params: list[str]
+    priority: int
+
+def insert_entry(insertRequest: InsertRequest):
+    pass
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__model_server.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__model_server.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a47d5153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__model_server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+from scapy.all import *
+from __main import *
+from __id_map import *
+import socketserver
+import json
+
+class InsertRequest:
+    class Value:
+        class Ternary:
+            value : str
+            mask  : str
+        
+        class LPM:
+            value : str
+            prefix_len : int
+        
+        class Range:
+            first : str
+            last  : str
+
+        exact   : str
+        ternary : Ternary
+        prefix  : LPM
+        range   : Range
+        ternary_list : list[Ternary]
+        range_list : list[Range]
+
+    table    : int
+    values   : list[Value]
+    action   : int
+    params   : list[str]
+    priority : int
+
+
+def insert_request_to_table_entry(insertRequest: InsertRequest, key_format: list):
+    entry = Entry()
+
+    entry.values = []
+    for idx, val in enumerate(insertRequest.values):
+        if key_format[idx] is EXACT:
+            entry.values.append(int(val.exact, 0))
+        elif key_format[idx] is TERNARY:
+            ternary = Entry.Ternary()
+            ternary.value = int(val.ternary.value , 0)
+            ternary.mask = int(val.ternary.mask , 0)
+            entry.values.append(ternary)
+        elif key_format[idx] is LIST:
+            ternary_list = []
+            for t in val.ternary_list:
+                ternary = Entry.Ternary()
+                ternary.value = int(t.value , 0)
+                ternary.mask = int(t.mask , 0)
+                ternary_list.append(ternary)
+            entry.values.append(ternary_list)
+        elif key_format[idx] is RANGE:
+            range = Entry.Range()
+            range.first = int(val.range.first , 0)
+            range.last = int(val.range.last , 0)
+            entry.values.append(range)
+        elif key_format[idx] is RANGE_LIST:
+            range_list = []
+            for r in val.range_list:
+                range = Entry.Range()
+                range.first = int(r.first , 0)
+                range.last = int(r.last , 0)
+                range_list.append(range)
+            entry.values.append(range_list)
+        elif key_format[idx] is LPM:
+            lpm = Entry.LPM()
+            lpm.value = int(val.prefix.value , 0)
+            lpm.prefix_len = val.prefix.prefix_len
+            entry.values.append(lpm)
+
+    entry.action = id_map[insertRequest.action]
+
+    entry.params = []
+    for param_str in insertRequest.params:
+        entry.params.append(int(param_str , 0))
+
+    entry.priority = insertRequest.priority
+    return entry
+
+def table_insert_api(insertRequest: InsertRequest):
+    table = id_map[insertRequest.table]
+    table.insert(insert_request_to_table_entry(insertRequest, list(table.key.values())))
+
+def json_obj_to_insert_request(json_obj):
+    insertRequest = InsertRequest()
+    insertRequest.table = json_obj["table"]
+
+    insertRequest.values = []
+    for value_in_json in json_obj["values"]:
+        value = InsertRequest.Value()
+        value.exact = value_in_json["exact"]
+
+        value.ternary = InsertRequest.Value.Ternary()
+        value.ternary.value = value_in_json["ternary"]["value"]
+        value.ternary.mask = value_in_json["ternary"]["mask"]
+
+        value.prefix = InsertRequest.Value.LPM()
+        value.prefix.value = value_in_json["prefix"]["value"]
+        value.prefix.prefix_len = value_in_json["prefix"]["prefix_len"]
+
+        value.range = InsertRequest.Value.Range()
+        value.range.first = value_in_json["range"]["first"]
+        value.range.last = value_in_json["range"]["last"]
+
+        value.ternary_list = []
+        for ternary_in_json in value_in_json["ternary_list"]:
+            ternary = InsertRequest.Value.Ternary()
+            ternary.value = ternary_in_json["value"]
+            ternary.mask = ternary_in_json["mask"]
+            value.ternary_list.append(ternary)
+
+        value.range_list = []
+        for range_in_json in value_in_json["range_list"]:
+            range = InsertRequest.Value.Range()
+            range.first = range_in_json["first"]
+            range.last = range_in_json["last"]
+            value.range_list.append(range)
+
+        insertRequest.values.append(value)
+    
+    insertRequest.action = json_obj["action"]
+
+    insertRequest.params = []
+    for param_str in json_obj["params"]:
+        insertRequest.params.append(param_str)
+
+    insertRequest.priority = json_obj["priority"]
+    return insertRequest
+
+class ModelTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
+    def handle(self):
+        api_id = self.request.recv(1)[0]
+        if api_id == 0:
+            json_buf_size = int(self.request.recv(8).decode("ascii"), 16)
+            json_obj = json.loads(self.request.recv(json_buf_size))
+            insertRequest = json_obj_to_insert_request(json_obj)
+            table_insert_api(insertRequest)
+            self.request.sendall(b'\x00')
+
+HOST, PORT = "localhost", 46500
+
+with socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), ModelTCPHandler) as server:
+    # Activate the server; this will keep running until you
+    # interrupt the program with Ctrl-C
+    server.serve_forever()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__packet_in.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__packet_in.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6486727c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__packet_in.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from inspect import *
+from bitarray import *
+from bitarray.util import *
+
+class packet_in:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        self.data  = bitarray(endian="big")
+        self.index = 0
+
+    def set_data(self, data: bytes):
+        self.data.frombytes(data)
+
+    def extract(self, hdr_type):
+        hdr = hdr_type()
+        annotations = get_annotations(hdr_type)
+        for k in annotations:
+            width = annotations[k].__metadata__[0]
+            if self.index + width > len(self.data):
+                return None
+            value = ba2int(self.data[self.index : self.index + width])
+            setattr(hdr, k, value)
+            self.index += width
+        return hdr
+
+    def get_pkt_size(self):
+        return int(len(self.data) / 8)
+
+    def get_unparsed_slice(self):
+        return self.data[self.index:]
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__packet_out.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__packet_out.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1a477d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__packet_out.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from inspect import *
+from bitarray import *
+from bitarray.util import *
+
+class packet_out:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.data = bitarray(endian="big")
+
+    def emit(self, hdr):
+        if hdr:
+            annotations = get_annotations(type(hdr))
+            for k in annotations:
+                width = annotations[k].__metadata__[0]
+                value = getattr(hdr, k)
+                self.data.extend(int2ba(value, width))
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__sai_keys.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__sai_keys.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c777ed53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__sai_keys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+API_NAME       = "api_name"
+SAI_KEY_NAME   = "sai_key_name"
+DEFAULT_ONLY   = "default_only"
+ISOBJECT       = "isobject"
+TYPE           = "type"
+ISRESOURCETYPE = "isresourcetype"
+OBJECTS        = "objects"
+ISREADONLY     = "isreadonly"
+SKIPATTR       = "skipattr"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__standard_metadata.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__standard_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8618b06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__standard_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+class standard_metadata_t:
+    egress_spec : int
+
+_DROP_PORT = 511
+
+def mark_to_drop(standard_metadata: standard_metadata_t):
+    standard_metadata.egress_spec = _DROP_PORT
+
+def is_dropped(standard_metadata: standard_metadata_t):
+    return standard_metadata.egress_spec == _DROP_PORT
+
+def NoAction():
+    pass
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__table.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__table.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c32f6db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+from inspect import *
+from __vars import *
+from __sai_keys import *
+
+class Entry:
+    class Ternary:
+        value : int
+        mask  : int
+
+    class LPM:
+        value : int
+        prefix_len : int
+
+    class Range:
+        first : int
+        last  : int
+
+    values   : list
+    action   : function
+    params   : list[int]
+    priority : int
+
+def EXACT(entry_value: int, match_value: int, width: int):
+    return entry_value == match_value
+
+def TERNARY(entry_value: Entry.Ternary, match_value: int, width: int):
+    value = entry_value.value
+    mask = entry_value.mask
+    return (value & mask) == (match_value & mask)
+
+def LIST(entry_value: list[Entry.Ternary], match_value: int, width: int):
+    for ev in entry_value:
+        if TERNARY(ev, match_value, width):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+def RANGE(entry_value: Entry.Range, match_value: int, width: int):
+    first = entry_value.first
+    last = entry_value.last
+    return match_value >= first and match_value <= last
+
+def RANGE_LIST(entry_value: list[Entry.Range], match_value, width):
+    for ev in entry_value:
+        if RANGE(ev, match_value, width):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+def LPM(entry_value: Entry.LPM, match_value: int, width: int):
+    value = entry_value.value
+    prefix_len = entry_value.prefix_len
+    mask = ((1 << prefix_len) - 1) << (width - prefix_len)
+    return (value & mask) == (match_value & mask)
+
+def _winning_criteria_PRIORITY(a: Entry, b: Entry, key):
+    return a.priority < b.priority
+
+def _winning_criteria_PREFIX_LEN(a: Entry, b: Entry, key):
+    idx = 0
+    for k in key:
+        if key[k] == LPM:
+            break
+        idx = idx + 1
+    return a.values[idx].prefix_len > b.values[idx].prefix_len
+
+class Table:
+    def __init__(self, key, actions, default_action=NoAction, default_params=[], per_entry_stats = False, api_name=None, is_object=None):
+        self.entries = []
+        self.key = key
+        self.actions = actions
+        self.default_action = default_action
+        self.default_params = default_params
+        self.per_entry_stats = per_entry_stats
+        if (default_action is NoAction) and (NoAction not in self.actions):
+            self.actions.append((NoAction, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True}))
+        self.api_hints = self.__extract_api_hints(api_name, is_object)
+
+    def insert(self, entry):
+        self.entries.append(entry)
+
+    def apply(self):
+        entry = self.__lookup()
+        res = {}
+        if entry is None:
+            action = self.default_action
+            params = self.default_params
+            action(*params)
+            res["hit"] = False
+            res["action_run"] = action
+        else:
+            action = entry.action
+            params = entry.params
+            action(*params)
+            res["hit"] = True
+            res["action_run"] = action
+        return res
+
+    def delete(self, entry):
+        self.entries.remove(entry)
+
+    def __match_entry(self, entry: Entry):
+        idx = 0
+        for k in self.key:
+            _read_value_res = _read_value(k)
+            match_value = _read_value_res[0]
+            width = _read_value_res[1]
+            match_routine = self.key[k]
+            entry_value = entry.values[idx]
+            if not match_routine(entry_value, match_value, width):
+                return False
+            idx = idx + 1
+        return True
+
+    def __get_all_matching_entries(self):
+        matching_entries = []
+        for e in self.entries:
+            if self.__match_entry(e):
+                matching_entries.append(e)
+        return matching_entries
+
+    def __get_winning_criteria(self):
+        for k in self.key:
+            if self.key[k]==TERNARY or self.key[k]==LIST or self.key[k]==RANGE or self.key[k]==RANGE_LIST:
+                return _winning_criteria_PRIORITY
+        for k in self.key:
+            if self.key[k]==LPM:
+                return _winning_criteria_PREFIX_LEN
+        return None
+
+    def __select_winning_entry(self, matching_entries):
+        winning_criteria = self.__get_winning_criteria()
+        curr_winner = matching_entries[0]
+        for e in matching_entries[1:]:
+            if winning_criteria(e, curr_winner, self.key):
+                curr_winner = e
+        return curr_winner
+
+    def __lookup(self):
+        matching_entries = self.__get_all_matching_entries()
+        if not matching_entries:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self.__select_winning_entry(matching_entries)
+
+    def __extract_api_hints(self, api_name, is_object):
+        api_hints = {}
+        for k in self.key:
+            if type(self.key[k]) == tuple:
+                api_hints[k] = self.key[k][1]
+                self.key[k] = self.key[k][0]
+        for idx, action in enumerate(self.actions):
+            if type(action) == tuple:
+                api_hints[action[0]] = action[1]
+                self.actions[idx] = action[0]
+        if api_name:
+            api_hints[API_NAME] = api_name
+        if is_object:
+            api_hints[ISOBJECT] = is_object
+        return api_hints
+
+def _read_value(input):
+    tokens = input.split(".")
+    container = globals()[tokens[0]]
+    var_name = tokens[1]
+    var = getattr(container, var_name)
+    for token in tokens[2:]:
+        container = var
+        var_name = token
+        var = getattr(container, var_name)
+    width = (get_annotations(type(container))[var_name].__metadata__)[0]
+    return (var, width)
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/__vars.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__vars.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad55f60b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/__vars.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from dash_metadata import *
+from dash_headers import *
+from __standard_metadata import *
+from __packet_in import *
+
+meta = metadata_t()
+hdr = headers_t()
+standard_metadata = standard_metadata_t()
+
+pkt_in = packet_in()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_acl.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_acl.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bdbb35d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_acl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __table import *
+from __sai_keys import *
+
+def permit():
+    meta.acl_outcome_allow = 1
+    meta.acl_outcome_terminate = 1
+
+def permit_and_continue():
+    meta.acl_outcome_allow = 1
+    meta.acl_outcome_terminate = 0
+
+def deny():
+    meta.acl_outcome_allow = 0
+    meta.acl_outcome_terminate = 1
+
+def deny_and_continue():
+    meta.acl_outcome_allow = 0
+    meta.acl_outcome_terminate = 0
+
+dash_acl_rule = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.dash_acl_group_id": (EXACT,       {TYPE : "sai_object_id_t", ISRESOURCETYPE : "true", OBJECTS : "SAI_OBJECT_TYPE_DASH_ACL_GROUP"}),
+        "meta.dst_ip_addr"      : (LIST,        {SAI_KEY_NAME : "dip"}),
+        "meta.src_ip_addr"      : (LIST,        {SAI_KEY_NAME : "sip"}),
+        "meta.ip_protocol"      : (LIST,        {SAI_KEY_NAME : "protocol"}),
+        "meta.src_l4_port"      : (RANGE_LIST,  {SAI_KEY_NAME : "src_port"}),
+        "meta.dst_l4_port"      : (RANGE_LIST,  {SAI_KEY_NAME : "dst_port"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+        permit,
+        permit_and_continue,
+        deny,
+        deny_and_continue
+    ],
+    default_action = deny,
+    per_entry_stats = True,
+    api_name="dash_acl"
+)
+
+def acl_apply():
+    group_ids = [
+        meta.stage1_dash_acl_group_id,
+        meta.stage2_dash_acl_group_id,
+        meta.stage3_dash_acl_group_id,
+        meta.stage4_dash_acl_group_id,
+        meta.stage5_dash_acl_group_id
+    ]
+
+    meta.acl_outcome_allow = False
+    for group_id in group_ids:
+        if group_id != 0:
+            meta.dash_acl_group_id = group_id
+            dash_acl_rule.apply()
+            if meta.acl_outcome_terminate:
+                break
+
+    if not meta.acl_outcome_allow:
+        meta.dropped = True
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_flows.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_flows.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e22cd2c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_flows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from __table import *
+from threading import *
+
+def flow_action_inbound(timer, original_overlay_sip, original_overlay_dip):
+    meta.encap_data.original_overlay_sip = original_overlay_sip
+    meta.encap_data.original_overlay_dip = original_overlay_dip
+    timer.restart()
+
+def flow_action_outbound(timer):
+    timer.restart()
+
+flows = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.eni_id"   : EXACT,
+        "meta.src_ip_addr"      : EXACT,
+        "meta.dst_ip_addr"      : EXACT,
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : EXACT,
+        "meta.src_l4_port" : EXACT,
+        "meta.dst_l4_port" : EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [
+        flow_action_inbound,
+        flow_action_outbound
+    ]
+)
+
+def _flow_timer_callback(forward_flow, reverse_flow):
+    flows.delete(forward_flow)
+    flows.delete(reverse_flow)
+
+class flow_timer:
+    def __init__(self, interval, forward_flow, reverse_flow):
+        self.interval = interval
+        self.forward_flow = forward_flow
+        self.reverse_flow = reverse_flow
+        self.timer = Timer(self.interval, _flow_timer_callback, [self.forward_flow, self.reverse_flow])
+
+    def start(self):
+        self.timer.start()
+
+    def restart(self):
+        self.timer.cancel()
+        self.timer = Timer(self.interval, _flow_timer_callback, [self.forward_flow, self.reverse_flow])
+        self.timer.start()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_headers.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..339ee3977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+from typing import *
+from inspect import *
+from __dash_enum import *
+
+EthernetAddress_size = 48
+IPv4Address_size = 32
+IPv6Address_size = 128
+IPv4ORv6Address_size = 128
+
+UDP_PORT_VXLAN = 0x12B5
+UDP_PROTO      = 0x11
+TCP_PROTO      = 0x06
+NVGRE_PROTO    = 0x2f
+IPV4_ETHTYPE   = 0x0800
+IPV6_ETHTYPE   = 0x86DD
+
+class ethernet_t:
+    dst_addr   : Annotated[int, EthernetAddress_size]
+    src_addr   : Annotated[int, EthernetAddress_size]
+    ether_type : Annotated[int, 16]
+
+ETHER_HDR_SIZE = 14
+
+class ipv4_t:
+    version        : Annotated[int, 4]
+    ihl            : Annotated[int, 4]
+    diffserv       : Annotated[int, 8]
+    total_len      : Annotated[int, 16]
+    identification : Annotated[int, 16]
+    flags          : Annotated[int, 3]
+    frag_offset    : Annotated[int, 13]
+    ttl            : Annotated[int, 8]
+    protocol       : Annotated[int, 8]
+    hdr_checksum   : Annotated[int, 16]
+    src_addr       : Annotated[int, IPv4Address_size]
+    dst_addr       : Annotated[int, IPv4Address_size]
+
+IPV4_HDR_SIZE = 20
+
+class udp_t:
+    src_port : Annotated[int, 16]
+    dst_port : Annotated[int, 16]
+    length   : Annotated[int, 16]
+    checksum : Annotated[int, 16]
+
+UDP_HDR_SIZE = 8
+
+class vxlan_t:
+    flags      : Annotated[int, 8]
+    reserved   : Annotated[int, 24]
+    vni        : Annotated[int, 24]
+    reserved_2 : Annotated[int, 8]
+
+VXLAN_HDR_SIZE = 8
+
+class nvgre_t:
+    flags         : Annotated[int, 4]
+    reserved      : Annotated[int, 9]
+    version       : Annotated[int, 3]
+    protocol_type : Annotated[int, 16]
+    vsid          : Annotated[int, 24]
+    flow_id       : Annotated[int, 8]
+
+NVGRE_HDR_SIZE = 8
+
+class tcp_t:
+    src_port    : Annotated[int, 16]
+    dst_port    : Annotated[int, 16]
+    seq_no      : Annotated[int, 32]
+    ack_no      : Annotated[int, 32]
+    data_offset : Annotated[int, 4]
+    res         : Annotated[int, 3]
+    ecn         : Annotated[int, 3]
+    flags       : Annotated[int, 6]
+    window      : Annotated[int, 16]
+    checksum    : Annotated[int, 16]
+    urgent_ptr  : Annotated[int, 16]
+
+TCP_HDR_SIZE = 20
+
+class ipv6_t:
+    version        : Annotated[int, 4]
+    traffic_class  : Annotated[int, 8]
+    flow_label     : Annotated[int, 20]
+    payload_length : Annotated[int, 16]
+    next_header    : Annotated[int, 8]
+    hop_limit      : Annotated[int, 8]
+    src_addr       : Annotated[int, IPv6Address_size]
+    dst_addr       : Annotated[int, IPv6Address_size]
+
+IPV6_HDR_SIZE = 40
+
+class headers_t:
+    ethernet       : ethernet_t
+    ipv4           : ipv4_t
+    ipv6           : ipv6_t
+    udp            : udp_t
+    tcp            : tcp_t
+    vxlan          : vxlan_t
+    nvgre          : nvgre_t
+    inner_ethernet : ethernet_t
+    inner_ipv4     : ipv4_t
+    inner_ipv6     : ipv6_t
+    inner_udp      : udp_t
+    inner_tcp      : tcp_t
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        annotations = get_annotations(type(self))
+        for k in annotations:
+            setattr(self, k, None)
+
+class dash_encapsulation_t(dash_enum):
+    INVALID = 0
+    VXLAN   = 1
+    NVGRE   = 2
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_inbound.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_inbound.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15aa1ffd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_inbound.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from dash_service_tunnel import *
+from dash_vxlan import *
+from dash_flows import *
+from dash_acl import *
+
+def inbound_apply():
+    flow_hit = flows.apply()["hit"]
+
+    if meta.encap_data.original_overlay_sip != 0:
+        service_tunnel_decode(meta.encap_data.original_overlay_sip,
+                              meta.encap_data.original_overlay_dip)
+
+    if not flow_hit:
+        acl_apply()
+        if not meta.dropped:
+            _create_flows()
+
+    vxlan_encap(meta.encap_data.underlay_dmac,
+                meta.encap_data.underlay_smac,
+                meta.encap_data.underlay_dip,
+                meta.encap_data.underlay_sip,
+                hdr.ethernet.dst_addr,
+                meta.encap_data.vni)
+
+def _create_flows():
+    forward_flow = {}
+    reverse_flow = {}
+    timer = flow_timer(5, forward_flow, reverse_flow)
+
+    forward_flow["meta.eni_id"] = meta.eni_id
+    forward_flow["meta.src_ip_addr"] = meta.src_ip_addr
+    forward_flow["meta.dst_ip_addr"] = meta.dst_ip_addr
+    forward_flow["meta.ip_protocol"] = meta.ip_protocol
+    forward_flow["meta.src_l4_port"] = meta.src_l4_port
+    forward_flow["meta.dst_l4_port"] = meta.dst_l4_port
+    forward_flow["action"] = flow_action_inbound
+    forward_flow["params"] = [timer, 0, 0]
+
+    reverse_flow["meta.eni_id"] = meta.eni_id
+    reverse_flow["meta.src_ip_addr"] = meta.dst_ip_addr
+    reverse_flow["meta.dst_ip_addr"] = meta.src_ip_addr
+    reverse_flow["meta.ip_protocol"] = meta.ip_protocol
+    reverse_flow["meta.src_l4_port"] = meta.dst_l4_port
+    reverse_flow["meta.dst_l4_port"] = meta.src_l4_port
+    reverse_flow["action"] = flow_action_outbound
+    reverse_flow["params"] = [timer]
+
+    flows.insert(forward_flow)
+    flows.insert(reverse_flow)
+
+    timer.start()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_metadata.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29a71b217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from typing import *
+from __dash_enum import *
+
+class encap_data_t:
+    vni                   :  Annotated[int, 24]
+    dest_vnet_vni         :  Annotated[int, 24]
+    underlay_sip          :  Annotated[int, IPv4Address_size]
+    underlay_dip          :  Annotated[int, IPv4Address_size]
+    underlay_smac         :  Annotated[int, EthernetAddress_size]
+    underlay_dmac         :  Annotated[int, EthernetAddress_size]
+    overlay_dmac          :  Annotated[int, EthernetAddress_size]
+    dash_encapsulation    :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    service_tunnel_key    :  Annotated[int, 24]
+    original_overlay_sip  :  Annotated[int, IPv4Address_size]
+    original_overlay_dip  :  Annotated[int, IPv4Address_size]
+
+class dash_direction_t(dash_enum):
+    INVALID   =  0
+    OUTBOUND  =  1
+    INBOUND   =  2
+
+class conntrack_data_t:
+    allow_in  : bool
+    allow_out : bool
+
+class eni_data_t:
+    cps          :  Annotated[int, 32]
+    pps          :  Annotated[int, 32]
+    flows        :  Annotated[int, 32]
+    admin_state  :  Annotated[int, 1]
+
+class metadata_t:
+    dropped                      :  bool
+    direction                    :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    encap_data                   :  encap_data_t
+    eni_addr                     :  Annotated[int, EthernetAddress_size]
+    vnet_id                      :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    dst_vnet_id                  :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    eni_id                       :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    eni_data                     :  eni_data_t
+    inbound_vm_id                :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    appliance_id                 :  Annotated[int, 8]
+    is_overlay_ip_v6             :  Annotated[int, 1]
+    is_lkup_dst_ip_v6            :  Annotated[int, 1]
+    ip_protocol                  :  Annotated[int, 8]
+    dst_ip_addr                  :  Annotated[int, IPv4ORv6Address_size]
+    src_ip_addr                  :  Annotated[int, IPv4ORv6Address_size]
+    lkup_dst_ip_addr             :  Annotated[int, IPv4ORv6Address_size]
+    conntrack_data               :  conntrack_data_t
+    src_l4_port                  :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    dst_l4_port                  :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    dash_acl_group_id            :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    acl_outcome_allow            :  Annotated[int, 1]
+    acl_outcome_terminate        :  Annotated[int, 1]
+    stage1_dash_acl_group_id     :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    stage2_dash_acl_group_id     :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    stage3_dash_acl_group_id     :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    stage4_dash_acl_group_id     :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    stage5_dash_acl_group_id     :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    meter_policy_en              :  Annotated[int, 1]
+    mapping_meter_class_override :  Annotated[int, 1]
+    meter_policy_id              :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    policy_meter_class           :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    route_meter_class            :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    mapping_meter_class          :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    meter_class                  :  Annotated[int, 16]
+    meter_bucket_index           :  Annotated[int, 32]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.encap_data     = encap_data_t()
+        self.eni_data       = eni_data_t()
+        self.conntrack_data = conntrack_data_t()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_nvgre.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_nvgre.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba69bd5df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_nvgre.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from __vars import *
+
+def nvgre_encap(underlay_dmac : Annotated[int, 48],
+                underlay_smac : Annotated[int, 48],
+                underlay_dip  : Annotated[int, 32],
+                underlay_sip  : Annotated[int, 32],
+                overlay_dmac  : Annotated[int, 48],
+                vsid          : Annotated[int, 24]):
+    hdr.inner_ethernet = hdr.ethernet
+    hdr.inner_ethernet.dst_addr = overlay_dmac
+    hdr.ethernet = None
+
+    hdr.inner_ipv4 = hdr.ipv4
+    hdr.ipv4 = None
+    hdr.inner_ipv6 = hdr.ipv6
+    hdr.ipv6 = None
+    hdr.inner_tcp = hdr.tcp
+    hdr.tcp = None
+    hdr.inner_udp = hdr.udp
+    hdr.udp = None
+
+    hdr.ethernet = ethernet_t()
+    hdr.ethernet.dst_addr = underlay_dmac
+    hdr.ethernet.src_addr = underlay_smac
+    hdr.ethernet.ether_type = IPV4_ETHTYPE
+
+    hdr.ipv4 = ipv4_t()
+    hdr.ipv4.version = 4
+    hdr.ipv4.ihl = 5
+    hdr.ipv4.diffserv = 0
+
+    hdr.ipv4.total_len = ETHER_HDR_SIZE + IPV4_HDR_SIZE + NVGRE_HDR_SIZE
+    if hdr.inner_ipv4:
+        hdr.ipv4.total_len += hdr.inner_ipv4.total_len    
+    if hdr.inner_ipv6:
+        hdr.ipv4.total_len += hdr.inner_ipv6.payload_length + IPV6_HDR_SIZE
+
+    hdr.ipv4.identification = 1
+    hdr.ipv4.flags = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.frag_offset = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.ttl = 64
+    hdr.ipv4.protocol = NVGRE_PROTO
+    hdr.ipv4.dst_addr = underlay_dip
+    hdr.ipv4.src_addr = underlay_sip
+    hdr.ipv4.hdr_checksum = 0
+
+    hdr.nvgre = nvgre_t()
+    hdr.nvgre.flags = 4
+    hdr.nvgre.reserved = 0
+    hdr.nvgre.version = 0
+    hdr.nvgre.protocol_type = 0x6558
+    hdr.nvgre.vsid = vsid
+    hdr.nvgre.flow_id = 0
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_outbound.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_outbound.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3133d7b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_outbound.py
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from dash_service_tunnel import *
+from __table import *
+from dash_vxlan import *
+from dash_acl import *
+from dash_flows import *
+from __sai_keys import *
+
+def set_route_meter_attrs(meter_policy_en : Annotated[int, 1],
+                          meter_class     : Annotated[int, 16]):
+    meta.meter_policy_en = meter_policy_en
+    meta.route_meter_class = meter_class
+
+def route_vnet(dst_vnet_id     : Annotated[int, 16],
+               meter_policy_en : Annotated[int, 1],
+               meter_class     : Annotated[int, 16]):
+    meta.dst_vnet_id = dst_vnet_id
+    set_route_meter_attrs(meter_policy_en, meter_class)
+
+def route_vnet_direct(dst_vnet_id            : Annotated[int, 16],
+                      is_overlay_ip_v4_or_v6 : Annotated[int, 1],
+                      overlay_ip             : Annotated[int, 128],
+                      meter_policy_en        : Annotated[int, 1],
+                      meter_class            : Annotated[int, 16]):
+    meta.dst_vnet_id = dst_vnet_id
+    meta.lkup_dst_ip_addr = overlay_ip
+    meta.is_lkup_dst_ip_v6 = is_overlay_ip_v4_or_v6
+    set_route_meter_attrs(meter_policy_en, meter_class)
+
+def route_direct(meter_policy_en : Annotated[int, 1],
+                 meter_class     : Annotated[int, 16]):
+    set_route_meter_attrs(meter_policy_en, meter_class)
+    # send to underlay router without any encap
+
+def drop():
+    meta.dropped = True
+
+def route_service_tunnel(is_overlay_dip_v4_or_v6      : Annotated[int, 1],
+                         overlay_dip                  : Annotated[int, 128],
+                         is_overlay_dip_mask_v4_or_v6 : Annotated[int, 1],
+                         overlay_dip_mask             : Annotated[int, 128],
+                         is_overlay_sip_v4_or_v6      : Annotated[int, 1],
+                         overlay_sip                  : Annotated[int, 128],
+                         is_overlay_sip_mask_v4_or_v6 : Annotated[int, 1],
+                         overlay_sip_mask             : Annotated[int, 128],
+                         is_underlay_dip_v4_or_v6     : Annotated[int, 1],
+                         underlay_dip                 : Annotated[int, 128],
+                         is_underlay_sip_v4_or_v6     : Annotated[int, 1],
+                         underlay_sip                 : Annotated[int, 128],
+                         dash_encapsulation           : Annotated[int, 16],
+                         tunnel_key                   : Annotated[int, 24],
+                         meter_policy_en              : Annotated[int, 1],
+                         meter_class                  : Annotated[int, 16]):
+    # Assume the overlay addresses provided are always IPv6 and the original are IPv4
+    # assert(is_overlay_dip_v4_or_v6 == 1 && is_overlay_sip_v4_or_v6 == 1);
+    # assert(is_overlay_dip_mask_v4_or_v6 == 1 && is_overlay_sip_mask_v4_or_v6 == 1);
+    # assert(is_underlay_dip_v4_or_v6 != 1 && is_underlay_sip_v4_or_v6 != 1);
+    meta.encap_data.original_overlay_dip = hdr.ipv4.src_addr
+    meta.encap_data.original_overlay_sip = hdr.ipv4.dst_addr
+
+    service_tunnel_encode(overlay_dip,
+                          overlay_dip_mask,
+                          overlay_sip,
+                          overlay_sip_mask)
+
+    # encapsulation will be done in apply block based on dash_encapsulation
+    if underlay_dip == 0:
+        meta.encap_data.underlay_dip = meta.encap_data.original_overlay_dip
+    else:
+        meta.encap_data.underlay_dip = underlay_dip
+    
+    if underlay_sip == 0:
+        meta.encap_data.underlay_sip = meta.encap_data.original_overlay_sip
+    else:
+        meta.encap_data.underlay_sip = underlay_sip
+
+    meta.encap_data.overlay_dmac = hdr.ethernet.dst_addr
+    meta.encap_data.dash_encapsulation = dash_encapsulation
+    meta.encap_data.service_tunnel_key = tunnel_key
+    set_route_meter_attrs(meter_policy_en, meter_class)
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.eni_id"          : (EXACT,  {SAI_KEY_NAME: "eni_id"}),
+        "meta.is_overlay_ip_v6": (EXACT,  {SAI_KEY_NAME: "is_destination_v4_or_v6"}),
+        "meta.dst_ip_addr"     : (LPM,    {SAI_KEY_NAME: "destination"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       route_vnet,
+       route_vnet_direct,
+       route_direct,
+       route_service_tunnel,
+       drop
+    ],
+    default_action = drop,
+    per_entry_stats = True
+)
+
+def set_tunnel_mapping(underlay_dip         : Annotated[int, 32],
+                       overlay_dmac         : Annotated[int, 48],
+                       use_dst_vnet_vni     : Annotated[int, 1],
+                       meter_class          : Annotated[int, 16],
+                       meter_class_override : Annotated[int, 1]):
+    if use_dst_vnet_vni == 1:
+        meta.vnet_id = meta.dst_vnet_id
+    meta.encap_data.overlay_dmac = overlay_dmac
+    meta.encap_data.underlay_dip = underlay_dip
+    meta.mapping_meter_class = meter_class
+    meta.mapping_meter_class_override = meter_class_override
+
+outbound_ca_to_pa = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.dst_vnet_id"      : (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME: "dst_vnet_id"}),
+        "meta.is_lkup_dst_ip_v6": (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME: "is_dip_v4_or_v6"}),
+        "meta.lkup_dst_ip_addr" : (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME: "dip"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_tunnel_mapping,
+       (drop, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True})
+    ],
+    default_action = drop,
+    per_entry_stats = True
+)
+
+def set_vnet_attrs(vni: Annotated[int, 24]):
+    meta.encap_data.vni = vni
+
+vnet = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.vnet_id": EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_vnet_attrs
+    ]
+)
+
+def _create_flows():
+    forward_flow = {}
+    reverse_flow = {}
+    timer = flow_timer(5, forward_flow, reverse_flow)
+    forward_flow["meta.eni_id"] = meta.eni_id
+    forward_flow["meta.src_ip_addr"] = meta.src_ip_addr
+    forward_flow["meta.dst_ip_addr"] = meta.dst_ip_addr
+    forward_flow["meta.ip_protocol"] = meta.ip_protocol
+    forward_flow["meta.src_l4_port"] = meta.src_l4_port
+    forward_flow["meta.dst_l4_port"] = meta.dst_l4_port
+    forward_flow["action"] = flow_action_outbound
+    forward_flow["params"] = [timer]
+
+    reverse_flow["meta.eni_id"] = meta.eni_id
+    reverse_flow["meta.src_ip_addr"] = meta.dst_ip_addr
+    reverse_flow["meta.dst_ip_addr"] = meta.src_ip_addr
+    reverse_flow["meta.ip_protocol"] = meta.ip_protocol
+    reverse_flow["meta.src_l4_port"] = meta.dst_l4_port
+    reverse_flow["meta.dst_l4_port"] = meta.src_l4_port
+    reverse_flow["action"] = flow_action_inbound
+    reverse_flow["params"] = [
+        timer,
+        meta.encap_data.original_overlay_sip,
+        meta.encap_data.original_overlay_dip
+    ]
+    flows.insert(forward_flow)
+    flows.insert(reverse_flow)
+
+    timer.start()
+
+def outbound_apply():
+    flow_hit = flows.apply()["hit"]
+
+    if not flow_hit:
+        acl_apply()
+        if not meta.dropped:
+            _create_flows()
+
+    meta.lkup_dst_ip_addr = meta.dst_ip_addr
+    meta.is_lkup_dst_ip_v6 = meta.is_overlay_ip_v6
+
+    action_run = outbound_routing.apply()["action_run"]
+
+    if action_run == route_vnet_direct or action_run == route_vnet:
+        outbound_ca_to_pa.apply()
+        vnet.apply()
+        vxlan_encap(meta.encap_data.underlay_dmac,
+                    meta.encap_data.underlay_smac,
+                    meta.encap_data.underlay_dip,
+                    meta.encap_data.underlay_sip,
+                    meta.encap_data.overlay_dmac,
+                    meta.encap_data.vni)
+    elif action_run == route_service_tunnel:
+        if meta.encap_data.dash_encapsulation == dash_encapsulation_t.VXLAN:
+            vxlan_encap(meta.encap_data.underlay_dmac,
+                        meta.encap_data.underlay_smac,
+                        meta.encap_data.underlay_dip,
+                        meta.encap_data.underlay_sip,
+                        meta.encap_data.overlay_dmac,
+                        meta.encap_data.service_tunnel_key)
+        elif meta.encap_data.dash_encapsulation == dash_encapsulation_t.NVGRE:
+            nvgre_encap(meta.encap_data.underlay_dmac,
+                        meta.encap_data.underlay_smac,
+                        meta.encap_data.underlay_dip,
+                        meta.encap_data.underlay_sip,
+                        meta.encap_data.overlay_dmac,
+                        meta.encap_data.service_tunnel_key)
+        else:
+            drop()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_parser.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2990dadba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from __packet_in import *
+from __packet_out import *
+
+class State(Enum):
+    accept                =  auto()
+    reject                =  auto()
+    start                 =  auto()
+    parse_ipv4            =  auto()
+    parse_ipv6            =  auto()
+    parse_udp             =  auto()
+    parse_tcp             =  auto()
+    parse_vxlan           =  auto()
+    parse_inner_ethernet  =  auto()
+    parse_inner_ipv4      =  auto()
+    parse_inner_ipv6      =  auto()
+    parse_inner_tcp       =  auto()
+    parse_inner_udp       =  auto()
+
+def dash_parser(packet: packet_in, hdr: headers_t):
+    state = State.start
+    while True:
+        state = _dash_parser(packet, hdr, state)
+        if state==State.accept or state==State.reject:
+            break
+    return state
+
+def _dash_parser(packet: packet_in, hdr: headers_t, state: State):
+    match state:
+        case State.start:
+            hdr.ethernet = packet.extract(ethernet_t)
+            if hdr.ethernet == None:
+                return State.reject
+            if hdr.ethernet.ether_type == IPV4_ETHTYPE:
+                return State.parse_ipv4
+            elif hdr.ethernet.ether_type == IPV6_ETHTYPE:
+                return State.parse_ipv6
+            else:
+                return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_ipv4:
+            hdr.ipv4 = packet.extract(ipv4_t)
+            if hdr.ipv4 == None:
+                return State.reject
+            if not (hdr.ipv4.version == 4):
+                return State.reject
+            if not (hdr.ipv4.ihl == 5):
+                return State.reject
+            if hdr.ipv4.protocol == UDP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_udp
+            elif hdr.ipv4.protocol == TCP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_tcp
+            else:
+                return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_ipv6:
+            hdr.ipv6 = packet.extract(ipv6_t)
+            if hdr.ipv6 == None:
+                return State.reject
+            if hdr.ipv6.next_header == UDP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_udp
+            elif hdr.ipv6.next_header == TCP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_tcp
+            else:
+                return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_udp:
+            hdr.udp = packet.extract(udp_t)
+            if hdr.udp == None:
+                return State.reject
+            if hdr.udp.dst_port == UDP_PORT_VXLAN:
+                return State.parse_vxlan
+            else:
+                return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_tcp:
+            hdr.tcp = packet.extract(tcp_t)
+            if hdr.tcp == None:
+                return State.reject
+            return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_vxlan:
+            hdr.vxlan = packet.extract(vxlan_t)
+            if hdr.vxlan == None:
+                return State.reject
+            return State.parse_inner_ethernet
+
+        case State.parse_inner_ethernet:
+            hdr.inner_ethernet = packet.extract(ethernet_t)
+            if hdr.inner_ethernet == None:
+                return State.reject
+            if hdr.inner_ethernet.ether_type == IPV4_ETHTYPE:
+                return State.parse_inner_ipv4
+            elif hdr.inner_ethernet.ether_type == IPV6_ETHTYPE:
+                return State.parse_inner_ipv6
+            else:
+                return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_inner_ipv4:
+            hdr.inner_ipv4 = packet.extract(ipv4_t)
+            if hdr.inner_ipv4 == None:
+                return State.reject
+            if not (hdr.inner_ipv4.version == 4):
+                return State.reject
+            if not (hdr.inner_ipv4.ihl == 5):
+                return State.reject
+            if hdr.inner_ipv4.protocol == UDP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_inner_udp
+            elif hdr.inner_ipv4.protocol == TCP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_inner_tcp
+            else:
+                return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_inner_ipv6:
+            hdr.inner_ipv6 = packet.extract(ipv6_t)
+            if hdr.inner_ipv6 == None:
+                return State.reject
+            if hdr.inner_ipv6.next_header == UDP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_inner_udp
+            elif hdr.inner_ipv6.next_header == TCP_PROTO:
+                return State.parse_inner_tcp
+            else:
+                return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_inner_tcp:
+            hdr.inner_tcp = packet.extract(tcp_t)
+            if hdr.inner_tcp == None:
+                return State.reject
+            return State.accept
+
+        case State.parse_inner_udp:
+            hdr.inner_udp = packet.extract(udp_t)
+            if hdr.inner_udp == None:
+                return State.reject
+            return State.accept
+
+def dash_deparser(packet: packet_out, hdr: headers_t):
+    packet.emit(hdr.ethernet)
+    packet.emit(hdr.ipv4)
+    packet.emit(hdr.ipv6)
+    packet.emit(hdr.udp)
+    packet.emit(hdr.tcp)
+    packet.emit(hdr.vxlan)
+    packet.emit(hdr.nvgre)
+    packet.emit(hdr.inner_ethernet)
+    packet.emit(hdr.inner_ipv4)
+    packet.emit(hdr.inner_ipv6)
+    packet.emit(hdr.inner_tcp)
+    packet.emit(hdr.inner_udp)
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_pipeline.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_pipeline.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bde9a9103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_pipeline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+from __table import *
+from __byte_counter import *
+from dash_vxlan import *
+from dash_outbound import *
+from dash_inbound import *
+from dash_underlay import *
+from __sai_keys import *
+
+def drop_action():
+    mark_to_drop(standard_metadata)
+
+def deny():
+    meta.dropped = True
+
+def accept():
+    pass
+
+vip = Table(
+    key = {
+        "hdr.ipv4.dst_addr": (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME: "VIP"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       accept,
+       (deny, {DEFAULT_ONLY: True})
+    ],
+    default_action = deny
+)
+
+def set_outbound_direction():
+    meta.direction = dash_direction_t.OUTBOUND
+
+def set_inbound_direction():
+    meta.direction = dash_direction_t.INBOUND
+
+direction_lookup = Table(
+    key = {
+        "hdr.vxlan.vni": (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME: "VNI"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_outbound_direction,
+       (set_inbound_direction, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True})
+    ],
+    default_action = set_inbound_direction
+)
+
+def set_appliance(neighbor_mac: Annotated[int, 48], mac: Annotated[int, 48]):
+    meta.encap_data.underlay_dmac = neighbor_mac
+    meta.encap_data.underlay_smac = mac
+
+appliance = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.appliance_id" : TERNARY
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_appliance
+    ]
+)
+
+def set_eni_attrs(cps                : Annotated[int, 32],
+                  pps                : Annotated[int, 32],
+                  flows              : Annotated[int, 32],
+                  admin_state        : Annotated[int, 1],
+                  vm_underlay_dip    : Annotated[int, 32],
+                  vm_vni             : Annotated[int, 24, {TYPE : "sai_uint32_t"}],
+                  vnet_id            : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  v4_meter_policy_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  v6_meter_policy_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v4_stage1_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v4_stage2_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v4_stage3_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v4_stage4_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v4_stage5_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],                  
+
+                  inbound_v6_stage1_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v6_stage2_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v6_stage3_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v6_stage4_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  inbound_v6_stage5_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+
+                  outbound_v4_stage1_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v4_stage2_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v4_stage3_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v4_stage4_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v4_stage5_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+
+                  outbound_v6_stage1_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v6_stage2_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v6_stage3_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v6_stage4_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16],
+                  outbound_v6_stage5_dash_acl_group_id : Annotated[int, 16]
+                  ):
+    meta.eni_data.cps            = cps
+    meta.eni_data.pps            = pps
+    meta.eni_data.flows          = flows
+    meta.eni_data.admin_state    = admin_state
+    meta.encap_data.underlay_dip = vm_underlay_dip
+    # vm_vni is the encap VNI used for tunnel between inbound DPU -> VM
+    # and not a VNET identifier
+    meta.encap_data.vni          = vm_vni
+    meta.vnet_id                 = vnet_id
+
+    if meta.is_overlay_ip_v6 == 1:
+        if meta.direction == dash_direction_t.OUTBOUND:
+            meta.stage1_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v6_stage1_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage2_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v6_stage2_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage3_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v6_stage3_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage4_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v6_stage4_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage5_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v6_stage5_dash_acl_group_id
+        else:
+            meta.stage1_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v6_stage1_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage2_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v6_stage2_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage3_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v6_stage3_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage4_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v6_stage4_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage5_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v6_stage5_dash_acl_group_id
+        meta.meter_policy_id = v6_meter_policy_id
+    else:
+        if meta.direction == dash_direction_t.OUTBOUND:
+            meta.stage1_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v4_stage1_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage2_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v4_stage2_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage3_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v4_stage3_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage4_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v4_stage4_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage5_dash_acl_group_id = outbound_v4_stage5_dash_acl_group_id
+        else:
+            meta.stage1_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v4_stage1_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage2_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v4_stage2_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage3_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v4_stage3_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage4_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v4_stage4_dash_acl_group_id
+            meta.stage5_dash_acl_group_id = inbound_v4_stage5_dash_acl_group_id
+        meta.meter_policy_id = v4_meter_policy_id
+
+eni = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.eni_id" : EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_eni_attrs,
+       (deny, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True})
+    ],
+    default_action = deny
+)
+
+def permit():
+    pass
+
+def vxlan_decap_pa_validate(src_vnet_id: Annotated[int, 16]):
+    meta.vnet_id = src_vnet_id
+
+pa_validation = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.vnet_id"     : EXACT,
+        "hdr.ipv4.src_addr": (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME : "sip"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       permit,
+       (deny, {DEFAULT_ONLY: True})
+    ],
+    default_action = deny
+)
+
+inbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.eni_id"       : EXACT,
+        "hdr.vxlan.vni"     : (EXACT,   {SAI_KEY_NAME: "VNI"}),
+        "hdr.ipv4.src_addr" : (TERNARY, {SAI_KEY_NAME : "sip"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       vxlan_decap,
+       vxlan_decap_pa_validate,
+       (deny, {DEFAULT_ONLY: True})
+    ],
+    default_action = deny
+)
+
+def check_ip_addr_family(ip_addr_family: Annotated[int, 32, {TYPE : "sai_ip_addr_family_t", ISRESOURCETYPE : "true"}]):
+    if ip_addr_family == 0:
+        if meta.is_overlay_ip_v6 == 1:
+            meta.dropped = True
+    else:
+        if meta.is_overlay_ip_v6 == 0:
+            meta.dropped = True
+
+meter_policy = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.meter_policy_id" : EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [
+       check_ip_addr_family
+    ],
+    api_name = "dash_meter",
+    is_object = "true"
+)
+
+def set_policy_meter_class(meter_class: Annotated[int, 16]):
+    meta.policy_meter_class = meter_class
+
+meter_rule = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.meter_policy_id" : (EXACT,    {TYPE : "sai_object_id_t", ISRESOURCETYPE : "true", OBJECTS : "METER_POLICY"}),
+        "hdr.ipv4.dst_addr"    : (TERNARY,  {SAI_KEY_NAME : "dip"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_policy_meter_class,
+       (NoAction, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True})
+    ],
+    default_action = NoAction,
+    api_name = "dash_meter",
+    is_object = "true"
+)
+
+# MAX_METER_BUCKET = MAX_ENI(64) * NUM_BUCKETS_PER_ENI(4096)
+MAX_METER_BUCKETS = 262144
+
+meter_bucket_inbound  = byte_counter(MAX_METER_BUCKETS)
+meter_bucket_outbound = byte_counter(MAX_METER_BUCKETS)
+
+def meter_bucket_action(outbound_bytes_counter : Annotated[int, 64, {TYPE : "sai_uint64_t", ISREADONLY : "true"}],
+                        inbound_bytes_counter  : Annotated[int, 64, {TYPE : "sai_uint64_t", ISREADONLY : "true"}],
+                        meter_bucket_index     : Annotated[int, 32, {TYPE : "sai_uint32_t", SKIPATTR : "true"}]):
+    # read only counters for SAI api generation only
+    meta.meter_bucket_index = meter_bucket_index
+
+meter_bucket = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.eni_id"      : EXACT,
+        "meta.meter_class" : EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [
+       meter_bucket_action,
+       (NoAction, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True})
+    ],
+    default_action = NoAction,
+    api_name = "dash_meter",
+    is_object = "true"
+)
+
+def set_eni(eni_id: Annotated[int, 16]):
+    meta.eni_id = eni_id
+
+eni_ether_address_map = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.eni_addr" : (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME : "address"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_eni,
+       (deny, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True})
+    ],
+    default_action = deny,
+    api_name="dash_eni"
+)
+
+def set_acl_group_attrs(ip_addr_family: Annotated[int, 32, {TYPE : "sai_ip_addr_family_t", ISRESOURCETYPE : "true"}]):
+    if ip_addr_family == 0:
+        if meta.is_overlay_ip_v6 == 1:
+            meta.dropped = True
+    else:
+        if meta.is_overlay_ip_v6 == 0:
+            meta.dropped = True
+
+dash_acl_group = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.stage1_dash_acl_group_id" : (EXACT, {SAI_KEY_NAME : "dash_acl_group_id"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+       set_acl_group_attrs
+    ],
+    api_name = "dash_acl"
+)
+
+def apply():
+
+    if vip.apply()["hit"]:
+        # Use the same VIP that was in packet's destination if it's
+        # present in the VIP table
+        meta.encap_data.underlay_sip = hdr.ipv4.dst_addr
+
+    # If Outer VNI matches with a reserved VNI, then the direction is Outbound
+    direction_lookup.apply()
+
+    appliance.apply()
+
+    # Outer header processing
+
+    # Put VM's MAC in the direction agnostic metadata field
+    if meta.direction == dash_direction_t.OUTBOUND:
+         meta.eni_addr = hdr.inner_ethernet.src_addr
+    else:
+         meta.eni_addr = hdr.inner_ethernet.dst_addr
+
+    eni_ether_address_map.apply()
+    if meta.direction == dash_direction_t.OUTBOUND:
+        vxlan_decap()
+    elif meta.direction == dash_direction_t.INBOUND:
+        if inbound_routing.apply()["action_run"] == vxlan_decap_pa_validate:
+            pa_validation.apply()
+            vxlan_decap()
+
+    # At this point the processing is done on customer headers
+
+    meta.is_overlay_ip_v6 = 0
+    meta.ip_protocol = 0
+    meta.dst_ip_addr = 0
+    meta.src_ip_addr = 0
+    if hdr.ipv6:
+        meta.ip_protocol = hdr.ipv6.next_header
+        meta.src_ip_addr = hdr.ipv6.src_addr
+        meta.dst_ip_addr = hdr.ipv6.dst_addr
+        meta.is_overlay_ip_v6 = 1
+    elif hdr.ipv4:
+        meta.ip_protocol = hdr.ipv4.protocol
+        meta.src_ip_addr = hdr.ipv4.src_addr
+        meta.dst_ip_addr = hdr.ipv4.dst_addr
+
+    if hdr.tcp:
+        meta.src_l4_port = hdr.tcp.src_port
+        meta.dst_l4_port = hdr.tcp.dst_port
+    elif hdr.udp:
+        meta.src_l4_port = hdr.udp.src_port
+        meta.dst_l4_port = hdr.udp.dst_port
+
+    eni.apply()
+    if meta.eni_data.admin_state == 0:
+        deny()
+    dash_acl_group.apply()
+
+    if meta.direction == dash_direction_t.OUTBOUND:
+        outbound_apply()
+    elif meta.direction == dash_direction_t.INBOUND:
+        inbound_apply()
+
+    # Underlay routing
+    meta.dst_ip_addr = hdr.ipv4.dst_addr
+    underlay_apply()
+
+    if meta.meter_policy_en == 1:
+        meter_policy.apply()
+        meter_rule.apply()
+
+    if meta.meter_policy_en == 1:
+        meta.meter_class = meta.policy_meter_class
+    else:
+        meta.meter_class = meta.route_meter_class
+
+    if (meta.meter_class == 0) or (meta.mapping_meter_class_override == 1):
+        meta.meter_class = meta.mapping_meter_class
+
+
+    meter_bucket.apply()
+    if meta.direction == dash_direction_t.OUTBOUND:
+        meter_bucket_outbound.count(meta.meter_bucket_index)
+    elif meta.direction == dash_direction_t.INBOUND:
+        meter_bucket_inbound.count(meta.meter_bucket_index)
+
+    if meta.dropped:
+        drop_action()
+
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_service_tunnel.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_service_tunnel.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e39b8c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_service_tunnel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from __vars import *
+
+# Encodes V4 in V6
+def service_tunnel_encode(st_dst      : Annotated[int, 128],
+                          st_dst_mask : Annotated[int, 128],
+                          st_src      : Annotated[int, 128],
+                          st_src_mask : Annotated[int, 128]):
+    hdr.ipv6 = ipv6_t()
+    hdr.ipv6.version = 6
+    hdr.ipv6.traffic_class = 0
+    hdr.ipv6.flow_label = 0
+    hdr.ipv6.payload_length = hdr.ipv4.total_len - IPV4_HDR_SIZE
+    hdr.ipv6.next_header = hdr.ipv4.protocol
+    hdr.ipv6.hop_limit = hdr.ipv4.ttl
+    hdr.ipv6.dst_addr = (hdr.ipv4.dst_addr & ~st_dst_mask) | (st_dst & st_dst_mask)
+    hdr.ipv6.src_addr = (hdr.ipv4.src_addr & ~st_src_mask) | (st_src & st_src_mask)
+
+    hdr.ipv4 = None
+    hdr.ethernet.ether_type = IPV6_ETHTYPE
+
+# Decodes V4 from V6
+def service_tunnel_decode(src : Annotated[int, 32],
+                          dst : Annotated[int, 32]):
+    hdr.ipv4 = ipv4_t()
+    hdr.ipv4.version = 4
+    hdr.ipv4.ihl = 5
+    hdr.ipv4.diffserv = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.total_len = hdr.ipv6.payload_length + IPV4_HDR_SIZE
+    hdr.ipv4.identification = 1
+    hdr.ipv4.flags = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.frag_offset = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.protocol = hdr.ipv6.next_header
+    hdr.ipv4.ttl = hdr.ipv6.hop_limit
+    hdr.ipv4.hdr_checksum = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.dst_addr = dst
+    hdr.ipv4.src_addr = src
+
+    hdr.ipv6 = None
+    hdr.ethernet.ether_type = IPV4_ETHTYPE
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_underlay.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_underlay.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9549b9792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_underlay.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from __table import *
+from __sai_keys import *
+
+# The values in this context have been sourced from the 'saiswitch.h' file and 
+# have been manually designated to maintain alignment with enum values specified in the SAI commit <d8d40b4>.
+SAI_PACKET_ACTION_DROP = 0
+SAI_PACKET_ACTION_FORWARD = 1
+
+# Send packet on different/same port it arrived based on routing
+def set_nhop(next_hop_id : Annotated[int, 9]):
+    standard_metadata.egress_spec = next_hop_id
+
+def pkt_act(packet_action: Annotated[int, 9], next_hop_id: Annotated[int, 9]):
+    if packet_action == SAI_PACKET_ACTION_DROP:
+        # Drops the packet
+        meta.dropped = True
+    elif packet_action == SAI_PACKET_ACTION_FORWARD:
+        # Forwards the packet on different/same port it arrived based on routing
+        set_nhop(next_hop_id)
+
+# Send packet on same port it arrived (echo) by default
+def def_act():
+    standard_metadata.egress_spec = standard_metadata.ingress_port
+
+# TODO: To add structural annotations (example: @Sai[skipHeaderGen=true])
+route = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.dst_ip_addr": (LPM, {SAI_KEY_NAME : "destination"})
+    },
+    actions = [
+        pkt_act,
+        (def_act, {DEFAULT_ONLY : True})
+    ],
+    api_name = "route"
+)
+
+def underlay_apply():
+    route.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_vxlan.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_vxlan.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b50a0b94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/dash_vxlan.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from __vars import *
+
+def vxlan_encap(underlay_dmac : Annotated[int, 48],
+                underlay_smac : Annotated[int, 48],
+                underlay_dip  : Annotated[int, 32],
+                underlay_sip  : Annotated[int, 32],
+                overlay_dmac  : Annotated[int, 48],
+                vni           : Annotated[int, 24]):
+    hdr.inner_ethernet = hdr.ethernet
+    hdr.inner_ethernet.dst_addr = overlay_dmac
+    hdr.ethernet = None
+
+    hdr.inner_ipv4 = hdr.ipv4
+    hdr.ipv4 = None
+    hdr.inner_ipv6 = hdr.ipv6
+    hdr.ipv6 = None
+    hdr.inner_tcp = hdr.tcp
+    hdr.tcp = None
+    hdr.inner_udp = hdr.udp
+    hdr.udp = None
+
+    hdr.ethernet = ethernet_t()
+    hdr.ethernet.dst_addr = underlay_dmac
+    hdr.ethernet.src_addr = underlay_smac
+    hdr.ethernet.ether_type = IPV4_ETHTYPE
+
+    hdr.ipv4 = ipv4_t()
+    hdr.ipv4.version = 4
+    hdr.ipv4.ihl = 5
+    hdr.ipv4.diffserv = 0
+
+    hdr.ipv4.total_len = ETHER_HDR_SIZE + IPV4_HDR_SIZE + UDP_HDR_SIZE + VXLAN_HDR_SIZE
+    if hdr.inner_ipv4:
+        hdr.ipv4.total_len += hdr.inner_ipv4.total_len    
+    if hdr.inner_ipv6:
+        hdr.ipv4.total_len += hdr.inner_ipv6.payload_length + IPV6_HDR_SIZE
+
+    hdr.ipv4.identification = 1
+    hdr.ipv4.flags = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.frag_offset = 0
+    hdr.ipv4.ttl = 64
+    hdr.ipv4.protocol = UDP_PROTO
+    hdr.ipv4.dst_addr = underlay_dip
+    hdr.ipv4.src_addr = underlay_sip
+    hdr.ipv4.hdr_checksum = 0
+
+    hdr.udp = udp_t()
+    hdr.udp.src_port = 0
+    hdr.udp.dst_port = UDP_PORT_VXLAN
+    hdr.udp.length = UDP_HDR_SIZE + VXLAN_HDR_SIZE + ETHER_HDR_SIZE
+
+    if hdr.inner_ipv4:
+        hdr.udp.length += hdr.inner_ipv4.total_len
+    if hdr.inner_ipv6:
+        hdr.udp.length += hdr.inner_ipv6.payload_length + IPV6_HDR_SIZE
+
+    hdr.udp.checksum = 0
+
+    hdr.vxlan = vxlan_t()
+    hdr.vxlan.reserved = 0
+    hdr.vxlan.reserved_2 = 0
+    hdr.vxlan.flags = 0
+    hdr.vxlan.vni = vni
+
+def vxlan_decap():
+    hdr.ethernet = hdr.inner_ethernet
+    hdr.inner_ethernet = None
+
+    hdr.ipv4 = hdr.inner_ipv4
+    hdr.inner_ipv4 = None
+
+    hdr.ipv6 = hdr.inner_ipv6
+    hdr.inner_ipv6 = None
+
+    hdr.vxlan = None
+    hdr.udp = None
+
+    hdr.tcp = hdr.inner_tcp
+    hdr.inner_tcp = None
+
+    hdr.udp = hdr.inner_udp
+    hdr.inner_udp = None
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/p4info_gen.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/p4info_gen.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dfe5a6e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/p4info_gen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+from __main import *
+from __id_map import *
+from __sai_keys import *
+import sys
+from __jsonize import *
+
+def _get_sai_key_name(api_hints, k, default):
+    sai_key_name: str
+    try:
+        sai_key_name = api_hints[k][SAI_KEY_NAME]
+    except:
+        sai_key_name = default
+    return sai_key_name
+
+def _read_width(k):
+    tokens = k.split(".")
+    container_type = type(globals()[tokens[0]])
+    var_name = tokens[1]
+    for token in tokens[2:]:
+        container_type = get_annotations(container_type)[var_name]
+        var_name = token
+    return (get_annotations(container_type)[var_name].__metadata__)[0]
+
+def _get_str_annos_for_key(api_hints, k):
+    key_hints = api_hints.get(k, None)
+    if key_hints is None:
+        return None
+    str_annos = {}
+
+    for k in key_hints:
+        if k != SAI_KEY_NAME:
+            str_annos[k] = key_hints[k]
+
+    if len(str_annos) > 0:
+        return str_annos
+    else:
+        return None
+
+def _get_str_annos_for_table(table):
+    str_annos = {}
+    for k in table.api_hints:
+        if (k != API_NAME) and (not isfunction(k)) and (not(k in table.key)):
+            str_annos[k] = table.api_hints[k]
+    if len(str_annos) > 0:
+        return str_annos
+    else:
+        return None
+
+def _make_str_annos_node(str_annos):
+    kvPairs_node = []
+    for s_a in str_annos:
+        s_a_node = {}
+        s_a_node["key"] = s_a
+        s_a_node["value"] = {"stringValue" : str_annos[s_a]}
+        kvPairs_node.append(s_a_node)
+    str_annos_node = [{
+        "name"       : "Sai",
+        "kvPairList" : {"kvPairs" : kvPairs_node}
+    }]
+    return str_annos_node
+
+def make_table_node(table: Table, table_name):
+    table_node = {}
+
+    preamble_node = {}
+    preamble_node["id"] = generate_id(table)
+    preamble_node["name"] = "." + table_name + "|" + table.api_hints.get(API_NAME, "dash_" + table_name)
+    str_annos = _get_str_annos_for_table(table)
+    if str_annos is not None:
+        preamble_node["structuredAnnotations"] = _make_str_annos_node(str_annos)
+    table_node["preamble"] = preamble_node
+
+    matchFields_node = []
+    match_field_id = 1
+    for k in table.key:
+        match_field_node = {}
+        match_field_node["id"] = match_field_id
+        match_field_id += 1
+        match_field_node["name"] = k + ":" + _get_sai_key_name(table.api_hints, k, k.split(".")[-1])
+        match_field_node["bitwidth"] = _read_width(k)
+        match_field_node["matchType"] = table.key[k].__name__
+        mf_str_annos = _get_str_annos_for_key(table.api_hints, k)
+        if mf_str_annos is not None:
+            match_field_node["structuredAnnotations"] = _make_str_annos_node(mf_str_annos)
+        matchFields_node.append(match_field_node)
+    table_node["matchFields"] = matchFields_node
+
+    actionRefs_node = []
+    for action in table.actions:
+        actionRef_node = {}
+        actionRef_node["id"] = generate_id(action)
+        if action in table.api_hints:
+            actionRef_node["annotations"] = ["@defaultonly"]
+            actionRef_node["scope"] = "DEFAULT_ONLY"
+        actionRefs_node.append(actionRef_node)
+    table_node["actionRefs"] = actionRefs_node
+    return table_node
+
+def make_action_node(action, id):
+    action_node = {}
+
+    preamble_node = {}
+    preamble_node["id"] = id
+    preamble_node["name"] = action.__name__
+    action_node["preamble"] = preamble_node
+
+    params_node = []
+    param_id = 1
+    annotations = get_annotations(action)
+    for k in annotations:
+        param_node = {}
+        param_node["id"] = param_id
+        param_id += 1
+        param_node["name"] = k
+        param_node["bitwidth"] = annotations[k].__metadata__[0]
+        if len(annotations[k].__metadata__) > 1:
+            str_annos = annotations[k].__metadata__[1]
+            str_annos_node = _make_str_annos_node(str_annos)
+            param_node["structuredAnnotations"] = str_annos_node
+        params_node.append(param_node)
+    if len(params_node) > 0:
+        action_node["params"] = params_node
+    return action_node
+
+def get_dash_enum_members(e):
+    members = []
+    for i in getmembers(e):
+        if not i[0].startswith('_'):
+            members.append(i)
+    members.sort(key=lambda e : e[1])
+    return members
+
+def make_enum_node(enum):
+    enum_node = {}
+    enum_node["underlyingType"] = {"bitwidth": 16}
+
+    members_node = []
+    members = get_dash_enum_members(enum)
+    for m in members:
+        members_node.append({
+            "name"  : m[0],
+            "value" : m[1]
+        })
+    enum_node["members"] = members_node
+    return enum_node
+
+def get_dash_enum_list():
+    class_list = getmembers(sys.modules[__name__], isclass)
+    dash_enum_list = []
+    for item in class_list:
+        if issubclass(item[1], dash_enum) and item[1] != dash_enum:
+            dash_enum_list.append(item[1])
+    return dash_enum_list
+
+def make_p4info(ignore_tables):
+    p4info = {}
+
+    tables_node = []
+    global_vars = globals()
+    for k in global_vars:
+        if type(global_vars[k]) == Table:
+            table = global_vars[k]
+            table_name = k
+            if not (table in ignore_tables):
+                tables_node.append(make_table_node(table, table_name))
+    p4info["tables"] = tables_node
+
+    actions_node = []
+    for k in id_map:
+        if isfunction(id_map[k]):
+            action = id_map[k]
+            action_id = k
+            actions_node.append(make_action_node(action, action_id))
+    p4info["actions"] = actions_node
+
+    serializableEnums_node = {}
+    dash_enum_list = get_dash_enum_list()
+    for e in dash_enum_list:
+        serializableEnums_node[e.__name__] = make_enum_node(e)
+    p4info["typeInfo"] = {"serializableEnums" : serializableEnums_node}
+
+    directCounters_node = []
+    for table_node in p4info["tables"]:
+        table_id = table_node["preamble"]["id"]
+        if id_map[table_id].per_entry_stats:
+            directCounters_node.append({"directTableId": table_id})
+    p4info["directCounters"] = directCounters_node
+
+    return p4info
+
+
+p4info = make_p4info([flows, appliance])
+
+
+jsonize("my_p4info.json", p4info)
+
+
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/acl_test.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/acl_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5528bb8a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/acl_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def set_acl_outcome(allow: Annotated[int, 1], terminate: Annotated[int, 1]):
+    meta.acl_outcome_allow = allow
+    meta.acl_outcome_terminate = terminate
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+acl = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : EXACT,
+        "meta.src_ip_addr"  : LIST,
+        "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : LIST,
+        "meta.src_l4_port"  : RANGE_LIST,
+        "meta.dst_l4_port"  : RANGE_LIST,
+        "meta.ip_protocol"  : LIST
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action=default_action
+)
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x14000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x1E000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A00000A,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A00000B,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A00000C,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A00000D,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A00000E,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x1E000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x06,
+            "mask"  : 0xFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 0,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [1, 0]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x14000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x1E000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A0000C8,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x06,
+            "mask"  : 0xFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 1,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [1, 0]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x14000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x1E000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A0000C9,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x06,
+            "mask"  : 0xFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 2,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [0, 1]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x14000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x1E000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A0000CA,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x06,
+            "mask"  : 0xFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 3,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [1, 1]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x14000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        },
+        {
+            "value" : 0x1E000000,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFF00
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x0A0000CB,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x06,
+            "mask"  : 0xFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 4,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [1, 0]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x08080808,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 5,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [0, 1]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x08080808,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 6,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [1, 1]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0x09090909,
+            "mask"  : 0xFFFFFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 7,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [1, 1]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 8,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [0, 0]
+})
+
+
+
+meta.dash_acl_group_id = 1
+meta.src_ip_addr = 0x0A000064
+meta.dst_ip_addr = 0x01010102
+meta.src_l4_port = 56
+meta.dst_l4_port = 99
+meta.ip_protocol = 0x06
+
+
+
+acl.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/exact_test.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/exact_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f4381bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/exact_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+def action0():
+    print("action0 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  :  0b01111111,
+    "action"            :  action0,
+    "params"            :  []
+})
+
+def action1():
+    print("action1 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  :  0b10111111,
+    "action"            :  action1,
+    "params"            :  []
+})
+
+def action2():
+    print("action2 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  :  0b11011111,
+    "action"            :  action2,
+    "params"            :  []
+})
+
+def action3():
+    print("action3 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  :  0b11101111,
+    "action"            :  action3,
+    "params"            :  []
+})
+
+def action4():
+    print("action4 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  :  0b11110111,
+    "action"            :  action4,
+    "params"            :  []
+})
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 0b11110111
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/lpm_multiple_entry.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/lpm_multiple_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76634d949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/lpm_multiple_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : LPM,
+        "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+def action0():
+    print("action0 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : {
+        "value"      : 0b11010101,
+        "prefix_len" : 8
+    },
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl" : 246,
+    "action"   : action0,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action1():
+    print("action1 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : {
+        "value"      : 0b01010101,
+        "prefix_len" : 4
+    },
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl" : 246,
+    "action"   : action1,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action2():
+    print("action2 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : {
+        "value"      : 0b01010101,
+        "prefix_len" : 5
+    },
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl" : 246,
+    "action"   : action2,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action3():
+    print("action3 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : {
+        "value"      : 0b01010101,
+        "prefix_len" : 8
+    },
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl" : 230,
+    "action"   : action3,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action4():
+    print("action4 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : {
+        "value"      : 0b01010101,
+        "prefix_len" : 1
+    },
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl" : 246,
+    "action"   : action4,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 0b01010101
+hdr.ipv4.ihl = 246
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/lpm_single_entry.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/lpm_single_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31ab2341d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/lpm_single_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : LPM,
+        "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : EXACT
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+
+def action0(a, b):
+    print("action0 executed! parameters are:")
+    print(a)
+    print(b)
+
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : {
+        "value"      : 0b10101010,
+        "prefix_len" : 4
+    },
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl" : 12,
+    "action"   : action0,
+    "params"   : [44, 55]
+})
+
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 0b10101010
+hdr.ipv4.ihl = 12
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/parser_test.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/parser_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15de56de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/parser_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from dash_headers import *
+from dash_parser import *
+from scapy.all import *
+
+
+pkt=Ether(dst="ab:cd:ef:12:34:56", src="12:12:12:12:12:12")
+/IP(src="127.0.0.1", dst="192.168.1.1")
+/UDP(sport=80, dport=53)
+/Raw(load=('32ff00'))
+
+
+
+packet = packet_in(bytes(pkt))
+headers = headers_t()
+
+
+
+print(dash_parser(packet, headers))
+
+
+
+"""
+packets = [
+        # HTTP Packet
+        Ether(src="ab:ab:ab:ab:ab:ab", dst="12:12:12:12:12:12")
+        / IP(src="127.0.0.1", dst="192.168.1.1")
+        / TCP(sport=12345, dport=80)
+        / HTTP()
+        / HTTPRequest(Method="GET", Path="/foo", Host="https://google.com"),
+        # DNS Packet
+        Ether(src="ab:ab:ab:ab:ab:ab", dst="12:12:12:12:12:12")
+        / IP(src="127.0.0.1", dst="192.168.1.1")
+        / UDP(sport=80, dport=53)
+        / DNS(rd=1, qd=DNSQR(qtype="A", qname="google.com"), an=DNSRR(rdata="123.0.0.1")),
+        # TCP Packet
+        Ether(src="ab:ab:ab:ab:ab:ab", dst="12:12:12:12:12:12")
+        / IP(src="127.0.0.1", dst="192.168.1.1")
+        / TCP(sport=80, dport=5355),
+    ]
+"""
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/range_list_single_entry.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/range_list_single_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b514bcb90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/range_list_single_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : EXACT,
+        "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : RANGE_LIST
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+
+def action0(a, b):
+    print("action0 executed! parameters are:")
+    print(a)
+    print(b)
+
+
+# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
+#     ---   -----     -----------
+
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : [
+        {
+            "first" : 5,
+            "last"  : 7
+        },
+        {
+            "first" : 2,
+            "last"  : 3
+        },
+        {
+            "first" : 10,
+            "last"  : 13
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 4,
+    "action"   : action0,
+    "params"   : [44, 55]
+})
+
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 246
+hdr.ipv4 = ipv4_t()
+hdr.ipv4.ihl = 11
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/range_single_entry.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/range_single_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b2cfb823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/range_single_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : EXACT,
+        "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : RANGE
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+
+def action0(a, b):
+    print("action0 executed! parameters are:")
+    print(a)
+    print(b)
+
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : {
+        "first" : 3,
+        "last"  : 8
+    },
+    "priority" : 4,
+    "action"   : action0,
+    "params"   : [44, 55]
+})
+
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 246
+hdr.ipv4 = ipv4_t()
+hdr.ipv4.ihl = 5
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_list_single_entry.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_list_single_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b52e8026c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_list_single_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : EXACT,
+        "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : LIST
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+
+def action0(a, b):
+    print("action0 executed! parameters are:")
+    print(a)
+    print(b)
+
+
+# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
+#                 ---------       -----
+#                           -----------
+# 11XX  12-15
+# 10XX   8-11
+# 111X  14-15
+
+
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : [
+        {
+            "value": 0b1100,
+            "mask" : 0b1100
+        },
+        {
+            "value": 0b1000,
+            "mask" : 0b1100
+        },
+        {
+            "value": 0b1110,
+            "mask" : 0b1110
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 4,
+    "action"   : action0,
+    "params"   : [44, 55]
+})
+
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 246
+hdr.ipv4 = ipv4_t()
+hdr.ipv4.ihl = 15
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_multiple_entry.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_multiple_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a10bc84a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_multiple_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : EXACT,
+        "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : TERNARY
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+def action0():
+    print("action0 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : {
+        "value": 0b1101,
+        "mask" : 0b1111
+    },
+    "priority" : 4,
+    "action"   : action0,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action1():
+    print("action1 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : {
+        "value": 0b0101,
+        "mask" : 0b1111
+    },
+    "priority" : 4,
+    "action"   : action1,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action2():
+    print("action2 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : {
+        "value": 0b0101,
+        "mask" : 0b1111
+    },
+    "priority" : 0,
+    "action"   : action2,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action3():
+    print("action3 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 230,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : {
+        "value": 0b0101,
+        "mask" : 0b1111
+    },
+    "priority" : 0,
+    "action"   : action3,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+def action4():
+    print("action4 executed!")
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : {
+        "value": 0b0101,
+        "mask" : 0b1111
+    },
+    "priority" : 5,
+    "action"   : action4,
+    "params"   : []
+})
+
+
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 246
+hdr.ipv4.ihl = 0b0101
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_single_entry.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_single_entry.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a85f13d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests/ternary_single_entry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from __table import *
+
+def default_action():
+    print("default_action executed!")
+
+outbound_routing = Table(
+    key = {
+        "meta.ip_protocol" : EXACT,
+        "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : TERNARY
+    },
+    actions = [],
+    default_action = default_action
+)
+
+
+def action0(a, b):
+    print("action0 executed! parameters are:")
+    print(a)
+    print(b)
+
+outbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.ip_protocol" : 246,
+    "hdr.ipv4.ihl"     : {
+        "value": 0b0101,
+        "mask" : 0b1111
+    },
+    "priority" : 4,
+    "action"   : action0,
+    "params"   : [44, 55]
+})
+
+
+meta.ip_protocol = 246
+hdr.ipv4.ihl = 0b0101
+
+outbound_routing.apply()
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/allocators.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/allocators.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..275417bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/allocators.h
@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <limits>
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Allocator
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Allocator
+    \brief Concept for allocating, resizing and freeing memory block.
+    
+    Note that Malloc() and Realloc() are non-static but Free() is static.
+    
+    So if an allocator need to support Free(), it needs to put its pointer in 
+    the header of memory block.
+
+\code
+concept Allocator {
+    static const bool kNeedFree;    //!< Whether this allocator needs to call Free().
+
+    // Allocate a memory block.
+    // \param size of the memory block in bytes.
+    // \returns pointer to the memory block.
+    void* Malloc(size_t size);
+
+    // Resize a memory block.
+    // \param originalPtr The pointer to current memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    // \param originalSize The current size in bytes. (Design issue: since some allocator may not book-keep this, explicitly pass to it can save memory.)
+    // \param newSize the new size in bytes.
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize);
+
+    // Free a memory block.
+    // \param pointer to the memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    static void Free(void *ptr);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kDefaultChunkCapacity definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c size that is a power of 2.
+*/
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY (64 * 1024)
+#endif
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CrtAllocator
+
+//! C-runtime library allocator.
+/*! This class is just wrapper for standard C library memory routines.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+class CrtAllocator {
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = true;
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) { 
+        if (size) //  behavior of malloc(0) is implementation defined.
+            return RAPIDJSON_MALLOC(size);
+        else
+            return NULL; // standardize to returning NULL.
+    }
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        (void)originalSize;
+        if (newSize == 0) {
+            RAPIDJSON_FREE(originalPtr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return RAPIDJSON_REALLOC(originalPtr, newSize);
+    }
+    static void Free(void *ptr) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { RAPIDJSON_FREE(ptr); }
+
+    bool operator==(const CrtAllocator&) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return true;
+    }
+    bool operator!=(const CrtAllocator&) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// MemoryPoolAllocator
+
+//! Default memory allocator used by the parser and DOM.
+/*! This allocator allocate memory blocks from pre-allocated memory chunks. 
+
+    It does not free memory blocks. And Realloc() only allocate new memory.
+
+    The memory chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator, which is CrtAllocator by default.
+
+    User may also supply a buffer as the first chunk.
+
+    If the user-buffer is full then additional chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator.
+
+    The user-buffer is not deallocated by this allocator.
+
+    \tparam BaseAllocator the allocator type for allocating memory chunks. Default is CrtAllocator.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+template <typename BaseAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class MemoryPoolAllocator {
+    //! Chunk header for perpending to each chunk.
+    /*! Chunks are stored as a singly linked list.
+    */
+    struct ChunkHeader {
+        size_t capacity;    //!< Capacity of the chunk in bytes (excluding the header itself).
+        size_t size;        //!< Current size of allocated memory in bytes.
+        ChunkHeader *next;  //!< Next chunk in the linked list.
+    };
+
+    struct SharedData {
+        ChunkHeader *chunkHead;  //!< Head of the chunk linked-list. Only the head chunk serves allocation.
+        BaseAllocator* ownBaseAllocator; //!< base allocator created by this object.
+        size_t refcount;
+        bool ownBuffer;
+    };
+
+    static const size_t SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SharedData));
+    static const size_t SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader));
+
+    static inline ChunkHeader *GetChunkHead(SharedData *shared)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChunkHeader*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(shared) + SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA);
+    }
+    static inline uint8_t *GetChunkBuffer(SharedData *shared)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(shared->chunkHead) + SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER;
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultChunkCapacity = RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY; //!< Default chunk capacity.
+
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = false;    //!< Tell users that no need to call Free() with this allocator. (concept Allocator)
+    static const bool kRefCounted = true;   //!< Tell users that this allocator is reference counted on copy
+
+    //! Constructor with chunkSize.
+    /*! \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    explicit
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) : 
+        chunk_capacity_(chunkSize),
+        baseAllocator_(baseAllocator ? baseAllocator : RAPIDJSON_NEW(BaseAllocator)()),
+        shared_(static_cast<SharedData*>(baseAllocator_ ? baseAllocator_->Malloc(SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA + SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER) : 0))
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(baseAllocator_ != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(shared_ != 0);
+        if (baseAllocator) {
+            shared_->ownBaseAllocator = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            shared_->ownBaseAllocator = baseAllocator_;
+        }
+        shared_->chunkHead = GetChunkHead(shared_);
+        shared_->chunkHead->capacity = 0;
+        shared_->chunkHead->size = 0;
+        shared_->chunkHead->next = 0;
+        shared_->ownBuffer = true;
+        shared_->refcount = 1;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with user-supplied buffer.
+    /*! The user buffer will be used firstly. When it is full, memory pool allocates new chunk with chunk size.
+
+        The user buffer will not be deallocated when this allocator is destructed.
+
+        \param buffer User supplied buffer.
+        \param size Size of the buffer in bytes. It must at least larger than sizeof(ChunkHeader).
+        \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) :
+        chunk_capacity_(chunkSize),
+        baseAllocator_(baseAllocator),
+        shared_(static_cast<SharedData*>(AlignBuffer(buffer, size)))
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(size >= SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA + SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER);
+        shared_->chunkHead = GetChunkHead(shared_);
+        shared_->chunkHead->capacity = size - SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA - SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER;
+        shared_->chunkHead->size = 0;
+        shared_->chunkHead->next = 0;
+        shared_->ownBaseAllocator = 0;
+        shared_->ownBuffer = false;
+        shared_->refcount = 1;
+    }
+
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        chunk_capacity_(rhs.chunk_capacity_),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_),
+        shared_(rhs.shared_)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        ++shared_->refcount;
+    }
+    MemoryPoolAllocator& operator=(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        ++rhs.shared_->refcount;
+        this->~MemoryPoolAllocator();
+        baseAllocator_ = rhs.baseAllocator_;
+        chunk_capacity_ = rhs.chunk_capacity_;
+        shared_ = rhs.shared_;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(MemoryPoolAllocator&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        chunk_capacity_(rhs.chunk_capacity_),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_),
+        shared_(rhs.shared_)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        rhs.shared_ = 0;
+    }
+    MemoryPoolAllocator& operator=(MemoryPoolAllocator&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        this->~MemoryPoolAllocator();
+        baseAllocator_ = rhs.baseAllocator_;
+        chunk_capacity_ = rhs.chunk_capacity_;
+        shared_ = rhs.shared_;
+        rhs.shared_ = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! This deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the user-supplied buffer.
+    */
+    ~MemoryPoolAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        if (!shared_) {
+            // do nothing if moved
+            return;
+        }
+        if (shared_->refcount > 1) {
+            --shared_->refcount;
+            return;
+        }
+        Clear();
+        BaseAllocator *a = shared_->ownBaseAllocator;
+        if (shared_->ownBuffer) {
+            baseAllocator_->Free(shared_);
+        }
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(a);
+    }
+
+    //! Deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the first/user one.
+    void Clear() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        for (;;) {
+            ChunkHeader* c = shared_->chunkHead;
+            if (!c->next) {
+                break;
+            }
+            shared_->chunkHead = c->next;
+            baseAllocator_->Free(c);
+        }
+        shared_->chunkHead->size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the total capacity of allocated memory chunks.
+    /*! \return total capacity in bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Capacity() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        size_t capacity = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = shared_->chunkHead; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            capacity += c->capacity;
+        return capacity;
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the memory blocks allocated.
+    /*! \return total used bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Size() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        size_t size = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = shared_->chunkHead; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            size += c->size;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    //! Whether the allocator is shared.
+    /*! \return true or false.
+    */
+    bool Shared() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        return shared_->refcount > 1;
+    }
+
+    //! Allocates a memory block. (concept Allocator)
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        if (!size)
+            return NULL;
+
+        size = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(size);
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(shared_->chunkHead->size + size > shared_->chunkHead->capacity))
+            if (!AddChunk(chunk_capacity_ > size ? chunk_capacity_ : size))
+                return NULL;
+
+        void *buffer = GetChunkBuffer(shared_) + shared_->chunkHead->size;
+        shared_->chunkHead->size += size;
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    //! Resizes a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        if (originalPtr == 0)
+            return Malloc(newSize);
+
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        if (newSize == 0)
+            return NULL;
+
+        originalSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(originalSize);
+        newSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(newSize);
+
+        // Do not shrink if new size is smaller than original
+        if (originalSize >= newSize)
+            return originalPtr;
+
+        // Simply expand it if it is the last allocation and there is sufficient space
+        if (originalPtr == GetChunkBuffer(shared_) + shared_->chunkHead->size - originalSize) {
+            size_t increment = static_cast<size_t>(newSize - originalSize);
+            if (shared_->chunkHead->size + increment <= shared_->chunkHead->capacity) {
+                shared_->chunkHead->size += increment;
+                return originalPtr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Realloc process: allocate and copy memory, do not free original buffer.
+        if (void* newBuffer = Malloc(newSize)) {
+            if (originalSize)
+                std::memcpy(newBuffer, originalPtr, originalSize);
+            return newBuffer;
+        }
+        else
+            return NULL;
+    }
+
+    //! Frees a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    static void Free(void *ptr) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { (void)ptr; } // Do nothing
+
+    //! Compare (equality) with another MemoryPoolAllocator
+    bool operator==(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        return shared_ == rhs.shared_;
+    }
+    //! Compare (inequality) with another MemoryPoolAllocator
+    bool operator!=(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return !operator==(rhs);
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Creates a new chunk.
+    /*! \param capacity Capacity of the chunk in bytes.
+        \return true if success.
+    */
+    bool AddChunk(size_t capacity) {
+        if (!baseAllocator_)
+            shared_->ownBaseAllocator = baseAllocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(BaseAllocator)();
+        if (ChunkHeader* chunk = static_cast<ChunkHeader*>(baseAllocator_->Malloc(SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER + capacity))) {
+            chunk->capacity = capacity;
+            chunk->size = 0;
+            chunk->next = shared_->chunkHead;
+            shared_->chunkHead = chunk;
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    static inline void* AlignBuffer(void* buf, size_t &size)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(buf != 0);
+        const uintptr_t mask = sizeof(void*) - 1;
+        const uintptr_t ubuf = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buf);
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(ubuf & mask)) {
+            const uintptr_t abuf = (ubuf + mask) & ~mask;
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(size >= abuf - ubuf);
+            buf = reinterpret_cast<void*>(abuf);
+            size -= abuf - ubuf;
+        }
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    size_t chunk_capacity_;     //!< The minimum capacity of chunk when they are allocated.
+    BaseAllocator* baseAllocator_;  //!< base allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    SharedData *shared_;        //!< The shared data of the allocator
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+    template<typename, typename = void>
+    struct IsRefCounted :
+        public FalseType
+    { };
+    template<typename T>
+    struct IsRefCounted<T, typename internal::EnableIfCond<T::kRefCounted>::Type> :
+        public TrueType
+    { };
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename A>
+inline T* Realloc(A& a, T* old_p, size_t old_n, size_t new_n)
+{
+    RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(old_n <= (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)() / sizeof(T) && new_n <= (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)() / sizeof(T));
+    return static_cast<T*>(a.Realloc(old_p, old_n * sizeof(T), new_n * sizeof(T)));
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename A>
+inline T *Malloc(A& a, size_t n = 1)
+{
+    return Realloc<T, A>(a, NULL, 0, n);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename A>
+inline void Free(A& a, T *p, size_t n = 1)
+{
+    static_cast<void>(Realloc<T, A>(a, p, n, 0));
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++) // std::allocator can safely be inherited
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename BaseAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class StdAllocator :
+    public std::allocator<T>
+{
+    typedef std::allocator<T> allocator_type;
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+    typedef std::allocator_traits<allocator_type> traits_type;
+#else
+    typedef allocator_type traits_type;
+#endif
+
+public:
+    typedef BaseAllocator BaseAllocatorType;
+
+    StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_()
+    { }
+
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    StdAllocator(StdAllocator&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(std::move(rhs)),
+        baseAllocator_(std::move(rhs.baseAllocator_))
+    { }
+#endif
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+    using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = std::true_type;
+    using propagate_on_container_swap = std::true_type;
+#endif
+
+    /* implicit */
+    StdAllocator(const BaseAllocator& baseAllocator) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_(baseAllocator)
+    { }
+
+    ~StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    struct rebind {
+        typedef StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator> other;
+    };
+
+    typedef typename traits_type::size_type         size_type;
+    typedef typename traits_type::difference_type   difference_type;
+
+    typedef typename traits_type::value_type        value_type;
+    typedef typename traits_type::pointer           pointer;
+    typedef typename traits_type::const_pointer     const_pointer;
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+
+    typedef typename std::add_lvalue_reference<value_type>::type &reference;
+    typedef typename std::add_lvalue_reference<typename std::add_const<value_type>::type>::type &const_reference;
+
+    pointer address(reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return std::addressof(r);
+    }
+    const_pointer address(const_reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return std::addressof(r);
+    }
+
+    size_type max_size() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return traits_type::max_size(*this);
+    }
+
+    template <typename ...Args>
+    void construct(pointer p, Args&&... args)
+    {
+        traits_type::construct(*this, p, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+    void destroy(pointer p)
+    {
+        traits_type::destroy(*this, p);
+    }
+
+#else // !RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+
+    typedef typename allocator_type::reference       reference;
+    typedef typename allocator_type::const_reference const_reference;
+
+    pointer address(reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return allocator_type::address(r);
+    }
+    const_pointer address(const_reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return allocator_type::address(r);
+    }
+
+    size_type max_size() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return allocator_type::max_size();
+    }
+
+    void construct(pointer p, const_reference r)
+    {
+        allocator_type::construct(p, r);
+    }
+    void destroy(pointer p)
+    {
+        allocator_type::destroy(p);
+    }
+
+#endif // !RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+
+    template <typename U>
+    U* allocate(size_type n = 1, const void* = 0)
+    {
+        return RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::Malloc<U>(baseAllocator_, n);
+    }
+    template <typename U>
+    void deallocate(U* p, size_type n = 1)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::Free<U>(baseAllocator_, p, n);
+    }
+
+    pointer allocate(size_type n = 1, const void* = 0)
+    {
+        return allocate<value_type>(n);
+    }
+    void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n = 1)
+    {
+        deallocate<value_type>(p, n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+    using is_always_equal = std::is_empty<BaseAllocator>;
+#endif
+
+    template<typename U>
+    bool operator==(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return baseAllocator_ == rhs.baseAllocator_;
+    }
+    template<typename U>
+    bool operator!=(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return !operator==(rhs);
+    }
+
+    //! rapidjson Allocator concept
+    static const bool kNeedFree = BaseAllocator::kNeedFree;
+    static const bool kRefCounted = internal::IsRefCounted<BaseAllocator>::Value;
+    void* Malloc(size_t size)
+    {
+        return baseAllocator_.Malloc(size);
+    }
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize)
+    {
+        return baseAllocator_.Realloc(originalPtr, originalSize, newSize);
+    }
+    static void Free(void *ptr) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        BaseAllocator::Free(ptr);
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class StdAllocator; // access to StdAllocator<!T>.*
+
+    BaseAllocator baseAllocator_;
+};
+
+#if !RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX17 // std::allocator<void> deprecated in C++17
+template <typename BaseAllocator>
+class StdAllocator<void, BaseAllocator> :
+    public std::allocator<void>
+{
+    typedef std::allocator<void> allocator_type;
+
+public:
+    typedef BaseAllocator BaseAllocatorType;
+
+    StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_()
+    { }
+
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+    /* implicit */
+    StdAllocator(const BaseAllocator& baseAllocator) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_(baseAllocator)
+    { }
+
+    ~StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    struct rebind {
+        typedef StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator> other;
+    };
+
+    typedef typename allocator_type::value_type value_type;
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class StdAllocator; // access to StdAllocator<!T>.*
+
+    BaseAllocator baseAllocator_;
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/cursorstreamwrapper.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/cursorstreamwrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd6513db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/cursorstreamwrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_CURSORSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_CURSORSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512)  // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+
+//! Cursor stream wrapper for counting line and column number if error exists.
+/*!
+    \tparam InputStream     Any stream that implements Stream Concept
+*/
+template <typename InputStream, typename Encoding = UTF8<> >
+class CursorStreamWrapper : public GenericStreamWrapper<InputStream, Encoding> {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    CursorStreamWrapper(InputStream& is):
+        GenericStreamWrapper<InputStream, Encoding>(is), line_(1), col_(0) {}
+
+    // counting line and column number
+    Ch Take() {
+        Ch ch = this->is_.Take();
+        if(ch == '\n') {
+            line_ ++;
+            col_ = 0;
+        } else {
+            col_ ++;
+        }
+        return ch;
+    }
+
+    //! Get the error line number, if error exists.
+    size_t GetLine() const { return line_; }
+    //! Get the error column number, if error exists.
+    size_t GetColumn() const { return col_; }
+
+private:
+    size_t line_;   //!< Current Line
+    size_t col_;    //!< Current Column
+};
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_CURSORSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/document.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/document.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cd9a70a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/document.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3043 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+
+/*! \file document.h */
+
+#include "reader.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+#include "encodedstream.h"
+#include <new>      // placement new
+#include <limits>
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+#include <compare>
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from kXxxFlags to 'uint16_t', possible loss of data
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif // __GNUC__
+
+#ifdef GetObject
+// see https://github.com/Tencent/rapidjson/issues/1448
+// a former included windows.h might have defined a macro called GetObject, which affects
+// GetObject defined here. This ensures the macro does not get applied
+#pragma push_macro("GetObject")
+#define RAPIDJSON_WINDOWS_GETOBJECT_WORKAROUND_APPLIED
+#undef GetObject
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+#include <iterator> // std::random_access_iterator_tag
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+#include <map> // std::multimap
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericValue;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericDocument;
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Allows to choose default allocator.
+
+    User can define this to use CrtAllocator or MemoryPoolAllocator.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR
+#define RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::MemoryPoolAllocator<::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::CrtAllocator>
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Allows to choose default stack allocator for Document.
+
+    User can define this to use CrtAllocator or MemoryPoolAllocator.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR
+#define RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::CrtAllocator
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User defined kDefaultObjectCapacity value.
+
+    User can define this as any natural number.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY
+// number of objects that rapidjson::Value allocates memory for by default
+#define RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY 16
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User defined kDefaultArrayCapacity value.
+
+    User can define this as any natural number.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY
+// number of array elements that rapidjson::Value allocates memory for by default
+#define RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY 16
+#endif
+
+//! Name-value pair in a JSON object value.
+/*!
+    This class was internal to GenericValue. It used to be a inner struct.
+    But a compiler (IBM XL C/C++ for AIX) have reported to have problem with that so it moved as a namespace scope struct.
+    https://code.google.com/p/rapidjson/issues/detail?id=64
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+class GenericMember {
+public:
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> name;     //!< name of member (must be a string)
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> value;    //!< value of member.
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericMember(GenericMember&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : name(std::move(rhs.name)),
+          value(std::move(rhs.value))
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericMember& operator=(GenericMember&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return *this = static_cast<GenericMember&>(rhs);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Assignment with move semantics.
+    /*! \param rhs Source of the assignment. Its name and value will become a null value after assignment.
+    */
+    GenericMember& operator=(GenericMember& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(this != &rhs)) {
+            name = rhs.name;
+            value = rhs.value;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // swap() for std::sort() and other potential use in STL.
+    friend inline void swap(GenericMember& a, GenericMember& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        a.name.Swap(b.name);
+        a.value.Swap(b.value);
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    GenericMember(const GenericMember& rhs);
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericMemberIterator
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+//! (Constant) member iterator for a JSON object value
+/*!
+    \tparam Const Is this a constant iterator?
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+
+    This class implements a Random Access Iterator for GenericMember elements
+    of a GenericValue, see ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) C++ standard, 24.1 [lib.iterator.requirements].
+
+    \note This iterator implementation is mainly intended to avoid implicit
+        conversions from iterator values to \c NULL,
+        e.g. from GenericValue::FindMember.
+
+    \note Define \c RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS to fall back to a
+        pointer-based implementation, if your platform doesn't provide
+        the C++ <iterator> header.
+
+    \see GenericMember, GenericValue::MemberIterator, GenericValue::ConstMemberIterator
+ */
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator {
+
+    friend class GenericValue<Encoding,Allocator>;
+    template <bool, typename, typename> friend class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator> PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+
+public:
+    //! Iterator type itself
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator Iterator;
+    //! Constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>  ConstIterator;
+    //! Non-constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> NonConstIterator;
+
+    /** \name std::iterator_traits support */
+    //@{
+    typedef ValueType      value_type;
+    typedef ValueType *    pointer;
+    typedef ValueType &    reference;
+    typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+    typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+    //@}
+
+    //! Pointer to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef pointer         Pointer;
+    //! Reference to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef reference       Reference;
+    //! Signed integer type (e.g. \c ptrdiff_t)
+    typedef difference_type DifferenceType;
+
+    //! Default constructor (singular value)
+    /*! Creates an iterator pointing to no element.
+        \note All operations, except for comparisons, are undefined on such values.
+     */
+    GenericMemberIterator() : ptr_() {}
+
+    //! Iterator conversions to more const
+    /*!
+        \param it (Non-const) iterator to copy from
+
+        Allows the creation of an iterator from another GenericMemberIterator
+        that is "less const".  Especially, creating a non-constant iterator
+        from a constant iterator are disabled:
+        \li const -> non-const (not ok)
+        \li const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> non-const (ok)
+
+        \note If the \c Const template parameter is already \c false, this
+            constructor effectively defines a regular copy-constructor.
+            Otherwise, the copy constructor is implicitly defined.
+    */
+    GenericMemberIterator(const NonConstIterator & it) : ptr_(it.ptr_) {}
+    Iterator& operator=(const NonConstIterator & it) { ptr_ = it.ptr_; return *this; }
+
+    //! @name stepping
+    //@{
+    Iterator& operator++(){ ++ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator--(){ --ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator  operator++(int){ Iterator old(*this); ++ptr_; return old; }
+    Iterator  operator--(int){ Iterator old(*this); --ptr_; return old; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name increment/decrement
+    //@{
+    Iterator operator+(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_+n); }
+    Iterator operator-(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_-n); }
+
+    Iterator& operator+=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_+=n; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator-=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_-=n; return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name relations
+    //@{
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator==(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ == that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator!=(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ != that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator<=(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ <= that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator>=(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ >= that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator< (const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ < that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator> (const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ > that.ptr_; }
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+    template <bool Const_> std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ <=> that.ptr_; }
+#endif
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name dereference
+    //@{
+    Reference operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+    Pointer   operator->() const { return ptr_; }
+    Reference operator[](DifferenceType n) const { return ptr_[n]; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! Distance
+    DifferenceType operator-(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_-that.ptr_; }
+
+private:
+    //! Internal constructor from plain pointer
+    explicit GenericMemberIterator(Pointer p) : ptr_(p) {}
+
+    Pointer ptr_; //!< raw pointer
+};
+
+#else // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+// class-based member iterator implementation disabled, use plain pointers
+
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+//! non-const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> {
+public:
+    //! use plain pointer as iterator type
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+//! const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator> {
+public:
+    //! use plain const pointer as iterator type
+    typedef const GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericStringRef
+
+//! Reference to a constant string (not taking a copy)
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+
+    This helper class is used to automatically infer constant string
+    references for string literals, especially from \c const \b (!)
+    character arrays.
+
+    The main use is for creating JSON string values without copying the
+    source string via an \ref Allocator.  This requires that the referenced
+    string pointers have a sufficient lifetime, which exceeds the lifetime
+    of the associated GenericValue.
+
+    \b Example
+    \code
+    Value v("foo");   // ok, no need to copy & calculate length
+    const char foo[] = "foo";
+    v.SetString(foo); // ok
+
+    const char* bar = foo;
+    // Value x(bar); // not ok, can't rely on bar's lifetime
+    Value x(StringRef(bar)); // lifetime explicitly guaranteed by user
+    Value y(StringRef(bar, 3));  // ok, explicitly pass length
+    \endcode
+
+    \see StringRef, GenericValue::SetString
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct GenericStringRef {
+    typedef CharType Ch; //!< character type of the string
+
+    //! Create string reference from \c const character array
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor implicitly creates a constant string reference from
+        a \c const character array.  It has better performance than
+        \ref StringRef(const CharType*) by inferring the string \ref length
+        from the array length, and also supports strings containing null
+        characters.
+
+        \tparam N length of the string, automatically inferred
+
+        \param str Constant character array, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType (&str)[N]) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : s(str), length(N-1) {}
+
+    //! Explicitly create string reference from \c const character pointer
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor can be used to \b explicitly  create a reference to
+        a constant string pointer.
+
+        \see StringRef(const CharType*)
+
+        \param str Constant character pointer, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    explicit GenericStringRef(const CharType* str)
+        : s(str), length(NotNullStrLen(str)) {}
+
+    //! Create constant string reference from pointer and length
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \param str constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+        \param len length of the string, excluding the trailing NULL terminator
+
+        \post \ref s == str && \ref length == len
+        \note Constant complexity.
+     */
+#endif
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType* str, SizeType len)
+        : s(RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(str) ? str : emptyString), length(len) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0 || len == 0u); }
+
+    GenericStringRef(const GenericStringRef& rhs) : s(rhs.s), length(rhs.length) {}
+
+    //! implicit conversion to plain CharType pointer
+    operator const Ch *() const { return s; }
+
+    const Ch* const s; //!< plain CharType pointer
+    const SizeType length; //!< length of the string (excluding the trailing NULL terminator)
+
+private:
+    SizeType NotNullStrLen(const CharType* str) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0);
+        return internal::StrLen(str);
+    }
+
+    /// Empty string - used when passing in a NULL pointer
+    static const Ch emptyString[];
+
+    //! Disallow construction from non-const array
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(CharType (&str)[N]) /* = delete */;
+    //! Copy assignment operator not permitted - immutable type
+    GenericStringRef& operator=(const GenericStringRef& rhs) /* = delete */;
+};
+
+template<typename CharType>
+const CharType GenericStringRef<CharType>::emptyString[] = { CharType() };
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+    \tparam CharType Character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+
+    \see GenericValue::GenericValue(StringRefType), GenericValue::operator=(StringRefType), GenericValue::SetString(StringRefType), GenericValue::PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&), GenericValue::AddMember
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str);
+}
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    This version has better performance with supplied length, and also
+    supports string containing null characters.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \param length The length of source string.
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str, size_t length) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str, SizeType(length));
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+//! Mark a string object as constant string
+/*! Mark a string object (e.g. \c std::string) as a "string literal".
+    This function can be used to avoid copying a string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+    \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const std::basic_string<CharType>& str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+}
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue type traits
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename T, typename Encoding = void, typename Allocator = void>
+struct IsGenericValueImpl : FalseType {};
+
+// select candidates according to nested encoding and allocator types
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValueImpl<T, typename Void<typename T::EncodingType>::Type, typename Void<typename T::AllocatorType>::Type>
+    : IsBaseOf<GenericValue<typename T::EncodingType, typename T::AllocatorType>, T>::Type {};
+
+// helper to match arbitrary GenericValue instantiations, including derived classes
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValue : IsGenericValueImpl<T>::Type {};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypeHelper
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename T>
+struct TypeHelper {};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, bool> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsBool(); }
+    static bool Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetBool(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt(); }
+    static int Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, unsigned> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint(); }
+    static unsigned Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+};
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(long) == sizeof(int));
+template<typename ValueType>
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, long> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt(); }
+    static long Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, long data) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, long data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned));
+template<typename ValueType>
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, unsigned long> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint(); }
+    static unsigned long Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned long data) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned long data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+};
+#endif
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt64(); }
+    static int64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, uint64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint64(); }
+    static uint64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, double> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsDouble(); }
+    static double Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetDouble(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, float> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsFloat(); }
+    static float Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetFloat(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, const typename ValueType::Ch*> {
+    typedef const typename ValueType::Ch* StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetString(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data) { return v.SetString(typename ValueType::StringRefType(data)); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> > {
+    typedef std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return StringType(v.GetString(), v.GetStringLength()); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType& data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+#endif
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Array> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Array ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstArray> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstArray ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Object> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Object ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstObject> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstObject ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+// Forward declarations
+template <bool, typename> class GenericArray;
+template <bool, typename> class GenericObject;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue
+
+//! Represents a JSON value. Use Value for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*!
+    A JSON value can be one of 7 types. This class is a variant type supporting
+    these types.
+
+    Use the Value if UTF8 and default allocator
+
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR >
+class GenericValue {
+public:
+    //! Name-value pair in an object.
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding, Allocator> Member;
+    typedef Encoding EncodingType;                  //!< Encoding type from template parameter.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;               //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericStringRef<Ch> StringRefType;     //!< Reference to a constant string
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator MemberIterator;  //!< Member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator ConstMemberIterator;  //!< Constant member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef GenericValue* ValueIterator;            //!< Value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef const GenericValue* ConstValueIterator; //!< Constant value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of itself.
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueType> Array;
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueType> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueType> Object;
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueType> ConstObject;
+
+    //!@name Constructors and destructor.
+    //@{
+
+    //! Default constructor creates a null value.
+    GenericValue() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericValue(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(rhs.data_) {
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; // give up contents
+    }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue& rhs);
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Moving from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+
+    //! Move assignment from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+#endif
+
+public:
+
+    //! Constructor with JSON value type.
+    /*! This creates a Value of specified type with default content.
+        \param type Type of the value.
+        \note Default content for number is zero.
+    */
+    explicit GenericValue(Type type) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        static const uint16_t defaultFlags[] = {
+            kNullFlag, kFalseFlag, kTrueFlag, kObjectFlag, kArrayFlag, kShortStringFlag,
+            kNumberAnyFlag
+        };
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(type >= kNullType && type <= kNumberType);
+        data_.f.flags = defaultFlags[type];
+
+        // Use ShortString to store empty string.
+        if (type == kStringType)
+            data_.ss.SetLength(0);
+    }
+
+    //! Explicit copy constructor (with allocator)
+    /*! Creates a copy of a Value by using the given Allocator
+        \tparam SourceAllocator allocator of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied elements and buffers. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \param copyConstStrings Force copying of constant strings (e.g. referencing an in-situ buffer)
+        \see CopyFrom()
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator, bool copyConstStrings = false) {
+        switch (rhs.GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType:
+            DoCopyMembers(rhs, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+            break;
+        case kArrayType: {
+                SizeType count = rhs.data_.a.size;
+                GenericValue* le = reinterpret_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(GenericValue)));
+                const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>* re = rhs.GetElementsPointer();
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                    new (&le[i]) GenericValue(re[i], allocator, copyConstStrings);
+                data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+                data_.a.size = data_.a.capacity = count;
+                SetElementsPointer(le);
+            }
+            break;
+        case kStringType:
+            if (rhs.data_.f.flags == kConstStringFlag && !copyConstStrings) {
+                data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+                data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+            }
+            else
+                SetStringRaw(StringRef(rhs.GetString(), rhs.GetStringLength()), allocator);
+            break;
+        default:
+            data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+            data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for boolean value.
+    /*! \param b Boolean value
+        \note This constructor is limited to \em real boolean values and rejects
+            implicitly converted types like arbitrary pointers.  Use an explicit cast
+            to \c bool, if you want to construct a boolean JSON value in such cases.
+     */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING // hide SFINAE from Doxygen
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit GenericValue(T b, RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF((internal::IsSame<bool, T>))) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT  // See #472
+#else
+    explicit GenericValue(bool b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+#endif
+        : data_() {
+            // safe-guard against failing SFINAE
+            RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT((internal::IsSame<bool,T>::Value));
+            data_.f.flags = b ? kTrueFlag : kFalseFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int i) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i;
+        data_.f.flags = (i >= 0) ? (kNumberIntFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag) : kNumberIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for unsigned value.
+    explicit GenericValue(unsigned u) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u; 
+        data_.f.flags = (u & 0x80000000) ? kNumberUintFlag : (kNumberUintFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag);
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int64_t i64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberInt64Flag;
+        if (i64 >= 0) {
+            data_.f.flags |= kNumberUint64Flag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+        }
+        else if (i64 >= static_cast<int64_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for uint64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(uint64_t u64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberUint64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80000000, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kInt64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for double value.
+    explicit GenericValue(double d) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.n.d = d; data_.f.flags = kNumberDoubleFlag; }
+
+    //! Constructor for float value.
+    explicit GenericValue(float f) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.n.d = static_cast<double>(f); data_.f.flags = kNumberDoubleFlag; }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    explicit GenericValue(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(s); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length), allocator); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch*s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Constructor for copy-string from a string object (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    GenericValue(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructor for Array.
+    /*!
+        \param a An array obtained by \c GetArray().
+        \note \c Array is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source array is moved into this value and the sourec array becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Array a) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(a.value_.data_) {
+        a.value_.data_ = Data();
+        a.value_.data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for Object.
+    /*!
+        \param o An object obtained by \c GetObject().
+        \note \c Object is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source object is moved into this value and the sourec object becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Object o) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(o.value_.data_) {
+        o.value_.data_ = Data();
+        o.value_.data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! Need to destruct elements of array, members of object, or copy-string.
+    */
+    ~GenericValue() {
+        // With RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP, the maps need to be destroyed to release
+        // their Allocator if it's refcounted (e.g. MemoryPoolAllocator).
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree || (RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP+0 &&
+                                     internal::IsRefCounted<Allocator>::Value)) {
+            switch(data_.f.flags) {
+            case kArrayFlag:
+                {
+                    GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+                    for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+                        v->~GenericValue();
+                    if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+                        Allocator::Free(e);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case kObjectFlag:
+                DoFreeMembers();
+                break;
+
+            case kCopyStringFlag:
+                if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+                    Allocator::Free(const_cast<Ch*>(GetStringPointer()));
+                }
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                break;  // Do nothing for other types.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Assignment operators
+    //@{
+
+    //! Assignment with move semantics.
+    /*! \param rhs Source of the assignment. It will become a null value after assignment.
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(this != &rhs)) {
+            // Can't destroy "this" before assigning "rhs", otherwise "rhs"
+            // could be used after free if it's an sub-Value of "this",
+            // hence the temporary danse.
+            GenericValue temp;
+            temp.RawAssign(rhs);
+            this->~GenericValue();
+            RawAssign(temp);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return *this = rhs.Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Assignment of constant string reference (no copy)
+    /*! \param str Constant string reference to be assigned
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type assignment overload below.
+        \see GenericStringRef, operator=(T)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(StringRefType str) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue s(str);
+        return *this = s;
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment with primitive types.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value The value to be assigned.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref SetString(const Ch*, Allocator&) (for copying) or
+            \ref StringRef() (to explicitly mark the pointer as constant) instead.
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use \ref SetBool() instead.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsPointer<T>), (GenericValue&))
+    operator=(T value) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return *this = v;
+    }
+
+    //! Deep-copy assignment from Value
+    /*! Assigns a \b copy of the Value to the current Value object
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator type of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator to use for copying
+        \param copyConstStrings Force copying of constant strings (e.g. referencing an in-situ buffer)
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& CopyFrom(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator, bool copyConstStrings = false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(static_cast<void*>(this) != static_cast<void const*>(&rhs));
+        this->~GenericValue();
+        new (this) GenericValue(rhs, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this value with those of other.
+    /*!
+        \param other Another value.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Swap(GenericValue& other) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue temp;
+        temp.RawAssign(*this);
+        RawAssign(other);
+        other.RawAssign(temp);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.value, b.value);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericValue& a, GenericValue& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Prepare Value for move semantics
+    /*! \return *this */
+    GenericValue& Move() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Equal-to and not-equal-to operators
+    //@{
+    //! Equal-to operator
+    /*!
+        \note If an object contains duplicated named member, comparing equality with any object is always \c false.
+        \note Complexity is quadratic in Object's member number and linear for the rest (number of all values in the subtree and total lengths of all strings).
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator==(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        typedef GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator> RhsType;
+        if (GetType() != rhs.GetType())
+            return false;
+
+        switch (GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType: // Warning: O(n^2) inner-loop
+            if (data_.o.size != rhs.data_.o.size)
+                return false;           
+            for (ConstMemberIterator lhsMemberItr = MemberBegin(); lhsMemberItr != MemberEnd(); ++lhsMemberItr) {
+                typename RhsType::ConstMemberIterator rhsMemberItr = rhs.FindMember(lhsMemberItr->name);
+                if (rhsMemberItr == rhs.MemberEnd() || lhsMemberItr->value != rhsMemberItr->value)
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+            
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (data_.a.size != rhs.data_.a.size)
+                return false;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.a.size; i++)
+                if ((*this)[i] != rhs[i])
+                    return false;
+            return true;
+
+        case kStringType:
+            return StringEqual(rhs);
+
+        case kNumberType:
+            if (IsDouble() || rhs.IsDouble()) {
+                double a = GetDouble();     // May convert from integer to double.
+                double b = rhs.GetDouble(); // Ditto
+                return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+            }
+            else
+                return data_.n.u64 == rhs.data_.n.u64;
+
+        default:
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator==(const Ch* rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Equal-to operator with string object
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    bool operator==(const std::basic_string<Ch>& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with primitive types
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c true, \c false
+    */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>,internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (bool)) operator==(const T& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(rhs); }
+
+#ifndef __cpp_impl_three_way_comparison
+    //! Not-equal-to operator
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator!=(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator!=(const Ch* rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with arbitrary types
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return (rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator==(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return rhs == lhs; }
+
+    //! Not-Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return !(rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return !(rhs == lhs); }
+    //@}
+#endif
+
+    //!@name Type
+    //@{
+
+    Type GetType()  const { return static_cast<Type>(data_.f.flags & kTypeMask); }
+    bool IsNull()   const { return data_.f.flags == kNullFlag; }
+    bool IsFalse()  const { return data_.f.flags == kFalseFlag; }
+    bool IsTrue()   const { return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    bool IsBool()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kBoolFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsObject() const { return data_.f.flags == kObjectFlag; }
+    bool IsArray()  const { return data_.f.flags == kArrayFlag; }
+    bool IsNumber() const { return (data_.f.flags & kNumberFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt()    const { return (data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt64()  const { return (data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint64() const { return (data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsDouble() const { return (data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsString() const { return (data_.f.flags & kStringFlag) != 0; }
+
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a double.
+    bool IsLosslessDouble() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        if (IsUint64()) {
+            uint64_t u = GetUint64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(u);
+            return (d >= 0.0)
+                && (d < static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max)()))
+                && (u == static_cast<uint64_t>(d));
+        }
+        if (IsInt64()) {
+            int64_t i = GetInt64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(i);
+            return (d >= static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min)()))
+                && (d < static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max)()))
+                && (i == static_cast<int64_t>(d));
+        }
+        return true; // double, int, uint are always lossless
+    }
+
+    // Checks whether a number is a float (possible lossy).
+    bool IsFloat() const  {
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) == 0)
+            return false;
+        double d = GetDouble();
+        return d >= -3.4028234e38 && d <= 3.4028234e38;
+    }
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a float.
+    bool IsLosslessFloat() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        double a = GetDouble();
+        if (a < static_cast<double>(-(std::numeric_limits<float>::max)())
+                || a > static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<float>::max)()))
+            return false;
+        double b = static_cast<double>(static_cast<float>(a));
+        return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Null
+    //@{
+
+    GenericValue& SetNull() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Bool
+    //@{
+
+    bool GetBool() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsBool()); return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    //!< Set boolean value
+    /*! \post IsBool() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetBool(bool b) { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(b); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Object
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty object.
+    /*! \post IsObject() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetObject() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kObjectType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of members in the object.
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size; }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of object.
+    SizeType MemberCapacity() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.capacity; }
+
+    //! Check whether the object is empty.
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam T Either \c Ch or \c const \c Ch (template used for disambiguation with \ref operator[](SizeType))
+        \note In version 0.1x, if the member is not found, this function returns a null value. This makes issue 7.
+        Since 0.2, if the name is not correct, it will assert.
+        If user is unsure whether a member exists, user should use HasMember() first.
+        A better approach is to use FindMember().
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return (*this)[n];
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(const GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator of the \c name value
+
+        \note Compared to \ref operator[](T*), this version is faster because it does not need a StrLen().
+        And it can also handle strings with embedded null characters.
+
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator member = FindMember(name);
+        if (member != MemberEnd())
+            return member->value;
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);    // see above note
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+            // Use thread-local storage to prevent races between threads.
+            // Use static buffer and placement-new to prevent destruction, with
+            // alignas() to ensure proper alignment.
+            alignas(GenericValue) thread_local static char buffer[sizeof(GenericValue)];
+            return *new (buffer) GenericValue();
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
+            // There's no way to solve both thread locality and proper alignment
+            // simultaneously.
+            __declspec(thread) static char buffer[sizeof(GenericValue)];
+            return *new (buffer) GenericValue();
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+            // This will generate -Wexit-time-destructors in clang, but that's
+            // better than having under-alignment.
+            __thread static GenericValue buffer;
+            return buffer;
+#else
+            // Don't know what compiler this is, so don't know how to ensure
+            // thread-locality.
+            static GenericValue buffer;
+            return buffer;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with name (string object).
+    GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+#endif
+
+    //! Const member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberBegin() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! Const \em past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberEnd() const   { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+    //! Member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin()            { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd()              { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+
+    //! Request the object to have enough capacity to store members.
+    /*! \param newCapacity  The capacity that the object at least need to have.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& MemberReserve(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator &allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        DoReserveMembers(newCapacity, allocator);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with string object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with GenericValue name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool HasMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return FindMember(n);
+    }
+
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+        return DoFindMember(name);
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Find member by string object name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c name and \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject() && name.IsString()
+        \post name.IsNull() && value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+        DoAddMember(name, value, allocator);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Add a string object as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value, allocator);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(GenericValue& name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \post value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(StringRefType,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove all members in the object.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the object, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void RemoveAllMembers() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); 
+        DoClearMembers();
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return RemoveMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return RemoveMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            RemoveMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by iterator.
+    /*! \param m member iterator (obtained by FindMember() or MemberBegin()).
+        \return the new iterator after removal.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m >= MemberBegin() && m < MemberEnd());
+        return DoRemoveMember(m);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member from an object by iterator.
+    /*! \param pos iterator to the member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c pos < \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element.
+            If the iterator \c pos refers to the last element, the \ref MemberEnd() iterator is returned.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members. If you do not need this, use the more efficient \ref RemoveMember(MemberIterator).
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) {
+        return EraseMember(pos, pos +1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove members in the range [first, last) from an object.
+    /*! \param first iterator to the first member to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= MemberBegin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= MemberEnd());
+        return DoEraseMembers(first, last);
+    }
+
+    //! Erase a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return EraseMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return EraseMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            EraseMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    Object GetObject() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return Object(*this); }
+    Object GetObj() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return Object(*this); }
+    ConstObject GetObject() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstObject(*this); }
+    ConstObject GetObj() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstObject(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty array.
+    /*! \post IsArray == true */
+    GenericValue& SetArray() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kArrayType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of elements in array.
+    SizeType Size() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size; }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of array.
+    SizeType Capacity() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.capacity; }
+
+    //! Check whether the array is empty.
+    bool Empty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Remove all elements in the array.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the array, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void Clear() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); 
+        GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+        for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+            v->~GenericValue();
+        data_.a.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Get an element from array by index.
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true
+        \param index Zero-based index of element.
+        \see operator[](T*)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < data_.a.size);
+        return GetElementsPointer()[index];
+    }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[index]; }
+
+    //! Element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator Begin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer(); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator End() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer() + data_.a.size; }
+    //! Constant element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator Begin() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).Begin(); }
+    //! Constant \em past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator End() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).End(); }
+
+    //! Request the array to have enough capacity to store elements.
+    /*! \param newCapacity  The capacity that the array at least need to have.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator &allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (newCapacity > data_.a.capacity) {
+            SetElementsPointer(reinterpret_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Realloc(GetElementsPointer(), data_.a.capacity * sizeof(GenericValue), newCapacity * sizeof(GenericValue))));
+            data_.a.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Append a GenericValue at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Value to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \post value.IsNull() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this array on success.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (data_.a.size >= data_.a.capacity)
+            Reserve(data_.a.capacity == 0 ? kDefaultArrayCapacity : (data_.a.capacity + (data_.a.capacity + 1) / 2), allocator);
+        GetElementsPointer()[data_.a.size++].RawAssign(value);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return PushBack(value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+    //! Append a constant string reference at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Constant string reference to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one used previously. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+        \see GenericStringRef
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return (*this).template PushBack<StringRefType>(value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Append a primitive value at the end of the array.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value Value of primitive type T to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref PushBack(GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    PushBack(T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return PushBack(v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove the last element in the array.
+    /*!
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PopBack() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Empty());
+        GetElementsPointer()[--data_.a.size].~GenericValue();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove an element of array by iterator.
+    /*!
+        \param pos iterator to the element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c pos < \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element. If the iterator pos refers to the last element, the End() iterator is returned.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) {
+        return Erase(pos, pos + 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove elements in the range [first, last) of the array.
+    /*!
+        \param first iterator to the first element to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.a.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetElementsPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= Begin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= End());
+        ValueIterator pos = Begin() + (first - Begin());
+        for (ValueIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr)
+            itr->~GenericValue();
+        std::memmove(static_cast<void*>(pos), last, static_cast<size_t>(End() - last) * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        data_.a.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    Array GetArray() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return Array(*this); }
+    ConstArray GetArray() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return ConstArray(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Number
+    //@{
+
+    int GetInt() const          { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kIntFlag);   return data_.n.i.i;   }
+    unsigned GetUint() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUintFlag);  return data_.n.u.u;   }
+    int64_t GetInt64() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag); return data_.n.i64; }
+    uint64_t GetUint64() const  { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag); return data_.n.u64; }
+
+    //! Get the value as double type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessDouble() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    double GetDouble() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsNumber());
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0)                return data_.n.d;   // exact type, no conversion.
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0)                   return data_.n.i.i; // int -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0)                  return data_.n.u.u; // unsigned -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0)                 return static_cast<double>(data_.n.i64); // int64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT((data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0);  return static_cast<double>(data_.n.u64); // uint64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+    }
+
+    //! Get the value as float type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessFloat() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    float GetFloat() const {
+        return static_cast<float>(GetDouble());
+    }
+
+    GenericValue& SetInt(int i)             { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint(unsigned u)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetInt64(int64_t i64)     { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint64(uint64_t u64)   { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetDouble(double d)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(d);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetFloat(float f)         { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(static_cast<double>(f)); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name String
+    //@{
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return DataString(data_); }
+
+    //! Get the length of string.
+    /*! Since rapidjson permits "\\u0000" in the json string, strlen(v.GetString()) may not equal to v.GetStringLength().
+    */
+    SizeType GetStringLength() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return DataStringLength(data_); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string pointer. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == length
+        \see SetString(StringRefType)
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length) { return SetString(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! \param s source string reference
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == s.length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(StringRefType s) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(s); return *this; }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(StringRef(s, length), allocator); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string. 
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string reference
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s.s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(StringRefType s, Allocator& allocator) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(s, allocator); return *this; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s.data() && strcmp(GetString(),s.data() == 0 && GetStringLength() == s.size()
+        \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Templated version for checking whether this value is type T.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \c bool, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c float, \c const \c char*, \c std::basic_string<Ch>
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    bool Is() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Is(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data, AllocatorType& allocator) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data, allocator); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Generate events of this value to a Handler.
+    /*! This function adopts the GoF visitor pattern.
+        Typical usage is to output this JSON value as JSON text via Writer, which is a Handler.
+        It can also be used to deep clone this value via GenericDocument, which is also a Handler.
+        \tparam Handler type of handler.
+        \param handler An object implementing concept Handler.
+    */
+    template <typename Handler>
+    bool Accept(Handler& handler) const {
+        switch(GetType()) {
+        case kNullType:     return handler.Null();
+        case kFalseType:    return handler.Bool(false);
+        case kTrueType:     return handler.Bool(true);
+
+        case kObjectType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartObject()))
+                return false;
+            for (ConstMemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m) {
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m->name.IsString()); // User may change the type of name by MemberIterator.
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Key(m->name.GetString(), m->name.GetStringLength(), (m->name.data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0)))
+                    return false;
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!m->value.Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return handler.EndObject(data_.o.size);
+
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartArray()))
+                return false;
+            for (ConstValueIterator v = Begin(); v != End(); ++v)
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!v->Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            return handler.EndArray(data_.a.size);
+    
+        case kStringType:
+            return handler.String(GetString(), GetStringLength(), (data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0);
+    
+        default:
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetType() == kNumberType);
+            if (IsDouble())         return handler.Double(data_.n.d);
+            else if (IsInt())       return handler.Int(data_.n.i.i);
+            else if (IsUint())      return handler.Uint(data_.n.u.u);
+            else if (IsInt64())     return handler.Int64(data_.n.i64);
+            else                    return handler.Uint64(data_.n.u64);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue;
+    template <typename, typename, typename> friend class GenericDocument;
+
+    enum {
+        kBoolFlag       = 0x0008,
+        kNumberFlag     = 0x0010,
+        kIntFlag        = 0x0020,
+        kUintFlag       = 0x0040,
+        kInt64Flag      = 0x0080,
+        kUint64Flag     = 0x0100,
+        kDoubleFlag     = 0x0200,
+        kStringFlag     = 0x0400,
+        kCopyFlag       = 0x0800,
+        kInlineStrFlag  = 0x1000,
+
+        // Initial flags of different types.
+        kNullFlag = kNullType,
+        // These casts are added to suppress the warning on MSVC about bitwise operations between enums of different types.
+        kTrueFlag = static_cast<int>(kTrueType) | static_cast<int>(kBoolFlag),
+        kFalseFlag = static_cast<int>(kFalseType) | static_cast<int>(kBoolFlag),
+        kNumberIntFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag),
+        kNumberUintFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kInt64Flag),
+        kNumberInt64Flag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kInt64Flag),
+        kNumberUint64Flag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kUint64Flag),
+        kNumberDoubleFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kDoubleFlag),
+        kNumberAnyFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kDoubleFlag),
+        kConstStringFlag = static_cast<int>(kStringType) | static_cast<int>(kStringFlag),
+        kCopyStringFlag = static_cast<int>(kStringType) | static_cast<int>(kStringFlag | kCopyFlag),
+        kShortStringFlag = static_cast<int>(kStringType) | static_cast<int>(kStringFlag | kCopyFlag | kInlineStrFlag),
+        kObjectFlag = kObjectType,
+        kArrayFlag = kArrayType,
+
+        kTypeMask = 0x07
+    };
+
+    static const SizeType kDefaultArrayCapacity = RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY;
+    static const SizeType kDefaultObjectCapacity = RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY;
+
+    struct Flag {
+#if RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + 6];     // 2 x SizeType + lower 48-bit pointer
+#elif RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 6]; // 6 padding bytes
+#else
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 2]; // 2 padding bytes
+#endif
+        uint16_t flags;
+    };
+
+    struct String {
+        SizeType length;
+        SizeType hashcode;  //!< reserved
+        const Ch* str;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // implementation detail: ShortString can represent zero-terminated strings up to MaxSize chars
+    // (excluding the terminating zero) and store a value to determine the length of the contained
+    // string in the last character str[LenPos] by storing "MaxSize - length" there. If the string
+    // to store has the maximal length of MaxSize then str[LenPos] will be 0 and therefore act as
+    // the string terminator as well. For getting the string length back from that value just use
+    // "MaxSize - str[LenPos]".
+    // This allows to store 13-chars strings in 32-bit mode, 21-chars strings in 64-bit mode,
+    // 13-chars strings for RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION=1 inline (for `UTF8`-encoded strings).
+    struct ShortString {
+        enum { MaxChars = sizeof(static_cast<Flag*>(0)->payload) / sizeof(Ch), MaxSize = MaxChars - 1, LenPos = MaxSize };
+        Ch str[MaxChars];
+
+        inline static bool Usable(SizeType len) { return                       (MaxSize >= len); }
+        inline void     SetLength(SizeType len) { str[LenPos] = static_cast<Ch>(MaxSize -  len); }
+        inline SizeType GetLength() const       { return  static_cast<SizeType>(MaxSize -  str[LenPos]); }
+    };  // at most as many bytes as "String" above => 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // By using proper binary layout, retrieval of different integer types do not need conversions.
+    union Number {
+#if RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN == RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+        struct I {
+            int i;
+            char padding[4];
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            unsigned u;
+            char padding2[4];
+        }u;
+#else
+        struct I {
+            char padding[4];
+            int i;
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            char padding2[4];
+            unsigned u;
+        }u;
+#endif
+        int64_t i64;
+        uint64_t u64;
+        double d;
+    };  // 8 bytes
+
+    struct ObjectData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        Member* members;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    struct ArrayData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        GenericValue* elements;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    union Data {
+        String s;
+        ShortString ss;
+        Number n;
+        ObjectData o;
+        ArrayData a;
+        Flag f;
+    };  // 16 bytes in 32-bit mode, 24 bytes in 64-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit with RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* DataString(const Data& data) {
+        return (data.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? data.ss.str : RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Ch, data.s.str);
+    }
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE SizeType DataStringLength(const Data& data) {
+        return (data.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? data.ss.GetLength() : data.s.length;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* GetStringPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* SetStringPointer(const Ch* str) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str, str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* GetElementsPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* SetElementsPointer(GenericValue* elements) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements, elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* GetMembersPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* SetMembersPointer(Member* members) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members, members); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+
+    struct MapTraits {
+        struct Less {
+            bool operator()(const Data& s1, const Data& s2) const {
+                SizeType n1 = DataStringLength(s1), n2 = DataStringLength(s2);
+                int cmp = std::memcmp(DataString(s1), DataString(s2), sizeof(Ch) * (n1 < n2 ? n1 : n2));
+                return cmp < 0 || (cmp == 0 && n1 < n2);
+            }
+        };
+        typedef std::pair<const Data, SizeType> Pair;
+        typedef std::multimap<Data, SizeType, Less, StdAllocator<Pair, Allocator> > Map;
+        typedef typename Map::iterator Iterator;
+    };
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Map         Map;
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Less        MapLess;
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Pair        MapPair;
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Iterator    MapIterator;
+
+    //
+    // Layout of the members' map/array, re(al)located according to the needed capacity:
+    //
+    //    {Map*}<>{capacity}<>{Member[capacity]}<>{MapIterator[capacity]}
+    //
+    // (where <> stands for the RAPIDJSON_ALIGN-ment, if needed)
+    //
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE size_t GetMapLayoutSize(SizeType capacity) {
+        return RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)) +
+               RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)) +
+               RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(capacity * sizeof(Member)) +
+               capacity * sizeof(MapIterator);
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE SizeType &GetMapCapacity(Map* &map) {
+        return *reinterpret_cast<SizeType*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&map) +
+                                            RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)));
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* GetMapMembers(Map* &map) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<Member*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&map) +
+                                         RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)) +
+                                         RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)));
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE MapIterator* GetMapIterators(Map* &map) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<MapIterator*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&map) +
+                                              RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)) +
+                                              RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)) +
+                                              RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(GetMapCapacity(map) * sizeof(Member)));
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Map* &GetMap(Member* members) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(members != 0);
+        return *reinterpret_cast<Map**>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(members) -
+                                        RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)) -
+                                        RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)));
+    }
+
+    // Some compilers' debug mechanisms want all iterators to be destroyed, for their accounting..
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE MapIterator DropMapIterator(MapIterator& rhs) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+        MapIterator ret = std::move(rhs);
+#else
+        MapIterator ret = rhs;
+#endif
+        rhs.~MapIterator();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    Map* &DoReallocMap(Map** oldMap, SizeType newCapacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        Map **newMap = static_cast<Map**>(allocator.Malloc(GetMapLayoutSize(newCapacity)));
+        GetMapCapacity(*newMap) = newCapacity;
+        if (!oldMap) {
+            *newMap = new (allocator.Malloc(sizeof(Map))) Map(MapLess(), allocator);
+        }
+        else {
+            *newMap = *oldMap;
+            size_t count = (*oldMap)->size();
+            std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(GetMapMembers(*newMap)),
+                        static_cast<void*>(GetMapMembers(*oldMap)),
+                        count * sizeof(Member));
+            MapIterator *oldIt = GetMapIterators(*oldMap),
+                        *newIt = GetMapIterators(*newMap);
+            while (count--) {
+                new (&newIt[count]) MapIterator(DropMapIterator(oldIt[count]));
+            }
+            Allocator::Free(oldMap);
+        }
+        return *newMap;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* DoAllocMembers(SizeType capacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return GetMapMembers(DoReallocMap(0, capacity, allocator));
+    }
+
+    void DoReserveMembers(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (newCapacity > o.capacity) {
+            Member* oldMembers = GetMembersPointer();
+            Map **oldMap = oldMembers ? &GetMap(oldMembers) : 0,
+                *&newMap = DoReallocMap(oldMap, newCapacity, allocator);
+            RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, o.members, GetMapMembers(newMap));
+            o.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator DoFindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        if (Member* members = GetMembersPointer()) {
+            Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+            MapIterator mit = map->find(reinterpret_cast<const Data&>(name.data_));
+            if (mit != map->end()) {
+                return MemberIterator(&members[mit->second]);
+            }
+        }
+        return MemberEnd();
+    }
+
+    void DoClearMembers() {
+        if (Member* members = GetMembersPointer()) {
+            Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+            MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.o.size; i++) {
+                map->erase(DropMapIterator(mit[i]));
+                members[i].~Member();
+            }
+            data_.o.size = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void DoFreeMembers() {
+        if (Member* members = GetMembersPointer()) {
+            GetMap(members)->~Map();
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.o.size; i++) {
+                members[i].~Member();
+            }
+            if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+                Map** map = &GetMap(members);
+                Allocator::Free(*map);
+                Allocator::Free(map);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#else // !RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* DoAllocMembers(SizeType capacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return Malloc<Member>(allocator, capacity);
+    }
+
+    void DoReserveMembers(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (newCapacity > o.capacity) {
+            Member* newMembers = Realloc<Member>(allocator, GetMembersPointer(), o.capacity, newCapacity);
+            RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, o.members, newMembers);
+            o.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator DoFindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator member = MemberBegin();
+        for ( ; member != MemberEnd(); ++member)
+            if (name.StringEqual(member->name))
+                break;
+        return member;
+    }
+
+    void DoClearMembers() {
+        for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+            m->~Member();
+        data_.o.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    void DoFreeMembers() {
+        for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+            m->~Member();
+        Allocator::Free(GetMembersPointer());
+    }
+
+#endif // !RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+
+    void DoAddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (o.size >= o.capacity)
+            DoReserveMembers(o.capacity ? (o.capacity + (o.capacity + 1) / 2) : kDefaultObjectCapacity, allocator);
+        Member* members = GetMembersPointer();
+        Member* m = members + o.size;
+        m->name.RawAssign(name);
+        m->value.RawAssign(value);
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+        new (&mit[o.size]) MapIterator(map->insert(MapPair(m->name.data_, o.size)));
+#endif
+        ++o.size;
+    }
+
+    MemberIterator DoRemoveMember(MemberIterator m) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        Member* members = GetMembersPointer();
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+        SizeType mpos = static_cast<SizeType>(&*m - members);
+        map->erase(DropMapIterator(mit[mpos]));
+#endif
+        MemberIterator last(members + (o.size - 1));
+        if (o.size > 1 && m != last) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            new (&mit[mpos]) MapIterator(DropMapIterator(mit[&*last - members]));
+            mit[mpos]->second = mpos;
+#endif
+            *m = *last; // Move the last one to this place
+        }
+        else {
+            m->~Member(); // Only one left, just destroy
+        }
+        --o.size;
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    MemberIterator DoEraseMembers(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        MemberIterator beg = MemberBegin(),
+                       pos = beg + (first - beg),
+                       end = MemberEnd();
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(GetMembersPointer());
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+#endif
+        for (MemberIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            map->erase(DropMapIterator(mit[itr - beg]));
+#endif
+            itr->~Member();
+        }
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        if (first != last) {
+            // Move remaining members/iterators
+            MemberIterator next = pos + (last - first);
+            for (MemberIterator itr = pos; next != end; ++itr, ++next) {
+                std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(&*itr), &*next, sizeof(Member));
+                SizeType mpos = static_cast<SizeType>(itr - beg);
+                new (&mit[mpos]) MapIterator(DropMapIterator(mit[next - beg]));
+                mit[mpos]->second = mpos;
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        std::memmove(static_cast<void*>(&*pos), &*last,
+                     static_cast<size_t>(end - last) * sizeof(Member));
+#endif
+        o.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    void DoCopyMembers(const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator, bool copyConstStrings) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(rhs.GetType() == kObjectType);
+
+        data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+        SizeType count = rhs.data_.o.size;
+        Member* lm = DoAllocMembers(count, allocator);
+        const typename GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>::Member* rm = rhs.GetMembersPointer();
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(lm);
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+#endif
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            new (&lm[i].name) GenericValue(rm[i].name, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+            new (&lm[i].value) GenericValue(rm[i].value, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            new (&mit[i]) MapIterator(map->insert(MapPair(lm[i].name.data_, i)));
+#endif
+        }
+        data_.o.size = data_.o.capacity = count;
+        SetMembersPointer(lm);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize this value as array with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetArrayRaw(GenericValue* values, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            GenericValue* e = static_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(GenericValue)));
+            SetElementsPointer(e);
+            std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(e), values, count * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        }
+        else
+            SetElementsPointer(0);
+        data_.a.size = data_.a.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as object with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetObjectRaw(Member* members, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            Member* m = DoAllocMembers(count, allocator);
+            SetMembersPointer(m);
+            std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(m), members, count * sizeof(Member));
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            Map* &map = GetMap(m);
+            MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                new (&mit[i]) MapIterator(map->insert(MapPair(m[i].name.data_, i)));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+        else
+            SetMembersPointer(0);
+        data_.o.size = data_.o.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as constant string, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_.f.flags = kConstStringFlag;
+        SetStringPointer(s);
+        data_.s.length = s.length;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as copy string with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s, Allocator& allocator) {
+        Ch* str = 0;
+        if (ShortString::Usable(s.length)) {
+            data_.f.flags = kShortStringFlag;
+            data_.ss.SetLength(s.length);
+            str = data_.ss.str;
+        } else {
+            data_.f.flags = kCopyStringFlag;
+            data_.s.length = s.length;
+            str = static_cast<Ch *>(allocator.Malloc((s.length + 1) * sizeof(Ch)));
+            SetStringPointer(str);
+        }
+        std::memcpy(str, s, s.length * sizeof(Ch));
+        str[s.length] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment without calling destructor
+    void RawAssign(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_ = rhs.data_;
+        // data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag;
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool StringEqual(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(rhs.IsString());
+
+        const SizeType len1 = GetStringLength();
+        const SizeType len2 = rhs.GetStringLength();
+        if(len1 != len2) { return false; }
+
+        const Ch* const str1 = GetString();
+        const Ch* const str2 = rhs.GetString();
+        if(str1 == str2) { return true; } // fast path for constant string
+
+        return (std::memcmp(str1, str2, sizeof(Ch) * len1) == 0);
+    }
+
+    Data data_;
+};
+
+//! GenericValue with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericValue<UTF8<> > Value;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericDocument 
+
+//! A document for parsing JSON text as DOM.
+/*!
+    \note implements Handler concept
+    \tparam Encoding Encoding for both parsing and string storage.
+    \tparam Allocator Allocator for allocating memory for the DOM
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator for allocating memory for stack during parsing.
+    \warning Although GenericDocument inherits from GenericValue, the API does \b not provide any virtual functions, especially no virtual destructor.  To avoid memory leaks, do not \c delete a GenericDocument object via a pointer to a GenericValue.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR, typename StackAllocator = RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR >
+class GenericDocument : public GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;                       //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of the document.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                        //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+    typedef StackAllocator StackAllocatorType;              //!< StackAllocator type from template parameter.
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document of specified type.
+        \param type             Mandatory type of object to create.
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    explicit GenericDocument(Type type, Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) :
+        GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator>(type),  allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document which type is Null. 
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    GenericDocument(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) : 
+        allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericDocument(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : ValueType(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs)), // explicit cast to avoid prohibited move from Document
+          allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+          ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+          stack_(std::move(rhs.stack_)),
+          parseResult_(rhs.parseResult_)
+    {
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ~GenericDocument() {
+        // Clear the ::ValueType before ownAllocator is destroyed, ~ValueType()
+        // runs last and may access its elements or members which would be freed
+        // with an allocator like MemoryPoolAllocator (CrtAllocator does not
+        // free its data when destroyed, but MemoryPoolAllocator does).
+        if (ownAllocator_) {
+            ValueType::SetNull();
+        }
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericDocument& operator=(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        // The cast to ValueType is necessary here, because otherwise it would
+        // attempt to call GenericValue's templated assignment operator.
+        ValueType::operator=(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs));
+
+        // Calling the destructor here would prematurely call stack_'s destructor
+        Destroy();
+
+        allocator_ = rhs.allocator_;
+        ownAllocator_ = rhs.ownAllocator_;
+        stack_ = std::move(rhs.stack_);
+        parseResult_ = rhs.parseResult_;
+
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this document with those of another.
+    /*!
+        \param rhs Another document.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \see GenericValue::Swap
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Swap(GenericDocument& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        ValueType::Swap(rhs);
+        stack_.Swap(rhs.stack_);
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, rhs.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(parseResult_, rhs.parseResult_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Allow Swap with ValueType.
+    // Refer to Effective C++ 3rd Edition/Item 33: Avoid hiding inherited names.
+    using ValueType::Swap;
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.doc, b.doc);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericDocument& a, GenericDocument& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Populate this document by a generator which produces SAX events.
+    /*! \tparam Generator A functor with <tt>bool f(Handler)</tt> prototype.
+        \param g Generator functor which sends SAX events to the parameter.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename Generator>
+    GenericDocument& Populate(Generator& g) {
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        if (g(*this)) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //!@name Parse from stream
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of input stream
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, Encoding, StackAllocator> reader(
+            stack_.HasAllocator() ? &stack_.GetAllocator() : 0);
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is, *this);
+        if (parseResult_) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<kParseDefaultFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse in-place from mutable string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags | kParseInsituFlag>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        return ParseInsitu<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse from read-only string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Transcoding from input Encoding
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        MemoryStream ms(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str), length * sizeof(typename SourceEncoding::Ch));
+        EncodedInputStream<SourceEncoding, MemoryStream> is(ms);
+        ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(is);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str, length);
+    }
+    
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str, length);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<typename SourceEncoding::Ch>& str) {
+        // c_str() is constant complexity according to standard. Should be faster than Parse(const char*, size_t)
+        return Parse<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING    
+
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Handling parse errors
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Whether a parse error has occurred in the last parsing.
+    bool HasParseError() const { return parseResult_.IsError(); }
+
+    //! Get the \ref ParseErrorCode of last parsing.
+    ParseErrorCode GetParseError() const { return parseResult_.Code(); }
+
+    //! Get the position of last parsing error in input, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t GetErrorOffset() const { return parseResult_.Offset(); }
+
+    //! Implicit conversion to get the last parse result
+#ifndef __clang // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \return \ref ParseResult of the last parse operation
+
+        \code
+          Document doc;
+          ParseResult ok = doc.Parse(json);
+          if (!ok)
+            printf( "JSON parse error: %s (%u)\n", GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+        \endcode
+     */
+#endif
+    operator ParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
+    //!@}
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this document.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(allocator_);
+        return *allocator_;
+    }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of stack in bytes.
+    size_t GetStackCapacity() const { return stack_.GetCapacity(); }
+
+private:
+    // clear stack on any exit from ParseStream, e.g. due to exception
+    struct ClearStackOnExit {
+        explicit ClearStackOnExit(GenericDocument& d) : d_(d) {}
+        ~ClearStackOnExit() { d_.ClearStack(); }
+    private:
+        ClearStackOnExit(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        ClearStackOnExit& operator=(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        GenericDocument& d_;
+    };
+
+    // callers of the following private Handler functions
+    // template <typename,typename,typename> friend class GenericReader; // for parsing
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue; // for deep copying
+
+public:
+    // Implementation of Handler
+    bool Null() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(); return true; }
+    bool Bool(bool b) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(b); return true; }
+    bool Int(int i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint(unsigned i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Double(double d) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(d); return true; }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kObjectType); return true; }
+    
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) {
+        typename ValueType::Member* members = stack_.template Pop<typename ValueType::Member>(memberCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetObjectRaw(members, memberCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kArrayType); return true; }
+    
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
+        ValueType* elements = stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(elementCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetArrayRaw(elements, elementCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Prohibit copying
+    GenericDocument(const GenericDocument&);
+    //! Prohibit assignment
+    GenericDocument& operator=(const GenericDocument&);
+
+    void ClearStack() {
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree)
+            while (stack_.GetSize() > 0)    // Here assumes all elements in stack array are GenericValue (Member is actually 2 GenericValue objects)
+                (stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1))->~ValueType();
+        else
+            stack_.Clear();
+        stack_.ShrinkToFit();
+    }
+
+    void Destroy() {
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultStackCapacity = 1024;
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> stack_;
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+};
+
+//! GenericDocument with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericDocument<UTF8<> > Document;
+
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of array type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetArray().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericArray {
+public:
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueT> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueT> Array;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef ValueType* ValueIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef const ValueT* ConstValueIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericArray(const GenericArray& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericArray& operator=(const GenericArray& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericArray() {}
+
+    operator ValueType&() const { return value_; }
+    SizeType Size() const { return value_.Size(); }
+    SizeType Capacity() const { return value_.Capacity(); }
+    bool Empty() const { return value_.Empty(); }
+    void Clear() const { value_.Clear(); }
+    ValueType& operator[](SizeType index) const {  return value_[index]; }
+    ValueIterator Begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator End() const { return value_.End(); }
+    GenericArray Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, AllocatorType &allocator) const { value_.Reserve(newCapacity, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (const GenericArray&)) PushBack(T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PopBack() const { value_.PopBack(); return *this; }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) const { return value_.Erase(pos); }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) const { return value_.Erase(first, last); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    ValueIterator begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator end() const { return value_.End(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericArray();
+    GenericArray(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of object type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetObject().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericObject {
+public:
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueT> ConstObject;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueT> Object;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<Const, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> MemberIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> ConstMemberIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericObject(const GenericObject& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericObject& operator=(const GenericObject& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericObject() {}
+
+    operator ValueType&() const { return value_; }
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { return value_.MemberCount(); }
+    SizeType MemberCapacity() const { return value_.MemberCapacity(); }
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { return value_.ObjectEmpty(); }
+    template <typename T> ValueType& operator[](T* name) const { return value_[name]; }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ValueType& operator[](const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    ValueType& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#endif
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+    GenericObject MemberReserve(SizeType newCapacity, AllocatorType &allocator) const { value_.MemberReserve(newCapacity, allocator); return *this; }
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool HasMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#endif
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&)) AddMember(ValueType& name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericObject)) AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    void RemoveAllMembers() { value_.RemoveAllMembers(); }
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) const { return value_.RemoveMember(m); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) const { return value_.EraseMember(pos); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) const { return value_.EraseMember(first, last); }
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return EraseMember(ValueType(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    MemberIterator begin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator end() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericObject();
+    GenericObject(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_WINDOWS_GETOBJECT_WORKAROUND_APPLIED
+#pragma pop_macro("GetObject")
+#undef RAPIDJSON_WINDOWS_GETOBJECT_WORKAROUND_APPLIED
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/encodedstream.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/encodedstream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf046b892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/encodedstream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Input byte stream wrapper with a statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam InputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileReadStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename InputByteStream>
+class EncodedInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(InputByteStream& is) : is_(is) { 
+        current_ = Encoding::TakeBOM(is_);
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = Encoding::Take(is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+
+    InputByteStream& is_;
+    Ch current_;
+};
+
+//! Specialized for UTF8 MemoryStream.
+template <>
+class EncodedInputStream<UTF8<>, MemoryStream> {
+public:
+    typedef UTF8<>::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(MemoryStream& is) : is_(is) {
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xEFu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBBu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBFu) is_.Take();
+    }
+    Ch Peek() const { return is_.Peek(); }
+    Ch Take() { return is_.Take(); }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) {}
+    void Flush() {} 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { return 0; }
+
+    MemoryStream& is_;
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+};
+
+//! Output byte stream wrapper with statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileWriteStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename OutputByteStream>
+class EncodedOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, bool putBOM = true) : os_(os) { 
+        if (putBOM)
+            Encoding::PutBOM(os_);
+    }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { Encoding::Put(os_, c);  }
+    void Flush() { os_.Flush(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);  return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedOutputStream(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+    EncodedOutputStream& operator=(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+
+    OutputByteStream& os_;
+};
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+//! Input stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for reading.
+    \tparam InputByteStream type of input byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename InputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param is input stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type if it is not detected from the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFInputStream(InputByteStream& is, UTFType type = kUTF8) : is_(&is), type_(type), hasBOM_(false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);        
+        DetectType();
+        static const TakeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Take) };
+        takeFunc_ = f[type_];
+        current_ = takeFunc_(*is_);
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+    bool HasBOM() const { return hasBOM_; }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = takeFunc_(*is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_->Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFInputStream(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+    AutoUTFInputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+
+    // Detect encoding type with BOM or RFC 4627
+    void DetectType() {
+        // BOM (Byte Order Mark):
+        // 00 00 FE FF  UTF-32BE
+        // FF FE 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // FE FF        UTF-16BE
+        // FF FE        UTF-16LE
+        // EF BB BF     UTF-8
+
+        const unsigned char* c = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(is_->Peek4());
+        if (!c)
+            return;
+
+        unsigned bom = static_cast<unsigned>(c[0] | (c[1] << 8) | (c[2] << 16) | (c[3] << 24));
+        hasBOM_ = false;
+        if (bom == 0xFFFE0000)                  { type_ = kUTF32BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if (bom == 0x0000FEFF)             { type_ = kUTF32LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFFFE)      { type_ = kUTF16BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFEFF)      { type_ = kUTF16LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFFFF) == 0xBFBBEF)  { type_ = kUTF8;    hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take();              }
+
+        // RFC 4627: Section 3
+        // "Since the first two characters of a JSON text will always be ASCII
+        // characters [RFC0020], it is possible to determine whether an octet
+        // stream is UTF-8, UTF-16 (BE or LE), or UTF-32 (BE or LE) by looking
+        // at the pattern of nulls in the first four octets."
+        // 00 00 00 xx  UTF-32BE
+        // 00 xx 00 xx  UTF-16BE
+        // xx 00 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // xx 00 xx 00  UTF-16LE
+        // xx xx xx xx  UTF-8
+
+        if (!hasBOM_) {
+            int pattern = (c[0] ? 1 : 0) | (c[1] ? 2 : 0) | (c[2] ? 4 : 0) | (c[3] ? 8 : 0);
+            switch (pattern) {
+            case 0x08: type_ = kUTF32BE; break;
+            case 0x0A: type_ = kUTF16BE; break;
+            case 0x01: type_ = kUTF32LE; break;
+            case 0x05: type_ = kUTF16LE; break;
+            case 0x0F: type_ = kUTF8;    break;
+            default: break; // Use type defined by user.
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+    }
+
+    typedef Ch (*TakeFunc)(InputByteStream& is);
+    InputByteStream* is_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    Ch current_;
+    TakeFunc takeFunc_;
+    bool hasBOM_;
+};
+
+//! Output stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for writing.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream type of output byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename OutputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param os output stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type.
+        \param putBOM Whether to write BOM at the beginning of the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, UTFType type, bool putBOM) : os_(&os), type_(type) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+        static const PutFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Put) };
+        putFunc_ = f[type_];
+
+        if (putBOM)
+            PutBOM();
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { putFunc_(*os_, c); }
+    void Flush() { os_->Flush(); } 
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+    AutoUTFOutputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+
+    void PutBOM() { 
+        typedef void (*PutBOMFunc)(OutputByteStream&);
+        static const PutBOMFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(PutBOM) };
+        f[type_](*os_);
+    }
+
+    typedef void (*PutFunc)(OutputByteStream&, Ch);
+
+    OutputByteStream* os_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    PutFunc putFunc_;
+};
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/encodings.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/encodings.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50ad18bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/encodings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(overflow)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Encoding
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Encoding
+    \brief Concept for encoding of Unicode characters.
+
+\code
+concept Encoding {
+    typename Ch;    //! Type of character. A "character" is actually a code unit in unicode's definition.
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 }; // or 0 if not supporting unicode
+
+    //! \brief Encode a Unicode codepoint to an output stream.
+    //! \param os Output stream.
+    //! \param codepoint An unicode codepoint, ranging from 0x0 to 0x10FFFF inclusively.
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Decode a Unicode codepoint from an input stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream.
+    //! \param codepoint Output of the unicode codepoint.
+    //! \return true if a valid codepoint can be decoded from the stream.
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream to obtain codepoint.
+    //! \param os Output for copying one codepoint.
+    //! \return true if it is valid.
+    //! \note This function just validating and copying the codepoint without actually decode it.
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os);
+
+    // The following functions are deal with byte streams.
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream, skip BOM if exist.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Put BOM to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os);
+
+    //! Put a character to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF8
+
+//! UTF-8 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 8-bit UTF-8 data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct UTF8 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+#define RAPIDJSON_COPY() c = is.Take(); *codepoint = (*codepoint << 6) | (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0x3Fu)
+#define RAPIDJSON_TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define RAPIDJSON_TAIL() RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x70)
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (!(c & 0x80)) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        unsigned char type = GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c));
+        if (type >= 32) {
+            *codepoint = 0;
+        } else {
+            *codepoint = (0xFFu >> type) & static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+        }
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (type) {
+        case 2: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x50); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x10); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x20); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x60); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef RAPIDJSON_COPY
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TRANS
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TAIL
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+#define RAPIDJSON_COPY() os.Put(c = is.Take())
+#define RAPIDJSON_TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define RAPIDJSON_TAIL() RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x70)
+        Ch c;
+        RAPIDJSON_COPY();
+        if (!(c & 0x80))
+            return true;
+
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+        case 2: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x50); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x10); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x20); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x60); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef RAPIDJSON_COPY
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TRANS
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TAIL
+    }
+
+    static unsigned char GetRange(unsigned char c) {
+        // Referring to DFA of http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
+        // With new mapping 1 -> 0x10, 7 -> 0x20, 9 -> 0x40, such that AND operation can test multiple types.
+        static const unsigned char type[] = {
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,
+            0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            8,8,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+            10,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,3,3, 11,6,6,6,5,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+        };
+        return type[c];
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        typename InputByteStream::Ch c = Take(is);
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xEFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBBu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xEFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBBu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF16
+
+//! UTF-16 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2781
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 16-bit UTF-16 data. Default is wchar_t. C++11 may use char16_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF16LE and UTF16BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00));
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            *codepoint = (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF) << 10;
+            c = is.Take();
+            *codepoint |= (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF);
+            *codepoint += 0x10000;
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c;
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c = is.Take()));
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF)
+            return true;
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            os.Put(c = is.Take());
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 little endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16LE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16BE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take()));
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF32
+
+//! UTF-32 encoding. 
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 32-bit UTF-32 data. Default is unsigned. C++11 may use char32_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF32LE and UTF32BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        os.Put(codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        PutUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c = is.Take();
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c;
+        os.Put(c = is.Take());
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 little endian enocoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32LE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32BE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c; 
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take()));
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ASCII
+
+//! ASCII encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 7-bit ASCII data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct ASCII {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 0 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0X7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c));
+        return c <= 0x7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(Take(is));
+        return static_cast<Ch>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        (void)os;
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AutoUTF
+
+//! Runtime-specified UTF encoding type of a stream.
+enum UTFType {
+    kUTF8 = 0,      //!< UTF-8.
+    kUTF16LE = 1,   //!< UTF-16 little endian.
+    kUTF16BE = 2,   //!< UTF-16 big endian.
+    kUTF32LE = 3,   //!< UTF-32 little endian.
+    kUTF32BE = 4    //!< UTF-32 big endian.
+};
+
+//! Dynamically select encoding according to stream's runtime-specified UTF encoding type.
+/*! \note This class can be used with AutoUTFInputtStream and AutoUTFOutputStream, which provides GetType().
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct AutoUTF {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Encode) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(EncodeUnsafe) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        typedef bool (*DecodeFunc)(InputStream&, unsigned*);
+        static const DecodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Decode) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        typedef bool (*ValidateFunc)(InputStream&, OutputStream&);
+        static const ValidateFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Validate) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, os);
+    }
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Transcoder
+
+//! Encoding conversion.
+template<typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding>
+struct Transcoder {
+    //! Take one Unicode codepoint from source encoding, convert it to target encoding and put it to the output stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::Encode(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::EncodeUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Transcode(is, os);   // Since source/target encoding is different, must transcode.
+    }
+};
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutUnsafe(Stream& stream, typename Stream::Ch c);
+
+//! Specialization of Transcoder with same source and target encoding.
+template<typename Encoding>
+struct Transcoder<Encoding, Encoding> {
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        os.Put(is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        PutUnsafe(os, is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Encoding::Validate(is, os);  // source/target encoding are the same
+    }
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__))
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/error/en.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/error/en.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c87b04eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/error/en.h
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+
+#include "error.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(covered-switch-default)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Maps error code of parsing into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param parseErrorCode Error code obtained in parsing.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetParseError_En(ParseErrorCode parseErrorCode) {
+    switch (parseErrorCode) {
+        case kParseErrorNone:                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+        case kParseErrorDocumentEmpty:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document is empty.");
+        case kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document root must not be followed by other values.");
+
+        case kParseErrorValueInvalid:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid value.");
+
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissName:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a name for object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissColon:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a colon after a name of object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.");
+
+        case kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.");
+
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The surrogate pair in string is invalid.");
+        case kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid escape character in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a closing quotation mark in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid encoding in string.");
+
+        case kParseErrorNumberTooBig:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number too big to be stored in double.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissFraction:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss fraction part in number.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissExponent:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss exponent in number.");
+
+        case kParseErrorTermination:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Terminate parsing due to Handler error.");
+        case kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unspecific syntax error.");
+
+        default:                                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+}
+
+//! Maps error code of validation into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param validateErrorCode Error code obtained from validator.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetValidateError_En(ValidateErrorCode validateErrorCode) {
+    switch (validateErrorCode) {
+        case kValidateErrors:                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("One or more validation errors have occurred");
+        case kValidateErrorNone:                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMultipleOf:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is not a multiple of the 'multipleOf' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMaximum:                     return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is greater than the 'maximum' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is greater than or equal to the 'exclusiveMaximum' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinimum:                     return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is less than the 'minimum' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is less than or equal to the 'exclusiveMinimum' value '%expected'.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMaxLength:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("String '%actual' is longer than the 'maxLength' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinLength:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("String '%actual' is shorter than the 'minLength' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorPattern:                     return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("String '%actual' does not match the 'pattern' regular expression.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMaxItems:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array of length '%actual' is longer than the 'maxItems' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinItems:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array of length '%actual' is shorter than the 'minItems' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorUniqueItems:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array has duplicate items at indices '%duplicates' but 'uniqueItems' is true.");
+        case kValidateErrorAdditionalItems:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array has an additional item at index '%disallowed' that is not allowed by the schema.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMaxProperties:               return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has '%actual' members which is more than 'maxProperties' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinProperties:               return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has '%actual' members which is less than 'minProperties' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorRequired:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object is missing the following members required by the schema: '%missing'.");
+        case kValidateErrorAdditionalProperties:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has an additional member '%disallowed' that is not allowed by the schema.");
+        case kValidateErrorPatternProperties:           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has 'patternProperties' that are not allowed by the schema.");
+        case kValidateErrorDependencies:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has missing property or schema dependencies, refer to following errors.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorEnum:                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property has a value that is not one of its allowed enumerated values.");
+        case kValidateErrorType:                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property has a type '%actual' that is not in the following list: '%expected'.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorOneOf:                       return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf', refer to following errors.");
+        case kValidateErrorOneOfMatch:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property matched more than one of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf', indices '%matches'.");
+        case kValidateErrorAllOf:                       return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property did not match all of the sub-schemas specified by 'allOf', refer to following errors.");
+        case kValidateErrorAnyOf:                       return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'anyOf', refer to following errors.");
+        case kValidateErrorNot:                         return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property matched the sub-schema specified by 'not'.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorReadOnly:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property is read-only but has been provided when validation is for writing.");
+        case kValidateErrorWriteOnly:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property is write-only but has been provided when validation is for reading.");
+
+        default:                                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+}
+
+//! Maps error code of schema document compilation into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param schemaErrorCode Error code obtained from compiling the schema document.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+  inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetSchemaError_En(SchemaErrorCode schemaErrorCode) {
+      switch (schemaErrorCode) {
+          case kSchemaErrorNone:                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+          case kSchemaErrorStartUnknown:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Pointer '%value' to start of schema does not resolve to a location in the document.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRefPlainName:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("$ref fragment '%value' must be a JSON pointer.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRefInvalid:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("$ref must not be an empty string.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRefPointerInvalid:           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("$ref fragment '%value' is not a valid JSON pointer at offset '%offset'.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRefUnknown:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("$ref '%value' does not resolve to a location in the target document.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRefCyclical:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("$ref '%value' is cyclical.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteProvider:         return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("$ref is remote but there is no remote provider.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteSchema:           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("$ref '%value' is remote but the remote provider did not return a schema.");
+          case kSchemaErrorRegexInvalid:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid regular expression '%value' in 'pattern' or 'patternProperties'.");
+          case kSchemaErrorSpecUnknown:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("JSON schema draft or OpenAPI version is not recognized.");
+          case kSchemaErrorSpecUnsupported:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("JSON schema draft or OpenAPI version is not supported.");
+          case kSchemaErrorSpecIllegal:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Both JSON schema draft and OpenAPI version found in document.");
+          case kSchemaErrorReadOnlyAndWriteOnly:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property must not be both 'readOnly' and 'writeOnly'.");
+
+          default:                                      return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+  }
+
+//! Maps error code of pointer parse into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param pointerParseErrorCode Error code obtained from pointer parse.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetPointerParseError_En(PointerParseErrorCode pointerParseErrorCode) {
+    switch (pointerParseErrorCode) {
+        case kPointerParseErrorNone:                       return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+        case kPointerParseErrorTokenMustBeginWithSolidus:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("A token must begin with a '/'.");
+        case kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape:              return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid escape.");
+        case kPointerParseErrorInvalidPercentEncoding:     return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid percent encoding in URI fragment.");
+        case kPointerParseErrorCharacterMustPercentEncode: return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("A character must be percent encoded in a URI fragment.");
+
+        default:                                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/error/error.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/error/error.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cae345db3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/error/error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+/*! \file error.h */
+
+/*! \defgroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS RapidJSON error handling */
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+
+//! Character type of error messages.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    The default character type is \c char.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c TCHAR for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE char
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+
+//! Macro for converting string literal to \ref RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE[].
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    By default this conversion macro does nothing.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c _T(x) for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING(x) x
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ParseErrorCode
+
+//! Error code of parsing.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericReader::GetParseErrorCode
+*/
+enum ParseErrorCode {
+    kParseErrorNone = 0,                        //!< No error.
+
+    kParseErrorDocumentEmpty,                   //!< The document is empty.
+    kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular,         //!< The document root must not follow by other values.
+
+    kParseErrorValueInvalid,                    //!< Invalid value.
+
+    kParseErrorObjectMissName,                  //!< Missing a name for object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissColon,                 //!< Missing a colon after a name of object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.
+
+    kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.
+
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex,   //!< Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid,   //!< The surrogate pair in string is invalid.
+    kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid,             //!< Invalid escape character in string.
+    kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark,         //!< Missing a closing quotation mark in string.
+    kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding,           //!< Invalid encoding in string.
+
+    kParseErrorNumberTooBig,                    //!< Number too big to be stored in double.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissFraction,              //!< Miss fraction part in number.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissExponent,              //!< Miss exponent in number.
+
+    kParseErrorTermination,                     //!< Parsing was terminated.
+    kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError            //!< Unspecific syntax error.
+};
+
+//! Result of parsing (wraps ParseErrorCode)
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \code
+        Document doc;
+        ParseResult ok = doc.Parse("[42]");
+        if (!ok) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "JSON parse error: %s (%u)",
+                    GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    \endcode
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericDocument::Parse
+*/
+struct ParseResult {
+    //!! Unspecified boolean type
+    typedef bool (ParseResult::*BooleanType)() const;
+public:
+    //! Default constructor, no error.
+    ParseResult() : code_(kParseErrorNone), offset_(0) {}
+    //! Constructor to set an error.
+    ParseResult(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset) : code_(code), offset_(offset) {}
+
+    //! Get the error code.
+    ParseErrorCode Code() const { return code_; }
+    //! Get the error offset, if \ref IsError(), 0 otherwise.
+    size_t Offset() const { return offset_; }
+
+    //! Explicit conversion to \c bool, returns \c true, iff !\ref IsError().
+    operator BooleanType() const { return !IsError() ? &ParseResult::IsError : NULL; }
+    //! Whether the result is an error.
+    bool IsError() const { return code_ != kParseErrorNone; }
+
+    bool operator==(const ParseResult& that) const { return code_ == that.code_; }
+    bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code) const { return code_ == code; }
+    friend bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code, const ParseResult & err) { return code == err.code_; }
+
+    bool operator!=(const ParseResult& that) const { return !(*this == that); }
+    bool operator!=(ParseErrorCode code) const { return !(*this == code); }
+    friend bool operator!=(ParseErrorCode code, const ParseResult & err) { return err != code; }
+
+    //! Reset error code.
+    void Clear() { Set(kParseErrorNone); }
+    //! Update error code and offset.
+    void Set(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset = 0) { code_ = code; offset_ = offset; }
+
+private:
+    ParseErrorCode code_;
+    size_t offset_;
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetParseError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetParseError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetParseErrorFunc GetParseError = GetParseError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetParseError(document.GetParseErrorCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetParseErrorFunc)(ParseErrorCode);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ValidateErrorCode
+
+//! Error codes when validating.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericSchemaValidator
+*/
+enum ValidateErrorCode {
+    kValidateErrors    = -1,                   //!< Top level error code when kValidateContinueOnErrorsFlag set.
+    kValidateErrorNone = 0,                    //!< No error.
+
+    kValidateErrorMultipleOf,                  //!< Number is not a multiple of the 'multipleOf' value.
+    kValidateErrorMaximum,                     //!< Number is greater than the 'maximum' value.
+    kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum,            //!< Number is greater than or equal to the 'maximum' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinimum,                     //!< Number is less than the 'minimum' value.
+    kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum,            //!< Number is less than or equal to the 'minimum' value.
+
+    kValidateErrorMaxLength,                   //!< String is longer than the 'maxLength' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinLength,                   //!< String is longer than the 'maxLength' value.
+    kValidateErrorPattern,                     //!< String does not match the 'pattern' regular expression.
+
+    kValidateErrorMaxItems,                    //!< Array is longer than the 'maxItems' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinItems,                    //!< Array is shorter than the 'minItems' value.
+    kValidateErrorUniqueItems,                 //!< Array has duplicate items but 'uniqueItems' is true.
+    kValidateErrorAdditionalItems,             //!< Array has additional items that are not allowed by the schema.
+
+    kValidateErrorMaxProperties,               //!< Object has more members than 'maxProperties' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinProperties,               //!< Object has less members than 'minProperties' value.
+    kValidateErrorRequired,                    //!< Object is missing one or more members required by the schema.
+    kValidateErrorAdditionalProperties,        //!< Object has additional members that are not allowed by the schema.
+    kValidateErrorPatternProperties,           //!< See other errors.
+    kValidateErrorDependencies,                //!< Object has missing property or schema dependencies.
+
+    kValidateErrorEnum,                        //!< Property has a value that is not one of its allowed enumerated values.
+    kValidateErrorType,                        //!< Property has a type that is not allowed by the schema.
+
+    kValidateErrorOneOf,                       //!< Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf'.
+    kValidateErrorOneOfMatch,                  //!< Property matched more than one of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf'.
+    kValidateErrorAllOf,                       //!< Property did not match all of the sub-schemas specified by 'allOf'.
+    kValidateErrorAnyOf,                       //!< Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'anyOf'.
+    kValidateErrorNot,                         //!< Property matched the sub-schema specified by 'not'.
+
+    kValidateErrorReadOnly,                    //!< Property is read-only but has been provided when validation is for writing
+    kValidateErrorWriteOnly                    //!< Property is write-only but has been provided when validation is for reading
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetValidateError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetValidateError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetValidateErrorFunc GetValidateError = GetValidateError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetValidateError(validator.GetInvalidSchemaCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetValidateErrorFunc)(ValidateErrorCode);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SchemaErrorCode
+
+//! Error codes when validating.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericSchemaValidator
+*/
+enum SchemaErrorCode {
+    kSchemaErrorNone = 0,                      //!< No error.
+
+    kSchemaErrorStartUnknown,                  //!< Pointer to start of schema does not resolve to a location in the document
+    kSchemaErrorRefPlainName,                  //!< $ref fragment must be a JSON pointer
+    kSchemaErrorRefInvalid,                    //!< $ref must not be an empty string
+    kSchemaErrorRefPointerInvalid,             //!< $ref fragment is not a valid JSON pointer at offset
+    kSchemaErrorRefUnknown,                    //!< $ref does not resolve to a location in the target document
+    kSchemaErrorRefCyclical,                   //!< $ref is cyclical
+    kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteProvider,           //!< $ref is remote but there is no remote provider
+    kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteSchema,             //!< $ref is remote but the remote provider did not return a schema
+    kSchemaErrorRegexInvalid,                  //!< Invalid regular expression in 'pattern' or 'patternProperties'
+    kSchemaErrorSpecUnknown,                   //!< JSON schema draft or OpenAPI version is not recognized
+    kSchemaErrorSpecUnsupported,               //!< JSON schema draft or OpenAPI version is not supported
+    kSchemaErrorSpecIllegal,                   //!< Both JSON schema draft and OpenAPI version found in document
+    kSchemaErrorReadOnlyAndWriteOnly           //!< Property must not be both 'readOnly' and 'writeOnly'
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetSchemaError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetSchemaError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetSchemaErrorFunc GetSchemaError = GetSchemaError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetSchemaError(validator.GetInvalidSchemaCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetSchemaErrorFunc)(SchemaErrorCode);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// PointerParseErrorCode
+
+//! Error code of JSON pointer parsing.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericPointer::GenericPointer, GenericPointer::GetParseErrorCode
+*/
+enum PointerParseErrorCode {
+    kPointerParseErrorNone = 0,                     //!< The parse is successful
+
+    kPointerParseErrorTokenMustBeginWithSolidus,    //!< A token must begin with a '/'
+    kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape,                //!< Invalid escape
+    kPointerParseErrorInvalidPercentEncoding,       //!< Invalid percent encoding in URI fragment
+    kPointerParseErrorCharacterMustPercentEncode    //!< A character must percent encoded in URI fragment
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetPointerParseError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetPointerParseError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetPointerParseErrorFunc GetPointerParseError = GetPointerParseError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetPointerParseError(pointer.GetParseErrorCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetPointerParseErrorFunc)(PointerParseErrorCode);
+
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/filereadstream.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/filereadstream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8bb43cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/filereadstream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(missing-noreturn)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! File byte stream for input using fread().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileReadStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type (byte).
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param fp File pointer opened for read.
+        \param buffer user-supplied buffer.
+        \param bufferSize size of buffer in bytes. Must >=4 bytes.
+    */
+    FileReadStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferSize_(bufferSize), bufferLast_(0), current_(buffer_), readCount_(0), count_(0), eof_(false) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(bufferSize >= 4);
+        Read();
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = *current_; Read(); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return count_ + static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return (current_ + 4 - !eof_ <= bufferLast_) ? current_ : 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    void Read() {
+        if (current_ < bufferLast_)
+            ++current_;
+        else if (!eof_) {
+            count_ += readCount_;
+            readCount_ = std::fread(buffer_, 1, bufferSize_, fp_);
+            bufferLast_ = buffer_ + readCount_ - 1;
+            current_ = buffer_;
+
+            if (readCount_ < bufferSize_) {
+                buffer_[readCount_] = '\0';
+                ++bufferLast_;
+                eof_ = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    Ch *buffer_;
+    size_t bufferSize_;
+    Ch *bufferLast_;
+    Ch *current_;
+    size_t readCount_;
+    size_t count_;  //!< Number of characters read
+    bool eof_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/filewritestream.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/filewritestream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d89588c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/filewritestream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of C file stream for output using fwrite().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileWriteStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type. Only support char.
+
+    FileWriteStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferEnd_(buffer + bufferSize), current_(buffer_) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+    }
+
+    void Put(char c) { 
+        if (current_ >= bufferEnd_)
+            Flush();
+
+        *current_++ = c;
+    }
+
+    void PutN(char c, size_t n) {
+        size_t avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        while (n > avail) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, avail);
+            current_ += avail;
+            Flush();
+            n -= avail;
+            avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        }
+
+        if (n > 0) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, n);
+            current_ += n;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+        if (current_ != buffer_) {
+            size_t result = std::fwrite(buffer_, 1, static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_), fp_);
+            if (result < static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_)) {
+                // failure deliberately ignored at this time
+                // added to avoid warn_unused_result build errors
+            }
+            current_ = buffer_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    char Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(char*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    FileWriteStream(const FileWriteStream&);
+    FileWriteStream& operator=(const FileWriteStream&);
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    char *buffer_;
+    char *bufferEnd_;
+    char *current_;
+};
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(FileWriteStream& stream, char c, size_t n) {
+    stream.PutN(c, n);
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/fwd.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/fwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d62f77f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/fwd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FWD_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FWD_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// encodings.h
+
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF8;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16BE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16LE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32BE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32LE;
+template<typename CharType> struct ASCII;
+template<typename CharType> struct AutoUTF;
+
+template<typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding>
+struct Transcoder;
+
+// allocators.h
+
+class CrtAllocator;
+
+template <typename BaseAllocator>
+class MemoryPoolAllocator;
+
+// stream.h
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericStringStream;
+
+typedef GenericStringStream<UTF8<char> > StringStream;
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericInsituStringStream;
+
+typedef GenericInsituStringStream<UTF8<char> > InsituStringStream;
+
+// stringbuffer.h
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericStringBuffer;
+
+typedef GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<char>, CrtAllocator> StringBuffer;
+
+// filereadstream.h
+
+class FileReadStream;
+
+// filewritestream.h
+
+class FileWriteStream;
+
+// memorybuffer.h
+
+template <typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemoryBuffer;
+
+typedef GenericMemoryBuffer<CrtAllocator> MemoryBuffer;
+
+// memorystream.h
+
+struct MemoryStream;
+
+// reader.h
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Derived>
+struct BaseReaderHandler;
+
+template <typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericReader;
+
+typedef GenericReader<UTF8<char>, UTF8<char>, CrtAllocator> Reader;
+
+// writer.h
+
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator, unsigned writeFlags>
+class Writer;
+
+// prettywriter.h
+
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator, unsigned writeFlags>
+class PrettyWriter;
+
+// document.h
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+class GenericMember;
+
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+template<typename CharType>
+struct GenericStringRef;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+class GenericValue;
+
+typedef GenericValue<UTF8<char>, MemoryPoolAllocator<CrtAllocator> > Value;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericDocument;
+
+typedef GenericDocument<UTF8<char>, MemoryPoolAllocator<CrtAllocator>, CrtAllocator> Document;
+
+// pointer.h
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator>
+class GenericPointer;
+
+typedef GenericPointer<Value, CrtAllocator> Pointer;
+
+// schema.h
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+template <typename ValueT, typename Allocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument;
+
+typedef GenericSchemaDocument<Value, CrtAllocator> SchemaDocument;
+typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<SchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+template <
+    typename SchemaDocumentType,
+    typename OutputHandler,
+    typename StateAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaValidator;
+
+typedef GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocument, BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<char>, void>, CrtAllocator> SchemaValidator;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSONFWD_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4930043dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#include <intrin.h> // for _umul128
+#if !defined(_ARM64EC_)
+#pragma intrinsic(_umul128)
+#else
+#pragma comment(lib,"softintrin")
+#endif
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+class BigInteger {
+public:
+    typedef uint64_t Type;
+
+    BigInteger(const BigInteger& rhs) : count_(rhs.count_) {
+        std::memcpy(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type));
+    }
+
+    explicit BigInteger(uint64_t u) : count_(1) {
+        digits_[0] = u;
+    }
+
+    template<typename Ch>
+    BigInteger(const Ch* decimals, size_t length) : count_(1) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length > 0);
+        digits_[0] = 0;
+        size_t i = 0;
+        const size_t kMaxDigitPerIteration = 19;  // 2^64 = 18446744073709551616 > 10^19
+        while (length >= kMaxDigitPerIteration) {
+            AppendDecimal64(decimals + i, decimals + i + kMaxDigitPerIteration);
+            length -= kMaxDigitPerIteration;
+            i += kMaxDigitPerIteration;
+        }
+
+        if (length > 0)
+            AppendDecimal64(decimals + i, decimals + i + length);
+    }
+    
+    BigInteger& operator=(const BigInteger &rhs)
+    {
+        if (this != &rhs) {
+            count_ = rhs.count_;
+            std::memcpy(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type));
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+    
+    BigInteger& operator=(uint64_t u) {
+        digits_[0] = u;            
+        count_ = 1;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator+=(uint64_t u) {
+        Type backup = digits_[0];
+        digits_[0] += u;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_ - 1; i++) {
+            if (digits_[i] >= backup)
+                return *this; // no carry
+            backup = digits_[i + 1];
+            digits_[i + 1] += 1;
+        }
+
+        // Last carry
+        if (digits_[count_ - 1] < backup)
+            PushBack(1);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator*=(uint64_t u) {
+        if (u == 0) return *this = 0;
+        if (u == 1) return *this;
+        if (*this == 1) return *this = u;
+
+        uint64_t k = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_; i++) {
+            uint64_t hi;
+            digits_[i] = MulAdd64(digits_[i], u, k, &hi);
+            k = hi;
+        }
+        
+        if (k > 0)
+            PushBack(k);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator*=(uint32_t u) {
+        if (u == 0) return *this = 0;
+        if (u == 1) return *this;
+        if (*this == 1) return *this = u;
+
+        uint64_t k = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_; i++) {
+            const uint64_t c = digits_[i] >> 32;
+            const uint64_t d = digits_[i] & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+            const uint64_t uc = u * c;
+            const uint64_t ud = u * d;
+            const uint64_t p0 = ud + k;
+            const uint64_t p1 = uc + (p0 >> 32);
+            digits_[i] = (p0 & 0xFFFFFFFF) | (p1 << 32);
+            k = p1 >> 32;
+        }
+        
+        if (k > 0)
+            PushBack(k);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator<<=(size_t shift) {
+        if (IsZero() || shift == 0) return *this;
+
+        size_t offset = shift / kTypeBit;
+        size_t interShift = shift % kTypeBit;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(count_ + offset <= kCapacity);
+
+        if (interShift == 0) {
+            std::memmove(digits_ + offset, digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type));
+            count_ += offset;
+        }
+        else {
+            digits_[count_] = 0;
+            for (size_t i = count_; i > 0; i--)
+                digits_[i + offset] = (digits_[i] << interShift) | (digits_[i - 1] >> (kTypeBit - interShift));
+            digits_[offset] = digits_[0] << interShift;
+            count_ += offset;
+            if (digits_[count_])
+                count_++;
+        }
+
+        std::memset(digits_, 0, offset * sizeof(Type));
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const BigInteger& rhs) const {
+        return count_ == rhs.count_ && std::memcmp(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type)) == 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const Type rhs) const {
+        return count_ == 1 && digits_[0] == rhs;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& MultiplyPow5(unsigned exp) {
+        static const uint32_t kPow5[12] = {
+            5,
+            5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5
+        };
+        if (exp == 0) return *this;
+        for (; exp >= 27; exp -= 27) *this *= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0X6765C793, 0XFA10079D); // 5^27
+        for (; exp >= 13; exp -= 13) *this *= static_cast<uint32_t>(1220703125u); // 5^13
+        if (exp > 0)                 *this *= kPow5[exp - 1];
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Compute absolute difference of this and rhs.
+    // Assume this != rhs
+    bool Difference(const BigInteger& rhs, BigInteger* out) const {
+        int cmp = Compare(rhs);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(cmp != 0);
+        const BigInteger *a, *b;  // Makes a > b
+        bool ret;
+        if (cmp < 0) { a = &rhs; b = this; ret = true; }
+        else         { a = this; b = &rhs; ret = false; }
+
+        Type borrow = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < a->count_; i++) {
+            Type d = a->digits_[i] - borrow;
+            if (i < b->count_)
+                d -= b->digits_[i];
+            borrow = (d > a->digits_[i]) ? 1 : 0;
+            out->digits_[i] = d;
+            if (d != 0)
+                out->count_ = i + 1;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int Compare(const BigInteger& rhs) const {
+        if (count_ != rhs.count_)
+            return count_ < rhs.count_ ? -1 : 1;
+
+        for (size_t i = count_; i-- > 0;)
+            if (digits_[i] != rhs.digits_[i])
+                return digits_[i] < rhs.digits_[i] ? -1 : 1;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    size_t GetCount() const { return count_; }
+    Type GetDigit(size_t index) const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < count_); return digits_[index]; }
+    bool IsZero() const { return count_ == 1 && digits_[0] == 0; }
+
+private:
+    template<typename Ch>
+    void AppendDecimal64(const Ch* begin, const Ch* end) {
+        uint64_t u = ParseUint64(begin, end);
+        if (IsZero())
+            *this = u;
+        else {
+            unsigned exp = static_cast<unsigned>(end - begin);
+            (MultiplyPow5(exp) <<= exp) += u;   // *this = *this * 10^exp + u
+        }
+    }
+
+    void PushBack(Type digit) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(count_ < kCapacity);
+        digits_[count_++] = digit;
+    }
+
+    template<typename Ch>
+    static uint64_t ParseUint64(const Ch* begin, const Ch* end) {
+        uint64_t r = 0;
+        for (const Ch* p = begin; p != end; ++p) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(*p >= Ch('0') && *p <= Ch('9'));
+            r = r * 10u + static_cast<unsigned>(*p - Ch('0'));
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    // Assume a * b + k < 2^128
+    static uint64_t MulAdd64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b, uint64_t k, uint64_t* outHigh) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        uint64_t low = _umul128(a, b, outHigh) + k;
+        if (low < k)
+            (*outHigh)++;
+        return low;
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)) && defined(__x86_64__)
+        __extension__ typedef unsigned __int128 uint128;
+        uint128 p = static_cast<uint128>(a) * static_cast<uint128>(b);
+        p += k;
+        *outHigh = static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+        return static_cast<uint64_t>(p);
+#else
+        const uint64_t a0 = a & 0xFFFFFFFF, a1 = a >> 32, b0 = b & 0xFFFFFFFF, b1 = b >> 32;
+        uint64_t x0 = a0 * b0, x1 = a0 * b1, x2 = a1 * b0, x3 = a1 * b1;
+        x1 += (x0 >> 32); // can't give carry
+        x1 += x2;
+        if (x1 < x2)
+            x3 += (static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << 32);
+        uint64_t lo = (x1 << 32) + (x0 & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+        uint64_t hi = x3 + (x1 >> 32);
+
+        lo += k;
+        if (lo < k)
+            hi++;
+        *outHigh = hi;
+        return lo;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kBitCount = 3328;  // 64bit * 54 > 10^1000
+    static const size_t kCapacity = kBitCount / sizeof(Type);
+    static const size_t kTypeBit = sizeof(Type) * 8;
+
+    Type digits_[kCapacity];
+    size_t count_;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/clzll.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/clzll.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fc5118aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/clzll.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_CLZLL_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_CLZLL_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(UNDER_CE)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#if defined(_WIN64)
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse64)
+#else
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+inline uint32_t clzll(uint64_t x) {
+    // Passing 0 to __builtin_clzll is UB in GCC and results in an
+    // infinite loop in the software implementation.
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x != 0);
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(UNDER_CE)
+    unsigned long r = 0;
+#if defined(_WIN64)
+    _BitScanReverse64(&r, x);
+#else
+    // Scan the high 32 bits.
+    if (_BitScanReverse(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32)))
+        return 63 - (r + 32);
+
+    // Scan the low 32 bits.
+    _BitScanReverse(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x & 0xFFFFFFFF));
+#endif // _WIN64
+
+    return 63 - r;
+#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4) || RAPIDJSON_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_clzll)
+    // __builtin_clzll wrapper
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(__builtin_clzll(x));
+#else
+    // naive version
+    uint32_t r = 0;
+    while (!(x & (static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << 63))) {
+        x <<= 1;
+        ++r;
+    }
+
+    return r;
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+}
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_CLZLL RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::clzll
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_CLZLL_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f60fb60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+// This is a C++ header-only implementation of Grisu2 algorithm from the publication:
+// Loitsch, Florian. "Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately with
+// integers." ACM Sigplan Notices 45.6 (2010): 233-243.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+#include "clzll.h"
+#include <limits>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#if !defined(_ARM64EC_)
+#pragma intrinsic(_umul128)
+#else
+#pragma comment(lib,"softintrin")
+#endif
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+struct DiyFp {
+    DiyFp() : f(), e() {}
+
+    DiyFp(uint64_t fp, int exp) : f(fp), e(exp) {}
+
+    explicit DiyFp(double d) {
+        union {
+            double d;
+            uint64_t u64;
+        } u = { d };
+
+        int biased_e = static_cast<int>((u.u64 & kDpExponentMask) >> kDpSignificandSize);
+        uint64_t significand = (u.u64 & kDpSignificandMask);
+        if (biased_e != 0) {
+            f = significand + kDpHiddenBit;
+            e = biased_e - kDpExponentBias;
+        }
+        else {
+            f = significand;
+            e = kDpMinExponent + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    DiyFp operator-(const DiyFp& rhs) const {
+        return DiyFp(f - rhs.f, e);
+    }
+
+    DiyFp operator*(const DiyFp& rhs) const {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        uint64_t h;
+        uint64_t l = _umul128(f, rhs.f, &h);
+        if (l & (uint64_t(1) << 63)) // rounding
+            h++;
+        return DiyFp(h, e + rhs.e + 64);
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)) && defined(__x86_64__)
+        __extension__ typedef unsigned __int128 uint128;
+        uint128 p = static_cast<uint128>(f) * static_cast<uint128>(rhs.f);
+        uint64_t h = static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+        uint64_t l = static_cast<uint64_t>(p);
+        if (l & (uint64_t(1) << 63)) // rounding
+            h++;
+        return DiyFp(h, e + rhs.e + 64);
+#else
+        const uint64_t M32 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        const uint64_t a = f >> 32;
+        const uint64_t b = f & M32;
+        const uint64_t c = rhs.f >> 32;
+        const uint64_t d = rhs.f & M32;
+        const uint64_t ac = a * c;
+        const uint64_t bc = b * c;
+        const uint64_t ad = a * d;
+        const uint64_t bd = b * d;
+        uint64_t tmp = (bd >> 32) + (ad & M32) + (bc & M32);
+        tmp += 1U << 31;  /// mult_round
+        return DiyFp(ac + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32) + (tmp >> 32), e + rhs.e + 64);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    DiyFp Normalize() const {
+        int s = static_cast<int>(clzll(f));
+        return DiyFp(f << s, e - s);
+    }
+
+    DiyFp NormalizeBoundary() const {
+        DiyFp res = *this;
+        while (!(res.f & (kDpHiddenBit << 1))) {
+            res.f <<= 1;
+            res.e--;
+        }
+        res.f <<= (kDiySignificandSize - kDpSignificandSize - 2);
+        res.e = res.e - (kDiySignificandSize - kDpSignificandSize - 2);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    void NormalizedBoundaries(DiyFp* minus, DiyFp* plus) const {
+        DiyFp pl = DiyFp((f << 1) + 1, e - 1).NormalizeBoundary();
+        DiyFp mi = (f == kDpHiddenBit) ? DiyFp((f << 2) - 1, e - 2) : DiyFp((f << 1) - 1, e - 1);
+        mi.f <<= mi.e - pl.e;
+        mi.e = pl.e;
+        *plus = pl;
+        *minus = mi;
+    }
+
+    double ToDouble() const {
+        union {
+            double d;
+            uint64_t u64;
+        }u;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(f <= kDpHiddenBit + kDpSignificandMask);
+        if (e < kDpDenormalExponent) {
+            // Underflow.
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+        if (e >= kDpMaxExponent) {
+            // Overflow.
+            return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+        }
+        const uint64_t be = (e == kDpDenormalExponent && (f & kDpHiddenBit) == 0) ? 0 :
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(e + kDpExponentBias);
+        u.u64 = (f & kDpSignificandMask) | (be << kDpSignificandSize);
+        return u.d;
+    }
+
+    static const int kDiySignificandSize = 64;
+    static const int kDpSignificandSize = 52;
+    static const int kDpExponentBias = 0x3FF + kDpSignificandSize;
+    static const int kDpMaxExponent = 0x7FF - kDpExponentBias;
+    static const int kDpMinExponent = -kDpExponentBias;
+    static const int kDpDenormalExponent = -kDpExponentBias + 1;
+    static const uint64_t kDpExponentMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x7FF00000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kDpSignificandMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x000FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    static const uint64_t kDpHiddenBit = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    uint64_t f;
+    int e;
+};
+
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPowerByIndex(size_t index) {
+    // 10^-348, 10^-340, ..., 10^340
+    static const uint64_t kCachedPowers_F[] = {
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfa8fd5a0, 0x081c0288), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbaaee17f, 0xa23ebf76),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8b16fb20, 0x3055ac76), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcf42894a, 0x5dce35ea),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9a6bb0aa, 0x55653b2d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe61acf03, 0x3d1a45df),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xab70fe17, 0xc79ac6ca), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xff77b1fc, 0xbebcdc4f),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbe5691ef, 0x416bd60c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8dd01fad, 0x907ffc3c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd3515c28, 0x31559a83), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9d71ac8f, 0xada6c9b5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xea9c2277, 0x23ee8bcb), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaecc4991, 0x4078536d),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x823c1279, 0x5db6ce57), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc2109436, 0x4dfb5637),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9096ea6f, 0x3848984f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd77485cb, 0x25823ac7),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa086cfcd, 0x97bf97f4), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xef340a98, 0x172aace5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb23867fb, 0x2a35b28e), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x84c8d4df, 0xd2c63f3b),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc5dd4427, 0x1ad3cdba), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x936b9fce, 0xbb25c996),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xdbac6c24, 0x7d62a584), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa3ab6658, 0x0d5fdaf6),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf3e2f893, 0xdec3f126), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb5b5ada8, 0xaaff80b8),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x87625f05, 0x6c7c4a8b), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc9bcff60, 0x34c13053),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x964e858c, 0x91ba2655), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xdff97724, 0x70297ebd),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa6dfbd9f, 0xb8e5b88f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf8a95fcf, 0x88747d94),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb9447093, 0x8fa89bcf), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8a08f0f8, 0xbf0f156b),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcdb02555, 0x653131b6), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x993fe2c6, 0xd07b7fac),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe45c10c4, 0x2a2b3b06), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaa242499, 0x697392d3),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfd87b5f2, 0x8300ca0e), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbce50864, 0x92111aeb),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8cbccc09, 0x6f5088cc), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd1b71758, 0xe219652c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9c400000, 0x00000000), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe8d4a510, 0x00000000),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xad78ebc5, 0xac620000), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x813f3978, 0xf8940984),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc097ce7b, 0xc90715b3), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8f7e32ce, 0x7bea5c70),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd5d238a4, 0xabe98068), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9f4f2726, 0x179a2245),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xed63a231, 0xd4c4fb27), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb0de6538, 0x8cc8ada8),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x83c7088e, 0x1aab65db), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc45d1df9, 0x42711d9a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x924d692c, 0xa61be758), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xda01ee64, 0x1a708dea),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa26da399, 0x9aef774a), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf209787b, 0xb47d6b85),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb454e4a1, 0x79dd1877), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x865b8692, 0x5b9bc5c2),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc83553c5, 0xc8965d3d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x952ab45c, 0xfa97a0b3),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xde469fbd, 0x99a05fe3), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa59bc234, 0xdb398c25),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf6c69a72, 0xa3989f5c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb7dcbf53, 0x54e9bece),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x88fcf317, 0xf22241e2), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcc20ce9b, 0xd35c78a5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x98165af3, 0x7b2153df), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe2a0b5dc, 0x971f303a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa8d9d153, 0x5ce3b396), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfb9b7cd9, 0xa4a7443c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbb764c4c, 0xa7a44410), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8bab8eef, 0xb6409c1a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd01fef10, 0xa657842c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9b10a4e5, 0xe9913129),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe7109bfb, 0xa19c0c9d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xac2820d9, 0x623bf429),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80444b5e, 0x7aa7cf85), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbf21e440, 0x03acdd2d),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8e679c2f, 0x5e44ff8f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd433179d, 0x9c8cb841),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9e19db92, 0xb4e31ba9), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xeb96bf6e, 0xbadf77d9),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaf87023b, 0x9bf0ee6b)
+    };
+    static const int16_t kCachedPowers_E[] = {
+        -1220, -1193, -1166, -1140, -1113, -1087, -1060, -1034, -1007,  -980,
+        -954,  -927,  -901,  -874,  -847,  -821,  -794,  -768,  -741,  -715,
+        -688,  -661,  -635,  -608,  -582,  -555,  -529,  -502,  -475,  -449,
+        -422,  -396,  -369,  -343,  -316,  -289,  -263,  -236,  -210,  -183,
+        -157,  -130,  -103,   -77,   -50,   -24,     3,    30,    56,    83,
+        109,   136,   162,   189,   216,   242,   269,   295,   322,   348,
+        375,   402,   428,   455,   481,   508,   534,   561,   588,   614,
+        641,   667,   694,   720,   747,   774,   800,   827,   853,   880,
+        907,   933,   960,   986,  1013,  1039,  1066
+    };
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < 87);
+    return DiyFp(kCachedPowers_F[index], kCachedPowers_E[index]);
+}
+
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPower(int e, int* K) {
+
+    //int k = static_cast<int>(ceil((-61 - e) * 0.30102999566398114)) + 374;
+    double dk = (-61 - e) * 0.30102999566398114 + 347;  // dk must be positive, so can do ceiling in positive
+    int k = static_cast<int>(dk);
+    if (dk - k > 0.0)
+        k++;
+
+    unsigned index = static_cast<unsigned>((k >> 3) + 1);
+    *K = -(-348 + static_cast<int>(index << 3));    // decimal exponent no need lookup table
+
+    return GetCachedPowerByIndex(index);
+}
+
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPower10(int exp, int *outExp) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(exp >= -348);
+    unsigned index = static_cast<unsigned>(exp + 348) / 8u;
+    *outExp = -348 + static_cast<int>(index) * 8;
+    return GetCachedPowerByIndex(index);
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd456721a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+// This is a C++ header-only implementation of Grisu2 algorithm from the publication:
+// Loitsch, Florian. "Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately with
+// integers." ACM Sigplan Notices 45.6 (2010): 233-243.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
+
+#include "itoa.h" // GetDigitsLut()
+#include "diyfp.h"
+#include "ieee754.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(array-bounds) // some gcc versions generate wrong warnings https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59124
+#endif
+
+inline void GrisuRound(char* buffer, int len, uint64_t delta, uint64_t rest, uint64_t ten_kappa, uint64_t wp_w) {
+    while (rest < wp_w && delta - rest >= ten_kappa &&
+           (rest + ten_kappa < wp_w ||  /// closer
+            wp_w - rest > rest + ten_kappa - wp_w)) {
+        buffer[len - 1]--;
+        rest += ten_kappa;
+    }
+}
+
+inline int CountDecimalDigit32(uint32_t n) {
+    // Simple pure C++ implementation was faster than __builtin_clz version in this situation.
+    if (n < 10) return 1;
+    if (n < 100) return 2;
+    if (n < 1000) return 3;
+    if (n < 10000) return 4;
+    if (n < 100000) return 5;
+    if (n < 1000000) return 6;
+    if (n < 10000000) return 7;
+    if (n < 100000000) return 8;
+    // Will not reach 10 digits in DigitGen()
+    //if (n < 1000000000) return 9;
+    //return 10;
+    return 9;
+}
+
+inline void DigitGen(const DiyFp& W, const DiyFp& Mp, uint64_t delta, char* buffer, int* len, int* K) {
+    static const uint64_t kPow10[] = { 1ULL, 10ULL, 100ULL, 1000ULL, 10000ULL, 100000ULL, 1000000ULL, 10000000ULL, 100000000ULL,
+                                       1000000000ULL, 10000000000ULL, 100000000000ULL, 1000000000000ULL,
+                                       10000000000000ULL, 100000000000000ULL, 1000000000000000ULL,
+                                       10000000000000000ULL, 100000000000000000ULL, 1000000000000000000ULL,
+                                       10000000000000000000ULL };
+    const DiyFp one(uint64_t(1) << -Mp.e, Mp.e);
+    const DiyFp wp_w = Mp - W;
+    uint32_t p1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(Mp.f >> -one.e);
+    uint64_t p2 = Mp.f & (one.f - 1);
+    int kappa = CountDecimalDigit32(p1); // kappa in [0, 9]
+    *len = 0;
+
+    while (kappa > 0) {
+        uint32_t d = 0;
+        switch (kappa) {
+            case  9: d = p1 /  100000000; p1 %=  100000000; break;
+            case  8: d = p1 /   10000000; p1 %=   10000000; break;
+            case  7: d = p1 /    1000000; p1 %=    1000000; break;
+            case  6: d = p1 /     100000; p1 %=     100000; break;
+            case  5: d = p1 /      10000; p1 %=      10000; break;
+            case  4: d = p1 /       1000; p1 %=       1000; break;
+            case  3: d = p1 /        100; p1 %=        100; break;
+            case  2: d = p1 /         10; p1 %=         10; break;
+            case  1: d = p1;              p1 =           0; break;
+            default:;
+        }
+        if (d || *len)
+            buffer[(*len)++] = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(d));
+        kappa--;
+        uint64_t tmp = (static_cast<uint64_t>(p1) << -one.e) + p2;
+        if (tmp <= delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            GrisuRound(buffer, *len, delta, tmp, kPow10[kappa] << -one.e, wp_w.f);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // kappa = 0
+    for (;;) {
+        p2 *= 10;
+        delta *= 10;
+        char d = static_cast<char>(p2 >> -one.e);
+        if (d || *len)
+            buffer[(*len)++] = static_cast<char>('0' + d);
+        p2 &= one.f - 1;
+        kappa--;
+        if (p2 < delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            int index = -kappa;
+            GrisuRound(buffer, *len, delta, p2, one.f, wp_w.f * (index < 20 ? kPow10[index] : 0));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline void Grisu2(double value, char* buffer, int* length, int* K) {
+    const DiyFp v(value);
+    DiyFp w_m, w_p;
+    v.NormalizedBoundaries(&w_m, &w_p);
+
+    const DiyFp c_mk = GetCachedPower(w_p.e, K);
+    const DiyFp W = v.Normalize() * c_mk;
+    DiyFp Wp = w_p * c_mk;
+    DiyFp Wm = w_m * c_mk;
+    Wm.f++;
+    Wp.f--;
+    DigitGen(W, Wp, Wp.f - Wm.f, buffer, length, K);
+}
+
+inline char* WriteExponent(int K, char* buffer) {
+    if (K < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        K = -K;
+    }
+
+    if (K >= 100) {
+        *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(K / 100));
+        K %= 100;
+        const char* d = GetDigitsLut() + K * 2;
+        *buffer++ = d[0];
+        *buffer++ = d[1];
+    }
+    else if (K >= 10) {
+        const char* d = GetDigitsLut() + K * 2;
+        *buffer++ = d[0];
+        *buffer++ = d[1];
+    }
+    else
+        *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(K));
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* Prettify(char* buffer, int length, int k, int maxDecimalPlaces) {
+    const int kk = length + k;  // 10^(kk-1) <= v < 10^kk
+
+    if (0 <= k && kk <= 21) {
+        // 1234e7 -> 12340000000
+        for (int i = length; i < kk; i++)
+            buffer[i] = '0';
+        buffer[kk] = '.';
+        buffer[kk + 1] = '0';
+        return &buffer[kk + 2];
+    }
+    else if (0 < kk && kk <= 21) {
+        // 1234e-2 -> 12.34
+        std::memmove(&buffer[kk + 1], &buffer[kk], static_cast<size_t>(length - kk));
+        buffer[kk] = '.';
+        if (0 > k + maxDecimalPlaces) {
+            // When maxDecimalPlaces = 2, 1.2345 -> 1.23, 1.102 -> 1.1
+            // Remove extra trailing zeros (at least one) after truncation.
+            for (int i = kk + maxDecimalPlaces; i > kk + 1; i--)
+                if (buffer[i] != '0')
+                    return &buffer[i + 1];
+            return &buffer[kk + 2]; // Reserve one zero
+        }
+        else
+            return &buffer[length + 1];
+    }
+    else if (-6 < kk && kk <= 0) {
+        // 1234e-6 -> 0.001234
+        const int offset = 2 - kk;
+        std::memmove(&buffer[offset], &buffer[0], static_cast<size_t>(length));
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        for (int i = 2; i < offset; i++)
+            buffer[i] = '0';
+        if (length - kk > maxDecimalPlaces) {
+            // When maxDecimalPlaces = 2, 0.123 -> 0.12, 0.102 -> 0.1
+            // Remove extra trailing zeros (at least one) after truncation.
+            for (int i = maxDecimalPlaces + 1; i > 2; i--)
+                if (buffer[i] != '0')
+                    return &buffer[i + 1];
+            return &buffer[3]; // Reserve one zero
+        }
+        else
+            return &buffer[length + offset];
+    }
+    else if (kk < -maxDecimalPlaces) {
+        // Truncate to zero
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[2] = '0';
+        return &buffer[3];
+    }
+    else if (length == 1) {
+        // 1e30
+        buffer[1] = 'e';
+        return WriteExponent(kk - 1, &buffer[2]);
+    }
+    else {
+        // 1234e30 -> 1.234e33
+        std::memmove(&buffer[2], &buffer[1], static_cast<size_t>(length - 1));
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[length + 1] = 'e';
+        return WriteExponent(kk - 1, &buffer[0 + length + 2]);
+    }
+}
+
+inline char* dtoa(double value, char* buffer, int maxDecimalPlaces = 324) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(maxDecimalPlaces >= 1);
+    Double d(value);
+    if (d.IsZero()) {
+        if (d.Sign())
+            *buffer++ = '-';     // -0.0, Issue #289
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[2] = '0';
+        return &buffer[3];
+    }
+    else {
+        if (value < 0) {
+            *buffer++ = '-';
+            value = -value;
+        }
+        int length, K;
+        Grisu2(value, buffer, &length, &K);
+        return Prettify(buffer, length, K, maxDecimalPlaces);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68c9e9664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
+#define RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+class Double {
+public:
+    Double() {}
+    Double(double d) : d_(d) {}
+    Double(uint64_t u) : u_(u) {}
+
+    double Value() const { return d_; }
+    uint64_t Uint64Value() const { return u_; }
+
+    double NextPositiveDouble() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Sign());
+        return Double(u_ + 1).Value();
+    }
+
+    bool Sign() const { return (u_ & kSignMask) != 0; }
+    uint64_t Significand() const { return u_ & kSignificandMask; }
+    int Exponent() const { return static_cast<int>(((u_ & kExponentMask) >> kSignificandSize) - kExponentBias); }
+
+    bool IsNan() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask && Significand() != 0; }
+    bool IsInf() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask && Significand() == 0; }
+    bool IsNanOrInf() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask; }
+    bool IsNormal() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) != 0 || Significand() == 0; }
+    bool IsZero() const { return (u_ & (kExponentMask | kSignificandMask)) == 0; }
+
+    uint64_t IntegerSignificand() const { return IsNormal() ? Significand() | kHiddenBit : Significand(); }
+    int IntegerExponent() const { return (IsNormal() ? Exponent() : kDenormalExponent) - kSignificandSize; }
+    uint64_t ToBias() const { return (u_ & kSignMask) ? ~u_ + 1 : u_ | kSignMask; }
+
+    static int EffectiveSignificandSize(int order) {
+        if (order >= -1021)
+            return 53;
+        else if (order <= -1074)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return order + 1074;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const int kSignificandSize = 52;
+    static const int kExponentBias = 0x3FF;
+    static const int kDenormalExponent = 1 - kExponentBias;
+    static const uint64_t kSignMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80000000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kExponentMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x7FF00000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kSignificandMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x000FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    static const uint64_t kHiddenBit = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    union {
+        double d_;
+        uint64_t u_;
+    };
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fe8c932f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+inline const char* GetDigitsLut() {
+    static const char cDigitsLut[200] = {
+        '0','0','0','1','0','2','0','3','0','4','0','5','0','6','0','7','0','8','0','9',
+        '1','0','1','1','1','2','1','3','1','4','1','5','1','6','1','7','1','8','1','9',
+        '2','0','2','1','2','2','2','3','2','4','2','5','2','6','2','7','2','8','2','9',
+        '3','0','3','1','3','2','3','3','3','4','3','5','3','6','3','7','3','8','3','9',
+        '4','0','4','1','4','2','4','3','4','4','4','5','4','6','4','7','4','8','4','9',
+        '5','0','5','1','5','2','5','3','5','4','5','5','5','6','5','7','5','8','5','9',
+        '6','0','6','1','6','2','6','3','6','4','6','5','6','6','6','7','6','8','6','9',
+        '7','0','7','1','7','2','7','3','7','4','7','5','7','6','7','7','7','8','7','9',
+        '8','0','8','1','8','2','8','3','8','4','8','5','8','6','8','7','8','8','8','9',
+        '9','0','9','1','9','2','9','3','9','4','9','5','9','6','9','7','9','8','9','9'
+    };
+    return cDigitsLut;
+}
+
+inline char* u32toa(uint32_t value, char* buffer) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(buffer != 0);
+
+    const char* cDigitsLut = GetDigitsLut();
+
+    if (value < 10000) {
+        const uint32_t d1 = (value / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (value % 100) << 1;
+
+        if (value >= 1000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= 100)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= 10)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+    }
+    else if (value < 100000000) {
+        // value = bbbbcccc
+        const uint32_t b = value / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c = value % 10000;
+
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+
+        if (value >= 10000000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= 1000000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= 100000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+    }
+    else {
+        // value = aabbbbcccc in decimal
+
+        const uint32_t a = value / 100000000; // 1 to 42
+        value %= 100000000;
+
+        if (a >= 10) {
+            const unsigned i = a << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a));
+
+        const uint32_t b = value / 10000; // 0 to 9999
+        const uint32_t c = value % 10000; // 0 to 9999
+
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+    }
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* i32toa(int32_t value, char* buffer) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(buffer != 0);
+    uint32_t u = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+    if (value < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        u = ~u + 1;
+    }
+
+    return u32toa(u, buffer);
+}
+
+inline char* u64toa(uint64_t value, char* buffer) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(buffer != 0);
+    const char* cDigitsLut = GetDigitsLut();
+    const uint64_t  kTen8 = 100000000;
+    const uint64_t  kTen9 = kTen8 * 10;
+    const uint64_t kTen10 = kTen8 * 100;
+    const uint64_t kTen11 = kTen8 * 1000;
+    const uint64_t kTen12 = kTen8 * 10000;
+    const uint64_t kTen13 = kTen8 * 100000;
+    const uint64_t kTen14 = kTen8 * 1000000;
+    const uint64_t kTen15 = kTen8 * 10000000;
+    const uint64_t kTen16 = kTen8 * kTen8;
+
+    if (value < kTen8) {
+        uint32_t v = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+        if (v < 10000) {
+            const uint32_t d1 = (v / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d2 = (v % 100) << 1;
+
+            if (v >= 1000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+            if (v >= 100)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+            if (v >= 10)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        }
+        else {
+            // value = bbbbcccc
+            const uint32_t b = v / 10000;
+            const uint32_t c = v % 10000;
+
+            const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+
+            const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+
+            if (value >= 10000000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+            if (value >= 1000000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+            if (value >= 100000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        }
+    }
+    else if (value < kTen16) {
+        const uint32_t v0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen8);
+        const uint32_t v1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value % kTen8);
+
+        const uint32_t b0 = v0 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c0 = v0 % 10000;
+
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b0 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c0 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t b1 = v1 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c1 = v1 % 10000;
+
+        const uint32_t d5 = (b1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d6 = (b1 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t d7 = (c1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d8 = (c1 % 100) << 1;
+
+        if (value >= kTen15)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= kTen14)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen13)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        if (value >= kTen12)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen11)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        if (value >= kTen10)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen9)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8 + 1];
+    }
+    else {
+        const uint32_t a = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen16); // 1 to 1844
+        value %= kTen16;
+
+        if (a < 10)
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a));
+        else if (a < 100) {
+            const uint32_t i = a << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else if (a < 1000) {
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a / 100));
+
+            const uint32_t i = (a % 100) << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else {
+            const uint32_t i = (a / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t j = (a % 100) << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[j];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[j + 1];
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t v0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen8);
+        const uint32_t v1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value % kTen8);
+
+        const uint32_t b0 = v0 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c0 = v0 % 10000;
+
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b0 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c0 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t b1 = v1 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c1 = v1 % 10000;
+
+        const uint32_t d5 = (b1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d6 = (b1 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t d7 = (c1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d8 = (c1 % 100) << 1;
+
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8 + 1];
+    }
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* i64toa(int64_t value, char* buffer) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(buffer != 0);
+    uint64_t u = static_cast<uint64_t>(value);
+    if (value < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        u = ~u + 1;
+    }
+
+    return u64toa(u, buffer);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27092dc0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(6334)
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
+//@cond RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+// Helper to wrap/convert arbitrary types to void, useful for arbitrary type matching
+template <typename T> struct Void { typedef void Type; };
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BoolType, TrueType, FalseType
+//
+template <bool Cond> struct BoolType {
+    static const bool Value = Cond;
+    typedef BoolType Type;
+};
+typedef BoolType<true> TrueType;
+typedef BoolType<false> FalseType;
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SelectIf, BoolExpr, NotExpr, AndExpr, OrExpr
+//
+
+template <bool C> struct SelectIfImpl { template <typename T1, typename T2> struct Apply { typedef T1 Type; }; };
+template <> struct SelectIfImpl<false> { template <typename T1, typename T2> struct Apply { typedef T2 Type; }; };
+template <bool C, typename T1, typename T2> struct SelectIfCond : SelectIfImpl<C>::template Apply<T1,T2> {};
+template <typename C, typename T1, typename T2> struct SelectIf : SelectIfCond<C::Value, T1, T2> {};
+
+template <bool Cond1, bool Cond2> struct AndExprCond : FalseType {};
+template <> struct AndExprCond<true, true> : TrueType {};
+template <bool Cond1, bool Cond2> struct OrExprCond : TrueType {};
+template <> struct OrExprCond<false, false> : FalseType {};
+
+template <typename C> struct BoolExpr : SelectIf<C,TrueType,FalseType>::Type {};
+template <typename C> struct NotExpr  : SelectIf<C,FalseType,TrueType>::Type {};
+template <typename C1, typename C2> struct AndExpr : AndExprCond<C1::Value, C2::Value>::Type {};
+template <typename C1, typename C2> struct OrExpr  : OrExprCond<C1::Value, C2::Value>::Type {};
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AddConst, MaybeAddConst, RemoveConst
+template <typename T> struct AddConst { typedef const T Type; };
+template <bool Constify, typename T> struct MaybeAddConst : SelectIfCond<Constify, const T, T> {};
+template <typename T> struct RemoveConst { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T Type; };
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IsSame, IsConst, IsMoreConst, IsPointer
+//
+template <typename T, typename U> struct IsSame : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsSame<T, T> : TrueType {};
+
+template <typename T> struct IsConst : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsConst<const T> : TrueType {};
+
+template <typename CT, typename T>
+struct IsMoreConst
+    : AndExpr<IsSame<typename RemoveConst<CT>::Type, typename RemoveConst<T>::Type>,
+              BoolType<IsConst<CT>::Value >= IsConst<T>::Value> >::Type {};
+
+template <typename T> struct IsPointer : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsPointer<T*> : TrueType {};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IsBaseOf
+//
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+
+template <typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOf
+    : BoolType< ::std::is_base_of<B,D>::value> {};
+
+#else // simplified version adopted from Boost
+
+template<typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOfImpl {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(B) != 0);
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(D) != 0);
+
+    typedef char (&Yes)[1];
+    typedef char (&No) [2];
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static Yes Check(const D*, T);
+    static No  Check(const B*, int);
+
+    struct Host {
+        operator const B*() const;
+        operator const D*();
+    };
+
+    enum { Value = (sizeof(Check(Host(), 0)) == sizeof(Yes)) };
+};
+
+template <typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOf
+    : OrExpr<IsSame<B, D>, BoolExpr<IsBaseOfImpl<B, D> > >::Type {};
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// EnableIf / DisableIf
+//
+template <bool Condition, typename T = void> struct EnableIfCond  { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct EnableIfCond<false, T> { /* empty */ };
+
+template <bool Condition, typename T = void> struct DisableIfCond { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct DisableIfCond<true, T> { /* empty */ };
+
+template <typename Condition, typename T = void>
+struct EnableIf : EnableIfCond<Condition::Value, T> {};
+
+template <typename Condition, typename T = void>
+struct DisableIf : DisableIfCond<Condition::Value, T> {};
+
+// SFINAE helpers
+struct SfinaeTag {};
+template <typename T> struct RemoveSfinaeTag;
+template <typename T> struct RemoveSfinaeTag<SfinaeTag&(*)(T)> { typedef T Type; };
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(type) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::RemoveSfinaeTag \
+        < ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::SfinaeTag&(*) type>::Type
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF(cond) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::EnableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond)>::Type * = NULL
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF(cond) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::DisableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond)>::Type * = NULL
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF_RETURN(cond,returntype) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::EnableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond), \
+         RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(returntype)>::Type
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN(cond,returntype) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::DisableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond), \
+         RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(returntype)>::Type
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+//@endcond
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eae1a43ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_POW10_
+#define RAPIDJSON_POW10_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Computes integer powers of 10 in double (10.0^n).
+/*! This function uses lookup table for fast and accurate results.
+    \param n non-negative exponent. Must <= 308.
+    \return 10.0^n
+*/
+inline double Pow10(int n) {
+    static const double e[] = { // 1e-0...1e308: 309 * 8 bytes = 2472 bytes
+        1e+0,  
+        1e+1,  1e+2,  1e+3,  1e+4,  1e+5,  1e+6,  1e+7,  1e+8,  1e+9,  1e+10, 1e+11, 1e+12, 1e+13, 1e+14, 1e+15, 1e+16, 1e+17, 1e+18, 1e+19, 1e+20, 
+        1e+21, 1e+22, 1e+23, 1e+24, 1e+25, 1e+26, 1e+27, 1e+28, 1e+29, 1e+30, 1e+31, 1e+32, 1e+33, 1e+34, 1e+35, 1e+36, 1e+37, 1e+38, 1e+39, 1e+40,
+        1e+41, 1e+42, 1e+43, 1e+44, 1e+45, 1e+46, 1e+47, 1e+48, 1e+49, 1e+50, 1e+51, 1e+52, 1e+53, 1e+54, 1e+55, 1e+56, 1e+57, 1e+58, 1e+59, 1e+60,
+        1e+61, 1e+62, 1e+63, 1e+64, 1e+65, 1e+66, 1e+67, 1e+68, 1e+69, 1e+70, 1e+71, 1e+72, 1e+73, 1e+74, 1e+75, 1e+76, 1e+77, 1e+78, 1e+79, 1e+80,
+        1e+81, 1e+82, 1e+83, 1e+84, 1e+85, 1e+86, 1e+87, 1e+88, 1e+89, 1e+90, 1e+91, 1e+92, 1e+93, 1e+94, 1e+95, 1e+96, 1e+97, 1e+98, 1e+99, 1e+100,
+        1e+101,1e+102,1e+103,1e+104,1e+105,1e+106,1e+107,1e+108,1e+109,1e+110,1e+111,1e+112,1e+113,1e+114,1e+115,1e+116,1e+117,1e+118,1e+119,1e+120,
+        1e+121,1e+122,1e+123,1e+124,1e+125,1e+126,1e+127,1e+128,1e+129,1e+130,1e+131,1e+132,1e+133,1e+134,1e+135,1e+136,1e+137,1e+138,1e+139,1e+140,
+        1e+141,1e+142,1e+143,1e+144,1e+145,1e+146,1e+147,1e+148,1e+149,1e+150,1e+151,1e+152,1e+153,1e+154,1e+155,1e+156,1e+157,1e+158,1e+159,1e+160,
+        1e+161,1e+162,1e+163,1e+164,1e+165,1e+166,1e+167,1e+168,1e+169,1e+170,1e+171,1e+172,1e+173,1e+174,1e+175,1e+176,1e+177,1e+178,1e+179,1e+180,
+        1e+181,1e+182,1e+183,1e+184,1e+185,1e+186,1e+187,1e+188,1e+189,1e+190,1e+191,1e+192,1e+193,1e+194,1e+195,1e+196,1e+197,1e+198,1e+199,1e+200,
+        1e+201,1e+202,1e+203,1e+204,1e+205,1e+206,1e+207,1e+208,1e+209,1e+210,1e+211,1e+212,1e+213,1e+214,1e+215,1e+216,1e+217,1e+218,1e+219,1e+220,
+        1e+221,1e+222,1e+223,1e+224,1e+225,1e+226,1e+227,1e+228,1e+229,1e+230,1e+231,1e+232,1e+233,1e+234,1e+235,1e+236,1e+237,1e+238,1e+239,1e+240,
+        1e+241,1e+242,1e+243,1e+244,1e+245,1e+246,1e+247,1e+248,1e+249,1e+250,1e+251,1e+252,1e+253,1e+254,1e+255,1e+256,1e+257,1e+258,1e+259,1e+260,
+        1e+261,1e+262,1e+263,1e+264,1e+265,1e+266,1e+267,1e+268,1e+269,1e+270,1e+271,1e+272,1e+273,1e+274,1e+275,1e+276,1e+277,1e+278,1e+279,1e+280,
+        1e+281,1e+282,1e+283,1e+284,1e+285,1e+286,1e+287,1e+288,1e+289,1e+290,1e+291,1e+292,1e+293,1e+294,1e+295,1e+296,1e+297,1e+298,1e+299,1e+300,
+        1e+301,1e+302,1e+303,1e+304,1e+305,1e+306,1e+307,1e+308
+    };
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n <= 308);
+    return e[n];
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_POW10_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/regex.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/regex.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6446c403a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/regex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
+
+#include "../allocators.h"
+#include "../stream.h"
+#include "stack.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE 0
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// DecodedStream
+
+template <typename SourceStream, typename Encoding>
+class DecodedStream {
+public:
+    DecodedStream(SourceStream& ss) : ss_(ss), codepoint_() { Decode(); }
+    unsigned Peek() { return codepoint_; }
+    unsigned Take() {
+        unsigned c = codepoint_;
+        if (c) // No further decoding when '\0'
+            Decode();
+        return c;
+    }
+
+private:
+    void Decode() {
+        if (!Encoding::Decode(ss_, &codepoint_))
+            codepoint_ = 0;
+    }
+
+    SourceStream& ss_;
+    unsigned codepoint_;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericRegex
+
+static const SizeType kRegexInvalidState = ~SizeType(0);  //!< Represents an invalid index in GenericRegex::State::out, out1
+static const SizeType kRegexInvalidRange = ~SizeType(0);
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericRegexSearch;
+
+//! Regular expression engine with subset of ECMAscript grammar.
+/*!
+    Supported regular expression syntax:
+    - \c ab     Concatenation
+    - \c a|b    Alternation
+    - \c a?     Zero or one
+    - \c a*     Zero or more
+    - \c a+     One or more
+    - \c a{3}   Exactly 3 times
+    - \c a{3,}  At least 3 times
+    - \c a{3,5} 3 to 5 times
+    - \c (ab)   Grouping
+    - \c ^a     At the beginning
+    - \c a$     At the end
+    - \c .      Any character
+    - \c [abc]  Character classes
+    - \c [a-c]  Character class range
+    - \c [a-z0-9_] Character class combination
+    - \c [^abc] Negated character classes
+    - \c [^a-c] Negated character class range
+    - \c [\b]   Backspace (U+0008)
+    - \c \\| \\\\ ...  Escape characters
+    - \c \\f Form feed (U+000C)
+    - \c \\n Line feed (U+000A)
+    - \c \\r Carriage return (U+000D)
+    - \c \\t Tab (U+0009)
+    - \c \\v Vertical tab (U+000B)
+
+    \note This is a Thompson NFA engine, implemented with reference to 
+        Cox, Russ. "Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby,...).", 
+        https://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html 
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericRegex {
+public:
+    typedef Encoding EncodingType;
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericRegexSearch;
+
+    GenericRegex(const Ch* source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : 
+        ownAllocator_(allocator ? 0 : RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)()), allocator_(allocator ? allocator : ownAllocator_), 
+        states_(allocator_, 256), ranges_(allocator_, 256), root_(kRegexInvalidState), stateCount_(), rangeCount_(), 
+        anchorBegin_(), anchorEnd_()
+    {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> ss(source);
+        DecodedStream<GenericStringStream<Encoding>, Encoding> ds(ss);
+        Parse(ds);
+    }
+
+    ~GenericRegex()
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    bool IsValid() const {
+        return root_ != kRegexInvalidState;
+    }
+
+private:
+    enum Operator {
+        kZeroOrOne,
+        kZeroOrMore,
+        kOneOrMore,
+        kConcatenation,
+        kAlternation,
+        kLeftParenthesis
+    };
+
+    static const unsigned kAnyCharacterClass = 0xFFFFFFFF;   //!< For '.'
+    static const unsigned kRangeCharacterClass = 0xFFFFFFFE;
+    static const unsigned kRangeNegationFlag = 0x80000000;
+
+    struct Range {
+        unsigned start; // 
+        unsigned end;
+        SizeType next;
+    };
+
+    struct State {
+        SizeType out;     //!< Equals to kInvalid for matching state
+        SizeType out1;    //!< Equals to non-kInvalid for split
+        SizeType rangeStart;
+        unsigned codepoint;
+    };
+
+    struct Frag {
+        Frag(SizeType s, SizeType o, SizeType m) : start(s), out(o), minIndex(m) {}
+        SizeType start;
+        SizeType out; //!< link-list of all output states
+        SizeType minIndex;
+    };
+
+    State& GetState(SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < stateCount_);
+        return states_.template Bottom<State>()[index];
+    }
+
+    const State& GetState(SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < stateCount_);
+        return states_.template Bottom<State>()[index];
+    }
+
+    Range& GetRange(SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < rangeCount_);
+        return ranges_.template Bottom<Range>()[index];
+    }
+
+    const Range& GetRange(SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < rangeCount_);
+        return ranges_.template Bottom<Range>()[index];
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    void Parse(DecodedStream<InputStream, Encoding>& ds) {
+        Stack<Allocator> operandStack(allocator_, 256);    // Frag
+        Stack<Allocator> operatorStack(allocator_, 256);   // Operator
+        Stack<Allocator> atomCountStack(allocator_, 256);  // unsigned (Atom per parenthesis)
+
+        *atomCountStack.template Push<unsigned>() = 0;
+
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while (ds.Peek() != 0) {
+            switch (codepoint = ds.Take()) {
+                case '^':
+                    anchorBegin_ = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case '$':
+                    anchorEnd_ = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case '|':
+                    while (!operatorStack.Empty() && *operatorStack.template Top<Operator>() < kAlternation)
+                        if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                            return;
+                    *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kAlternation;
+                    *atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>() = 0;
+                    break;
+
+                case '(':
+                    *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kLeftParenthesis;
+                    *atomCountStack.template Push<unsigned>() = 0;
+                    break;
+
+                case ')':
+                    while (!operatorStack.Empty() && *operatorStack.template Top<Operator>() != kLeftParenthesis)
+                        if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                            return;
+                    if (operatorStack.Empty())
+                        return;
+                    operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1);
+                    atomCountStack.template Pop<unsigned>(1);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '?':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '*':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrMore))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '+':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kOneOrMore))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '{':
+                    {
+                        unsigned n, m;
+                        if (!ParseUnsigned(ds, &n))
+                            return;
+
+                        if (ds.Peek() == ',') {
+                            ds.Take();
+                            if (ds.Peek() == '}')
+                                m = kInfinityQuantifier;
+                            else if (!ParseUnsigned(ds, &m) || m < n)
+                                return;
+                        }
+                        else
+                            m = n;
+
+                        if (!EvalQuantifier(operandStack, n, m) || ds.Peek() != '}')
+                            return;
+                        ds.Take();
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                case '.':
+                    PushOperand(operandStack, kAnyCharacterClass);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '[':
+                    {
+                        SizeType range;
+                        if (!ParseRange(ds, &range))
+                            return;
+                        SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, kRangeCharacterClass);
+                        GetState(s).rangeStart = range;
+                        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, s);
+                    }
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '\\': // Escape character
+                    if (!CharacterEscape(ds, &codepoint))
+                        return; // Unsupported escape character
+                    // fall through to default
+                    RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH;
+
+                default: // Pattern character
+                    PushOperand(operandStack, codepoint);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+            }
+        }
+
+        while (!operatorStack.Empty())
+            if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                return;
+
+        // Link the operand to matching state.
+        if (operandStack.GetSize() == sizeof(Frag)) {
+            Frag* e = operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+            Patch(e->out, NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, 0));
+            root_ = e->start;
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE
+            printf("root: %d\n", root_);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < stateCount_ ; i++) {
+                State& s = GetState(i);
+                printf("[%2d] out: %2d out1: %2d c: '%c'\n", i, s.out, s.out1, (char)s.codepoint);
+            }
+            printf("\n");
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    SizeType NewState(SizeType out, SizeType out1, unsigned codepoint) {
+        State* s = states_.template Push<State>();
+        s->out = out;
+        s->out1 = out1;
+        s->codepoint = codepoint;
+        s->rangeStart = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        return stateCount_++;
+    }
+
+    void PushOperand(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, unsigned codepoint) {
+        SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, codepoint);
+        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, s);
+    }
+
+    void ImplicitConcatenation(Stack<Allocator>& atomCountStack, Stack<Allocator>& operatorStack) {
+        if (*atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>())
+            *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kConcatenation;
+        (*atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>())++;
+    }
+
+    SizeType Append(SizeType l1, SizeType l2) {
+        SizeType old = l1;
+        while (GetState(l1).out != kRegexInvalidState)
+            l1 = GetState(l1).out;
+        GetState(l1).out = l2;
+        return old;
+    }
+
+    void Patch(SizeType l, SizeType s) {
+        for (SizeType next; l != kRegexInvalidState; l = next) {
+            next = GetState(l).out;
+            GetState(l).out = s;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool Eval(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, Operator op) {
+        switch (op) {
+            case kConcatenation:
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag) * 2);
+                {
+                    Frag e2 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Frag e1 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Patch(e1.out, e2.start);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(e1.start, e2.out, Min(e1.minIndex, e2.minIndex));
+                }
+                return true;
+
+            case kAlternation:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag) * 2) {
+                    Frag e2 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Frag e1 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(e1.start, e2.start, 0);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, Append(e1.out, e2.out), Min(e1.minIndex, e2.minIndex));
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            case kZeroOrOne:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, Append(e.out, s), e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            case kZeroOrMore:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    Patch(e.out, s);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            case kOneOrMore:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    Patch(e.out, s);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(e.start, s, e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            default: 
+                // syntax error (e.g. unclosed kLeftParenthesis)
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool EvalQuantifier(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, unsigned n, unsigned m) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(n <= m);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag));
+
+        if (n == 0) {
+            if (m == 0)                             // a{0} not support
+                return false;
+            else if (m == kInfinityQuantifier)
+                Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrMore);    // a{0,} -> a*
+            else {
+                Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne);         // a{0,5} -> a?
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
+                    CloneTopOperand(operandStack);      // a{0,5} -> a? a? a? a? a?
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
+                    Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation); // a{0,5} -> a?a?a?a?a?
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)        // a{3} -> a a a
+            CloneTopOperand(operandStack);
+
+        if (m == kInfinityQuantifier)
+            Eval(operandStack, kOneOrMore);         // a{3,} -> a a a+
+        else if (m > n) {
+            CloneTopOperand(operandStack);          // a{3,5} -> a a a a
+            Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne);         // a{3,5} -> a a a a?
+            for (unsigned i = n; i < m - 1; i++)
+                CloneTopOperand(operandStack);      // a{3,5} -> a a a a? a?
+            for (unsigned i = n; i < m; i++)
+                Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation); // a{3,5} -> a a aa?a?
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
+            Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation);     // a{3} -> aaa, a{3,} -> aaa+, a{3.5} -> aaaa?a?
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static SizeType Min(SizeType a, SizeType b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
+
+    void CloneTopOperand(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack) {
+        const Frag src = *operandStack.template Top<Frag>(); // Copy constructor to prevent invalidation
+        SizeType count = stateCount_ - src.minIndex; // Assumes top operand contains states in [src->minIndex, stateCount_)
+        State* s = states_.template Push<State>(count);
+        memcpy(s, &GetState(src.minIndex), count * sizeof(State));
+        for (SizeType j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+            if (s[j].out != kRegexInvalidState)
+                s[j].out += count;
+            if (s[j].out1 != kRegexInvalidState)
+                s[j].out1 += count;
+        }
+        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(src.start + count, src.out + count, src.minIndex + count);
+        stateCount_ += count;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool ParseUnsigned(DecodedStream<InputStream, Encoding>& ds, unsigned* u) {
+        unsigned r = 0;
+        if (ds.Peek() < '0' || ds.Peek() > '9')
+            return false;
+        while (ds.Peek() >= '0' && ds.Peek() <= '9') {
+            if (r >= 429496729 && ds.Peek() > '5') // 2^32 - 1 = 4294967295
+                return false; // overflow
+            r = r * 10 + (ds.Take() - '0');
+        }
+        *u = r;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool ParseRange(DecodedStream<InputStream, Encoding>& ds, SizeType* range) {
+        bool isBegin = true;
+        bool negate = false;
+        int step = 0;
+        SizeType start = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        SizeType current = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while ((codepoint = ds.Take()) != 0) {
+            if (isBegin) {
+                isBegin = false;
+                if (codepoint == '^') {
+                    negate = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            switch (codepoint) {
+            case ']':
+                if (start == kRegexInvalidRange)
+                    return false;   // Error: nothing inside []
+                if (step == 2) { // Add trailing '-'
+                    SizeType r = NewRange('-');
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(current != kRegexInvalidRange);
+                    GetRange(current).next = r;
+                }
+                if (negate)
+                    GetRange(start).start |= kRangeNegationFlag;
+                *range = start;
+                return true;
+
+            case '\\':
+                if (ds.Peek() == 'b') {
+                    ds.Take();
+                    codepoint = 0x0008; // Escape backspace character
+                }
+                else if (!CharacterEscape(ds, &codepoint))
+                    return false;
+                // fall through to default
+                RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH;
+
+            default:
+                switch (step) {
+                case 1:
+                    if (codepoint == '-') {
+                        step++;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // fall through to step 0 for other characters
+                    RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH;
+
+                case 0:
+                    {
+                        SizeType r = NewRange(codepoint);
+                        if (current != kRegexInvalidRange)
+                            GetRange(current).next = r;
+                        if (start == kRegexInvalidRange)
+                            start = r;
+                        current = r;
+                    }
+                    step = 1;
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(step == 2);
+                    GetRange(current).end = codepoint;
+                    step = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    SizeType NewRange(unsigned codepoint) {
+        Range* r = ranges_.template Push<Range>();
+        r->start = r->end = codepoint;
+        r->next = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        return rangeCount_++;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool CharacterEscape(DecodedStream<InputStream, Encoding>& ds, unsigned* escapedCodepoint) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        switch (codepoint = ds.Take()) {
+            case '^':
+            case '$':
+            case '|':
+            case '(':
+            case ')':
+            case '?':
+            case '*':
+            case '+':
+            case '.':
+            case '[':
+            case ']':
+            case '{':
+            case '}':
+            case '\\':
+                *escapedCodepoint = codepoint; return true;
+            case 'f': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000C; return true;
+            case 'n': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000A; return true;
+            case 'r': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000D; return true;
+            case 't': *escapedCodepoint = 0x0009; return true;
+            case 'v': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000B; return true;
+            default:
+                return false; // Unsupported escape character
+        }
+    }
+
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Stack<Allocator> states_;
+    Stack<Allocator> ranges_;
+    SizeType root_;
+    SizeType stateCount_;
+    SizeType rangeCount_;
+
+    static const unsigned kInfinityQuantifier = ~0u;
+
+    // For SearchWithAnchoring()
+    bool anchorBegin_;
+    bool anchorEnd_;
+};
+
+template <typename RegexType, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericRegexSearch {
+public:
+    typedef typename RegexType::EncodingType Encoding;
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericRegexSearch(const RegexType& regex, Allocator* allocator = 0) : 
+        regex_(regex), allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0),
+        state0_(allocator, 0), state1_(allocator, 0), stateSet_()
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(regex_.IsValid());
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+        stateSet_ = static_cast<unsigned*>(allocator_->Malloc(GetStateSetSize()));
+        state0_.template Reserve<SizeType>(regex_.stateCount_);
+        state1_.template Reserve<SizeType>(regex_.stateCount_);
+    }
+
+    ~GenericRegexSearch() {
+        Allocator::Free(stateSet_);
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool Match(InputStream& is) {
+        return SearchWithAnchoring(is, true, true);
+    }
+
+    bool Match(const Ch* s) {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+        return Match(is);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool Search(InputStream& is) {
+        return SearchWithAnchoring(is, regex_.anchorBegin_, regex_.anchorEnd_);
+    }
+
+    bool Search(const Ch* s) {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+        return Search(is);
+    }
+
+private:
+    typedef typename RegexType::State State;
+    typedef typename RegexType::Range Range;
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool SearchWithAnchoring(InputStream& is, bool anchorBegin, bool anchorEnd) {
+        DecodedStream<InputStream, Encoding> ds(is);
+
+        state0_.Clear();
+        Stack<Allocator> *current = &state0_, *next = &state1_;
+        const size_t stateSetSize = GetStateSetSize();
+        std::memset(stateSet_, 0, stateSetSize);
+
+        bool matched = AddState(*current, regex_.root_);
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while (!current->Empty() && (codepoint = ds.Take()) != 0) {
+            std::memset(stateSet_, 0, stateSetSize);
+            next->Clear();
+            matched = false;
+            for (const SizeType* s = current->template Bottom<SizeType>(); s != current->template End<SizeType>(); ++s) {
+                const State& sr = regex_.GetState(*s);
+                if (sr.codepoint == codepoint ||
+                    sr.codepoint == RegexType::kAnyCharacterClass || 
+                    (sr.codepoint == RegexType::kRangeCharacterClass && MatchRange(sr.rangeStart, codepoint)))
+                {
+                    matched = AddState(*next, sr.out) || matched;
+                    if (!anchorEnd && matched)
+                        return true;
+                }
+                if (!anchorBegin)
+                    AddState(*next, regex_.root_);
+            }
+            internal::Swap(current, next);
+        }
+
+        return matched;
+    }
+
+    size_t GetStateSetSize() const {
+        return (regex_.stateCount_ + 31) / 32 * 4;
+    }
+
+    // Return whether the added states is a match state
+    bool AddState(Stack<Allocator>& l, SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index != kRegexInvalidState);
+
+        const State& s = regex_.GetState(index);
+        if (s.out1 != kRegexInvalidState) { // Split
+            bool matched = AddState(l, s.out);
+            return AddState(l, s.out1) || matched;
+        }
+        else if (!(stateSet_[index >> 5] & (1u << (index & 31)))) {
+            stateSet_[index >> 5] |= (1u << (index & 31));
+            *l.template PushUnsafe<SizeType>() = index;
+        }
+        return s.out == kRegexInvalidState; // by using PushUnsafe() above, we can ensure s is not validated due to reallocation.
+    }
+
+    bool MatchRange(SizeType rangeIndex, unsigned codepoint) const {
+        bool yes = (regex_.GetRange(rangeIndex).start & RegexType::kRangeNegationFlag) == 0;
+        while (rangeIndex != kRegexInvalidRange) {
+            const Range& r = regex_.GetRange(rangeIndex);
+            if (codepoint >= (r.start & ~RegexType::kRangeNegationFlag) && codepoint <= r.end)
+                return yes;
+            rangeIndex = r.next;
+        }
+        return !yes;
+    }
+
+    const RegexType& regex_;
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    Stack<Allocator> state0_;
+    Stack<Allocator> state1_;
+    uint32_t* stateSet_;
+};
+
+typedef GenericRegex<UTF8<> > Regex;
+typedef GenericRegexSearch<Regex> RegexSearch;
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/stack.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/stack.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73abd706e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/stack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STACK_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STACK_H_
+
+#include "../allocators.h"
+#include "swap.h"
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Stack
+
+//! A type-unsafe stack for storing different types of data.
+/*! \tparam Allocator Allocator for allocating stack memory.
+*/
+template <typename Allocator>
+class Stack {
+public:
+    // Optimization note: Do not allocate memory for stack_ in constructor.
+    // Do it lazily when first Push() -> Expand() -> Resize().
+    Stack(Allocator* allocator, size_t stackCapacity) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(0), stackTop_(0), stackEnd_(0), initialCapacity_(stackCapacity) {
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    Stack(Stack&& rhs)
+        : allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+          ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+          stack_(rhs.stack_),
+          stackTop_(rhs.stackTop_),
+          stackEnd_(rhs.stackEnd_),
+          initialCapacity_(rhs.initialCapacity_)
+    {
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.stack_ = 0;
+        rhs.stackTop_ = 0;
+        rhs.stackEnd_ = 0;
+        rhs.initialCapacity_ = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ~Stack() {
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    Stack& operator=(Stack&& rhs) {
+        if (&rhs != this)
+        {
+            Destroy();
+
+            allocator_ = rhs.allocator_;
+            ownAllocator_ = rhs.ownAllocator_;
+            stack_ = rhs.stack_;
+            stackTop_ = rhs.stackTop_;
+            stackEnd_ = rhs.stackEnd_;
+            initialCapacity_ = rhs.initialCapacity_;
+
+            rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+            rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+            rhs.stack_ = 0;
+            rhs.stackTop_ = 0;
+            rhs.stackEnd_ = 0;
+            rhs.initialCapacity_ = 0;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Swap(Stack& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, rhs.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(stack_, rhs.stack_);
+        internal::Swap(stackTop_, rhs.stackTop_);
+        internal::Swap(stackEnd_, rhs.stackEnd_);
+        internal::Swap(initialCapacity_, rhs.initialCapacity_);
+    }
+
+    void Clear() { stackTop_ = stack_; }
+
+    void ShrinkToFit() { 
+        if (Empty()) {
+            // If the stack is empty, completely deallocate the memory.
+            Allocator::Free(stack_); // NOLINT (+clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
+            stack_ = 0;
+            stackTop_ = 0;
+            stackEnd_ = 0;
+        }
+        else
+            Resize(GetSize());
+    }
+
+    // Optimization note: try to minimize the size of this function for force inline.
+    // Expansion is run very infrequently, so it is moved to another (probably non-inline) function.
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Reserve(size_t count = 1) {
+         // Expand the stack if needed
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(T) * count) > (stackEnd_ - stackTop_)))
+            Expand<T>(count);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE T* Push(size_t count = 1) {
+        Reserve<T>(count);
+        return PushUnsafe<T>(count);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE T* PushUnsafe(size_t count = 1) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stackTop_);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(T) * count) <= (stackEnd_ - stackTop_));
+        T* ret = reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_);
+        stackTop_ += sizeof(T) * count;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Pop(size_t count) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= count * sizeof(T));
+        stackTop_ -= count * sizeof(T);
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Top() { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= sizeof(T));
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_ - sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* Top() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= sizeof(T));
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_ - sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* End() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* End() const { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Bottom() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stack_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* Bottom() const { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stack_); }
+
+    bool HasAllocator() const {
+        return allocator_ != 0;
+    }
+
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(allocator_);
+        return *allocator_;
+    }
+
+    bool Empty() const { return stackTop_ == stack_; }
+    size_t GetSize() const { return static_cast<size_t>(stackTop_ - stack_); }
+    size_t GetCapacity() const { return static_cast<size_t>(stackEnd_ - stack_); }
+
+private:
+    template<typename T>
+    void Expand(size_t count) {
+        // Only expand the capacity if the current stack exists. Otherwise just create a stack with initial capacity.
+        size_t newCapacity;
+        if (stack_ == 0) {
+            if (!allocator_)
+                ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+            newCapacity = initialCapacity_;
+        } else {
+            newCapacity = GetCapacity();
+            newCapacity += (newCapacity + 1) / 2;
+        }
+        size_t newSize = GetSize() + sizeof(T) * count;
+        if (newCapacity < newSize)
+            newCapacity = newSize;
+
+        Resize(newCapacity);
+    }
+
+    void Resize(size_t newCapacity) {
+        const size_t size = GetSize();  // Backup the current size
+        stack_ = static_cast<char*>(allocator_->Realloc(stack_, GetCapacity(), newCapacity));
+        stackTop_ = stack_ + size;
+        stackEnd_ = stack_ + newCapacity;
+    }
+
+    void Destroy() {
+        Allocator::Free(stack_);
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_); // Only delete if it is owned by the stack
+    }
+
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    Stack(const Stack&);
+    Stack& operator=(const Stack&);
+
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    char *stack_;
+    char *stackTop_;
+    char *stackEnd_;
+    size_t initialCapacity_;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STACK_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b698a8f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
+
+#include "../stream.h"
+#include <cwchar>
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Custom strlen() which works on different character types.
+/*! \tparam Ch Character type (e.g. char, wchar_t, short)
+    \param s Null-terminated input string.
+    \return Number of characters in the string. 
+    \note This has the same semantics as strlen(), the return value is not number of Unicode codepoints.
+*/
+template <typename Ch>
+inline SizeType StrLen(const Ch* s) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s != 0);
+    const Ch* p = s;
+    while (*p) ++p;
+    return SizeType(p - s);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline SizeType StrLen(const char* s) {
+    return SizeType(std::strlen(s));
+}
+
+template <>
+inline SizeType StrLen(const wchar_t* s) {
+    return SizeType(std::wcslen(s));
+}
+
+//! Custom strcmpn() which works on different character types.
+/*! \tparam Ch Character type (e.g. char, wchar_t, short)
+    \param s1 Null-terminated input string.
+    \param s2 Null-terminated input string.
+    \return 0 if equal
+*/
+template<typename Ch>
+inline int StrCmp(const Ch* s1, const Ch* s2) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s1 != 0);
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s2 != 0);
+    while(*s1 && (*s1 == *s2)) { s1++; s2++; }
+    return static_cast<unsigned>(*s1) < static_cast<unsigned>(*s2) ? -1 : static_cast<unsigned>(*s1) > static_cast<unsigned>(*s2);
+}
+
+//! Returns number of code points in a encoded string.
+template<typename Encoding>
+bool CountStringCodePoint(const typename Encoding::Ch* s, SizeType length, SizeType* outCount) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s != 0);
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(outCount != 0);
+    GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+    const typename Encoding::Ch* end = s + length;
+    SizeType count = 0;
+    while (is.src_ < end) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!Encoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        count++;
+    }
+    *outCount = count;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55f0e380b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
+
+#include "ieee754.h"
+#include "biginteger.h"
+#include "diyfp.h"
+#include "pow10.h"
+#include <climits>
+#include <limits>
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+inline double FastPath(double significand, int exp) {
+    if (exp < -308)
+        return 0.0;
+    else if (exp >= 0)
+        return significand * internal::Pow10(exp);
+    else
+        return significand / internal::Pow10(-exp);
+}
+
+inline double StrtodNormalPrecision(double d, int p) {
+    if (p < -308) {
+        // Prevent expSum < -308, making Pow10(p) = 0
+        d = FastPath(d, -308);
+        d = FastPath(d, p + 308);
+    }
+    else
+        d = FastPath(d, p);
+    return d;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Min3(T a, T b, T c) {
+    T m = a;
+    if (m > b) m = b;
+    if (m > c) m = c;
+    return m;
+}
+
+inline int CheckWithinHalfULP(double b, const BigInteger& d, int dExp) {
+    const Double db(b);
+    const uint64_t bInt = db.IntegerSignificand();
+    const int bExp = db.IntegerExponent();
+    const int hExp = bExp - 1;
+
+    int dS_Exp2 = 0, dS_Exp5 = 0, bS_Exp2 = 0, bS_Exp5 = 0, hS_Exp2 = 0, hS_Exp5 = 0;
+
+    // Adjust for decimal exponent
+    if (dExp >= 0) {
+        dS_Exp2 += dExp;
+        dS_Exp5 += dExp;
+    }
+    else {
+        bS_Exp2 -= dExp;
+        bS_Exp5 -= dExp;
+        hS_Exp2 -= dExp;
+        hS_Exp5 -= dExp;
+    }
+
+    // Adjust for binary exponent
+    if (bExp >= 0)
+        bS_Exp2 += bExp;
+    else {
+        dS_Exp2 -= bExp;
+        hS_Exp2 -= bExp;
+    }
+
+    // Adjust for half ulp exponent
+    if (hExp >= 0)
+        hS_Exp2 += hExp;
+    else {
+        dS_Exp2 -= hExp;
+        bS_Exp2 -= hExp;
+    }
+
+    // Remove common power of two factor from all three scaled values
+    int common_Exp2 = Min3(dS_Exp2, bS_Exp2, hS_Exp2);
+    dS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+    bS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+    hS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+
+    BigInteger dS = d;
+    dS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(dS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(dS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger bS(bInt);
+    bS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(bS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(bS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger hS(1);
+    hS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(hS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(hS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger delta(0);
+    dS.Difference(bS, &delta);
+
+    return delta.Compare(hS);
+}
+
+inline bool StrtodFast(double d, int p, double* result) {
+    // Use fast path for string-to-double conversion if possible
+    // see http://www.exploringbinary.com/fast-path-decimal-to-floating-point-conversion/
+    if (p > 22  && p < 22 + 16) {
+        // Fast Path Cases In Disguise
+        d *= internal::Pow10(p - 22);
+        p = 22;
+    }
+
+    if (p >= -22 && p <= 22 && d <= 9007199254740991.0) { // 2^53 - 1
+        *result = FastPath(d, p);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+        return false;
+}
+
+// Compute an approximation and see if it is within 1/2 ULP
+template<typename Ch>
+inline bool StrtodDiyFp(const Ch* decimals, int dLen, int dExp, double* result) {
+    uint64_t significand = 0;
+    int i = 0;   // 2^64 - 1 = 18446744073709551615, 1844674407370955161 = 0x1999999999999999    
+    for (; i < dLen; i++) {
+        if (significand  >  RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) ||
+            (significand == RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) && decimals[i] > Ch('5')))
+            break;
+        significand = significand * 10u + static_cast<unsigned>(decimals[i] - Ch('0'));
+    }
+    
+    if (i < dLen && decimals[i] >= Ch('5')) // Rounding
+        significand++;
+
+    int remaining = dLen - i;
+    const int kUlpShift = 3;
+    const int kUlp = 1 << kUlpShift;
+    int64_t error = (remaining == 0) ? 0 : kUlp / 2;
+
+    DiyFp v(significand, 0);
+    v = v.Normalize();
+    error <<= -v.e;
+
+    dExp += remaining;
+
+    int actualExp;
+    DiyFp cachedPower = GetCachedPower10(dExp, &actualExp);
+    if (actualExp != dExp) {
+        static const DiyFp kPow10[] = {
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa0000000, 0x00000000), -60),  // 10^1
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc8000000, 0x00000000), -57),  // 10^2
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfa000000, 0x00000000), -54),  // 10^3
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9c400000, 0x00000000), -50),  // 10^4
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc3500000, 0x00000000), -47),  // 10^5
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf4240000, 0x00000000), -44),  // 10^6
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x98968000, 0x00000000), -40)   // 10^7
+        };
+        int adjustment = dExp - actualExp;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(adjustment >= 1 && adjustment < 8);
+        v = v * kPow10[adjustment - 1];
+        if (dLen + adjustment > 19) // has more digits than decimal digits in 64-bit
+            error += kUlp / 2;
+    }
+
+    v = v * cachedPower;
+
+    error += kUlp + (error == 0 ? 0 : 1);
+
+    const int oldExp = v.e;
+    v = v.Normalize();
+    error <<= oldExp - v.e;
+
+    const int effectiveSignificandSize = Double::EffectiveSignificandSize(64 + v.e);
+    int precisionSize = 64 - effectiveSignificandSize;
+    if (precisionSize + kUlpShift >= 64) {
+        int scaleExp = (precisionSize + kUlpShift) - 63;
+        v.f >>= scaleExp;
+        v.e += scaleExp; 
+        error = (error >> scaleExp) + 1 + kUlp;
+        precisionSize -= scaleExp;
+    }
+
+    DiyFp rounded(v.f >> precisionSize, v.e + precisionSize);
+    const uint64_t precisionBits = (v.f & ((uint64_t(1) << precisionSize) - 1)) * kUlp;
+    const uint64_t halfWay = (uint64_t(1) << (precisionSize - 1)) * kUlp;
+    if (precisionBits >= halfWay + static_cast<unsigned>(error)) {
+        rounded.f++;
+        if (rounded.f & (DiyFp::kDpHiddenBit << 1)) { // rounding overflows mantissa (issue #340)
+            rounded.f >>= 1;
+            rounded.e++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *result = rounded.ToDouble();
+
+    return halfWay - static_cast<unsigned>(error) >= precisionBits || precisionBits >= halfWay + static_cast<unsigned>(error);
+}
+
+template<typename Ch>
+inline double StrtodBigInteger(double approx, const Ch* decimals, int dLen, int dExp) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dLen >= 0);
+    const BigInteger dInt(decimals, static_cast<unsigned>(dLen));
+    Double a(approx);
+    int cmp = CheckWithinHalfULP(a.Value(), dInt, dExp);
+    if (cmp < 0)
+        return a.Value();  // within half ULP
+    else if (cmp == 0) {
+        // Round towards even
+        if (a.Significand() & 1)
+            return a.NextPositiveDouble();
+        else
+            return a.Value();
+    }
+    else // adjustment
+        return a.NextPositiveDouble();
+}
+
+template<typename Ch>
+inline double StrtodFullPrecision(double d, int p, const Ch* decimals, size_t length, size_t decimalPosition, int exp) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(d >= 0.0);
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length >= 1);
+
+    double result = 0.0;
+    if (StrtodFast(d, p, &result))
+        return result;
+
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length <= INT_MAX);
+    int dLen = static_cast<int>(length);
+
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length >= decimalPosition);
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length - decimalPosition <= INT_MAX);
+    int dExpAdjust = static_cast<int>(length - decimalPosition);
+
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(exp >= INT_MIN + dExpAdjust);
+    int dExp = exp - dExpAdjust;
+
+    // Make sure length+dExp does not overflow
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dExp <= INT_MAX - dLen);
+
+    // Trim leading zeros
+    while (dLen > 0 && *decimals == '0') {
+        dLen--;
+        decimals++;
+    }
+
+    // Trim trailing zeros
+    while (dLen > 0 && decimals[dLen - 1] == '0') {
+        dLen--;
+        dExp++;
+    }
+
+    if (dLen == 0) { // Buffer only contains zeros.
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    // Trim right-most digits
+    const int kMaxDecimalDigit = 767 + 1;
+    if (dLen > kMaxDecimalDigit) {
+        dExp += dLen - kMaxDecimalDigit;
+        dLen = kMaxDecimalDigit;
+    }
+
+    // If too small, underflow to zero.
+    // Any x <= 10^-324 is interpreted as zero.
+    if (dLen + dExp <= -324)
+        return 0.0;
+
+    // If too large, overflow to infinity.
+    // Any x >= 10^309 is interpreted as +infinity.
+    if (dLen + dExp > 309)
+        return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+
+    if (StrtodDiyFp(decimals, dLen, dExp, &result))
+        return result;
+
+    // Use approximation from StrtodDiyFp and make adjustment with BigInteger comparison
+    return StrtodBigInteger(result, decimals, dLen, dExp);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/swap.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/swap.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cf92f93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/internal/swap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Custom swap() to avoid dependency on C++ <algorithm> header
+/*! \tparam T Type of the arguments to swap, should be instantiated with primitive C++ types only.
+    \note This has the same semantics as std::swap().
+*/
+template <typename T>
+inline void Swap(T& a, T& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+    T tmp = a;
+        a = b;
+        b = tmp;
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01437ec01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <ios>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4351) // new behavior: elements of array 'array' will be default initialized
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of \c std::basic_istream into RapidJSON's Stream concept.
+/*!
+    The classes can be wrapped including but not limited to:
+
+    - \c std::istringstream
+    - \c std::stringstream
+    - \c std::wistringstream
+    - \c std::wstringstream
+    - \c std::ifstream
+    - \c std::fstream
+    - \c std::wifstream
+    - \c std::wfstream
+
+    \tparam StreamType Class derived from \c std::basic_istream.
+*/
+   
+template <typename StreamType>
+class BasicIStreamWrapper {
+public:
+    typedef typename StreamType::char_type Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param stream stream opened for read.
+    */
+    BasicIStreamWrapper(StreamType &stream) : stream_(stream), buffer_(peekBuffer_), bufferSize_(4), bufferLast_(0), current_(buffer_), readCount_(0), count_(0), eof_(false) { 
+        Read();
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param stream stream opened for read.
+        \param buffer user-supplied buffer.
+        \param bufferSize size of buffer in bytes. Must >=4 bytes.
+    */
+    BasicIStreamWrapper(StreamType &stream, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : stream_(stream), buffer_(buffer), bufferSize_(bufferSize), bufferLast_(0), current_(buffer_), readCount_(0), count_(0), eof_(false) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(bufferSize >= 4);
+        Read();
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = *current_; Read(); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return count_ + static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return (current_ + 4 - !eof_ <= bufferLast_) ? current_ : 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    BasicIStreamWrapper();
+    BasicIStreamWrapper(const BasicIStreamWrapper&);
+    BasicIStreamWrapper& operator=(const BasicIStreamWrapper&);
+
+    void Read() {
+        if (current_ < bufferLast_)
+            ++current_;
+        else if (!eof_) {
+            count_ += readCount_;
+            readCount_ = bufferSize_;
+            bufferLast_ = buffer_ + readCount_ - 1;
+            current_ = buffer_;
+
+            if (!stream_.read(buffer_, static_cast<std::streamsize>(bufferSize_))) {
+                readCount_ = static_cast<size_t>(stream_.gcount());
+                *(bufferLast_ = buffer_ + readCount_) = '\0';
+                eof_ = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    StreamType &stream_;
+    Ch peekBuffer_[4], *buffer_;
+    size_t bufferSize_;
+    Ch *bufferLast_;
+    Ch *current_;
+    size_t readCount_;
+    size_t count_;  //!< Number of characters read
+    bool eof_;
+};
+
+typedef BasicIStreamWrapper<std::istream> IStreamWrapper;
+typedef BasicIStreamWrapper<std::wistream> WIStreamWrapper;
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffbc41ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory output byte stream.
+/*!
+    This class is mainly for being wrapped by EncodedOutputStream or AutoUTFOutputStream.
+
+    It is similar to FileWriteBuffer but the destination is an in-memory buffer instead of a file.
+
+    Differences between MemoryBuffer and StringBuffer:
+    1. StringBuffer has Encoding but MemoryBuffer is only a byte buffer. 
+    2. StringBuffer::GetString() returns a null-terminated string. MemoryBuffer::GetBuffer() returns a buffer without terminator.
+
+    \tparam Allocator type for allocating memory buffer.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+struct GenericMemoryBuffer {
+    typedef char Ch; // byte
+
+    GenericMemoryBuffer(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t capacity = kDefaultCapacity) : stack_(allocator, capacity) {}
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c; }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    void Clear() { stack_.Clear(); }
+    void ShrinkToFit() { stack_.ShrinkToFit(); }
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count); }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { stack_.template Pop<Ch>(count); }
+
+    const Ch* GetBuffer() const {
+        return stack_.template Bottom<Ch>();
+    }
+
+    size_t GetSize() const { return stack_.GetSize(); }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultCapacity = 256;
+    mutable internal::Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+};
+
+typedef GenericMemoryBuffer<> MemoryBuffer;
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(MemoryBuffer& memoryBuffer, char c, size_t n) {
+    std::memset(memoryBuffer.stack_.Push<char>(n), c, n * sizeof(c));
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/memorystream.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/memorystream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77af6c999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/memorystream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_MEMORYSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_MEMORYSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(missing-noreturn)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory input byte stream.
+/*!
+    This class is mainly for being wrapped by EncodedInputStream or AutoUTFInputStream.
+
+    It is similar to FileReadBuffer but the source is an in-memory buffer instead of a file.
+
+    Differences between MemoryStream and StringStream:
+    1. StringStream has encoding but MemoryStream is a byte stream.
+    2. MemoryStream needs size of the source buffer and the buffer don't need to be null terminated. StringStream assume null-terminated string as source.
+    3. MemoryStream supports Peek4() for encoding detection. StringStream is specified with an encoding so it should not have Peek4().
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+struct MemoryStream {
+    typedef char Ch; // byte
+
+    MemoryStream(const Ch *src, size_t size) : src_(src), begin_(src), end_(src + size), size_(size) {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(src_ == end_) ? '\0' : *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(src_ == end_) ? '\0' : *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - begin_); }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return Tell() + 4 <= size_ ? src_ : 0;
+    }
+
+    const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+    const Ch* begin_;   //!< Original head of the string.
+    const Ch* end_;     //!< End of stream.
+    size_t size_;       //!< Size of the stream.
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18111286b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// ISO C9x  compliant inttypes.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
+// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124 
+// 
+//  Copyright (c) 2006-2013 Alexander Chemeris
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+//      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+//   3. Neither the name of the product nor the names of its contributors may
+//      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//      without specific prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
+// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
+// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// The above software in this distribution may have been modified by 
+// THL A29 Limited ("Tencent Modifications"). 
+// All Tencent Modifications are Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
+#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
+#endif // _MSC_VER ]
+
+#ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [
+#define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif
+
+#include "stdint.h"
+
+// miloyip: VC supports inttypes.h since VC2013
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1800
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#else
+
+// 7.8 Format conversion of integer types
+
+typedef struct {
+   intmax_t quot;
+   intmax_t rem;
+} imaxdiv_t;
+
+// 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 185 at page 198
+
+// The fprintf macros for signed integers are:
+#define PRId8       "d"
+#define PRIi8       "i"
+#define PRIdLEAST8  "d"
+#define PRIiLEAST8  "i"
+#define PRIdFAST8   "d"
+#define PRIiFAST8   "i"
+
+#define PRId16       "hd"
+#define PRIi16       "hi"
+#define PRIdLEAST16  "hd"
+#define PRIiLEAST16  "hi"
+#define PRIdFAST16   "hd"
+#define PRIiFAST16   "hi"
+
+#define PRId32       "I32d"
+#define PRIi32       "I32i"
+#define PRIdLEAST32  "I32d"
+#define PRIiLEAST32  "I32i"
+#define PRIdFAST32   "I32d"
+#define PRIiFAST32   "I32i"
+
+#define PRId64       "I64d"
+#define PRIi64       "I64i"
+#define PRIdLEAST64  "I64d"
+#define PRIiLEAST64  "I64i"
+#define PRIdFAST64   "I64d"
+#define PRIiFAST64   "I64i"
+
+#define PRIdMAX     "I64d"
+#define PRIiMAX     "I64i"
+
+#define PRIdPTR     "Id"
+#define PRIiPTR     "Ii"
+
+// The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:
+#define PRIo8       "o"
+#define PRIu8       "u"
+#define PRIx8       "x"
+#define PRIX8       "X"
+#define PRIoLEAST8  "o"
+#define PRIuLEAST8  "u"
+#define PRIxLEAST8  "x"
+#define PRIXLEAST8  "X"
+#define PRIoFAST8   "o"
+#define PRIuFAST8   "u"
+#define PRIxFAST8   "x"
+#define PRIXFAST8   "X"
+
+#define PRIo16       "ho"
+#define PRIu16       "hu"
+#define PRIx16       "hx"
+#define PRIX16       "hX"
+#define PRIoLEAST16  "ho"
+#define PRIuLEAST16  "hu"
+#define PRIxLEAST16  "hx"
+#define PRIXLEAST16  "hX"
+#define PRIoFAST16   "ho"
+#define PRIuFAST16   "hu"
+#define PRIxFAST16   "hx"
+#define PRIXFAST16   "hX"
+
+#define PRIo32       "I32o"
+#define PRIu32       "I32u"
+#define PRIx32       "I32x"
+#define PRIX32       "I32X"
+#define PRIoLEAST32  "I32o"
+#define PRIuLEAST32  "I32u"
+#define PRIxLEAST32  "I32x"
+#define PRIXLEAST32  "I32X"
+#define PRIoFAST32   "I32o"
+#define PRIuFAST32   "I32u"
+#define PRIxFAST32   "I32x"
+#define PRIXFAST32   "I32X"
+
+#define PRIo64       "I64o"
+#define PRIu64       "I64u"
+#define PRIx64       "I64x"
+#define PRIX64       "I64X"
+#define PRIoLEAST64  "I64o"
+#define PRIuLEAST64  "I64u"
+#define PRIxLEAST64  "I64x"
+#define PRIXLEAST64  "I64X"
+#define PRIoFAST64   "I64o"
+#define PRIuFAST64   "I64u"
+#define PRIxFAST64   "I64x"
+#define PRIXFAST64   "I64X"
+
+#define PRIoMAX     "I64o"
+#define PRIuMAX     "I64u"
+#define PRIxMAX     "I64x"
+#define PRIXMAX     "I64X"
+
+#define PRIoPTR     "Io"
+#define PRIuPTR     "Iu"
+#define PRIxPTR     "Ix"
+#define PRIXPTR     "IX"
+
+// The fscanf macros for signed integers are:
+#define SCNd8       "d"
+#define SCNi8       "i"
+#define SCNdLEAST8  "d"
+#define SCNiLEAST8  "i"
+#define SCNdFAST8   "d"
+#define SCNiFAST8   "i"
+
+#define SCNd16       "hd"
+#define SCNi16       "hi"
+#define SCNdLEAST16  "hd"
+#define SCNiLEAST16  "hi"
+#define SCNdFAST16   "hd"
+#define SCNiFAST16   "hi"
+
+#define SCNd32       "ld"
+#define SCNi32       "li"
+#define SCNdLEAST32  "ld"
+#define SCNiLEAST32  "li"
+#define SCNdFAST32   "ld"
+#define SCNiFAST32   "li"
+
+#define SCNd64       "I64d"
+#define SCNi64       "I64i"
+#define SCNdLEAST64  "I64d"
+#define SCNiLEAST64  "I64i"
+#define SCNdFAST64   "I64d"
+#define SCNiFAST64   "I64i"
+
+#define SCNdMAX     "I64d"
+#define SCNiMAX     "I64i"
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define SCNdPTR     "I64d"
+#  define SCNiPTR     "I64i"
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define SCNdPTR     "ld"
+#  define SCNiPTR     "li"
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+// The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:
+#define SCNo8       "o"
+#define SCNu8       "u"
+#define SCNx8       "x"
+#define SCNX8       "X"
+#define SCNoLEAST8  "o"
+#define SCNuLEAST8  "u"
+#define SCNxLEAST8  "x"
+#define SCNXLEAST8  "X"
+#define SCNoFAST8   "o"
+#define SCNuFAST8   "u"
+#define SCNxFAST8   "x"
+#define SCNXFAST8   "X"
+
+#define SCNo16       "ho"
+#define SCNu16       "hu"
+#define SCNx16       "hx"
+#define SCNX16       "hX"
+#define SCNoLEAST16  "ho"
+#define SCNuLEAST16  "hu"
+#define SCNxLEAST16  "hx"
+#define SCNXLEAST16  "hX"
+#define SCNoFAST16   "ho"
+#define SCNuFAST16   "hu"
+#define SCNxFAST16   "hx"
+#define SCNXFAST16   "hX"
+
+#define SCNo32       "lo"
+#define SCNu32       "lu"
+#define SCNx32       "lx"
+#define SCNX32       "lX"
+#define SCNoLEAST32  "lo"
+#define SCNuLEAST32  "lu"
+#define SCNxLEAST32  "lx"
+#define SCNXLEAST32  "lX"
+#define SCNoFAST32   "lo"
+#define SCNuFAST32   "lu"
+#define SCNxFAST32   "lx"
+#define SCNXFAST32   "lX"
+
+#define SCNo64       "I64o"
+#define SCNu64       "I64u"
+#define SCNx64       "I64x"
+#define SCNX64       "I64X"
+#define SCNoLEAST64  "I64o"
+#define SCNuLEAST64  "I64u"
+#define SCNxLEAST64  "I64x"
+#define SCNXLEAST64  "I64X"
+#define SCNoFAST64   "I64o"
+#define SCNuFAST64   "I64u"
+#define SCNxFAST64   "I64x"
+#define SCNXFAST64   "I64X"
+
+#define SCNoMAX     "I64o"
+#define SCNuMAX     "I64u"
+#define SCNxMAX     "I64x"
+#define SCNXMAX     "I64X"
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define SCNoPTR     "I64o"
+#  define SCNuPTR     "I64u"
+#  define SCNxPTR     "I64x"
+#  define SCNXPTR     "I64X"
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define SCNoPTR     "lo"
+#  define SCNuPTR     "lu"
+#  define SCNxPTR     "lx"
+#  define SCNXPTR     "lX"
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]
+
+// 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types
+
+// 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function
+#define imaxabs _abs64
+
+// 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function
+
+// This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found
+// in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c
+#ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [
+static
+#else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][
+_inline
+#endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]
+imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom)
+{
+   imaxdiv_t result;
+
+   result.quot = numer / denom;
+   result.rem = numer % denom;
+
+   if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {
+      // did division wrong; must fix up
+      ++result.quot;
+      result.rem -= denom;
+   }
+
+   return result;
+}
+
+// 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions
+#define strtoimax _strtoi64
+#define strtoumax _strtoui64
+
+// 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions
+#define wcstoimax _wcstoi64
+#define wcstoumax _wcstoui64
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER >= 1800
+
+#endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d4477b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+// ISO C9x  compliant stdint.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
+// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124 
+// 
+//  Copyright (c) 2006-2013 Alexander Chemeris
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+//      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+//   3. Neither the name of the product nor the names of its contributors may
+//      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//      without specific prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
+// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
+// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// The above software in this distribution may have been modified by 
+// THL A29 Limited ("Tencent Modifications"). 
+// All Tencent Modifications are Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
+#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
+#endif // _MSC_VER ]
+
+#ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [
+#define _MSC_STDINT_H_
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif
+
+// miloyip: Originally Visual Studio 2010 uses its own stdint.h. However it generates warning with INT64_C(), so change to use this file for vs2010.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1600 // [
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260
+
+#undef INT8_C
+#undef INT16_C
+#undef INT32_C
+#undef INT64_C
+#undef UINT8_C
+#undef UINT16_C
+#undef UINT32_C
+#undef UINT64_C
+
+// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
+
+#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
+#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
+#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
+#define INT64_C(val) val##i64
+
+#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
+#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
+#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
+#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
+
+// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
+// These #ifndef's are needed to prevent collisions with <boost/cstdint.hpp>.
+// Check out Issue 9 for the details.
+#ifndef INTMAX_C //   [
+#  define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
+#endif // INTMAX_C    ]
+#ifndef UINTMAX_C //  [
+#  define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C
+#endif // UINTMAX_C   ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
+
+#else // ] _MSC_VER >= 1700 [
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+// For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when
+// compiling for ARM we have to wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}'
+// or compiler would give many errors like this:
+//   error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(_M_ARM)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#  include <wchar.h>
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(_M_ARM)
+}
+#endif
+
+// Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t.
+#ifndef _W64
+#  if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
+#     define _W64 __w64
+#  else
+#     define _W64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+
+// 7.18.1 Integer types
+
+// 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types
+
+// Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't
+// realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8
+// so we give up on __intX for them.
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)
+   typedef signed char       int8_t;
+   typedef signed short      int16_t;
+   typedef signed int        int32_t;
+   typedef unsigned char     uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned short    uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned int      uint32_t;
+#else
+   typedef signed __int8     int8_t;
+   typedef signed __int16    int16_t;
+   typedef signed __int32    int32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8   uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16  uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;
+#endif
+typedef signed __int64       int64_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64     uint64_t;
+
+
+// 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer types
+typedef int8_t    int_least8_t;
+typedef int16_t   int_least16_t;
+typedef int32_t   int_least32_t;
+typedef int64_t   int_least64_t;
+typedef uint8_t   uint_least8_t;
+typedef uint16_t  uint_least16_t;
+typedef uint32_t  uint_least32_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uint_least64_t;
+
+// 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer types
+typedef int8_t    int_fast8_t;
+typedef int16_t   int_fast16_t;
+typedef int32_t   int_fast32_t;
+typedef int64_t   int_fast64_t;
+typedef uint8_t   uint_fast8_t;
+typedef uint16_t  uint_fast16_t;
+typedef uint32_t  uint_fast32_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uint_fast64_t;
+
+// 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+   typedef signed __int64    intptr_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64  uintptr_t;
+#else // _WIN64 ][
+   typedef _W64 signed int   intptr_t;
+   typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t;
+#endif // _WIN64 ]
+
+// 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer types
+typedef int64_t   intmax_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uintmax_t;
+
+
+// 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259
+
+// 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types
+#define INT8_MIN     ((int8_t)_I8_MIN)
+#define INT8_MAX     _I8_MAX
+#define INT16_MIN    ((int16_t)_I16_MIN)
+#define INT16_MAX    _I16_MAX
+#define INT32_MIN    ((int32_t)_I32_MIN)
+#define INT32_MAX    _I32_MAX
+#define INT64_MIN    ((int64_t)_I64_MIN)
+#define INT64_MAX    _I64_MAX
+#define UINT8_MAX    _UI8_MAX
+#define UINT16_MAX   _UI16_MAX
+#define UINT32_MAX   _UI32_MAX
+#define UINT64_MAX   _UI64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types
+#define INT_LEAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
+#define INT_FAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
+#define INT_FAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
+#define INT_FAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
+#define INT_FAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
+#define INT_FAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#define INT_FAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#define INT_FAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INT_FAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+#else // _WIN64 ][
+#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#endif // _WIN64 ]
+
+// 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types
+#define INTMAX_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INTMAX_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINTMAX_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I64_MIN
+#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I64_MAX
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I32_MIN
+#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I32_MAX
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+#define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN  INT_MIN
+#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX  INT_MAX
+
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX // [
+#  ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI64_MAX
+#  else // _WIN64 ][
+#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI32_MAX
+#  endif // _WIN64 ]
+#endif // SIZE_MAX ]
+
+// WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h>
+#ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [
+#  define WCHAR_MIN  0
+#endif  // WCHAR_MIN ]
+#ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [
+#  define WCHAR_MAX  _UI16_MAX
+#endif  // WCHAR_MAX ]
+
+#define WINT_MIN  0
+#define WINT_MAX  _UI16_MAX
+
+#endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ]
+
+
+// 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260
+
+// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
+
+#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
+#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
+#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
+#define INT64_C(val) val##i64
+
+#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
+#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
+#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
+#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
+
+// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
+// These #ifndef's are needed to prevent collisions with <boost/cstdint.hpp>.
+// Check out Issue 9 for the details.
+#ifndef INTMAX_C //   [
+#  define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
+#endif // INTMAX_C    ]
+#ifndef UINTMAX_C //  [
+#  define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C
+#endif // UINTMAX_C   ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER >= 1600 ]
+
+#endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ]
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11ed4d33f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of \c std::basic_ostream into RapidJSON's Stream concept.
+/*!
+    The classes can be wrapped including but not limited to:
+
+    - \c std::ostringstream
+    - \c std::stringstream
+    - \c std::wpstringstream
+    - \c std::wstringstream
+    - \c std::ifstream
+    - \c std::fstream
+    - \c std::wofstream
+    - \c std::wfstream
+
+    \tparam StreamType Class derived from \c std::basic_ostream.
+*/
+   
+template <typename StreamType>
+class BasicOStreamWrapper {
+public:
+    typedef typename StreamType::char_type Ch;
+    BasicOStreamWrapper(StreamType& stream) : stream_(stream) {}
+
+    void Put(Ch c) {
+        stream_.put(c);
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+        stream_.flush();
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    char Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(char*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    BasicOStreamWrapper(const BasicOStreamWrapper&);
+    BasicOStreamWrapper& operator=(const BasicOStreamWrapper&);
+
+    StreamType& stream_;
+};
+
+typedef BasicOStreamWrapper<std::ostream> OStreamWrapper;
+typedef BasicOStreamWrapper<std::wostream> WOStreamWrapper;
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/pointer.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/pointer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f4ef3892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/pointer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1476 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
+
+#include "document.h"
+#include "uri.h"
+#include "internal/itoa.h"
+#include "error/error.h" // PointerParseErrorCode
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+static const SizeType kPointerInvalidIndex = ~SizeType(0);  //!< Represents an invalid index in GenericPointer::Token
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericPointer
+
+//! Represents a JSON Pointer. Use Pointer for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*!
+    This class implements RFC 6901 "JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Pointer" 
+    (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901).
+
+    A JSON pointer is for identifying a specific value in a JSON document
+    (GenericDocument). It can simplify coding of DOM tree manipulation, because it
+    can access multiple-level depth of DOM tree with single API call.
+
+    After it parses a string representation (e.g. "/foo/0" or URI fragment 
+    representation (e.g. "#/foo/0") into its internal representation (tokens),
+    it can be used to resolve a specific value in multiple documents, or sub-tree 
+    of documents.
+
+    Contrary to GenericValue, Pointer can be copy constructed and copy assigned.
+    Apart from assignment, a Pointer cannot be modified after construction.
+
+    Although Pointer is very convenient, please aware that constructing Pointer
+    involves parsing and dynamic memory allocation. A special constructor with user-
+    supplied tokens eliminates these.
+
+    GenericPointer depends on GenericDocument and GenericValue.
+
+    \tparam ValueType The value type of the DOM tree. E.g. GenericValue<UTF8<> >
+    \tparam Allocator The allocator type for allocating memory for internal representation.
+
+    \note GenericPointer uses same encoding of ValueType.
+    However, Allocator of GenericPointer is independent of Allocator of Value.
+*/
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericPointer {
+public:
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;  //!< Encoding type from Value
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;                      //!< Character type from Value
+    typedef GenericUri<ValueType, Allocator> UriType;
+
+
+  //! A token is the basic units of internal representation.
+    /*!
+        A JSON pointer string representation "/foo/123" is parsed to two tokens: 
+        "foo" and 123. 123 will be represented in both numeric form and string form.
+        They are resolved according to the actual value type (object or array).
+
+        For token that are not numbers, or the numeric value is out of bound
+        (greater than limits of SizeType), they are only treated as string form
+        (i.e. the token's index will be equal to kPointerInvalidIndex).
+
+        This struct is public so that user can create a Pointer without parsing and 
+        allocation, using a special constructor.
+    */
+    struct Token {
+        const Ch* name;             //!< Name of the token. It has null character at the end but it can contain null character.
+        SizeType length;            //!< Length of the name.
+        SizeType index;             //!< A valid array index, if it is not equal to kPointerInvalidIndex.
+    };
+
+    //!@name Constructors and destructor.
+    //@{
+
+    //! Default constructor.
+    GenericPointer(Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {}
+
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \param source A null-terminated, string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+    */
+    explicit GenericPointer(const Ch* source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source, internal::StrLen(source));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \param source A string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+        \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+    */
+    explicit GenericPointer(const std::basic_string<Ch>& source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source.c_str(), source.size());
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation, with length of the source string.
+    /*!
+        \param source A string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param length Length of source.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+        \note Slightly faster than the overload without length.
+    */
+    GenericPointer(const Ch* source, size_t length, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source, length);
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with user-supplied tokens.
+    /*!
+        This constructor let user supplies const array of tokens.
+        This prevents the parsing process and eliminates allocation.
+        This is preferred for memory constrained environments.
+
+        \param tokens An constant array of tokens representing the JSON pointer.
+        \param tokenCount Number of tokens.
+
+        \b Example
+        \code
+        #define NAME(s) { s, sizeof(s) / sizeof(s[0]) - 1, kPointerInvalidIndex }
+        #define INDEX(i) { #i, sizeof(#i) - 1, i }
+
+        static const Pointer::Token kTokens[] = { NAME("foo"), INDEX(123) };
+        static const Pointer p(kTokens, sizeof(kTokens) / sizeof(kTokens[0]));
+        // Equivalent to static const Pointer p("/foo/123");
+
+        #undef NAME
+        #undef INDEX
+        \endcode
+    */
+    GenericPointer(const Token* tokens, size_t tokenCount) : allocator_(), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(const_cast<Token*>(tokens)), tokenCount_(tokenCount), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {}
+
+    //! Copy constructor.
+    GenericPointer(const GenericPointer& rhs) : allocator_(), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        *this = rhs;
+    }
+
+    //! Copy constructor.
+    GenericPointer(const GenericPointer& rhs, Allocator* allocator) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        *this = rhs;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    ~GenericPointer() {
+        if (nameBuffer_)    // If user-supplied tokens constructor is used, nameBuffer_ is nullptr and tokens_ are not deallocated.
+            Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment operator.
+    GenericPointer& operator=(const GenericPointer& rhs) {
+        if (this != &rhs) {
+            // Do not delete ownAllcator
+            if (nameBuffer_)
+                Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+
+            tokenCount_ = rhs.tokenCount_;
+            parseErrorOffset_ = rhs.parseErrorOffset_;
+            parseErrorCode_ = rhs.parseErrorCode_;
+
+            if (rhs.nameBuffer_)
+                CopyFromRaw(rhs); // Normally parsed tokens.
+            else {
+                tokens_ = rhs.tokens_; // User supplied const tokens.
+                nameBuffer_ = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Swap the content of this pointer with an other.
+    /*!
+        \param other The pointer to swap with.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+    */
+    GenericPointer& Swap(GenericPointer& other) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, other.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, other.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(nameBuffer_, other.nameBuffer_);
+        internal::Swap(tokens_, other.tokens_);
+        internal::Swap(tokenCount_, other.tokenCount_);
+        internal::Swap(parseErrorOffset_, other.parseErrorOffset_);
+        internal::Swap(parseErrorCode_, other.parseErrorCode_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.pointer, b.pointer);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericPointer& a, GenericPointer& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Append token
+    //@{
+
+    //! Append a token and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param token Token to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const Token& token, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        GenericPointer r;
+        r.allocator_ = allocator;
+        Ch *p = r.CopyFromRaw(*this, 1, token.length + 1);
+        std::memcpy(p, token.name, (token.length + 1) * sizeof(Ch));
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].name = p;
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].length = token.length;
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].index = token.index;
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Append a name token with length, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name to be appended.
+        \param length Length of name.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const Ch* name, SizeType length, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        Token token = { name, length, kPointerInvalidIndex };
+        return Append(token, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Append a name token without length, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name (const Ch*) to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >), (GenericPointer))
+    Append(T* name, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        return Append(name, internal::StrLen(name), allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Append a name token, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        return Append(name.c_str(), static_cast<SizeType>(name.size()), allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Append a index token, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param index Index to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(SizeType index, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        char buffer[21];
+        char* end = sizeof(SizeType) == 4 ? internal::u32toa(index, buffer) : internal::u64toa(index, buffer);
+        SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(end - buffer);
+        buffer[length] = '\0';
+
+        if (sizeof(Ch) == 1) {
+            Token token = { reinterpret_cast<Ch*>(buffer), length, index };
+            return Append(token, allocator);
+        }
+        else {
+            Ch name[21];
+            for (size_t i = 0; i <= length; i++)
+                name[i] = static_cast<Ch>(buffer[i]);
+            Token token = { name, length, index };
+            return Append(token, allocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Append a token by value, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param token token to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const ValueType& token, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        if (token.IsString())
+            return Append(token.GetString(), token.GetStringLength(), allocator);
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token.IsUint64());
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token.GetUint64() <= SizeType(~0));
+            return Append(static_cast<SizeType>(token.GetUint64()), allocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //!@name Handling Parse Error
+    //@{
+
+    //! Check whether this is a valid pointer.
+    bool IsValid() const { return parseErrorCode_ == kPointerParseErrorNone; }
+
+    //! Get the parsing error offset in code unit.
+    size_t GetParseErrorOffset() const { return parseErrorOffset_; }
+
+    //! Get the parsing error code.
+    PointerParseErrorCode GetParseErrorCode() const { return parseErrorCode_; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this pointer.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() { return *allocator_; }
+
+    //!@name Tokens
+    //@{
+
+    //! Get the token array (const version only).
+    const Token* GetTokens() const { return tokens_; }
+
+    //! Get the number of tokens.
+    size_t GetTokenCount() const { return tokenCount_; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Equality/inequality operators
+    //@{
+
+    //! Equality operator.
+    /*!
+        \note When any pointers are invalid, always returns false.
+    */
+    bool operator==(const GenericPointer& rhs) const {
+        if (!IsValid() || !rhs.IsValid() || tokenCount_ != rhs.tokenCount_)
+            return false;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tokenCount_; i++) {
+            if (tokens_[i].index != rhs.tokens_[i].index ||
+                tokens_[i].length != rhs.tokens_[i].length || 
+                (tokens_[i].length != 0 && std::memcmp(tokens_[i].name, rhs.tokens_[i].name, sizeof(Ch)* tokens_[i].length) != 0))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Inequality operator.
+    /*!
+        \note When any pointers are invalid, always returns true.
+    */
+    bool operator!=(const GenericPointer& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Less than operator.
+    /*!
+        \note Invalid pointers are always greater than valid ones.
+    */
+    bool operator<(const GenericPointer& rhs) const {
+        if (!IsValid())
+            return false;
+        if (!rhs.IsValid())
+            return true;
+
+        if (tokenCount_ != rhs.tokenCount_)
+            return tokenCount_ < rhs.tokenCount_;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tokenCount_; i++) {
+            if (tokens_[i].index != rhs.tokens_[i].index)
+                return tokens_[i].index < rhs.tokens_[i].index;
+
+            if (tokens_[i].length != rhs.tokens_[i].length)
+                return tokens_[i].length < rhs.tokens_[i].length;
+
+            if (int cmp = std::memcmp(tokens_[i].name, rhs.tokens_[i].name, sizeof(Ch) * tokens_[i].length))
+                return cmp < 0;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Stringify
+    //@{
+
+    //! Stringify the pointer into string representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    bool Stringify(OutputStream& os) const {
+        return Stringify<false, OutputStream>(os);
+    }
+
+    //! Stringify the pointer into URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    bool StringifyUriFragment(OutputStream& os) const {
+        return Stringify<true, OutputStream>(os);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Create value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Create a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        If the value is not exist, it creates all parent values and a JSON Null value.
+        So it always succeed and return the newly created or existing value.
+
+        Remind that it may change types of parents according to tokens, so it 
+        potentially removes previously stored values. For example, if a document 
+        was an array, and "/foo" is used to create a value, then the document 
+        will be changed to an object, and all existing array elements are lost.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM subtree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \param alreadyExist If non-null, it stores whether the resolved value is already exist.
+        \return The resolved newly created (a JSON Null value), or already exists value.
+    */
+    ValueType& Create(ValueType& root, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator, bool* alreadyExist = 0) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        bool exist = true;
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            if (v->IsArray() && t->name[0] == '-' && t->length == 1) {
+                v->PushBack(ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                v = &((*v)[v->Size() - 1]);
+                exist = false;
+            }
+            else {
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex) { // must be object name
+                    if (!v->IsObject())
+                        v->SetObject(); // Change to Object
+                }
+                else { // object name or array index
+                    if (!v->IsArray() && !v->IsObject())
+                        v->SetArray(); // Change to Array
+                }
+
+                if (v->IsArray()) {
+                    if (t->index >= v->Size()) {
+                        v->Reserve(t->index + 1, allocator);
+                        while (t->index >= v->Size())
+                            v->PushBack(ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                        exist = false;
+                    }
+                    v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                }
+                else {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericValue<EncodingType>(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length)));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd()) {
+                        v->AddMember(ValueType(t->name, t->length, allocator).Move(), ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                        m = v->MemberEnd();
+                        v = &(--m)->value; // Assumes AddMember() appends at the end
+                        exist = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                        v = &m->value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (alreadyExist)
+            *alreadyExist = exist;
+
+        return *v;
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a value in a document.
+    /*!
+        \param document A document to be resolved.
+        \param alreadyExist If non-null, it stores whether the resolved value is already exist.
+        \return The resolved newly created, or already exists value.
+    */
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Create(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, bool* alreadyExist = 0) const {
+        return Create(document, document.GetAllocator(), alreadyExist);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Compute URI
+    //@{
+
+    //! Compute the in-scope URI for a subtree.
+    //  For use with JSON pointers into JSON schema documents.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param rootUri Root URI
+        \param unresolvedTokenIndex If the pointer cannot resolve a token in the pointer, this parameter can obtain the index of unresolved token.
+        \param allocator Allocator for Uris
+        \return Uri if it can be resolved. Otherwise null.
+
+        \note
+        There are only 3 situations when a URI cannot be resolved:
+        1. A value in the path is not an array nor object.
+        2. An object value does not contain the token.
+        3. A token is out of range of an array value.
+
+        Use unresolvedTokenIndex to retrieve the token index.
+    */
+    UriType GetUri(ValueType& root, const UriType& rootUri, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        static const Ch kIdString[] = { 'i', 'd', '\0' };
+        static const ValueType kIdValue(kIdString, 2);
+        UriType base = UriType(rootUri, allocator);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            switch (v->GetType()) {
+                case kObjectType:
+                {
+                    // See if we have an id, and if so resolve with the current base
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(kIdValue);
+                    if (m != v->MemberEnd() && (m->value).IsString()) {
+                        UriType here = UriType(m->value, allocator).Resolve(base, allocator);
+                        base = here;
+                    }
+                    m = v->FindMember(GenericValue<EncodingType>(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length)));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd())
+                        break;
+                    v = &m->value;
+                }
+                  continue;
+                case kArrayType:
+                    if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || t->index >= v->Size())
+                        break;
+                    v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                    continue;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // Error: unresolved token
+            if (unresolvedTokenIndex)
+                *unresolvedTokenIndex = static_cast<size_t>(t - tokens_);
+            return UriType(allocator);
+        }
+        return base;
+    }
+
+    UriType GetUri(const ValueType& root, const UriType& rootUri, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+      return GetUri(const_cast<ValueType&>(root), rootUri, unresolvedTokenIndex, allocator);
+    }
+
+
+    //!@name Query value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param unresolvedTokenIndex If the pointer cannot resolve a token in the pointer, this parameter can obtain the index of unresolved token.
+        \return Pointer to the value if it can be resolved. Otherwise null.
+
+        \note
+        There are only 3 situations when a value cannot be resolved:
+        1. A value in the path is not an array nor object.
+        2. An object value does not contain the token.
+        3. A token is out of range of an array value.
+
+        Use unresolvedTokenIndex to retrieve the token index.
+    */
+    ValueType* Get(ValueType& root, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            switch (v->GetType()) {
+            case kObjectType:
+                {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericValue<EncodingType>(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length)));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd())
+                        break;
+                    v = &m->value;
+                }
+                continue;
+            case kArrayType:
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || t->index >= v->Size())
+                    break;
+                v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                continue;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Error: unresolved token
+            if (unresolvedTokenIndex)
+                *unresolvedTokenIndex = static_cast<size_t>(t - tokens_);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    //! Query a const value in a const subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \return Pointer to the value if it can be resolved. Otherwise null.
+    */
+    const ValueType* Get(const ValueType& root, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) const { 
+        return Get(const_cast<ValueType&>(root), unresolvedTokenIndex);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Query a value with default
+    //@{
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default value.
+    /*!
+        Similar to Get(), but if the specified value do not exists, it creates all parents and clone the default value.
+        So that this function always succeed.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param defaultValue Default value to be cloned if the value was not exists.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const ValueType& defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        ValueType& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.CopyFrom(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default null-terminated string.
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const Ch* defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        ValueType& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.SetString(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default std::basic_string.
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const std::basic_string<Ch>& defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        ValueType& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.SetString(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default primitive value.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, T defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(root, ValueType(defaultValue).Move(), allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default value.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const ValueType& defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default null-terminated string.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const Ch* defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Query a value in a document with default std::basic_string.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const std::basic_string<Ch>& defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default primitive value.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T, typename stackAllocator>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, T defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Set a value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set a value in a subtree, with move semantics.
+    /*!
+        It creates all parents if they are not exist or types are different to the tokens.
+        So this function always succeeds but potentially remove existing values.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param value Value to be set.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = value;
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a subtree, with copy semantics.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator).CopyFrom(value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Set a null-terminated string in a subtree.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const Ch* value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value, allocator).Move();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Set a std::basic_string in a subtree.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const std::basic_string<Ch>& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value, allocator).Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Set a primitive value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    Set(ValueType& root, T value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value).Move();
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a document, with move semantics.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document) = value;
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a document, with copy semantics.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document).CopyFrom(value, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Set a null-terminated string in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const Ch* value) const {
+        return Create(document) = ValueType(value, document.GetAllocator()).Move();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Sets a std::basic_string in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const std::basic_string<Ch>& value) const {
+        return Create(document) = ValueType(value, document.GetAllocator()).Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Set a primitive value in a document.
+    /*!
+    \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T, typename stackAllocator>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+        Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, T value) const {
+            return Create(document) = value;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Swap a value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Swap a value with a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        It creates all parents if they are not exist or types are different to the tokens.
+        So this function always succeeds but potentially remove existing values.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param value Value to be swapped.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& Swap(ValueType& root, ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator).Swap(value);
+    }
+
+    //! Swap a value with a value in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Swap(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document).Swap(value);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Erase a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \return Whether the resolved value is found and erased.
+
+        \note Erasing with an empty pointer \c Pointer(""), i.e. the root, always fail and return false.
+    */
+    bool Erase(ValueType& root) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        if (tokenCount_ == 0) // Cannot erase the root
+            return false;
+
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        const Token* last = tokens_ + (tokenCount_ - 1);
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != last; ++t) {
+            switch (v->GetType()) {
+            case kObjectType:
+                {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericValue<EncodingType>(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length)));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd())
+                        return false;
+                    v = &m->value;
+                }
+                break;
+            case kArrayType:
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || t->index >= v->Size())
+                    return false;
+                v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (v->GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType:
+            return v->EraseMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(last->name, last->length));
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (last->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || last->index >= v->Size())
+                return false;
+            v->Erase(v->Begin() + last->index);
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Clone the content from rhs to this.
+    /*!
+        \param rhs Source pointer.
+        \param extraToken Extra tokens to be allocated.
+        \param extraNameBufferSize Extra name buffer size (in number of Ch) to be allocated.
+        \return Start of non-occupied name buffer, for storing extra names.
+    */
+    Ch* CopyFromRaw(const GenericPointer& rhs, size_t extraToken = 0, size_t extraNameBufferSize = 0) {
+        if (!allocator_) // allocator is independently owned.
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+
+        size_t nameBufferSize = rhs.tokenCount_; // null terminators for tokens
+        for (Token *t = rhs.tokens_; t != rhs.tokens_ + rhs.tokenCount_; ++t)
+            nameBufferSize += t->length;
+
+        tokenCount_ = rhs.tokenCount_ + extraToken;
+        tokens_ = static_cast<Token *>(allocator_->Malloc(tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token) + (nameBufferSize + extraNameBufferSize) * sizeof(Ch)));
+        nameBuffer_ = reinterpret_cast<Ch *>(tokens_ + tokenCount_);
+        if (rhs.tokenCount_ > 0) {
+            std::memcpy(tokens_, rhs.tokens_, rhs.tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token));
+        }
+        if (nameBufferSize > 0) {
+            std::memcpy(nameBuffer_, rhs.nameBuffer_, nameBufferSize * sizeof(Ch));
+        }
+
+        // The names of each token point to a string in the nameBuffer_. The
+        // previous memcpy copied over string pointers into the rhs.nameBuffer_,
+        // but they should point to the strings in the new nameBuffer_.
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < rhs.tokenCount_; ++i) {
+          // The offset between the string address and the name buffer should
+          // still be constant, so we can just get this offset and set each new
+          // token name according the new buffer start + the known offset.
+          std::ptrdiff_t name_offset = rhs.tokens_[i].name - rhs.nameBuffer_;
+          tokens_[i].name = nameBuffer_ + name_offset;
+        }
+
+        return nameBuffer_ + nameBufferSize;
+    }
+
+    //! Check whether a character should be percent-encoded.
+    /*!
+        According to RFC 3986 2.3 Unreserved Characters.
+        \param c The character (code unit) to be tested.
+    */
+    bool NeedPercentEncode(Ch c) const {
+        return !((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'A' && c <='Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '_' || c =='~');
+    }
+
+    //! Parse a JSON String or its URI fragment representation into tokens.
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        \param source Either a JSON Pointer string, or its URI fragment representation. Not need to be null terminated.
+        \param length Length of the source string.
+        \note Source cannot be JSON String Representation of JSON Pointer, e.g. In "/\u0000", \u0000 will not be unescaped.
+    */
+#endif
+    void Parse(const Ch* source, size_t length) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(source != NULL);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(nameBuffer_ == 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(tokens_ == 0);
+
+        // Create own allocator if user did not supply.
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+
+        // Count number of '/' as tokenCount
+        tokenCount_ = 0;
+        for (const Ch* s = source; s != source + length; s++) 
+            if (*s == '/')
+                tokenCount_++;
+
+        Token* token = tokens_ = static_cast<Token *>(allocator_->Malloc(tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token) + length * sizeof(Ch)));
+        Ch* name = nameBuffer_ = reinterpret_cast<Ch *>(tokens_ + tokenCount_);
+        size_t i = 0;
+
+        // Detect if it is a URI fragment
+        bool uriFragment = false;
+        if (source[i] == '#') {
+            uriFragment = true;
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        if (i != length && source[i] != '/') {
+            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorTokenMustBeginWithSolidus;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        while (i < length) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(source[i] == '/');
+            i++; // consumes '/'
+
+            token->name = name;
+            bool isNumber = true;
+
+            while (i < length && source[i] != '/') {
+                Ch c = source[i];
+                if (uriFragment) {
+                    // Decoding percent-encoding for URI fragment
+                    if (c == '%') {
+                        PercentDecodeStream is(&source[i], source + length);
+                        GenericInsituStringStream<EncodingType> os(name);
+                        Ch* begin = os.PutBegin();
+                        if (!Transcoder<UTF8<>, EncodingType>().Validate(is, os) || !is.IsValid()) {
+                            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidPercentEncoding;
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        size_t len = os.PutEnd(begin);
+                        i += is.Tell() - 1;
+                        if (len == 1)
+                            c = *name;
+                        else {
+                            name += len;
+                            isNumber = false;
+                            i++;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (NeedPercentEncode(c)) {
+                        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorCharacterMustPercentEncode;
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                i++;
+
+                // Escaping "~0" -> '~', "~1" -> '/'
+                if (c == '~') {
+                    if (i < length) {
+                        c = source[i];
+                        if (c == '0')       c = '~';
+                        else if (c == '1')  c = '/';
+                        else {
+                            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape;
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        i++;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape;
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // First check for index: all of characters are digit
+                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+                    isNumber = false;
+
+                *name++ = c;
+            }
+            token->length = static_cast<SizeType>(name - token->name);
+            if (token->length == 0)
+                isNumber = false;
+            *name++ = '\0'; // Null terminator
+
+            // Second check for index: more than one digit cannot have leading zero
+            if (isNumber && token->length > 1 && token->name[0] == '0')
+                isNumber = false;
+
+            // String to SizeType conversion
+            SizeType n = 0;
+            if (isNumber) {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < token->length; j++) {
+                    SizeType m = n * 10 + static_cast<SizeType>(token->name[j] - '0');
+                    if (m < n) {   // overflow detection
+                        isNumber = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    n = m;
+                }
+            }
+
+            token->index = isNumber ? n : kPointerInvalidIndex;
+            token++;
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name <= nameBuffer_ + length); // Should not overflow buffer
+        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorNone;
+        return;
+
+    error:
+        Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+        nameBuffer_ = 0;
+        tokens_ = 0;
+        tokenCount_ = 0;
+        parseErrorOffset_ = i;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //! Stringify to string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam uriFragment True for stringifying to URI fragment representation. False for string representation.
+        \tparam OutputStream type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<bool uriFragment, typename OutputStream>
+    bool Stringify(OutputStream& os) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+
+        if (uriFragment)
+            os.Put('#');
+
+        for (Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            os.Put('/');
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < t->length; j++) {
+                Ch c = t->name[j];
+                if (c == '~') {
+                    os.Put('~');
+                    os.Put('0');
+                }
+                else if (c == '/') {
+                    os.Put('~');
+                    os.Put('1');
+                }
+                else if (uriFragment && NeedPercentEncode(c)) { 
+                    // Transcode to UTF8 sequence
+                    GenericStringStream<typename ValueType::EncodingType> source(&t->name[j]);
+                    PercentEncodeStream<OutputStream> target(os);
+                    if (!Transcoder<EncodingType, UTF8<> >().Validate(source, target))
+                        return false;
+                    j += source.Tell() - 1;
+                }
+                else
+                    os.Put(c);
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! A helper stream for decoding a percent-encoded sequence into code unit.
+    /*!
+        This stream decodes %XY triplet into code unit (0-255).
+        If it encounters invalid characters, it sets output code unit as 0 and 
+        mark invalid, and to be checked by IsValid().
+    */
+    class PercentDecodeStream {
+    public:
+        typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+        //! Constructor
+        /*!
+            \param source Start of the stream
+            \param end Past-the-end of the stream.
+        */
+        PercentDecodeStream(const Ch* source, const Ch* end) : src_(source), head_(source), end_(end), valid_(true) {}
+
+        Ch Take() {
+            if (*src_ != '%' || src_ + 3 > end_) { // %XY triplet
+                valid_ = false;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            src_++;
+            Ch c = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                c = static_cast<Ch>(c << 4);
+                Ch h = *src_;
+                if      (h >= '0' && h <= '9') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - '0');
+                else if (h >= 'A' && h <= 'F') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - 'A' + 10);
+                else if (h >= 'a' && h <= 'f') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - 'a' + 10);
+                else {
+                    valid_ = false;
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                src_++;
+            }
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+        bool IsValid() const { return valid_; }
+
+    private:
+        const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+        const Ch* head_;    //!< Original head of the string.
+        const Ch* end_;     //!< Past-the-end position.
+        bool valid_;        //!< Whether the parsing is valid.
+    };
+
+    //! A helper stream to encode character (UTF-8 code unit) into percent-encoded sequence.
+    template <typename OutputStream>
+    class PercentEncodeStream {
+    public:
+        PercentEncodeStream(OutputStream& os) : os_(os) {}
+        void Put(char c) { // UTF-8 must be byte
+            unsigned char u = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+            static const char hexDigits[16] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
+            os_.Put('%');
+            os_.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(hexDigits[u >> 4]));
+            os_.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(hexDigits[u & 15]));
+        }
+    private:
+        OutputStream& os_;
+    };
+
+    Allocator* allocator_;                  //!< The current allocator. It is either user-supplied or equal to ownAllocator_.
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;               //!< Allocator owned by this Pointer.
+    Ch* nameBuffer_;                        //!< A buffer containing all names in tokens.
+    Token* tokens_;                         //!< A list of tokens.
+    size_t tokenCount_;                     //!< Number of tokens in tokens_.
+    size_t parseErrorOffset_;               //!< Offset in code unit when parsing fail.
+    PointerParseErrorCode parseErrorCode_;  //!< Parsing error code.
+};
+
+//! GenericPointer for Value (UTF-8, default allocator).
+typedef GenericPointer<Value> Pointer;
+
+//!@name Helper functions for GenericPointer
+//@{
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Create(root, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Create(root, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer) {
+    return pointer.Create(document);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N]) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Create(document);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return pointer.Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(const T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return pointer.Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType (&source)[N], size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+const typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(const T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::ValueType& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::Ch* defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, T2 defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::ValueType& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::Ch* defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::ValueType& defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::Ch* defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, T2 defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::ValueType& defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::Ch* defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::Ch* value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, T2 value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::Ch* value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::Ch* value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, T2 value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::Ch* value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Swap(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Swap(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Swap(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Swap(document, value);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+bool EraseValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer) {
+    return pointer.Erase(root);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+bool EraseValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N]) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Erase(root);
+}
+
+//@}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/prettywriter.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe45df1d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PRETTYWRITER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRETTYWRITER_H_
+
+#include "writer.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Combination of PrettyWriter format flags.
+/*! \see PrettyWriter::SetFormatOptions
+ */
+enum PrettyFormatOptions {
+    kFormatDefault = 0,         //!< Default pretty formatting.
+    kFormatSingleLineArray = 1  //!< Format arrays on a single line.
+};
+
+//! Writer with indentation and spacing.
+/*!
+    \tparam OutputStream Type of output os.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of source string.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of output stream.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Type of allocator for allocating memory of stack.
+*/
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding = UTF8<>, typename TargetEncoding = UTF8<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator, unsigned writeFlags = kWriteDefaultFlags>
+class PrettyWriter : public Writer<OutputStream, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding, StackAllocator, writeFlags> {
+public:
+    typedef Writer<OutputStream, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding, StackAllocator, writeFlags> Base;
+    typedef typename Base::Ch Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! \param os Output stream.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator. If it is null, it will create a private one.
+        \param levelDepth Initial capacity of stack.
+    */
+    explicit PrettyWriter(OutputStream& os, StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = Base::kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        Base(os, allocator, levelDepth), indentChar_(' '), indentCharCount_(4), formatOptions_(kFormatDefault) {}
+
+
+    explicit PrettyWriter(StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = Base::kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        Base(allocator, levelDepth), indentChar_(' '), indentCharCount_(4), formatOptions_(kFormatDefault) {}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    PrettyWriter(PrettyWriter&& rhs) :
+        Base(std::forward<PrettyWriter>(rhs)), indentChar_(rhs.indentChar_), indentCharCount_(rhs.indentCharCount_), formatOptions_(rhs.formatOptions_) {}
+#endif
+
+    //! Set custom indentation.
+    /*! \param indentChar       Character for indentation. Must be whitespace character (' ', '\\t', '\\n', '\\r').
+        \param indentCharCount  Number of indent characters for each indentation level.
+        \note The default indentation is 4 spaces.
+    */
+    PrettyWriter& SetIndent(Ch indentChar, unsigned indentCharCount) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(indentChar == ' ' || indentChar == '\t' || indentChar == '\n' || indentChar == '\r');
+        indentChar_ = indentChar;
+        indentCharCount_ = indentCharCount;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Set pretty writer formatting options.
+    /*! \param options Formatting options.
+    */
+    PrettyWriter& SetFormatOptions(PrettyFormatOptions options) {
+        formatOptions_ = options;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*! @name Implementation of Handler
+        \see Handler
+    */
+    //@{
+
+    bool Null()                 { PrettyPrefix(kNullType);   return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteNull()); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)           { PrettyPrefix(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteBool(b)); }
+    bool Int(int i)             { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteInt(i)); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)       { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteUint(u)); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i64)     { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteInt64(i64)); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u64)   { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteUint64(u64));  }
+    bool Double(double d)       { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteDouble(d)); }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0);
+        (void)copy;
+        PrettyPrefix(kNumberType);
+        return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0);
+        (void)copy;
+        PrettyPrefix(kStringType);
+        return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool String(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return String(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        PrettyPrefix(kObjectType);
+        new (Base::level_stack_.template Push<typename Base::Level>()) typename Base::Level(false);
+        return Base::WriteStartObject();
+    }
+
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool Key(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Key(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+	
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(typename Base::Level)); // not inside an Object
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>()->inArray); // currently inside an Array, not Object
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(0 == Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>()->valueCount % 2); // Object has a Key without a Value
+       
+        bool empty = Base::level_stack_.template Pop<typename Base::Level>(1)->valueCount == 0;
+
+        if (!empty) {
+            Base::os_->Put('\n');
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        bool ret = Base::EndValue(Base::WriteEndObject());
+        (void)ret;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(ret == true);
+        if (Base::level_stack_.Empty()) // end of json text
+            Base::Flush();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        PrettyPrefix(kArrayType);
+        new (Base::level_stack_.template Push<typename Base::Level>()) typename Base::Level(true);
+        return Base::WriteStartArray();
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(typename Base::Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>()->inArray);
+        bool empty = Base::level_stack_.template Pop<typename Base::Level>(1)->valueCount == 0;
+
+        if (!empty && !(formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)) {
+            Base::os_->Put('\n');
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        bool ret = Base::EndValue(Base::WriteEndArray());
+        (void)ret;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(ret == true);
+        if (Base::level_stack_.Empty()) // end of json text
+            Base::Flush();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    /*! @name Convenience extensions */
+    //@{
+
+    //! Simpler but slower overload.
+    bool String(const Ch* str) { return String(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str) { return Key(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Write a raw JSON value.
+    /*!
+        For user to write a stringified JSON as a value.
+
+        \param json A well-formed JSON value. It should not contain null character within [0, length - 1] range.
+        \param length Length of the json.
+        \param type Type of the root of json.
+        \note When using PrettyWriter::RawValue(), the result json may not be indented correctly.
+    */
+    bool RawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length, Type type) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(json != 0);
+        PrettyPrefix(type);
+        return Base::EndValue(Base::WriteRawValue(json, length));
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void PrettyPrefix(Type type) {
+        (void)type;
+        if (Base::level_stack_.GetSize() != 0) { // this value is not at root
+            typename Base::Level* level = Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>();
+
+            if (level->inArray) {
+                if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                    Base::os_->Put(','); // add comma if it is not the first element in array
+                    if (formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)
+                        Base::os_->Put(' ');
+                }
+
+                if (!(formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)) {
+                    Base::os_->Put('\n');
+                    WriteIndent();
+                }
+            }
+            else {  // in object
+                if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                    if (level->valueCount % 2 == 0) {
+                        Base::os_->Put(',');
+                        Base::os_->Put('\n');
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        Base::os_->Put(':');
+                        Base::os_->Put(' ');
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    Base::os_->Put('\n');
+
+                if (level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                    WriteIndent();
+            }
+            if (!level->inArray && level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kStringType);  // if it's in object, then even number should be a name
+            level->valueCount++;
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Base::hasRoot_);  // Should only has one and only one root.
+            Base::hasRoot_ = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void WriteIndent()  {
+        size_t count = (Base::level_stack_.GetSize() / sizeof(typename Base::Level)) * indentCharCount_;
+        PutN(*Base::os_, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(indentChar_), count);
+    }
+
+    Ch indentChar_;
+    unsigned indentCharCount_;
+    PrettyFormatOptions formatOptions_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    PrettyWriter(const PrettyWriter&);
+    PrettyWriter& operator=(const PrettyWriter&);
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/rapidjson.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/rapidjson.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ea694795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/rapidjson.h
@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
+
+/*!\file rapidjson.h
+    \brief common definitions and configuration
+
+    \see RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+ */
+
+/*! \defgroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG RapidJSON configuration
+    \brief Configuration macros for library features
+
+    Some RapidJSON features are configurable to adapt the library to a wide
+    variety of platforms, environments and usage scenarios.  Most of the
+    features can be configured in terms of overridden or predefined
+    preprocessor macros at compile-time.
+
+    Some additional customization is available in the \ref RAPIDJSON_ERRORS APIs.
+
+    \note These macros should be given on the compiler command-line
+          (where applicable)  to avoid inconsistent values when compiling
+          different translation units of a single application.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdlib>  // malloc(), realloc(), free(), size_t
+#include <cstring>  // memset(), memcpy(), memmove(), memcmp()
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING
+//
+// ALWAYS synchronize the following 3 macros with corresponding variables in /CMakeLists.txt.
+//
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+// token stringification
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(x) RAPIDJSON_DO_STRINGIFY(x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+
+// token concatenation
+#define RAPIDJSON_JOIN(X, Y) RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN(X, Y)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN(X, Y) RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN2(X, Y)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN2(X, Y) X##Y
+//!@endcond
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Major version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Minor version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Patch version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Version of RapidJSON in "<major>.<minor>.<patch>" string format.
+*/
+#define RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION 0
+#define RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING \
+    RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION.RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION.RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_(BEGIN|END)
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace
+
+    In order to avoid symbol clashes and/or "One Definition Rule" errors
+    between multiple inclusions of (different versions of) RapidJSON in
+    a single binary, users can customize the name of the main RapidJSON
+    namespace.
+
+    In case of a single nesting level, defining \c RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+    to a custom name (e.g. \c MyRapidJSON) is sufficient.  If multiple
+    levels are needed, both \ref RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN and \ref
+    RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END need to be defined as well:
+
+    \code
+    // in some .cpp file
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE my::rapidjson
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace my { namespace rapidjson {
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END   } }
+    #include "rapidjson/..."
+    \endcode
+
+    \see rapidjson
+ */
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace (opening expression)
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace (closing expression)
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE rapidjson
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE {
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END }
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// __cplusplus macro
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define RAPIDJSON_CPLUSPLUS _MSVC_LANG
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_CPLUSPLUS __cplusplus
+#endif
+
+//!@endcond
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1 // force generation of documentation
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 0 // no std::string support by default
+#endif
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Enable RapidJSON support for \c std::string
+
+    By defining this preprocessor symbol to \c 1, several convenience functions for using
+    \ref rapidjson::GenericValue with \c std::string are enabled, especially
+    for construction and comparison.
+
+    \hideinitializer
+*/
+#endif // !defined(RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING)
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+#include <string>
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Enable RapidJSON support for object members handling in a \c std::multimap
+
+    By defining this preprocessor symbol to \c 1, \ref rapidjson::GenericValue object
+    members are stored in a \c std::multimap for faster lookup and deletion times, a
+    trade off with a slightly slower insertion time and a small object allocat(or)ed
+    memory overhead.
+
+    \hideinitializer
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+#define RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP 0 // not by default
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Use external 64-bit integer types.
+
+    RapidJSON requires the 64-bit integer types \c int64_t and  \c uint64_t types
+    to be available at global scope.
+
+    If users have their own definition, define RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE to
+    prevent RapidJSON from defining its own types.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1800) // Visual Studio 2013
+#include "msinttypes/stdint.h"
+#include "msinttypes/inttypes.h"
+#else
+// Other compilers should have this.
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+//!@endcond
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64TYPEDEF
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(NDEBUG)
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE __forceinline
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4 && defined(NDEBUG)
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+#endif
+//!@endcond
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+#define RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN  0   //!< Little endian machine
+#define RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN     1   //!< Big endian machine
+
+//! Endianness of the machine.
+/*!
+    \def RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+
+    GCC 4.6 provided macro for detecting endianness of the target machine. But other
+    compilers may not have this. User can define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN to either
+    \ref RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN or \ref RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN.
+
+    Default detection implemented with reference to
+    \li https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.6.0/cpp/Common-Predefined-Macros.html
+    \li http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_42_0/boost/detail/endian.hpp
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+// Detect with GCC 4.6's macro
+#  ifdef __BYTE_ORDER__
+#    if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#    elif __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#    else
+#      error Unknown machine endianness detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.
+#    endif // __BYTE_ORDER__
+// Detect with GLIBC's endian.h
+#  elif defined(__GLIBC__)
+#    include <endian.h>
+#    if (__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#    elif (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#    else
+#      error Unknown machine endianness detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.
+#   endif // __GLIBC__
+// Detect with _LITTLE_ENDIAN and _BIG_ENDIAN macro
+#  elif defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(_BIG_ENDIAN) && !defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+// Detect with architecture macros
+#  elif defined(__sparc) || defined(__sparc__) || defined(_POWER) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__hpux) || defined(__hppa) || defined(_MIPSEB) || defined(_POWER) || defined(__s390__)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#  elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__alpha__) || defined(__ia64) || defined(__ia64__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_IA64) || defined(_M_ALPHA) || defined(__amd64) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__bfin__)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_M_ARM) || defined(_M_ARM64))
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+#  else
+#    error Unknown machine endianness detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.
+#  endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+
+//! Whether using 64-bit architecture
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+#if defined(__LP64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__ILP32__)) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_64BIT 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_64BIT 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ALIGN
+
+//! Data alignment of the machine.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x pointer to align
+
+    Some machines require strict data alignment. The default is 8 bytes.
+    User can customize by defining the RAPIDJSON_ALIGN function macro.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALIGN
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(x) (((x) + static_cast<size_t>(7u)) & ~static_cast<size_t>(7u))
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2
+
+//! Construct a 64-bit literal by a pair of 32-bit integer.
+/*!
+    64-bit literal with or without ULL suffix is prone to compiler warnings.
+    UINT64_C() is C macro which cause compilation problems.
+    Use this macro to define 64-bit constants by a pair of 32-bit integer.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2
+#define RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(high32, low32) ((static_cast<uint64_t>(high32) << 32) | static_cast<uint64_t>(low32))
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+//! Use only lower 48-bit address for some pointers.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+
+    This optimization uses the fact that current X86-64 architecture only implement lower 48-bit virtual address.
+    The higher 16-bit can be used for storing other data.
+    \c GenericValue uses this optimization to reduce its size form 24 bytes to 16 bytes in 64-bit architecture.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__amd64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_AMD64)
+#define RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION == 1
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT != 1
+#error RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION can only be set to 1 when RAPIDJSON_64BIT=1
+#endif
+#define RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(type, p, x) (p = reinterpret_cast<type *>((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) & static_cast<uintptr_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFF0000, 0x00000000))) | reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(x))))
+#define RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(type, p) (reinterpret_cast<type *>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) & static_cast<uintptr_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0000FFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(type, p, x) (p = (x))
+#define RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(type, p) (p)
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_SSE2/RAPIDJSON_SSE42/RAPIDJSON_NEON/RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Enable SSE2/SSE4.2/Neon optimization.
+
+    RapidJSON supports optimized implementations for some parsing operations
+    based on the SSE2, SSE4.2 or NEon SIMD extensions on modern Intel
+    or ARM compatible processors.
+
+    To enable these optimizations, three different symbols can be defined;
+    \code
+    // Enable SSE2 optimization.
+    #define RAPIDJSON_SSE2
+
+    // Enable SSE4.2 optimization.
+    #define RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+    \endcode
+
+    // Enable ARM Neon optimization.
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NEON
+    \endcode
+
+    \c RAPIDJSON_SSE42 takes precedence over SSE2, if both are defined.
+
+    If any of these symbols is defined, RapidJSON defines the macro
+    \c RAPIDJSON_SIMD to indicate the availability of the optimized code.
+*/
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42) \
+    || defined(RAPIDJSON_NEON) || defined(RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
+#define RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-provided \c SizeType definition.
+
+    In order to avoid using 32-bit size types for indexing strings and arrays,
+    define this preprocessor symbol and provide the type rapidjson::SizeType
+    before including RapidJSON:
+    \code
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+    namespace rapidjson { typedef ::std::size_t SizeType; }
+    #include "rapidjson/..."
+    \endcode
+
+    \see rapidjson::SizeType
+*/
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+#endif
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+//! Size type (for string lengths, array sizes, etc.)
+/*! RapidJSON uses 32-bit array/string indices even on 64-bit platforms,
+    instead of using \c size_t. Users may override the SizeType by defining
+    \ref RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE.
+*/
+typedef unsigned SizeType;
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+#endif
+
+// always import std::size_t to rapidjson namespace
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+using std::size_t;
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+
+//! Assertion.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    By default, rapidjson uses C \c assert() for internal assertions.
+    User can override it by defining RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x) macro.
+
+    \note Parsing errors are handled and can be customized by the
+          \ref RAPIDJSON_ERRORS APIs.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+#include <cassert>
+#define RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+
+// Prefer C++11 static_assert, if available
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+#if RAPIDJSON_CPLUSPLUS >= 201103L || ( defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800 )
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(x) \
+   static_assert(x, RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(x))
+#endif // C++11
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+
+// Adopt C++03 implementation from boost
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+#ifndef __clang__
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#endif
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+template <bool x> struct STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE;
+template <> struct STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<true> { enum { value = 1 }; };
+template <size_t x> struct StaticAssertTest {};
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE __attribute__((unused))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE 
+#endif
+#ifndef __clang__
+//!@endcond
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+    \brief (Internal) macro to check for conditions at compile-time
+    \param x compile-time condition
+    \hideinitializer
+ */
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(x) \
+    typedef ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::StaticAssertTest< \
+      sizeof(::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<bool(x) >)> \
+    RAPIDJSON_JOIN(StaticAssertTypedef, __LINE__) RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_LIKELY, RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY
+
+//! Compiler branching hint for expression with high probability to be true.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x Boolean expression likely to be true.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_LIKELY
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+//! Compiler branching hint for expression with low probability to be true.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x Boolean expression unlikely to be true.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Helpers
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN do {
+#define RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END \
+} while((void)0, 0)
+
+// adopted from Boost
+#define RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(x,y,z) \
+  (((x)*100000) + ((y)*100) + (z))
+
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_BUILTIN(x) __has_builtin(x)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_BUILTIN(x) 0
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH/POP, RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_GNUC \
+    RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(__GNUC__,__GNUC_MINOR__,__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,2,0))
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(x) _Pragma(RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(x))
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(x) RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) \
+    RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(ignored RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(RAPIDJSON_JOIN(-W,x)))
+
+// push/pop support in Clang and GCC>=4.6
+#if defined(__clang__) || (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,6,0))
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(push)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP  RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(pop)
+#else // GCC >= 4.2, < 4.6
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP /* ignored */
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// pragma (MSVC specific)
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(x) __pragma(x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(x) RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(warning(x))
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(disable: x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(push)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP  RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(pop)
+
+#else
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH   /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP    /* ignored */
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DIAG_*
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// C++11 features
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11 (RAPIDJSON_CPLUSPLUS >= 201103L)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 1
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_feature(cxx_rvalue_references) && \
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) || defined(__GLIBCXX__) && __GLIBCXX__ >= 20080306)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 0
+#endif
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,3,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)) || \
+      (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600) || \
+      (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC >= 0x5140 && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#include <utility> // std::move
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 1
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT __has_feature(cxx_noexcept)
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,6,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)) || \
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900) || \
+    (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC >= 0x5140 && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 0
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT throw()
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#endif
+
+// no automatic detection, yet
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR __has_feature(cxx_range_for)
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,6,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)) || \
+      (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700) || \
+      (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC >= 0x5140 && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// C++17 features
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX17
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX17 (RAPIDJSON_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L)
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX17
+# define RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
+#elif defined(__has_cpp_attribute)
+# if __has_cpp_attribute(clang::fallthrough)
+#  define RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
+# elif __has_cpp_attribute(fallthrough)
+#  define RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH __attribute__((fallthrough))
+# else
+#  define RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH
+# endif
+#else
+# define RAPIDJSON_DELIBERATE_FALLTHROUGH
+#endif
+
+//!@endcond
+
+//! Assertion (in non-throwing contexts).
+ /*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    Some functions provide a \c noexcept guarantee, if the compiler supports it.
+    In these cases, the \ref RAPIDJSON_ASSERT macro cannot be overridden to
+    throw an exception.  This macro adds a separate customization point for
+    such cases.
+
+    Defaults to C \c assert() (as \ref RAPIDJSON_ASSERT), if \c noexcept is
+    supported, and to \ref RAPIDJSON_ASSERT otherwise.
+ */
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_ASSERT_THROWS
+#include <cassert>
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(x) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x)
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ASSERT_THROWS
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// malloc/realloc/free
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_MALLOC
+///! customization point for global \c malloc
+#define RAPIDJSON_MALLOC(size) std::malloc(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_REALLOC
+///! customization point for global \c realloc
+#define RAPIDJSON_REALLOC(ptr, new_size) std::realloc(ptr, new_size)
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FREE
+///! customization point for global \c free
+#define RAPIDJSON_FREE(ptr) std::free(ptr)
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// new/delete
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NEW
+///! customization point for global \c new
+#define RAPIDJSON_NEW(TypeName) new TypeName
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DELETE
+///! customization point for global \c delete
+#define RAPIDJSON_DELETE(x) delete x
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Type
+
+/*! \namespace rapidjson
+    \brief main RapidJSON namespace
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Type of JSON value
+enum Type {
+    kNullType = 0,      //!< null
+    kFalseType = 1,     //!< false
+    kTrueType = 2,      //!< true
+    kObjectType = 3,    //!< object
+    kArrayType = 4,     //!< array
+    kStringType = 5,    //!< string
+    kNumberType = 6     //!< number
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/reader.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/reader.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55546601e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/reader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2246 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
+
+/*! \file reader.h */
+
+#include "allocators.h"
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "encodedstream.h"
+#include "internal/clzll.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+#include "internal/strtod.h"
+#include <limits>
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SIMD) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#endif
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+#include <nmmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_NEON)
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(old-style-cast)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127)  // conditional expression is constant
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOTHING /* deliberately empty */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(value) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(HasParseError())) { return value; } \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(RAPIDJSON_NOTHING)
+//!@endcond
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \brief Macro to indicate a parse error.
+    \param parseErrorCode \ref rapidjson::ParseErrorCode of the error
+    \param offset  position of the error in JSON input (\c size_t)
+
+    This macros can be used as a customization point for the internal
+    error handling mechanism of RapidJSON.
+
+    A common usage model is to throw an exception instead of requiring the
+    caller to explicitly check the \ref rapidjson::GenericReader::Parse's
+    return value:
+
+    \code
+    #define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode,offset) \
+       throw ParseException(parseErrorCode, #parseErrorCode, offset)
+
+    #include <stdexcept>               // std::runtime_error
+    #include "rapidjson/error/error.h" // rapidjson::ParseResult
+
+    struct ParseException : std::runtime_error, rapidjson::ParseResult {
+      ParseException(rapidjson::ParseErrorCode code, const char* msg, size_t offset)
+        : std::runtime_error(msg), ParseResult(code, offset) {}
+    };
+
+    #include "rapidjson/reader.h"
+    \endcode
+
+    \see RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR, rapidjson::GenericReader::Parse
+ */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode, offset) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!HasParseError()); /* Error can only be assigned once */ \
+    SetParseError(parseErrorCode, offset); \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \brief (Internal) macro to indicate and handle a parse error.
+    \param parseErrorCode \ref rapidjson::ParseErrorCode of the error
+    \param offset  position of the error in JSON input (\c size_t)
+
+    Invokes RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN and stops the parsing.
+
+    \see RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+    \hideinitializer
+ */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(parseErrorCode, offset) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode, offset); \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID; \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+
+#include "error/error.h" // ParseErrorCode, ParseResult
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ParseFlag
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kParseDefaultFlags definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c ParseFlag combinations.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS kParseNoFlags
+#endif
+
+//! Combination of parseFlags
+/*! \see Reader::Parse, Document::Parse, Document::ParseInsitu, Document::ParseStream
+ */
+enum ParseFlag {
+    kParseNoFlags = 0,              //!< No flags are set.
+    kParseInsituFlag = 1,           //!< In-situ(destructive) parsing.
+    kParseValidateEncodingFlag = 2, //!< Validate encoding of JSON strings.
+    kParseIterativeFlag = 4,        //!< Iterative(constant complexity in terms of function call stack size) parsing.
+    kParseStopWhenDoneFlag = 8,     //!< After parsing a complete JSON root from stream, stop further processing the rest of stream. When this flag is used, parser will not generate kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular error.
+    kParseFullPrecisionFlag = 16,   //!< Parse number in full precision (but slower).
+    kParseCommentsFlag = 32,        //!< Allow one-line (//) and multi-line (/**/) comments.
+    kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag = 64,    //!< Parse all numbers (ints/doubles) as strings.
+    kParseTrailingCommasFlag = 128, //!< Allow trailing commas at the end of objects and arrays.
+    kParseNanAndInfFlag = 256,      //!< Allow parsing NaN, Inf, Infinity, -Inf and -Infinity as doubles.
+    kParseEscapedApostropheFlag = 512,  //!< Allow escaped apostrophe in strings.
+    kParseDefaultFlags = RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS  //!< Default parse flags. Can be customized by defining RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Handler
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Handler
+    \brief Concept for receiving events from GenericReader upon parsing.
+    The functions return true if no error occurs. If they return false,
+    the event publisher should terminate the process.
+\code
+concept Handler {
+    typename Ch;
+
+    bool Null();
+    bool Bool(bool b);
+    bool Int(int i);
+    bool Uint(unsigned i);
+    bool Int64(int64_t i);
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t i);
+    bool Double(double d);
+    /// enabled via kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag, string is not null-terminated (use length)
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool StartObject();
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount);
+    bool StartArray();
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BaseReaderHandler
+
+//! Default implementation of Handler.
+/*! This can be used as base class of any reader handler.
+    \note implements Handler concept
+*/
+template<typename Encoding = UTF8<>, typename Derived = void>
+struct BaseReaderHandler {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    typedef typename internal::SelectIf<internal::IsSame<Derived, void>, BaseReaderHandler, Derived>::Type Override;
+
+    bool Default() { return true; }
+    bool Null() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Bool(bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int(int) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Double(double) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    /// enabled via kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag, string is not null-terminated (use length)
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool String(const Ch*, SizeType, bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartObject() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool EndObject(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartArray() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool EndArray(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// StreamLocalCopy
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template<typename Stream, int = StreamTraits<Stream>::copyOptimization>
+class StreamLocalCopy;
+
+//! Do copy optimization.
+template<typename Stream>
+class StreamLocalCopy<Stream, 1> {
+public:
+    StreamLocalCopy(Stream& original) : s(original), original_(original) {}
+    ~StreamLocalCopy() { original_ = s; }
+
+    Stream s;
+
+private:
+    StreamLocalCopy& operator=(const StreamLocalCopy&) /* = delete */;
+
+    Stream& original_;
+};
+
+//! Keep reference.
+template<typename Stream>
+class StreamLocalCopy<Stream, 0> {
+public:
+    StreamLocalCopy(Stream& original) : s(original) {}
+
+    Stream& s;
+
+private:
+    StreamLocalCopy& operator=(const StreamLocalCopy&) /* = delete */;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SkipWhitespace
+
+//! Skip the JSON white spaces in a stream.
+/*! \param is A input stream for skipping white spaces.
+    \note This function has SSE2/SSE4.2 specialization.
+*/
+template<typename InputStream>
+void SkipWhitespace(InputStream& is) {
+    internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+    InputStream& s(copy.s);
+
+    typename InputStream::Ch c;
+    while ((c = s.Peek()) == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t')
+        s.Take();
+}
+
+inline const char* SkipWhitespace(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    while (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    return p;
+}
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+//! Skip whitespace with SSE 4.2 pcmpistrm instruction, testing 16 8-byte characters at once.
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // 16-byte align to the next boundary
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+            ++p;
+        else
+            return p;
+
+    // The rest of string using SIMD
+    static const char whitespace[16] = " \n\r\t";
+    const __m128i w = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespace[0]));
+
+    for (;; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const int r = _mm_cmpistri(w, s, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_LEAST_SIGNIFICANT | _SIDD_NEGATIVE_POLARITY);
+        if (r != 16)    // some of characters is non-whitespace
+            return p + r;
+    }
+}
+
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // The middle of string using SIMD
+    static const char whitespace[16] = " \n\r\t";
+    const __m128i w = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespace[0]));
+
+    for (; p <= end - 16; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const int r = _mm_cmpistri(w, s, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_LEAST_SIGNIFICANT | _SIDD_NEGATIVE_POLARITY);
+        if (r != 16)    // some of characters is non-whitespace
+            return p + r;
+    }
+
+    return SkipWhitespace(p, end);
+}
+
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+
+//! Skip whitespace with SSE2 instructions, testing 16 8-byte characters at once.
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // 16-byte align to the next boundary
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+            ++p;
+        else
+            return p;
+
+    // The rest of string
+    #define C16(c) { c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c }
+    static const char whitespaces[4][16] = { C16(' '), C16('\n'), C16('\r'), C16('\t') };
+    #undef C16
+
+    const __m128i w0 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[0][0]));
+    const __m128i w1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[1][0]));
+    const __m128i w2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[2][0]));
+    const __m128i w3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[3][0]));
+
+    for (;; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        __m128i x = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w0);
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w1));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w2));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w3));
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(~_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters may be non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // The rest of string
+    #define C16(c) { c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c }
+    static const char whitespaces[4][16] = { C16(' '), C16('\n'), C16('\r'), C16('\t') };
+    #undef C16
+
+    const __m128i w0 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[0][0]));
+    const __m128i w1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[1][0]));
+    const __m128i w2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[2][0]));
+    const __m128i w3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[3][0]));
+
+    for (; p <= end - 16; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        __m128i x = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w0);
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w1));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w2));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w3));
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(~_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters may be non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SkipWhitespace(p, end);
+}
+
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_NEON)
+
+//! Skip whitespace with ARM Neon instructions, testing 16 8-byte characters at once.
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // 16-byte align to the next boundary
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+            ++p;
+        else
+            return p;
+
+    const uint8x16_t w0 = vmovq_n_u8(' ');
+    const uint8x16_t w1 = vmovq_n_u8('\n');
+    const uint8x16_t w2 = vmovq_n_u8('\r');
+    const uint8x16_t w3 = vmovq_n_u8('\t');
+
+    for (;; p += 16) {
+        const uint8x16_t s = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(p));
+        uint8x16_t x = vceqq_u8(s, w0);
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, w1));
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, w2));
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, w3));
+
+        x = vmvnq_u8(x);                       // Negate
+        x = vrev64q_u8(x);                     // Rev in 64
+        uint64_t low = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 0);   // extract
+        uint64_t high = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 1);  // extract
+
+        if (low == 0) {
+            if (high != 0) {
+                uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(high);
+                return p + 8 + (lz >> 3);
+            }
+        } else {
+            uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(low);
+            return p + (lz >> 3);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    const uint8x16_t w0 = vmovq_n_u8(' ');
+    const uint8x16_t w1 = vmovq_n_u8('\n');
+    const uint8x16_t w2 = vmovq_n_u8('\r');
+    const uint8x16_t w3 = vmovq_n_u8('\t');
+
+    for (; p <= end - 16; p += 16) {
+        const uint8x16_t s = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(p));
+        uint8x16_t x = vceqq_u8(s, w0);
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, w1));
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, w2));
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, w3));
+
+        x = vmvnq_u8(x);                       // Negate
+        x = vrev64q_u8(x);                     // Rev in 64
+        uint64_t low = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 0);   // extract
+        uint64_t high = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 1);  // extract
+
+        if (low == 0) {
+            if (high != 0) {
+                uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(high);
+                return p + 8 + (lz >> 3);
+            }
+        } else {
+            uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(low);
+            return p + (lz >> 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SkipWhitespace(p, end);
+}
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NEON
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+//! Template function specialization for InsituStringStream
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(InsituStringStream& is) {
+    is.src_ = const_cast<char*>(SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.src_));
+}
+
+//! Template function specialization for StringStream
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(StringStream& is) {
+    is.src_ = SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.src_);
+}
+
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(EncodedInputStream<UTF8<>, MemoryStream>& is) {
+    is.is_.src_ = SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.is_.src_, is.is_.end_);
+}
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericReader
+
+//! SAX-style JSON parser. Use \ref Reader for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*! GenericReader parses JSON text from a stream, and send events synchronously to an
+    object implementing Handler concept.
+
+    It needs to allocate a stack for storing a single decoded string during
+    non-destructive parsing.
+
+    For in-situ parsing, the decoded string is directly written to the source
+    text string, no temporary buffer is required.
+
+    A GenericReader object can be reused for parsing multiple JSON text.
+
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of the input stream.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of the parse output.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator type for stack.
+*/
+template <typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericReader {
+public:
+    typedef typename SourceEncoding::Ch Ch; //!< SourceEncoding character type
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*! \param stackAllocator Optional allocator for allocating stack memory. (Only use for non-destructive parsing)
+        \param stackCapacity stack capacity in bytes for storing a single decoded string.  (Only use for non-destructive parsing)
+    */
+    GenericReader(StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity) :
+        stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_(), state_(IterativeParsingStartState) {}
+
+    //! Parse JSON text.
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept.
+        \tparam Handler Type of handler, implementing Handler concept.
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \param handler The handler to receive events.
+        \return Whether the parsing is successful.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult Parse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        if (parseFlags & kParseIterativeFlag)
+            return IterativeParse<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+
+        parseResult_.Clear();
+
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() == '\0')) {
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, is.Tell());
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        }
+        else {
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag)) {
+                SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() != '\0')) {
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, is.Tell());
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \tparam Handler Type of handler, implementing Handler concept.
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \param handler The handler to receive events.
+        \return Whether the parsing is successful.
+    */
+    template <typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult Parse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(is, handler);
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize JSON text token-by-token parsing
+    /*!
+     */
+    void IterativeParseInit() {
+        parseResult_.Clear();
+        state_ = IterativeParsingStartState;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse one token from JSON text
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \tparam Handler Type of handler, implementing Handler concept.
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \param handler The handler to receive events.
+        \return Whether the parsing is successful.
+     */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    bool IterativeParseNext(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Peek() != '\0')) {
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+
+            Token t = Tokenize(is.Peek());
+            IterativeParsingState n = Predict(state_, t);
+            IterativeParsingState d = Transit<parseFlags>(state_, t, n, is, handler);
+
+            // If we've finished or hit an error...
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(IsIterativeParsingCompleteState(d))) {
+                // Report errors.
+                if (d == IterativeParsingErrorState) {
+                    HandleError(state_, is);
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // Transition to the finish state.
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(d == IterativeParsingFinishState);
+                state_ = d;
+
+                // If StopWhenDone is not set...
+                if (!(parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag)) {
+                    // ... and extra non-whitespace data is found...
+                    SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                    if (is.Peek() != '\0') {
+                        // ... this is considered an error.
+                        HandleError(state_, is);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Success! We are done!
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // Transition to the new state.
+            state_ = d;
+
+            // If we parsed anything other than a delimiter, we invoked the handler, so we can return true now.
+            if (!IsIterativeParsingDelimiterState(n))
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        // We reached the end of file.
+        stack_.Clear();
+
+        if (state_ != IterativeParsingFinishState) {
+            HandleError(state_, is);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Check if token-by-token parsing JSON text is complete
+    /*! \return Whether the JSON has been fully decoded.
+     */
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool IterativeParseComplete() const {
+        return IsIterativeParsingCompleteState(state_);
+    }
+
+    //! Whether a parse error has occurred in the last parsing.
+    bool HasParseError() const { return parseResult_.IsError(); }
+
+    //! Get the \ref ParseErrorCode of last parsing.
+    ParseErrorCode GetParseErrorCode() const { return parseResult_.Code(); }
+
+    //! Get the position of last parsing error in input, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t GetErrorOffset() const { return parseResult_.Offset(); }
+
+protected:
+    void SetParseError(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset) { parseResult_.Set(code, offset); }
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    GenericReader(const GenericReader&);
+    GenericReader& operator=(const GenericReader&);
+
+    void ClearStack() { stack_.Clear(); }
+
+    // clear stack on any exit from ParseStream, e.g. due to exception
+    struct ClearStackOnExit {
+        explicit ClearStackOnExit(GenericReader& r) : r_(r) {}
+        ~ClearStackOnExit() { r_.ClearStack(); }
+    private:
+        GenericReader& r_;
+        ClearStackOnExit(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        ClearStackOnExit& operator=(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+    };
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream>
+    void SkipWhitespaceAndComments(InputStream& is) {
+        SkipWhitespace(is);
+
+        if (parseFlags & kParseCommentsFlag) {
+            while (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(Consume(is, '/'))) {
+                if (Consume(is, '*')) {
+                    while (true) {
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() == '\0'))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError, is.Tell());
+                        else if (Consume(is, '*')) {
+                            if (Consume(is, '/'))
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        else
+                            is.Take();
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, '/')))
+                    while (is.Peek() != '\0' && is.Take() != '\n') {}
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError, is.Tell());
+
+                SkipWhitespace(is);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse object: { string : value, ... }
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseObject(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == '{');
+        is.Take();  // Skip '{'
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartObject()))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+        if (Consume(is, '}')) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(0)))  // empty object
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (SizeType memberCount = 0;;) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() != '"'))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell());
+
+            ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler, true);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!Consume(is, ':')))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissColon, is.Tell());
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ++memberCount;
+
+            switch (is.Peek()) {
+                case ',':
+                    is.Take();
+                    SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                    break;
+                case '}':
+                    is.Take();
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(memberCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    return;
+                default:
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket, is.Tell()); break; // This useless break is only for making warning and coverage happy
+            }
+
+            if (parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) {
+                if (is.Peek() == '}') {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(memberCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    is.Take();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse array: [ value, ... ]
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseArray(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == '[');
+        is.Take();  // Skip '['
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartArray()))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+        if (Consume(is, ']')) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(0))) // empty array
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (SizeType elementCount = 0;;) {
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ++elementCount;
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            if (Consume(is, ',')) {
+                SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            }
+            else if (Consume(is, ']')) {
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(elementCount)))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket, is.Tell());
+
+            if (parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) {
+                if (is.Peek() == ']') {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(elementCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    is.Take();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseNull(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 'n');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'u') && Consume(is, 'l') && Consume(is, 'l'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Null()))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseTrue(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 't');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'r') && Consume(is, 'u') && Consume(is, 'e'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Bool(true)))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseFalse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 'f');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'a') && Consume(is, 'l') && Consume(is, 's') && Consume(is, 'e'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Bool(false)))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Consume(InputStream& is, typename InputStream::Ch expect) {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Peek() == expect)) {
+            is.Take();
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // Helper function to parse four hexadecimal digits in \uXXXX in ParseString().
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    unsigned ParseHex4(InputStream& is, size_t escapeOffset) {
+        unsigned codepoint = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            Ch c = is.Peek();
+            codepoint <<= 4;
+            codepoint += static_cast<unsigned>(c);
+            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                codepoint -= '0';
+            else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+                codepoint -= 'A' - 10;
+            else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+                codepoint -= 'a' - 10;
+            else {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex, escapeOffset);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(0);
+            }
+            is.Take();
+        }
+        return codepoint;
+    }
+
+    template <typename CharType>
+    class StackStream {
+    public:
+        typedef CharType Ch;
+
+        StackStream(internal::Stack<StackAllocator>& stack) : stack_(stack), length_(0) {}
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Put(Ch c) {
+            *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c;
+            ++length_;
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void* Push(SizeType count) {
+            length_ += count;
+            return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count);
+        }
+
+        size_t Length() const { return length_; }
+
+        Ch* Pop() {
+            return stack_.template Pop<Ch>(length_);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        StackStream(const StackStream&);
+        StackStream& operator=(const StackStream&);
+
+        internal::Stack<StackAllocator>& stack_;
+        SizeType length_;
+    };
+
+    // Parse string and generate String event. Different code paths for kParseInsituFlag.
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseString(InputStream& is, Handler& handler, bool isKey = false) {
+        internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+        InputStream& s(copy.s);
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s.Peek() == '\"');
+        s.Take();  // Skip '\"'
+
+        bool success = false;
+        if (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) {
+            typename InputStream::Ch *head = s.PutBegin();
+            ParseStringToStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding, SourceEncoding>(s, s);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            size_t length = s.PutEnd(head) - 1;
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length <= 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = reinterpret_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch*>(head);
+            success = (isKey ? handler.Key(str, SizeType(length), false) : handler.String(str, SizeType(length), false));
+        }
+        else {
+            StackStream<typename TargetEncoding::Ch> stackStream(stack_);
+            ParseStringToStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>(s, stackStream);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(stackStream.Length()) - 1;
+            const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = stackStream.Pop();
+            success = (isKey ? handler.Key(str, length, true) : handler.String(str, length, true));
+        }
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!success))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, s.Tell());
+    }
+
+    // Parse string to an output is
+    // This function handles the prefix/suffix double quotes, escaping, and optional encoding validation.
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename SEncoding, typename TEncoding, typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ParseStringToStream(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define Z16 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+        static const char escape[256] = {
+            Z16, Z16, 0, 0,'\"', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '/',
+            Z16, Z16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'\\', 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0,'\b', 0, 0, 0,'\f', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'\n', 0,
+            0, 0,'\r', 0,'\t', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16
+        };
+#undef Z16
+//!@endcond
+
+        for (;;) {
+            // Scan and copy string before "\\\"" or < 0x20. This is an optional optimzation.
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseValidateEncodingFlag))
+                ScanCopyUnescapedString(is, os);
+
+            Ch c = is.Peek();
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(c == '\\')) {    // Escape
+                size_t escapeOffset = is.Tell();    // For invalid escaping, report the initial '\\' as error offset
+                is.Take();
+                Ch e = is.Peek();
+                if ((sizeof(Ch) == 1 || unsigned(e) < 256) && RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(e)])) {
+                    is.Take();
+                    os.Put(static_cast<typename TEncoding::Ch>(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(e)]));
+                }
+                else if ((parseFlags & kParseEscapedApostropheFlag) && RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(e == '\'')) { // Allow escaped apostrophe
+                    is.Take();
+                    os.Put('\'');
+                }
+                else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(e == 'u')) {    // Unicode
+                    is.Take();
+                    unsigned codepoint = ParseHex4(is, escapeOffset);
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(codepoint >= 0xD800 && codepoint <= 0xDFFF)) {
+                        // high surrogate, check if followed by valid low surrogate
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(codepoint <= 0xDBFF)) {
+                            // Handle UTF-16 surrogate pair
+                            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!Consume(is, '\\') || !Consume(is, 'u')))
+                                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid, escapeOffset);
+                            unsigned codepoint2 = ParseHex4(is, escapeOffset);
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(codepoint2 < 0xDC00 || codepoint2 > 0xDFFF))
+                                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid, escapeOffset);
+                            codepoint = (((codepoint - 0xD800) << 10) | (codepoint2 - 0xDC00)) + 0x10000;
+                        }
+                        // single low surrogate
+                        else
+                        {
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid, escapeOffset);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TEncoding::Encode(os, codepoint);
+                }
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid, escapeOffset);
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(c == '"')) {    // Closing double quote
+                is.Take();
+                os.Put('\0');   // null-terminate the string
+                return;
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 0x20)) { // RFC 4627: unescaped = %x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-10FFFF
+                if (c == '\0')
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark, is.Tell());
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding, is.Tell());
+            }
+            else {
+                size_t offset = is.Tell();
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY((parseFlags & kParseValidateEncodingFlag ?
+                    !Transcoder<SEncoding, TEncoding>::Validate(is, os) :
+                    !Transcoder<SEncoding, TEncoding>::Transcode(is, os))))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding, offset);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(InputStream&, OutputStream&) {
+            // Do nothing for generic version
+    }
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+    // StringStream -> StackStream<char>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(StringStream& is, StackStream<char>& os) {
+        const char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                os.Put(*p++);
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16]  = { 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x1F) == 0x1F
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                SizeType length;
+    #ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+    #else
+                length = static_cast<SizeType>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+    #endif
+                if (length != 0) {
+                    char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os.Push(length));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+                        q[i] = p[i];
+
+                    p += length;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(os.Push(16)), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+    }
+
+    // InsituStringStream -> InsituStringStream
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is, InsituStringStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(&is == &os);
+        (void)os;
+
+        if (is.src_ == is.dst_) {
+            SkipUnescapedString(is);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        char* p = is.src_;
+        char *q = is.dst_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                is.dst_ = q;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                *q++ = *p++;
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16] = { 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16, q += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x1F) == 0x1F
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                size_t length;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+#else
+                length = static_cast<size_t>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+                for (const char* pend = p + length; p != pend; )
+                    *q++ = *p++;
+                break;
+            }
+            _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(q), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+        is.dst_ = q;
+    }
+
+    // When read/write pointers are the same for insitu stream, just skip unescaped characters
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void SkipUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.src_ == is.dst_);
+        char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        for (; p != nextAligned; p++)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16] = { 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x1F) == 0x1F
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                size_t length;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+#else
+                length = static_cast<size_t>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+                p += length;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+    }
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_NEON)
+    // StringStream -> StackStream<char>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(StringStream& is, StackStream<char>& os) {
+        const char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                os.Put(*p++);
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        const uint8x16_t s0 = vmovq_n_u8('"');
+        const uint8x16_t s1 = vmovq_n_u8('\\');
+        const uint8x16_t s2 = vmovq_n_u8('\b');
+        const uint8x16_t s3 = vmovq_n_u8(32);
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const uint8x16_t s = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(p));
+            uint8x16_t x = vceqq_u8(s, s0);
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s1));
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s2));
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vcltq_u8(s, s3));
+
+            x = vrev64q_u8(x);                     // Rev in 64
+            uint64_t low = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 0);   // extract
+            uint64_t high = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 1);  // extract
+
+            SizeType length = 0;
+            bool escaped = false;
+            if (low == 0) {
+                if (high != 0) {
+                    uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(high);
+                    length = 8 + (lz >> 3);
+                    escaped = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(low);
+                length = lz >> 3;
+                escaped = true;
+            }
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(escaped)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                if (length != 0) {
+                    char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os.Push(length));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+                        q[i] = p[i];
+
+                    p += length;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            vst1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(os.Push(16)), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+    }
+
+    // InsituStringStream -> InsituStringStream
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is, InsituStringStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(&is == &os);
+        (void)os;
+
+        if (is.src_ == is.dst_) {
+            SkipUnescapedString(is);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        char* p = is.src_;
+        char *q = is.dst_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                is.dst_ = q;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                *q++ = *p++;
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        const uint8x16_t s0 = vmovq_n_u8('"');
+        const uint8x16_t s1 = vmovq_n_u8('\\');
+        const uint8x16_t s2 = vmovq_n_u8('\b');
+        const uint8x16_t s3 = vmovq_n_u8(32);
+
+        for (;; p += 16, q += 16) {
+            const uint8x16_t s = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(p));
+            uint8x16_t x = vceqq_u8(s, s0);
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s1));
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s2));
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vcltq_u8(s, s3));
+
+            x = vrev64q_u8(x);                     // Rev in 64
+            uint64_t low = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 0);   // extract
+            uint64_t high = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 1);  // extract
+
+            SizeType length = 0;
+            bool escaped = false;
+            if (low == 0) {
+                if (high != 0) {
+                    uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(high);
+                    length = 8 + (lz >> 3);
+                    escaped = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(low);
+                length = lz >> 3;
+                escaped = true;
+            }
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(escaped)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                for (const char* pend = p + length; p != pend; ) {
+                    *q++ = *p++;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            vst1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(q), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+        is.dst_ = q;
+    }
+
+    // When read/write pointers are the same for insitu stream, just skip unescaped characters
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void SkipUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.src_ == is.dst_);
+        char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        for (; p != nextAligned; p++)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        const uint8x16_t s0 = vmovq_n_u8('"');
+        const uint8x16_t s1 = vmovq_n_u8('\\');
+        const uint8x16_t s2 = vmovq_n_u8('\b');
+        const uint8x16_t s3 = vmovq_n_u8(32);
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const uint8x16_t s = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(p));
+            uint8x16_t x = vceqq_u8(s, s0);
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s1));
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s2));
+            x = vorrq_u8(x, vcltq_u8(s, s3));
+
+            x = vrev64q_u8(x);                     // Rev in 64
+            uint64_t low = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 0);   // extract
+            uint64_t high = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 1);  // extract
+
+            if (low == 0) {
+                if (high != 0) {
+                    uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(high);
+                    p += 8 + (lz >> 3);
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(low);
+                p += lz >> 3;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NEON
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename StackCharacter, bool backup, bool pushOnTake>
+    class NumberStream;
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename StackCharacter>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, StackCharacter, false, false> {
+    public:
+        typedef typename InputStream::Ch Ch;
+
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& s) : is(s) { (void)reader;  }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Peek() const { return is.Peek(); }
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch TakePush() { return is.Take(); }
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Take() { return is.Take(); }
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Push(char) {}
+
+        size_t Tell() { return is.Tell(); }
+        size_t Length() { return 0; }
+        const StackCharacter* Pop() { return 0; }
+
+    protected:
+        NumberStream& operator=(const NumberStream&);
+
+        InputStream& is;
+    };
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename StackCharacter>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, StackCharacter, true, false> : public NumberStream<InputStream, StackCharacter, false, false> {
+        typedef NumberStream<InputStream, StackCharacter, false, false> Base;
+    public:
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& s) : Base(reader, s), stackStream(reader.stack_) {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch TakePush() {
+            stackStream.Put(static_cast<StackCharacter>(Base::is.Peek()));
+            return Base::is.Take();
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Push(StackCharacter c) {
+            stackStream.Put(c);
+        }
+
+        size_t Length() { return stackStream.Length(); }
+
+        const StackCharacter* Pop() {
+            stackStream.Put('\0');
+            return stackStream.Pop();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        StackStream<StackCharacter> stackStream;
+    };
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename StackCharacter>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, StackCharacter, true, true> : public NumberStream<InputStream, StackCharacter, true, false> {
+        typedef NumberStream<InputStream, StackCharacter, true, false> Base;
+    public:
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& s) : Base(reader, s) {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Take() { return Base::TakePush(); }
+    };
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseNumber(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        typedef typename internal::SelectIf<internal::BoolType<(parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) != 0>, typename TargetEncoding::Ch, char>::Type NumberCharacter;
+
+        internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+        NumberStream<InputStream, NumberCharacter,
+            ((parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) != 0) ?
+                ((parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) == 0) :
+                ((parseFlags & kParseFullPrecisionFlag) != 0),
+            (parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) != 0 &&
+                (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) == 0> s(*this, copy.s);
+
+        size_t startOffset = s.Tell();
+        double d = 0.0;
+        bool useNanOrInf = false;
+
+        // Parse minus
+        bool minus = Consume(s, '-');
+
+        // Parse int: zero / ( digit1-9 *DIGIT )
+        unsigned i = 0;
+        uint64_t i64 = 0;
+        bool use64bit = false;
+        int significandDigit = 0;
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() == '0')) {
+            i = 0;
+            s.TakePush();
+        }
+        else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '1' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+            i = static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+
+            if (minus)
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i >= 214748364)) { // 2^31 = 2147483648
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i != 214748364 || s.Peek() > '8')) {
+                            i64 = i;
+                            use64bit = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    i = i * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+            else
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i >= 429496729)) { // 2^32 - 1 = 4294967295
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i != 429496729 || s.Peek() > '5')) {
+                            i64 = i;
+                            use64bit = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    i = i * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+        }
+        // Parse NaN or Infinity here
+        else if ((parseFlags & kParseNanAndInfFlag) && RAPIDJSON_LIKELY((s.Peek() == 'I' || s.Peek() == 'N'))) {
+            if (Consume(s, 'N')) {
+                if (Consume(s, 'a') && Consume(s, 'N')) {
+                    d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+                    useNanOrInf = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(s, 'I'))) {
+                if (Consume(s, 'n') && Consume(s, 'f')) {
+                    d = (minus ? -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() : std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+                    useNanOrInf = true;
+
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() == 'i' && !(Consume(s, 'i') && Consume(s, 'n')
+                                                                && Consume(s, 'i') && Consume(s, 't') && Consume(s, 'y')))) {
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!useNanOrInf)) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+            }
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+
+        // Parse 64bit int
+        bool useDouble = false;
+        if (use64bit) {
+            if (minus)
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                     if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i64 >= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0CCCCCCC, 0xCCCCCCCC))) // 2^63 = 9223372036854775808
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i64 != RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0CCCCCCC, 0xCCCCCCCC) || s.Peek() > '8')) {
+                            d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+                            useDouble = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+            else
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i64 >= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999))) // 2^64 - 1 = 18446744073709551615
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i64 != RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) || s.Peek() > '5')) {
+                            d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+                            useDouble = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        // Force double for big integer
+        if (useDouble) {
+            while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                d = d * 10 + (s.TakePush() - '0');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parse frac = decimal-point 1*DIGIT
+        int expFrac = 0;
+        size_t decimalPosition;
+        if (Consume(s, '.')) {
+            decimalPosition = s.Length();
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberMissFraction, s.Tell());
+
+            if (!useDouble) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+                // Use i64 to store significand in 64-bit architecture
+                if (!use64bit)
+                    i64 = i;
+
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (i64 > RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x1FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF)) // 2^53 - 1 for fast path
+                        break;
+                    else {
+                        i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                        --expFrac;
+                        if (i64 != 0)
+                            significandDigit++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+#else
+                // Use double to store significand in 32-bit architecture
+                d = static_cast<double>(use64bit ? i64 : i);
+#endif
+                useDouble = true;
+            }
+
+            while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                if (significandDigit < 17) {
+                    d = d * 10.0 + (s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    --expFrac;
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(d > 0.0))
+                        significandDigit++;
+                }
+                else
+                    s.TakePush();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+            decimalPosition = s.Length(); // decimal position at the end of integer.
+
+        // Parse exp = e [ minus / plus ] 1*DIGIT
+        int exp = 0;
+        if (Consume(s, 'e') || Consume(s, 'E')) {
+            if (!useDouble) {
+                d = static_cast<double>(use64bit ? i64 : i);
+                useDouble = true;
+            }
+
+            bool expMinus = false;
+            if (Consume(s, '+'))
+                ;
+            else if (Consume(s, '-'))
+                expMinus = true;
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                exp = static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                if (expMinus) {
+                    // (exp + expFrac) must not underflow int => we're detecting when -exp gets
+                    // dangerously close to INT_MIN (a pessimistic next digit 9 would push it into
+                    // underflow territory):
+                    //
+                    //        -(exp * 10 + 9) + expFrac >= INT_MIN
+                    //   <=>  exp <= (expFrac - INT_MIN - 9) / 10
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(expFrac <= 0);
+                    int maxExp = (expFrac + 2147483639) / 10;
+
+                    while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                        exp = exp * 10 + static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(exp > maxExp)) {
+                            while (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9'))  // Consume the rest of exponent
+                                s.Take();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else {  // positive exp
+                    int maxExp = 308 - expFrac;
+                    while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                        exp = exp * 10 + static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(exp > maxExp))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberTooBig, startOffset);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberMissExponent, s.Tell());
+
+            if (expMinus)
+                exp = -exp;
+        }
+
+        // Finish parsing, call event according to the type of number.
+        bool cont = true;
+
+        if (parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) {
+            if (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) {
+                s.Pop();  // Pop stack no matter if it will be used or not.
+                typename InputStream::Ch* head = is.PutBegin();
+                const size_t length = s.Tell() - startOffset;
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length <= 0xFFFFFFFF);
+                // unable to insert the \0 character here, it will erase the comma after this number
+                const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = reinterpret_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch*>(head);
+                cont = handler.RawNumber(str, SizeType(length), false);
+            }
+            else {
+                SizeType numCharsToCopy = static_cast<SizeType>(s.Length());
+                GenericStringStream<UTF8<NumberCharacter> > srcStream(s.Pop());
+                StackStream<typename TargetEncoding::Ch> dstStream(stack_);
+                while (numCharsToCopy--) {
+                    Transcoder<UTF8<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>, TargetEncoding>::Transcode(srcStream, dstStream);
+                }
+                dstStream.Put('\0');
+                const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* str = dstStream.Pop();
+                const SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(dstStream.Length()) - 1;
+                cont = handler.RawNumber(str, SizeType(length), true);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+           size_t length = s.Length();
+           const NumberCharacter* decimal = s.Pop();  // Pop stack no matter if it will be used or not.
+
+           if (useDouble) {
+               int p = exp + expFrac;
+               if (parseFlags & kParseFullPrecisionFlag)
+                   d = internal::StrtodFullPrecision(d, p, decimal, length, decimalPosition, exp);
+               else
+                   d = internal::StrtodNormalPrecision(d, p);
+
+               // Use > max, instead of == inf, to fix bogus warning -Wfloat-equal
+               if (d > (std::numeric_limits<double>::max)()) {
+                   // Overflow
+                   // TODO: internal::StrtodX should report overflow (or underflow)
+                   RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberTooBig, startOffset);
+               }
+
+               cont = handler.Double(minus ? -d : d);
+           }
+           else if (useNanOrInf) {
+               cont = handler.Double(d);
+           }
+           else {
+               if (use64bit) {
+                   if (minus)
+                       cont = handler.Int64(static_cast<int64_t>(~i64 + 1));
+                   else
+                       cont = handler.Uint64(i64);
+               }
+               else {
+                   if (minus)
+                       cont = handler.Int(static_cast<int32_t>(~i + 1));
+                   else
+                       cont = handler.Uint(i);
+               }
+           }
+        }
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!cont))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, startOffset);
+    }
+
+    // Parse any JSON value
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseValue(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        switch (is.Peek()) {
+            case 'n': ParseNull  <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case 't': ParseTrue  <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case 'f': ParseFalse <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '"': ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '{': ParseObject<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '[': ParseArray <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            default :
+                      ParseNumber<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+                      break;
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Iterative Parsing
+
+    // States
+    enum IterativeParsingState {
+        IterativeParsingFinishState = 0, // sink states at top
+        IterativeParsingErrorState,      // sink states at top
+        IterativeParsingStartState,
+
+        // Object states
+        IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberValueState,
+        IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,
+
+        // Array states
+        IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,
+        IterativeParsingElementState,
+        IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,
+
+        // Single value state
+        IterativeParsingValueState,
+
+        // Delimiter states (at bottom)
+        IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState,
+
+        cIterativeParsingStateCount
+    };
+
+    // Tokens
+    enum Token {
+        LeftBracketToken = 0,
+        RightBracketToken,
+
+        LeftCurlyBracketToken,
+        RightCurlyBracketToken,
+
+        CommaToken,
+        ColonToken,
+
+        StringToken,
+        FalseToken,
+        TrueToken,
+        NullToken,
+        NumberToken,
+
+        kTokenCount
+    };
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Token Tokenize(Ch c) const {
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define N NumberToken
+#define N16 N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N
+        // Maps from ASCII to Token
+        static const unsigned char tokenMap[256] = {
+            N16, // 00~0F
+            N16, // 10~1F
+            N, N, StringToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, CommaToken, N, N, N, // 20~2F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, ColonToken, N, N, N, N, N, // 30~3F
+            N16, // 40~4F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, LeftBracketToken, N, RightBracketToken, N, N, // 50~5F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, FalseToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, NullToken, N, // 60~6F
+            N, N, N, N, TrueToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, LeftCurlyBracketToken, N, RightCurlyBracketToken, N, N, // 70~7F
+            N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16 // 80~FF
+        };
+#undef N
+#undef N16
+//!@endcond
+
+        if (sizeof(Ch) == 1 || static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 256)
+            return static_cast<Token>(tokenMap[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]);
+        else
+            return NumberToken;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE IterativeParsingState Predict(IterativeParsingState state, Token token) const {
+        // current state x one lookahead token -> new state
+        static const char G[cIterativeParsingStateCount][kTokenCount] = {
+            // Finish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Error(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Start
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,  // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState, // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // String
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingValueState          // Number
+            },
+            // ObjectInitial
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,  // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,     // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState          // Number
+            },
+            // MemberKey
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState, // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // MemberValue
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,      // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState,   // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // ObjectFinish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // ArrayInitial
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // String
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // False
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // True
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // Null
+                IterativeParsingElementState            // Number
+            },
+            // Element
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState,  // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // ArrayFinish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Single Value (sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // ElementDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // String
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // False
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // True
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // Null
+                IterativeParsingElementState            // Number
+            },
+            // MemberDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,  // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,     // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState          // Number
+            },
+            // KeyValueDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push MemberValue state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push MemberValue state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // String
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // False
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // True
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // Null
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState        // Number
+            },
+        }; // End of G
+
+        return static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(G[state][token]);
+    }
+
+    // Make an advance in the token stream and state based on the candidate destination state which was returned by Transit().
+    // May return a new state on state pop.
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE IterativeParsingState Transit(IterativeParsingState src, Token token, IterativeParsingState dst, InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        (void)token;
+
+        switch (dst) {
+        case IterativeParsingErrorState:
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingObjectInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingArrayInitialState:
+        {
+            // Push the state(Element or MemeberValue) if we are nested in another array or value of member.
+            // In this way we can get the correct state on ObjectFinish or ArrayFinish by frame pop.
+            IterativeParsingState n = src;
+            if (src == IterativeParsingArrayInitialState || src == IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState)
+                n = IterativeParsingElementState;
+            else if (src == IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState)
+                n = IterativeParsingMemberValueState;
+            // Push current state.
+            *stack_.template Push<SizeType>(1) = n;
+            // Initialize and push the member/element count.
+            *stack_.template Push<SizeType>(1) = 0;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = (dst == IterativeParsingObjectInitialState) ? handler.StartObject() : handler.StartArray();
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return dst;
+            }
+        }
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberKeyState:
+            ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler, true);
+            if (HasParseError())
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            else
+                return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState:
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token == ColonToken);
+            is.Take();
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberValueState:
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingElementState:
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState:
+        case IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState:
+            is.Take();
+            // Update member/element count.
+            *stack_.template Top<SizeType>() = *stack_.template Top<SizeType>() + 1;
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingObjectFinishState:
+        {
+            // Transit from delimiter is only allowed when trailing commas are enabled
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) && src == IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            // Get member count.
+            SizeType c = *stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1);
+            // If the object is not empty, count the last member.
+            if (src == IterativeParsingMemberValueState)
+                ++c;
+            // Restore the state.
+            IterativeParsingState n = static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(*stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1));
+            // Transit to Finish state if this is the topmost scope.
+            if (n == IterativeParsingStartState)
+                n = IterativeParsingFinishState;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = handler.EndObject(c);
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        case IterativeParsingArrayFinishState:
+        {
+            // Transit from delimiter is only allowed when trailing commas are enabled
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) && src == IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            // Get element count.
+            SizeType c = *stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1);
+            // If the array is not empty, count the last element.
+            if (src == IterativeParsingElementState)
+                ++c;
+            // Restore the state.
+            IterativeParsingState n = static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(*stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1));
+            // Transit to Finish state if this is the topmost scope.
+            if (n == IterativeParsingStartState)
+                n = IterativeParsingFinishState;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = handler.EndArray(c);
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        default:
+            // This branch is for IterativeParsingValueState actually.
+            // Use `default:` rather than
+            // `case IterativeParsingValueState:` is for code coverage.
+
+            // The IterativeParsingStartState is not enumerated in this switch-case.
+            // It is impossible for that case. And it can be caught by following assertion.
+
+            // The IterativeParsingFinishState is not enumerated in this switch-case either.
+            // It is a "derivative" state which cannot triggered from Predict() directly.
+            // Therefore it cannot happen here. And it can be caught by following assertion.
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dst == IterativeParsingValueState);
+
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return IterativeParsingFinishState;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    void HandleError(IterativeParsingState src, InputStream& is) {
+        if (HasParseError()) {
+            // Error flag has been set.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch (src) {
+        case IterativeParsingStartState:            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingFinishState:           RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingObjectInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState:  RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingMemberKeyState:        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissColon, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingMemberValueState:      RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState:
+        case IterativeParsingArrayInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState: RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell()); return;
+        default: RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(src == IterativeParsingElementState); RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket, is.Tell()); return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool IsIterativeParsingDelimiterState(IterativeParsingState s) const {
+        return s >= IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool IsIterativeParsingCompleteState(IterativeParsingState s) const {
+        return s <= IterativeParsingErrorState;
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult IterativeParse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        parseResult_.Clear();
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        IterativeParsingState state = IterativeParsingStartState;
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        while (is.Peek() != '\0') {
+            Token t = Tokenize(is.Peek());
+            IterativeParsingState n = Predict(state, t);
+            IterativeParsingState d = Transit<parseFlags>(state, t, n, is, handler);
+
+            if (d == IterativeParsingErrorState) {
+                HandleError(state, is);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            state = d;
+
+            // Do not further consume streams if a root JSON has been parsed.
+            if ((parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag) && state == IterativeParsingFinishState)
+                break;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        }
+
+        // Handle the end of file.
+        if (state != IterativeParsingFinishState)
+            HandleError(state, is);
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultStackCapacity = 256;    //!< Default stack capacity in bytes for storing a single decoded string.
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> stack_;  //!< A stack for storing decoded string temporarily during non-destructive parsing.
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+    IterativeParsingState state_;
+}; // class GenericReader
+
+//! Reader with UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+typedef GenericReader<UTF8<>, UTF8<> > Reader;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/schema.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/schema.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..973e935f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/schema.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3262 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available->
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip-> All rights reserved->
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License-> You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource->org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied-> See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License->
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
+
+#include "document.h"
+#include "pointer.h"
+#include "stringbuffer.h"
+#include "error/en.h"
+#include "uri.h"
+#include <cmath> // abs, floor
+
+#if !defined(RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX)
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#if !RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX && defined(RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX) && (__cplusplus >=201103L || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800))
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+#include "internal/regex.h"
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+#include <regex>
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX || RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE 0
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(weak-vtables)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(exit-time-destructors)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat-pedantic)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(variadic-macros)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Verbose Utilities
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+
+namespace internal {
+
+inline void PrintInvalidKeywordData(const char* keyword) {
+    printf("    Fail keyword: '%s'\n", keyword);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidKeywordData(const wchar_t* keyword) {
+    wprintf(L"    Fail keyword: '%ls'\n", keyword);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidDocumentData(const char* document) {
+    printf("    Fail document: '%s'\n", document);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidDocumentData(const wchar_t* document) {
+    wprintf(L"    Fail document: '%ls'\n", document);
+}
+
+inline void PrintValidatorPointersData(const char* s, const char* d, unsigned depth) {
+    printf("    Sch: %*s'%s'\n    Doc: %*s'%s'\n", depth * 4, " ", s, depth * 4, " ", d);
+}
+
+inline void PrintValidatorPointersData(const wchar_t* s, const wchar_t* d, unsigned depth) {
+    wprintf(L"    Sch: %*ls'%ls'\n    Doc: %*ls'%ls'\n", depth * 4, L" ", s, depth * 4, L" ", d);
+}
+
+inline void PrintSchemaIdsData(const char* base, const char* local, const char* resolved) {
+    printf("    Resolving id: Base: '%s', Local: '%s', Resolved: '%s'\n", base, local, resolved);
+}
+
+inline void PrintSchemaIdsData(const wchar_t* base, const wchar_t* local, const wchar_t* resolved) {
+    wprintf(L"    Resolving id: Base: '%ls', Local: '%ls', Resolved: '%ls'\n", base, local, resolved);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method) {
+    printf("%s\n", method);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, bool b) {
+    printf("%s, Data: '%s'\n", method, b ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, int64_t i) {
+    printf("%s, Data: '%" PRId64 "'\n", method, i);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, uint64_t u) {
+    printf("%s, Data: '%" PRIu64 "'\n", method, u);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, double d) {
+    printf("%s, Data: '%lf'\n", method, d);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, const char* s) {
+    printf("%s, Data: '%s'\n", method, s);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, const wchar_t* s) {
+    wprintf(L"%hs, Data: '%ls'\n", method, s);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+    printf("%s, Data: '%s', '%s'\n", method, s1, s2);
+}
+
+inline void PrintMethodData(const char* method, const wchar_t* s1, const wchar_t* s2) {
+    wprintf(L"%hs, Data: '%ls', '%ls'\n", method, s1, s2);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(name, ...) internal::Print##name##Data(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(name, ...)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(code)\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN\
+    context.invalidCode = code;\
+    context.invalidKeyword = SchemaType::GetValidateErrorKeyword(code).GetString();\
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(InvalidKeyword, context.invalidKeyword);\
+    return false;\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ValidateFlag
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VALIDATE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kValidateDefaultFlags definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c ValidateFlag combinations.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_VALIDATE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_VALIDATE_DEFAULT_FLAGS kValidateNoFlags
+#endif
+
+//! Combination of validate flags
+enum ValidateFlag {
+    kValidateNoFlags = 0,                                       //!< No flags are set.
+    kValidateContinueOnErrorFlag = 1,                           //!< Don't stop after first validation error.
+    kValidateReadFlag = 2,                                      //!< Validation is for a read semantic.
+    kValidateWriteFlag = 4,                                     //!< Validation is for a write semantic.
+    kValidateDefaultFlags = RAPIDJSON_VALIDATE_DEFAULT_FLAGS    //!< Default validate flags. Can be customized by defining RAPIDJSON_VALIDATE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Specification
+enum SchemaDraft {
+    kDraftUnknown = -1,
+    kDraftNone = 0,
+    kDraft03 = 3,
+    kDraftMin = 4,                       //!< Current minimum supported draft
+    kDraft04 = 4,
+    kDraft05 = 5,
+    kDraftMax = 5,                       //!< Current maximum supported draft
+    kDraft06 = 6,
+    kDraft07 = 7,
+    kDraft2019_09 = 8,
+    kDraft2020_12 = 9
+};
+
+enum OpenApiVersion {
+    kVersionUnknown = -1,
+    kVersionNone = 0,
+    kVersionMin = 2,                      //!< Current minimum supported version
+    kVersion20 = 2,
+    kVersion30 = 3,
+    kVersionMax = 3,                      //!< Current maximum supported version
+    kVersion31 = 4,
+};
+
+struct Specification {
+    Specification(SchemaDraft d) : draft(d), oapi(kVersionNone) {}
+    Specification(OpenApiVersion o) : oapi(o) {
+        if (oapi == kVersion20) draft = kDraft04;
+        else if (oapi == kVersion30) draft = kDraft05;
+        else if (oapi == kVersion31) draft = kDraft2020_12;
+        else draft = kDraft04;
+    }
+    ~Specification() {}
+    bool IsSupported() const {
+        return ((draft >= kDraftMin && draft <= kDraftMax) && ((oapi == kVersionNone) || (oapi >= kVersionMin && oapi <= kVersionMax)));
+    }
+    SchemaDraft draft;
+    OpenApiVersion oapi;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Forward declarations
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class Schema;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ISchemaValidator
+
+class ISchemaValidator {
+public:
+    virtual ~ISchemaValidator() {}
+    virtual bool IsValid() const = 0;
+    virtual void SetValidateFlags(unsigned flags) = 0;
+    virtual unsigned GetValidateFlags() const = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ISchemaStateFactory
+
+template <typename SchemaType>
+class ISchemaStateFactory {
+public:
+    virtual ~ISchemaStateFactory() {}
+    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType&, const bool inheritContinueOnErrors) = 0;
+    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) = 0;
+    virtual void* CreateHasher() = 0;
+    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) = 0;
+    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) = 0;
+    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual void FreeState(void* p) = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IValidationErrorHandler
+
+template <typename SchemaType>
+class IValidationErrorHandler {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::SValue SValue;
+
+    virtual ~IValidationErrorHandler() {}
+
+    virtual void NotMultipleOf(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected) = 0;
+    virtual void NotMultipleOf(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected) = 0;
+    virtual void NotMultipleOf(double actual, const SValue& expected) = 0;
+    virtual void AboveMaximum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
+    virtual void AboveMaximum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
+    virtual void AboveMaximum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
+    virtual void BelowMinimum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
+    virtual void BelowMinimum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
+    virtual void BelowMinimum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
+
+    virtual void TooLong(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) = 0;
+    virtual void TooShort(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) = 0;
+    virtual void DoesNotMatch(const Ch* str, SizeType length) = 0;
+
+    virtual void DisallowedItem(SizeType index) = 0;
+    virtual void TooFewItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
+    virtual void TooManyItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
+    virtual void DuplicateItems(SizeType index1, SizeType index2) = 0;
+
+    virtual void TooManyProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
+    virtual void TooFewProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
+    virtual void StartMissingProperties() = 0;
+    virtual void AddMissingProperty(const SValue& name) = 0;
+    virtual bool EndMissingProperties() = 0;
+    virtual void PropertyViolations(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
+    virtual void DisallowedProperty(const Ch* name, SizeType length) = 0;
+
+    virtual void StartDependencyErrors() = 0;
+    virtual void StartMissingDependentProperties() = 0;
+    virtual void AddMissingDependentProperty(const SValue& targetName) = 0;
+    virtual void EndMissingDependentProperties(const SValue& sourceName) = 0;
+    virtual void AddDependencySchemaError(const SValue& souceName, ISchemaValidator* subvalidator) = 0;
+    virtual bool EndDependencyErrors() = 0;
+
+    virtual void DisallowedValue(const ValidateErrorCode code) = 0;
+    virtual void StartDisallowedType() = 0;
+    virtual void AddExpectedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& expectedType) = 0;
+    virtual void EndDisallowedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& actualType) = 0;
+    virtual void NotAllOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
+    virtual void NoneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
+    virtual void NotOneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
+    virtual void MultipleOneOf(SizeType index1, SizeType index2) = 0;
+    virtual void Disallowed() = 0;
+    virtual void DisallowedWhenWriting() = 0;
+    virtual void DisallowedWhenReading() = 0;
+};
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Hasher
+
+// For comparison of compound value
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class Hasher {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    Hasher(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultSize) : stack_(allocator, stackCapacity) {}
+
+    bool Null() { return WriteType(kNullType); }
+    bool Bool(bool b) { return WriteType(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); }
+    bool Int(int i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Double(double d) {
+        Number n;
+        if (d < 0) n.u.i = static_cast<int64_t>(d);
+        else       n.u.u = static_cast<uint64_t>(d);
+        n.d = d;
+        return WriteNumber(n);
+    }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
+        WriteBuffer(kNumberType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
+        WriteBuffer(kStringType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject() { return true; }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) { 
+        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kObjectType);
+        uint64_t* kv = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(memberCount * 2);
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < memberCount; i++)
+            // Issue #2205
+            // Hasing the key to avoid key=value cases with bug-prone zero-value hash
+            h ^= Hash(Hash(0, kv[i * 2]), kv[i * 2 + 1]);  // Use xor to achieve member order insensitive
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    bool StartArray() { return true; }
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) { 
+        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kArrayType);
+        uint64_t* e = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(elementCount);
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < elementCount; i++)
+            h = Hash(h, e[i]); // Use hash to achieve element order sensitive
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool IsValid() const { return stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(uint64_t); }
+
+    uint64_t GetHashCode() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        return *stack_.template Top<uint64_t>();
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const size_t kDefaultSize = 256;
+    struct Number {
+        union U {
+            uint64_t u;
+            int64_t i;
+        }u;
+        double d;
+    };
+
+    bool WriteType(Type type) { return WriteBuffer(type, 0, 0); }
+    
+    bool WriteNumber(const Number& n) { return WriteBuffer(kNumberType, &n, sizeof(n)); }
+    
+    bool WriteBuffer(Type type, const void* data, size_t len) {
+        // FNV-1a from http://isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/
+        uint64_t h = Hash(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcbf29ce4, 0x84222325), type);
+        const unsigned char* d = static_cast<const unsigned char*>(data);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            h = Hash(h, d[i]);
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t Hash(uint64_t h, uint64_t d) {
+        static const uint64_t kPrime = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00000100, 0x000001b3);
+        h ^= d;
+        h *= kPrime;
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SchemaValidationContext
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+struct SchemaValidationContext {
+    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
+    typedef ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType> SchemaValidatorFactoryType;
+    typedef IValidationErrorHandler<SchemaType> ErrorHandlerType;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::ValueType ValueType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+    enum PatternValidatorType {
+        kPatternValidatorOnly,
+        kPatternValidatorWithProperty,
+        kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty
+    };
+
+    SchemaValidationContext(SchemaValidatorFactoryType& f, ErrorHandlerType& eh, const SchemaType* s, unsigned fl = 0) :
+        factory(f),
+        error_handler(eh),
+        schema(s),
+        flags(fl),
+        valueSchema(),
+        invalidKeyword(),
+        invalidCode(),
+        hasher(),
+        arrayElementHashCodes(),
+        validators(),
+        validatorCount(),
+        patternPropertiesValidators(),
+        patternPropertiesValidatorCount(),
+        patternPropertiesSchemas(),
+        patternPropertiesSchemaCount(),
+        valuePatternValidatorType(kPatternValidatorOnly),
+        propertyExist(),
+        inArray(false),
+        valueUniqueness(false),
+        arrayUniqueness(false)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~SchemaValidationContext() {
+        if (hasher)
+            factory.DestroryHasher(hasher);
+        if (validators) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < validatorCount; i++) {
+                if (validators[i]) {
+                    factory.DestroySchemaValidator(validators[i]);
+                }
+            }
+            factory.FreeState(validators);
+        }
+        if (patternPropertiesValidators) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i++) {
+                if (patternPropertiesValidators[i]) {
+                    factory.DestroySchemaValidator(patternPropertiesValidators[i]);
+                }
+            }
+            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesValidators);
+        }
+        if (patternPropertiesSchemas)
+            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesSchemas);
+        if (propertyExist)
+            factory.FreeState(propertyExist);
+    }
+
+    SchemaValidatorFactoryType& factory;
+    ErrorHandlerType& error_handler;
+    const SchemaType* schema;
+    unsigned flags;
+    const SchemaType* valueSchema;
+    const Ch* invalidKeyword;
+    ValidateErrorCode invalidCode;
+    void* hasher; // Only validator access
+    void* arrayElementHashCodes; // Only validator access this
+    ISchemaValidator** validators;
+    SizeType validatorCount;
+    ISchemaValidator** patternPropertiesValidators;
+    SizeType patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+    const SchemaType** patternPropertiesSchemas;
+    SizeType patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
+    PatternValidatorType valuePatternValidatorType;
+    PatternValidatorType objectPatternValidatorType;
+    SizeType arrayElementIndex;
+    bool* propertyExist;
+    bool inArray;
+    bool valueUniqueness;
+    bool arrayUniqueness;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Schema
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class Schema {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef SchemaValidationContext<SchemaDocumentType> Context;
+    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
+    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, AllocatorType> SValue;
+    typedef IValidationErrorHandler<Schema> ErrorHandler;
+    typedef GenericUri<ValueType, AllocatorType> UriType;
+    friend class GenericSchemaDocument<ValueType, AllocatorType>;
+
+    Schema(SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& document, AllocatorType* allocator, const UriType& id = UriType()) :
+        allocator_(allocator),
+        uri_(schemaDocument->GetURI(), *allocator),
+        id_(id, allocator),
+        spec_(schemaDocument->GetSpecification()),
+        pointer_(p, allocator),
+        typeless_(schemaDocument->GetTypeless()),
+        enum_(),
+        enumCount_(),
+        not_(),
+        type_((1 << kTotalSchemaType) - 1), // typeless
+        validatorCount_(),
+        notValidatorIndex_(),
+        properties_(),
+        additionalPropertiesSchema_(),
+        patternProperties_(),
+        patternPropertyCount_(),
+        propertyCount_(),
+        minProperties_(),
+        maxProperties_(SizeType(~0)),
+        additionalProperties_(true),
+        hasDependencies_(),
+        hasRequired_(),
+        hasSchemaDependencies_(),
+        additionalItemsSchema_(),
+        itemsList_(),
+        itemsTuple_(),
+        itemsTupleCount_(),
+        minItems_(),
+        maxItems_(SizeType(~0)),
+        additionalItems_(true),
+        uniqueItems_(false),
+        pattern_(),
+        minLength_(0),
+        maxLength_(~SizeType(0)),
+        exclusiveMinimum_(false),
+        exclusiveMaximum_(false),
+        defaultValueLength_(0),
+        readOnly_(false),
+        writeOnly_(false),
+        nullable_(false)
+    {
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        p.StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Schema", sb.GetString(), id.GetString());
+
+        typedef typename ValueType::ConstValueIterator ConstValueIterator;
+        typedef typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator ConstMemberIterator;
+
+        // PR #1393
+        // Early add this Schema and its $ref(s) in schemaDocument's map to avoid infinite
+        // recursion (with recursive schemas), since schemaDocument->getSchema() is always
+        // checked before creating a new one. Don't cache typeless_, though.
+        if (this != typeless_) {
+          typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaEntry SchemaEntry;
+          SchemaEntry *entry = schemaDocument->schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>();
+          new (entry) SchemaEntry(pointer_, this, true, allocator_);
+          schemaDocument->AddSchemaRefs(this);
+        }
+
+        if (!value.IsObject())
+            return;
+
+        // If we have an id property, resolve it with the in-scope id
+        // Not supported for open api 2.0 or 3.0
+        if (spec_.oapi != kVersion20 && spec_.oapi != kVersion30)
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetIdString())) {
+            if (v->IsString()) {
+                UriType local(*v, allocator);
+                id_ = local.Resolve(id_, allocator);
+                    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(SchemaIds, id.GetString(), v->GetString(), id_.GetString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetTypeString())) {
+            type_ = 0;
+            if (v->IsString())
+                AddType(*v);
+            else if (v->IsArray())
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr)
+                    AddType(*itr);
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetEnumString())) {
+            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
+                enum_ = static_cast<uint64_t*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(uint64_t) * v->Size()));
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr) {
+                    typedef Hasher<EncodingType, MemoryPoolAllocator<AllocatorType> > EnumHasherType;
+                    char buffer[256u + 24];
+                    MemoryPoolAllocator<AllocatorType> hasherAllocator(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+                    EnumHasherType h(&hasherAllocator, 256);
+                    itr->Accept(h);
+                    enum_[enumCount_++] = h.GetHashCode();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (schemaDocument)
+            AssignIfExist(allOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAllOfString(), document);
+
+        // AnyOf, OneOf, Not not supported for open api 2.0
+        if (schemaDocument && spec_.oapi != kVersion20) {
+            AssignIfExist(anyOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAnyOfString(), document);
+            AssignIfExist(oneOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetOneOfString(), document);
+
+            if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetNotString())) {
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&not_, p.Append(GetNotString(), allocator_), *v, document, id_);
+                notValidatorIndex_ = validatorCount_;
+                validatorCount_++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Object
+
+        const ValueType* properties = GetMember(value, GetPropertiesString());
+        const ValueType* required = GetMember(value, GetRequiredString());
+        const ValueType* dependencies = GetMember(value, GetDependenciesString());
+        {
+            // Gather properties from properties/required/dependencies
+            SValue allProperties(kArrayType);
+
+            if (properties && properties->IsObject())
+                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr)
+                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
+
+            if (required && required->IsArray())
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
+                    if (itr->IsString())
+                        AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *itr);
+
+            // Dependencies not supported for open api 2.0 and 3.0
+            if (spec_.oapi != kVersion20 && spec_.oapi != kVersion30)
+            if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject())
+                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
+                    if (itr->value.IsArray())
+                        for (ConstValueIterator i = itr->value.Begin(); i != itr->value.End(); ++i)
+                            if (i->IsString())
+                                AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *i);
+                }
+
+            if (allProperties.Size() > 0) {
+                propertyCount_ = allProperties.Size();
+                properties_ = static_cast<Property*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(Property) * propertyCount_));
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++) {
+                    new (&properties_[i]) Property();
+                    properties_[i].name = allProperties[i];
+                    properties_[i].schema = typeless_;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (properties && properties->IsObject()) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPropertiesString(), allocator_);
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                SizeType index;
+                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &index))
+                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[index].schema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document, id_);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // PatternProperties not supported for open api 2.0 and 3.0
+        if (spec_.oapi != kVersion20 && spec_.oapi != kVersion30)
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternPropertiesString())) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPatternPropertiesString(), allocator_);
+            patternProperties_ = static_cast<PatternProperty*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(PatternProperty) * v->MemberCount()));
+            patternPropertyCount_ = 0;
+
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = v->MemberBegin(); itr != v->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                new (&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_]) PatternProperty();
+                PointerType r = q.Append(itr->name, allocator_);
+                patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].pattern = CreatePattern(itr->name, schemaDocument, r);
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].schema, r, itr->value, document, id_);
+                patternPropertyCount_++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (required && required->IsArray())
+            for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
+                if (itr->IsString()) {
+                    SizeType index;
+                    if (FindPropertyIndex(*itr, &index)) {
+                        properties_[index].required = true;
+                        hasRequired_ = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+        // Dependencies not supported for open api 2.0 and 3.0
+        if (spec_.oapi != kVersion20 && spec_.oapi != kVersion30)
+        if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject()) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetDependenciesString(), allocator_);
+            hasDependencies_ = true;
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                SizeType sourceIndex;
+                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &sourceIndex)) {
+                    if (itr->value.IsArray()) {
+                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies = static_cast<bool*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
+                        std::memset(properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies, 0, sizeof(bool)* propertyCount_);
+                        for (ConstValueIterator targetItr = itr->value.Begin(); targetItr != itr->value.End(); ++targetItr) {
+                            SizeType targetIndex;
+                            if (FindPropertyIndex(*targetItr, &targetIndex))
+                                properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies[targetIndex] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (itr->value.IsObject()) {
+                        hasSchemaDependencies_ = true;
+                        schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesSchema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document, id_);
+                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesValidatorIndex = validatorCount_;
+                        validatorCount_++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalPropertiesString())) {
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                additionalProperties_ = v->GetBool();
+            else if (v->IsObject())
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalPropertiesSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalPropertiesString(), allocator_), *v, document, id_);
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(minProperties_, value, GetMinPropertiesString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxProperties_, value, GetMaxPropertiesString());
+
+        // Array
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetItemsString())) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetItemsString(), allocator_);
+            if (v->IsObject()) // List validation
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsList_, q, *v, document, id_);
+            else if (v->IsArray()) { // Tuple validation
+                itemsTuple_ = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(const Schema*) * v->Size()));
+                SizeType index = 0;
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr, index++)
+                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsTuple_[itemsTupleCount_++], q.Append(index, allocator_), *itr, document, id_);
+            }
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(minItems_, value, GetMinItemsString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxItems_, value, GetMaxItemsString());
+
+        // AdditionalItems not supported for openapi 2.0 and 3.0
+        if (spec_.oapi != kVersion20 && spec_.oapi != kVersion30)
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalItemsString())) {
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                additionalItems_ = v->GetBool();
+            else if (v->IsObject())
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalItemsSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalItemsString(), allocator_), *v, document, id_);
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(uniqueItems_, value, GetUniqueItemsString());
+
+        // String
+        AssignIfExist(minLength_, value, GetMinLengthString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxLength_, value, GetMaxLengthString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternString()))
+            pattern_ = CreatePattern(*v, schemaDocument, p.Append(GetPatternString(), allocator_));
+
+        // Number
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMinimumString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber())
+                minimum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMaximumString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber())
+                maximum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+
+        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMinimum_, value, GetExclusiveMinimumString());
+        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMaximum_, value, GetExclusiveMaximumString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMultipleOfString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber() && v->GetDouble() > 0.0)
+                multipleOf_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+
+        // Default
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetDefaultValueString()))
+            if (v->IsString())
+                defaultValueLength_ = v->GetStringLength();
+
+        // ReadOnly - open api only (until draft 7 supported)
+        // WriteOnly - open api 3 only (until draft 7 supported)
+        // Both can't be true
+        if (spec_.oapi != kVersionNone)
+            AssignIfExist(readOnly_, value, GetReadOnlyString());
+        if (spec_.oapi >= kVersion30)
+            AssignIfExist(writeOnly_, value, GetWriteOnlyString());
+        if (readOnly_ && writeOnly_)
+            schemaDocument->SchemaError(kSchemaErrorReadOnlyAndWriteOnly, p);
+
+        // Nullable - open api 3 only
+        // If true add 'null' as allowable type
+        if (spec_.oapi >= kVersion30) {
+            AssignIfExist(nullable_, value, GetNullableString());
+            if (nullable_)
+                AddType(GetNullString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~Schema() {
+        AllocatorType::Free(enum_);
+        if (properties_) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
+                properties_[i].~Property();
+            AllocatorType::Free(properties_);
+        }
+        if (patternProperties_) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
+                patternProperties_[i].~PatternProperty();
+            AllocatorType::Free(patternProperties_);
+        }
+        AllocatorType::Free(itemsTuple_);
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX
+        if (pattern_) {
+            pattern_->~RegexType();
+            AllocatorType::Free(pattern_);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    const SValue& GetURI() const {
+        return uri_;
+    }
+
+    const UriType& GetId() const {
+        return id_;
+    }
+
+    const Specification& GetSpecification() const {
+        return spec_;
+    }
+
+    const PointerType& GetPointer() const {
+        return pointer_;
+    }
+
+    bool BeginValue(Context& context) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::BeginValue");
+        if (context.inArray) {
+            if (uniqueItems_)
+                context.valueUniqueness = true;
+
+            if (itemsList_)
+                context.valueSchema = itemsList_;
+            else if (itemsTuple_) {
+                if (context.arrayElementIndex < itemsTupleCount_)
+                    context.valueSchema = itemsTuple_[context.arrayElementIndex];
+                else if (additionalItemsSchema_)
+                    context.valueSchema = additionalItemsSchema_;
+                else if (additionalItems_)
+                    context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+                else {
+                    context.error_handler.DisallowedItem(context.arrayElementIndex);
+                    // Must set valueSchema for when kValidateContinueOnErrorFlag is set, else reports spurious type error
+                    context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+                    // Must bump arrayElementIndex for when kValidateContinueOnErrorFlag is set
+                    context.arrayElementIndex++;
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorAdditionalItems);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+
+            context.arrayElementIndex++;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool EndValue(Context& context) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::EndValue");
+        // Only check pattern properties if we have validators
+        if (context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount > 0) {
+            bool otherValid = false;
+            SizeType count = context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType != Context::kPatternValidatorOnly)
+                otherValid = context.patternPropertiesValidators[--count]->IsValid();
+
+            bool patternValid = true;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                if (!context.patternPropertiesValidators[i]->IsValid()) {
+                    patternValid = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorOnly) {
+                if (!patternValid) {
+                    context.error_handler.PropertyViolations(context.patternPropertiesValidators, count);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorPatternProperties);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty) {
+                if (!patternValid || !otherValid) {
+                    context.error_handler.PropertyViolations(context.patternPropertiesValidators, count + 1);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorPatternProperties);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (!patternValid && !otherValid) { // kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty)
+                context.error_handler.PropertyViolations(context.patternPropertiesValidators, count + 1);
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorPatternProperties);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For enums only check if we have a hasher
+        if (enum_ && context.hasher) {
+            const uint64_t h = context.factory.GetHashCode(context.hasher);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < enumCount_; i++)
+                if (enum_[i] == h)
+                    goto foundEnum;
+            context.error_handler.DisallowedValue(kValidateErrorEnum);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorEnum);
+            foundEnum:;
+        }
+
+        // Only check allOf etc if we have validators
+        if (context.validatorCount > 0) {
+            if (allOf_.schemas)
+                for (SizeType i = allOf_.begin; i < allOf_.begin + allOf_.count; i++)
+                    if (!context.validators[i]->IsValid()) {
+                        context.error_handler.NotAllOf(&context.validators[allOf_.begin], allOf_.count);
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorAllOf);
+                    }
+
+            if (anyOf_.schemas) {
+                for (SizeType i = anyOf_.begin; i < anyOf_.begin + anyOf_.count; i++)
+                    if (context.validators[i]->IsValid())
+                        goto foundAny;
+                context.error_handler.NoneOf(&context.validators[anyOf_.begin], anyOf_.count);
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorAnyOf);
+                foundAny:;
+            }
+
+            if (oneOf_.schemas) {
+                bool oneValid = false;
+                SizeType firstMatch = 0;
+                for (SizeType i = oneOf_.begin; i < oneOf_.begin + oneOf_.count; i++)
+                    if (context.validators[i]->IsValid()) {
+                        if (oneValid) {
+                            context.error_handler.MultipleOneOf(firstMatch, i - oneOf_.begin);
+                            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorOneOfMatch);
+                        } else {
+                            oneValid = true;
+                            firstMatch = i - oneOf_.begin;
+                        }
+                    }
+                if (!oneValid) {
+                    context.error_handler.NotOneOf(&context.validators[oneOf_.begin], oneOf_.count);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorOneOf);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (not_ && context.validators[notValidatorIndex_]->IsValid()) {
+                context.error_handler.Disallowed();
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorNot);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool Null(Context& context) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Null");
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNullSchemaType))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetNullString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Bool(Context& context, bool b) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Bool", b);
+        if (!CheckBool(context, b))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Int(Context& context, int i) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Int", (int64_t)i);
+        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Uint(Context& context, unsigned u) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Uint", (uint64_t)u);
+        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Int64(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Int64", i);
+        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Uint64(Context& context, uint64_t u) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Uint64", u);
+        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Double(Context& context, double d) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Double", d);
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNumberSchemaType))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetNumberString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMinimum(context, d))
+            return false;
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMaximum(context, d))
+            return false;
+
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, d))
+            return false;
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool String(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::String", str);
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kStringSchemaType))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetStringString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+
+        if (minLength_ != 0 || maxLength_ != SizeType(~0)) {
+            SizeType count;
+            if (internal::CountStringCodePoint<EncodingType>(str, length, &count)) {
+                if (count < minLength_) {
+                    context.error_handler.TooShort(str, length, minLength_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMinLength);
+                }
+                if (count > maxLength_) {
+                    context.error_handler.TooLong(str, length, maxLength_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMaxLength);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (pattern_ && !IsPatternMatch(pattern_, str, length)) {
+            context.error_handler.DoesNotMatch(str, length);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorPattern);
+        }
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject(Context& context) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::StartObject");
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kObjectSchemaType))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetObjectString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+
+        if (hasDependencies_ || hasRequired_) {
+            context.propertyExist = static_cast<bool*>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
+            std::memset(context.propertyExist, 0, sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_);
+        }
+
+        if (patternProperties_) { // pre-allocate schema array
+            SizeType count = patternPropertyCount_ + 1; // extra for valuePatternValidatorType
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemas = static_cast<const SchemaType**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(const SchemaType*) * count));
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
+            std::memset(context.patternPropertiesSchemas, 0, sizeof(SchemaType*) * count);
+        }
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Key(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::Key", str);
+
+        if (patternProperties_) {
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
+                if (patternProperties_[i].pattern && IsPatternMatch(patternProperties_[i].pattern, str, len)) {
+                    context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = patternProperties_[i].schema;
+                    context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+                }
+        }
+
+        SizeType index  = 0;
+        if (FindPropertyIndex(ValueType(str, len).Move(), &index)) {
+            if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
+                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = properties_[index].schema;
+                context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty;
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = properties_[index].schema;
+
+            if (context.propertyExist)
+                context.propertyExist[index] = true;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (additionalPropertiesSchema_) {
+            if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
+                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+                context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty;
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (additionalProperties_) {
+            context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount == 0) { // patternProperties are not additional properties
+            // Must set valueSchema for when kValidateContinueOnErrorFlag is set, else reports spurious type error
+            context.valueSchema = typeless_;
+            context.error_handler.DisallowedProperty(str, len);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorAdditionalProperties);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool EndObject(Context& context, SizeType memberCount) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::EndObject");
+        if (hasRequired_) {
+            context.error_handler.StartMissingProperties();
+            for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
+                if (properties_[index].required && !context.propertyExist[index])
+                    if (properties_[index].schema->defaultValueLength_ == 0 )
+                        context.error_handler.AddMissingProperty(properties_[index].name);
+            if (context.error_handler.EndMissingProperties())
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorRequired);
+        }
+
+        if (memberCount < minProperties_) {
+            context.error_handler.TooFewProperties(memberCount, minProperties_);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMinProperties);
+        }
+
+        if (memberCount > maxProperties_) {
+            context.error_handler.TooManyProperties(memberCount, maxProperties_);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMaxProperties);
+        }
+
+        if (hasDependencies_) {
+            context.error_handler.StartDependencyErrors();
+            for (SizeType sourceIndex = 0; sourceIndex < propertyCount_; sourceIndex++) {
+                const Property& source = properties_[sourceIndex];
+                if (context.propertyExist[sourceIndex]) {
+                    if (source.dependencies) {
+                        context.error_handler.StartMissingDependentProperties();
+                        for (SizeType targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < propertyCount_; targetIndex++)
+                            if (source.dependencies[targetIndex] && !context.propertyExist[targetIndex])
+                                context.error_handler.AddMissingDependentProperty(properties_[targetIndex].name);
+                        context.error_handler.EndMissingDependentProperties(source.name);
+                    }
+                    else if (source.dependenciesSchema) {
+                        ISchemaValidator* dependenciesValidator = context.validators[source.dependenciesValidatorIndex];
+                        if (!dependenciesValidator->IsValid())
+                            context.error_handler.AddDependencySchemaError(source.name, dependenciesValidator);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (context.error_handler.EndDependencyErrors())
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorDependencies);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray(Context& context) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::StartArray");
+        context.arrayElementIndex = 0;
+        context.inArray = true;  // Ensure we note that we are in an array
+
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kArraySchemaType))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetArrayString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(Context& context, SizeType elementCount) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "Schema::EndArray");
+        context.inArray = false;
+
+        if (elementCount < minItems_) {
+            context.error_handler.TooFewItems(elementCount, minItems_);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMinItems);
+        }
+
+        if (elementCount > maxItems_) {
+            context.error_handler.TooManyItems(elementCount, maxItems_);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMaxItems);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static const ValueType& GetValidateErrorKeyword(ValidateErrorCode validateErrorCode) {
+        switch (validateErrorCode) {
+            case kValidateErrorMultipleOf:              return GetMultipleOfString();
+            case kValidateErrorMaximum:                 return GetMaximumString();
+            case kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum:        return GetMaximumString(); // Same
+            case kValidateErrorMinimum:                 return GetMinimumString();
+            case kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum:        return GetMinimumString(); // Same
+
+            case kValidateErrorMaxLength:               return GetMaxLengthString();
+            case kValidateErrorMinLength:               return GetMinLengthString();
+            case kValidateErrorPattern:                 return GetPatternString();
+
+            case kValidateErrorMaxItems:                return GetMaxItemsString();
+            case kValidateErrorMinItems:                return GetMinItemsString();
+            case kValidateErrorUniqueItems:             return GetUniqueItemsString();
+            case kValidateErrorAdditionalItems:         return GetAdditionalItemsString();
+
+            case kValidateErrorMaxProperties:           return GetMaxPropertiesString();
+            case kValidateErrorMinProperties:           return GetMinPropertiesString();
+            case kValidateErrorRequired:                return GetRequiredString();
+            case kValidateErrorAdditionalProperties:    return GetAdditionalPropertiesString();
+            case kValidateErrorPatternProperties:       return GetPatternPropertiesString();
+            case kValidateErrorDependencies:            return GetDependenciesString();
+
+            case kValidateErrorEnum:                    return GetEnumString();
+            case kValidateErrorType:                    return GetTypeString();
+
+            case kValidateErrorOneOf:                   return GetOneOfString();
+            case kValidateErrorOneOfMatch:              return GetOneOfString(); // Same
+            case kValidateErrorAllOf:                   return GetAllOfString();
+            case kValidateErrorAnyOf:                   return GetAnyOfString();
+            case kValidateErrorNot:                     return GetNotString();
+
+            case kValidateErrorReadOnly:                return GetReadOnlyString();
+            case kValidateErrorWriteOnly:               return GetWriteOnlyString();
+
+            default:                                    return GetNullString();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Generate functions for string literal according to Ch
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRING_(name, ...) \
+    static const ValueType& Get##name##String() {\
+        static const Ch s[] = { __VA_ARGS__, '\0' };\
+        static const ValueType v(s, static_cast<SizeType>(sizeof(s) / sizeof(Ch) - 1));\
+        return v;\
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Null, 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Boolean, 'b', 'o', 'o', 'l', 'e', 'a', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Object, 'o', 'b', 'j', 'e', 'c', 't')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Array, 'a', 'r', 'r', 'a', 'y')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(String, 's', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Number, 'n', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Integer, 'i', 'n', 't', 'e', 'g', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Type, 't', 'y', 'p', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Enum, 'e', 'n', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AllOf, 'a', 'l', 'l', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AnyOf, 'a', 'n', 'y', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(OneOf, 'o', 'n', 'e', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Not, 'n', 'o', 't')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Properties, 'p', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Required, 'r', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'i', 'r', 'e', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Dependencies, 'd', 'e', 'p', 'e', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(PatternProperties, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalProperties, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinProperties, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxProperties, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Items, 'i', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinItems, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxItems, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalItems, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(UniqueItems, 'u', 'n', 'i', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinLength, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxLength, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Pattern, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Minimum, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Maximum, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMinimum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMaximum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MultipleOf, 'm', 'u', 'l', 't', 'i', 'p', 'l', 'e', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(DefaultValue, 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a', 'u', 'l', 't')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Schema, '$', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Ref, '$', 'r', 'e', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Id, 'i', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Swagger, 's', 'w', 'a', 'g', 'g', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(OpenApi, 'o', 'p', 'e', 'n', 'a', 'p', 'i')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ReadOnly, 'r', 'e', 'a', 'd', 'O', 'n', 'l', 'y')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(WriteOnly, 'w', 'r', 'i', 't', 'e', 'O', 'n', 'l', 'y')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Nullable, 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l', 'a', 'b', 'l', 'e')
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_STRING_
+
+private:
+    enum SchemaValueType {
+        kNullSchemaType,
+        kBooleanSchemaType,
+        kObjectSchemaType,
+        kArraySchemaType,
+        kStringSchemaType,
+        kNumberSchemaType,
+        kIntegerSchemaType,
+        kTotalSchemaType
+    };
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+        typedef internal::GenericRegex<EncodingType, AllocatorType> RegexType;
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+        typedef std::basic_regex<Ch> RegexType;
+#else
+        typedef char RegexType;
+#endif
+
+    struct SchemaArray {
+        SchemaArray() : schemas(), count() {}
+        ~SchemaArray() { AllocatorType::Free(schemas); }
+        const SchemaType** schemas;
+        SizeType begin; // begin index of context.validators
+        SizeType count;
+    };
+
+    template <typename V1, typename V2>
+    void AddUniqueElement(V1& a, const V2& v) {
+        for (typename V1::ConstValueIterator itr = a.Begin(); itr != a.End(); ++itr)
+            if (*itr == v)
+                return;
+        V1 c(v, *allocator_);
+        a.PushBack(c, *allocator_);
+    }
+
+    static const ValueType* GetMember(const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = value.FindMember(name);
+        return itr != value.MemberEnd() ? &(itr->value) : 0;
+    }
+
+    static void AssignIfExist(bool& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                out = v->GetBool();
+    }
+
+    static void AssignIfExist(SizeType& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
+            if (v->IsUint64() && v->GetUint64() <= SizeType(~0))
+                out = static_cast<SizeType>(v->GetUint64());
+    }
+
+    void AssignIfExist(SchemaArray& out, SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name, const ValueType& document) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name)) {
+            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
+                PointerType q = p.Append(name, allocator_);
+                out.count = v->Size();
+                out.schemas = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(out.count * sizeof(const Schema*)));
+                memset(out.schemas, 0, sizeof(Schema*)* out.count);
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < out.count; i++)
+                    schemaDocument.CreateSchema(&out.schemas[i], q.Append(i, allocator_), (*v)[i], document, id_);
+                out.begin = validatorCount_;
+                validatorCount_ += out.count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value, SchemaDocumentType* sd, const PointerType& p) {
+        if (value.IsString()) {
+            RegexType* r = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType))) RegexType(value.GetString(), allocator_);
+            if (!r->IsValid()) {
+                sd->SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRegexInvalid, p, value.GetString(), value.GetStringLength());
+                r->~RegexType();
+                AllocatorType::Free(r);
+                r = 0;
+            }
+            return r;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType) {
+        GenericRegexSearch<RegexType> rs(*pattern);
+        return rs.Search(str);
+    }
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value, SchemaDocumentType* sd, const PointerType& p) {
+        if (value.IsString()) {
+            RegexType *r = static_cast<RegexType*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType)));
+            try {
+                return new (r) RegexType(value.GetString(), std::size_t(value.GetStringLength()), std::regex_constants::ECMAScript);
+            }
+            catch (const std::regex_error& e) {
+                sd->SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRegexInvalid, p, value.GetString(), value.GetStringLength());
+                AllocatorType::Free(r);
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType length) {
+        std::match_results<const Ch*> r;
+        return std::regex_search(str, str + length, r, *pattern);
+    }
+#else
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType&) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType*, const Ch *, SizeType) { return true; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+
+    void AddType(const ValueType& type) {
+        if      (type == GetNullString()   ) type_ |= 1 << kNullSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetBooleanString()) type_ |= 1 << kBooleanSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetObjectString() ) type_ |= 1 << kObjectSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetArrayString()  ) type_ |= 1 << kArraySchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetStringString() ) type_ |= 1 << kStringSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetIntegerString()) type_ |= 1 << kIntegerSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetNumberString() ) type_ |= (1 << kNumberSchemaType) | (1 << kIntegerSchemaType);
+    }
+
+    // Creates parallel validators for allOf, anyOf, oneOf, not and schema dependencies, if required.
+    // Also creates a hasher for enums and array uniqueness, if required.
+    // Also a useful place to add type-independent error checks.
+    bool CreateParallelValidator(Context& context) const {
+        if (enum_ || context.arrayUniqueness)
+            context.hasher = context.factory.CreateHasher();
+
+        if (validatorCount_) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(context.validators == 0);
+            context.validators = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * validatorCount_));
+            std::memset(context.validators, 0, sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * validatorCount_);
+            context.validatorCount = validatorCount_;
+
+            // Always return after first failure for these sub-validators
+            if (allOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, allOf_, false);
+
+            if (anyOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, anyOf_, false);
+
+            if (oneOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, oneOf_, false);
+
+            if (not_)
+                context.validators[notValidatorIndex_] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*not_, false);
+
+            if (hasSchemaDependencies_) {
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
+                    if (properties_[i].dependenciesSchema)
+                        context.validators[properties_[i].dependenciesValidatorIndex] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*properties_[i].dependenciesSchema, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add any other type-independent checks here
+        if (readOnly_ && (context.flags & kValidateWriteFlag)) {
+            context.error_handler.DisallowedWhenWriting();
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorReadOnly);
+        }
+        if (writeOnly_ && (context.flags & kValidateReadFlag)) {
+            context.error_handler.DisallowedWhenReading();
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorWriteOnly);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void CreateSchemaValidators(Context& context, const SchemaArray& schemas, const bool inheritContinueOnErrors) const {
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < schemas.count; i++)
+            context.validators[schemas.begin + i] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*schemas.schemas[i], inheritContinueOnErrors);
+    }
+
+    // O(n)
+    bool FindPropertyIndex(const ValueType& name, SizeType* outIndex) const {
+        SizeType len = name.GetStringLength();
+        const Ch* str = name.GetString();
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
+            if (properties_[index].name.GetStringLength() == len &&
+                (std::memcmp(properties_[index].name.GetString(), str, sizeof(Ch) * len) == 0))
+            {
+                *outIndex = index;
+                return true;
+            }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckBool(Context& context, bool) const {
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kBooleanSchemaType))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetBooleanString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckInt(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
+        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType)))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetIntegerString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (minimum_.IsInt64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetInt64() : i < minimum_.GetInt64()) {
+                    context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(i, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMinimum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum : kValidateErrorMinimum);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
+                context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(i, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMinimum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum : kValidateErrorMinimum); // i <= max(int64_t) < minimum.GetUint64()
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (maximum_.IsInt64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetInt64() : i > maximum_.GetInt64()) {
+                    context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(i, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMaximum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum : kValidateErrorMaximum);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (maximum_.IsUint64()) { }
+                /* do nothing */ // i <= max(int64_t) < maximum_.GetUint64()
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
+            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (static_cast<uint64_t>(i >= 0 ? i : -i) % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0) {
+                    context.error_handler.NotMultipleOf(i, multipleOf_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMultipleOf);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckUint(Context& context, uint64_t i) const {
+        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType)))) {
+            DisallowedType(context, GetIntegerString());
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorType);
+        }
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetUint64() : i < minimum_.GetUint64()) {
+                    context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(i, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMinimum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum : kValidateErrorMinimum);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (minimum_.IsInt64())
+                /* do nothing */; // i >= 0 > minimum.Getint64()
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (maximum_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetUint64() : i > maximum_.GetUint64()) {
+                    context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(i, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMaximum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum : kValidateErrorMaximum);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (maximum_.IsInt64()) {
+                context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(i, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMaximum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum : kValidateErrorMaximum); // i >= 0 > maximum_
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
+            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (i % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0) {
+                    context.error_handler.NotMultipleOf(i, multipleOf_);
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMultipleOf);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMinimum(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? d <= minimum_.GetDouble() : d < minimum_.GetDouble()) {
+            context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(d, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMinimum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum : kValidateErrorMinimum);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMaximum(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? d >= maximum_.GetDouble() : d > maximum_.GetDouble()) {
+            context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(d, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(exclusiveMaximum_ ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum : kValidateErrorMaximum);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMultipleOf(Context& context, double d) const {
+        double a = std::abs(d), b = std::abs(multipleOf_.GetDouble());
+        double q = std::floor(a / b);
+        double r = a - q * b;
+        if (r > 0.0) {
+            context.error_handler.NotMultipleOf(d, multipleOf_);
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorMultipleOf);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void DisallowedType(Context& context, const ValueType& actualType) const {
+        ErrorHandler& eh = context.error_handler;
+        eh.StartDisallowedType();
+
+        if (type_ & (1 << kNullSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetNullString());
+        if (type_ & (1 << kBooleanSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetBooleanString());
+        if (type_ & (1 << kObjectSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetObjectString());
+        if (type_ & (1 << kArraySchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetArrayString());
+        if (type_ & (1 << kStringSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetStringString());
+
+        if (type_ & (1 << kNumberSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetNumberString());
+        else if (type_ & (1 << kIntegerSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetIntegerString());
+
+        eh.EndDisallowedType(actualType);
+    }
+
+    struct Property {
+        Property() : schema(), dependenciesSchema(), dependenciesValidatorIndex(), dependencies(), required(false) {}
+        ~Property() { AllocatorType::Free(dependencies); }
+        SValue name;
+        const SchemaType* schema;
+        const SchemaType* dependenciesSchema;
+        SizeType dependenciesValidatorIndex;
+        bool* dependencies;
+        bool required;
+    };
+
+    struct PatternProperty {
+        PatternProperty() : schema(), pattern() {}
+        ~PatternProperty() {
+            if (pattern) {
+                pattern->~RegexType();
+                AllocatorType::Free(pattern);
+            }
+        }
+        const SchemaType* schema;
+        RegexType* pattern;
+    };
+
+    AllocatorType* allocator_;
+    SValue uri_;
+    UriType id_;
+    Specification spec_;
+    PointerType pointer_;
+    const SchemaType* typeless_;
+    uint64_t* enum_;
+    SizeType enumCount_;
+    SchemaArray allOf_;
+    SchemaArray anyOf_;
+    SchemaArray oneOf_;
+    const SchemaType* not_;
+    unsigned type_; // bitmask of kSchemaType
+    SizeType validatorCount_;
+    SizeType notValidatorIndex_;
+
+    Property* properties_;
+    const SchemaType* additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+    PatternProperty* patternProperties_;
+    SizeType patternPropertyCount_;
+    SizeType propertyCount_;
+    SizeType minProperties_;
+    SizeType maxProperties_;
+    bool additionalProperties_;
+    bool hasDependencies_;
+    bool hasRequired_;
+    bool hasSchemaDependencies_;
+
+    const SchemaType* additionalItemsSchema_;
+    const SchemaType* itemsList_;
+    const SchemaType** itemsTuple_;
+    SizeType itemsTupleCount_;
+    SizeType minItems_;
+    SizeType maxItems_;
+    bool additionalItems_;
+    bool uniqueItems_;
+
+    RegexType* pattern_;
+    SizeType minLength_;
+    SizeType maxLength_;
+
+    SValue minimum_;
+    SValue maximum_;
+    SValue multipleOf_;
+    bool exclusiveMinimum_;
+    bool exclusiveMaximum_;
+
+    SizeType defaultValueLength_;
+
+    bool readOnly_;
+    bool writeOnly_;
+    bool nullable_;
+};
+
+template<typename Stack, typename Ch>
+struct TokenHelper {
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
+        *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = '/';
+        char buffer[21];
+        size_t length = static_cast<size_t>((sizeof(SizeType) == 4 ? u32toa(index, buffer) : u64toa(index, buffer)) - buffer);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+            *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = static_cast<Ch>(buffer[i]);
+    }
+};
+
+// Partial specialized version for char to prevent buffer copying.
+template <typename Stack>
+struct TokenHelper<Stack, char> {
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
+        if (sizeof(SizeType) == 4) {
+            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 10); // '/' + uint
+            *buffer++ = '/';
+            const char* end = internal::u32toa(index, buffer);
+             documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(10 - (end - buffer)));
+        }
+        else {
+            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 20); // '/' + uint64
+            *buffer++ = '/';
+            const char* end = internal::u64toa(index, buffer);
+            documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(20 - (end - buffer)));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+
+    virtual ~IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider() {}
+    virtual const SchemaDocumentType* GetRemoteDocument(const Ch* uri, SizeType length) = 0;
+    virtual const SchemaDocumentType* GetRemoteDocument(const GenericUri<ValueType, AllocatorType> uri, Specification& spec) {
+        // Default implementation just calls through for compatibility
+        // Following line suppresses unused parameter warning
+        (void)spec;
+        // printf("GetRemoteDocument: %d %d\n", spec.draft, spec.oapi);
+        return GetRemoteDocument(uri.GetBaseString(), uri.GetBaseStringLength());
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericSchemaDocument
+
+//! JSON schema document.
+/*!
+    A JSON schema document is a compiled version of a JSON schema.
+    It is basically a tree of internal::Schema.
+
+    \note This is an immutable class (i.e. its instance cannot be modified after construction).
+    \tparam ValueT Type of JSON value (e.g. \c Value ), which also determine the encoding.
+    \tparam Allocator Allocator type for allocating memory of this document.
+*/
+template <typename ValueT, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument {
+public:
+    typedef ValueT ValueType;
+    typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<GenericSchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType;
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument> SchemaType;
+    typedef GenericPointer<ValueType, Allocator> PointerType;
+    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, AllocatorType> GValue;
+    typedef GenericUri<ValueType, Allocator> UriType;
+    typedef GenericStringRef<Ch> StringRefType;
+    friend class internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument>;
+    template <typename, typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericSchemaValidator;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        Compile a JSON document into schema document.
+
+        \param document A JSON document as source.
+        \param uri The base URI of this schema document for purposes of violation reporting.
+        \param uriLength Length of \c name, in code points.
+        \param remoteProvider An optional remote schema document provider for resolving remote reference. Can be null.
+        \param allocator An optional allocator instance for allocating memory. Can be null.
+        \param pointer An optional JSON pointer to the start of the schema document
+        \param spec Optional schema draft or OpenAPI version. Used if no specification in document. Defaults to draft-04.
+    */
+    explicit GenericSchemaDocument(const ValueType& document, const Ch* uri = 0, SizeType uriLength = 0,
+        IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider = 0, Allocator* allocator = 0,
+        const PointerType& pointer = PointerType(), // PR #1393
+        const Specification& spec = Specification(kDraft04)) :
+        remoteProvider_(remoteProvider),
+        allocator_(allocator),
+        ownAllocator_(),
+        root_(),
+        typeless_(),
+        schemaMap_(allocator, kInitialSchemaMapSize),
+        schemaRef_(allocator, kInitialSchemaRefSize),
+        spec_(spec),
+        error_(kObjectType),
+        currentError_()
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaDocument::GenericSchemaDocument");
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+
+        Ch noUri[1] = {0};
+        uri_.SetString(uri ? uri : noUri, uriLength, *allocator_);
+        docId_ = UriType(uri_, allocator_);
+
+        typeless_ = static_cast<SchemaType*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(SchemaType)));
+        new (typeless_) SchemaType(this, PointerType(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), allocator_, docId_);
+
+        // Establish the schema draft or open api version.
+        // We only ever look for '$schema' or 'swagger' or 'openapi' at the root of the document.
+        SetSchemaSpecification(document);
+
+        // Generate root schema, it will call CreateSchema() to create sub-schemas,
+        // And call HandleRefSchema() if there are $ref.
+        // PR #1393 use input pointer if supplied
+        root_ = typeless_;
+        if (pointer.GetTokenCount() == 0) {
+            CreateSchemaRecursive(&root_, pointer, document, document, docId_);
+        }
+        else if (const ValueType* v = pointer.Get(document)) {
+            CreateSchema(&root_, pointer, *v, document, docId_);
+        }
+        else {
+            GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+            pointer.StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+            SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorStartUnknown, PointerType(), sb.GetString(), static_cast<SizeType>(sb.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch)));
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(root_ != 0);
+
+        schemaRef_.ShrinkToFit(); // Deallocate all memory for ref
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericSchemaDocument(GenericSchemaDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        remoteProvider_(rhs.remoteProvider_),
+        allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+        ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+        root_(rhs.root_),
+        typeless_(rhs.typeless_),
+        schemaMap_(std::move(rhs.schemaMap_)),
+        schemaRef_(std::move(rhs.schemaRef_)),
+        uri_(std::move(rhs.uri_)),
+        docId_(std::move(rhs.docId_)),
+        spec_(rhs.spec_),
+        error_(std::move(rhs.error_)),
+        currentError_(std::move(rhs.currentError_))
+    {
+        rhs.remoteProvider_ = 0;
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.typeless_ = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Destructor
+    ~GenericSchemaDocument() {
+        while (!schemaMap_.Empty())
+            schemaMap_.template Pop<SchemaEntry>(1)->~SchemaEntry();
+
+        if (typeless_) {
+            typeless_->~SchemaType();
+            Allocator::Free(typeless_);
+        }
+
+        // these may contain some allocator data so clear before deleting ownAllocator_
+        uri_.SetNull();
+        error_.SetNull();
+        currentError_.SetNull();
+
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    const GValue& GetURI() const { return uri_; }
+
+    const Specification& GetSpecification() const { return spec_; }
+    bool IsSupportedSpecification() const { return spec_.IsSupported(); }
+
+    //! Static method to get the specification of any schema document
+    //  Returns kDraftNone if document is silent
+    static const Specification GetSpecification(const ValueType& document) {
+      SchemaDraft draft = GetSchemaDraft(document);
+      if (draft != kDraftNone)
+        return Specification(draft);
+      else {
+        OpenApiVersion oapi = GetOpenApiVersion(document);
+        if (oapi != kVersionNone)
+          return Specification(oapi);
+      }
+      return Specification(kDraftNone);
+    }
+
+    //! Get the root schema.
+    const SchemaType& GetRoot() const { return *root_; }
+
+    //! Gets the error object.
+    GValue& GetError() { return error_; }
+    const GValue& GetError() const { return error_; }
+
+    static const StringRefType& GetSchemaErrorKeyword(SchemaErrorCode schemaErrorCode) {
+        switch (schemaErrorCode) {
+            case kSchemaErrorStartUnknown:             return GetStartUnknownString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRefPlainName:             return GetRefPlainNameString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRefInvalid:               return GetRefInvalidString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRefPointerInvalid:        return GetRefPointerInvalidString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRefUnknown:               return GetRefUnknownString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRefCyclical:              return GetRefCyclicalString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteProvider:      return GetRefNoRemoteProviderString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteSchema:        return GetRefNoRemoteSchemaString();
+            case kSchemaErrorRegexInvalid:             return GetRegexInvalidString();
+            case kSchemaErrorSpecUnknown:              return GetSpecUnknownString();
+            case kSchemaErrorSpecUnsupported:          return GetSpecUnsupportedString();
+            case kSchemaErrorSpecIllegal:              return GetSpecIllegalString();
+            case kSchemaErrorReadOnlyAndWriteOnly:     return GetReadOnlyAndWriteOnlyString();
+            default:                                   return GetNullString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Default error method
+    void SchemaError(const SchemaErrorCode code, const PointerType& location) {
+      currentError_ = GValue(kObjectType);
+      AddCurrentError(code, location);
+    }
+
+    //! Method for error with single string value insert
+    void SchemaErrorValue(const SchemaErrorCode code, const PointerType& location, const Ch* value, SizeType length) {
+      currentError_ = GValue(kObjectType);
+      currentError_.AddMember(GetValueString(), GValue(value, length, *allocator_).Move(), *allocator_);
+      AddCurrentError(code, location);
+    }
+
+    //! Method for error with invalid pointer
+    void SchemaErrorPointer(const SchemaErrorCode code, const PointerType& location, const Ch* value, SizeType length, const PointerType& pointer) {
+      currentError_ = GValue(kObjectType);
+      currentError_.AddMember(GetValueString(), GValue(value, length, *allocator_).Move(), *allocator_);
+      currentError_.AddMember(GetOffsetString(), static_cast<SizeType>(pointer.GetParseErrorOffset() / sizeof(Ch)), *allocator_);
+      AddCurrentError(code, location);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    //! Prohibit copying
+    GenericSchemaDocument(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
+    //! Prohibit assignment
+    GenericSchemaDocument& operator=(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
+
+    typedef const PointerType* SchemaRefPtr; // PR #1393
+
+    struct SchemaEntry {
+        SchemaEntry(const PointerType& p, SchemaType* s, bool o, Allocator* allocator) : pointer(p, allocator), schema(s), owned(o) {}
+        ~SchemaEntry() {
+            if (owned) {
+                schema->~SchemaType();
+                Allocator::Free(schema);
+            }
+        }
+        PointerType pointer;
+        SchemaType* schema;
+        bool owned;
+    };
+
+    void AddErrorInstanceLocation(GValue& result, const PointerType& location) {
+      GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+      location.StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+      GValue instanceRef(sb.GetString(), static_cast<SizeType>(sb.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch)), *allocator_);
+      result.AddMember(GetInstanceRefString(), instanceRef, *allocator_);
+    }
+
+    void AddError(GValue& keyword, GValue& error) {
+      typename GValue::MemberIterator member = error_.FindMember(keyword);
+      if (member == error_.MemberEnd())
+        error_.AddMember(keyword, error, *allocator_);
+      else {
+        if (member->value.IsObject()) {
+          GValue errors(kArrayType);
+          errors.PushBack(member->value, *allocator_);
+          member->value = errors;
+        }
+        member->value.PushBack(error, *allocator_);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void AddCurrentError(const SchemaErrorCode code, const PointerType& location) {
+      RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(InvalidKeyword, GetSchemaErrorKeyword(code));
+      currentError_.AddMember(GetErrorCodeString(), code, *allocator_);
+      AddErrorInstanceLocation(currentError_, location);
+      AddError(GValue(GetSchemaErrorKeyword(code)).Move(), currentError_);
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRING_(name, ...) \
+    static const StringRefType& Get##name##String() {\
+        static const Ch s[] = { __VA_ARGS__, '\0' };\
+        static const StringRefType v(s, static_cast<SizeType>(sizeof(s) / sizeof(Ch) - 1)); \
+        return v;\
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(InstanceRef, 'i', 'n', 's', 't', 'a', 'n', 'c', 'e', 'R', 'e', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ErrorCode, 'e', 'r', 'r', 'o', 'r', 'C', 'o', 'd', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Value, 'v', 'a', 'l', 'u', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Offset, 'o', 'f', 'f', 's', 'e', 't')
+
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Null, 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(SpecUnknown, 'S', 'p', 'e', 'c', 'U', 'n', 'k', 'n', 'o', 'w', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(SpecUnsupported, 'S', 'p', 'e', 'c', 'U', 'n', 's', 'u', 'p', 'p', 'o', 'r', 't', 'e', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(SpecIllegal, 'S', 'p', 'e', 'c', 'I', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'g', 'a', 'l')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(StartUnknown, 'S', 't', 'a', 'r', 't', 'U', 'n', 'k', 'n', 'o', 'w', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RefPlainName, 'R', 'e', 'f', 'P', 'l', 'a', 'i', 'n', 'N', 'a', 'm', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RefInvalid, 'R', 'e', 'f', 'I', 'n', 'v', 'a', 'l', 'i', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RefPointerInvalid, 'R', 'e', 'f', 'P', 'o', 'i', 'n', 't', 'e', 'r', 'I', 'n', 'v', 'a', 'l', 'i', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RefUnknown, 'R', 'e', 'f', 'U', 'n', 'k', 'n', 'o', 'w', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RefCyclical, 'R', 'e', 'f', 'C', 'y', 'c', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'a', 'l')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RefNoRemoteProvider, 'R', 'e', 'f', 'N', 'o', 'R', 'e', 'm', 'o', 't', 'e', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'v', 'i', 'd', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RefNoRemoteSchema, 'R', 'e', 'f', 'N', 'o', 'R', 'e', 'm', 'o', 't', 'e', 'S', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ReadOnlyAndWriteOnly, 'R', 'e', 'a', 'd', 'O', 'n', 'l', 'y', 'A', 'n', 'd', 'W', 'r', 'i', 't', 'e', 'O', 'n', 'l', 'y')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(RegexInvalid, 'R', 'e', 'g', 'e', 'x', 'I', 'n', 'v', 'a', 'l', 'i', 'd')
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_STRING_
+
+    // Static method to get schema draft of any schema document
+    static SchemaDraft GetSchemaDraft(const ValueType& document) {
+        static const Ch kDraft03String[] = { 'h', 't', 't', 'p', ':', '/', '/', 'j', 's', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '.', 'o', 'r', 'g', '/', 'd', 'r', 'a', 'f', 't', '-', '0', '3', '/', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '#', '\0' };
+        static const Ch kDraft04String[] = { 'h', 't', 't', 'p', ':', '/', '/', 'j', 's', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '.', 'o', 'r', 'g', '/', 'd', 'r', 'a', 'f', 't', '-', '0', '4', '/', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '#', '\0' };
+        static const Ch kDraft05String[] = { 'h', 't', 't', 'p', ':', '/', '/', 'j', 's', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '.', 'o', 'r', 'g', '/', 'd', 'r', 'a', 'f', 't', '-', '0', '5', '/', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '#', '\0' };
+        static const Ch kDraft06String[] = { 'h', 't', 't', 'p', ':', '/', '/', 'j', 's', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '.', 'o', 'r', 'g', '/', 'd', 'r', 'a', 'f', 't', '-', '0', '6', '/', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '#', '\0' };
+        static const Ch kDraft07String[] = { 'h', 't', 't', 'p', ':', '/', '/', 'j', 's', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '.', 'o', 'r', 'g', '/', 'd', 'r', 'a', 'f', 't', '-', '0', '7', '/', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '#', '\0' };
+        static const Ch kDraft2019_09String[] = { 'h', 't', 't', 'p', 's', ':', '/', '/', 'j', 's', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '.', 'o', 'r', 'g', '/', 'd', 'r', 'a', 'f', 't', '/', '2', '0', '1', '9', '-', '0', '9', '/', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '\0' };
+        static const Ch kDraft2020_12String[] = { 'h', 't', 't', 'p', 's', ':', '/', '/', 'j', 's', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '.', 'o', 'r', 'g', '/', 'd', 'r', 'a', 'f', 't', '/', '2', '0', '2', '0', '-', '1', '2', '/', 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', '\0' };
+
+        if (!document.IsObject()) {
+            return kDraftNone;
+        }
+
+        // Get the schema draft from the $schema keyword at the supplied location
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = document.FindMember(SchemaType::GetSchemaString());
+        if (itr != document.MemberEnd()) {
+            if (!itr->value.IsString()) return kDraftUnknown;
+            const UriType draftUri(itr->value);
+            // Check base uri for match
+            if (draftUri.Match(UriType(kDraft04String), false)) return kDraft04;
+            if (draftUri.Match(UriType(kDraft05String), false)) return kDraft05;
+            if (draftUri.Match(UriType(kDraft06String), false)) return kDraft06;
+            if (draftUri.Match(UriType(kDraft07String), false)) return kDraft07;
+            if (draftUri.Match(UriType(kDraft03String), false)) return kDraft03;
+            if (draftUri.Match(UriType(kDraft2019_09String), false)) return kDraft2019_09;
+            if (draftUri.Match(UriType(kDraft2020_12String), false)) return kDraft2020_12;
+            return kDraftUnknown;
+        }
+        // $schema not found
+        return kDraftNone;
+    }
+
+
+    // Get open api version of any schema document
+    static OpenApiVersion GetOpenApiVersion(const ValueType& document) {
+        static const Ch kVersion20String[] = { '2', '.', '0', '\0' };
+        static const Ch kVersion30String[] = { '3', '.', '0', '.', '\0' }; // ignore patch level
+        static const Ch kVersion31String[] = { '3', '.', '1', '.', '\0' }; // ignore patch level
+        static SizeType len = internal::StrLen<Ch>(kVersion30String);
+
+        if (!document.IsObject()) {
+            return kVersionNone;
+        }
+
+        // Get the open api version from the swagger / openapi keyword at the supplied location
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = document.FindMember(SchemaType::GetSwaggerString());
+        if (itr == document.MemberEnd()) itr = document.FindMember(SchemaType::GetOpenApiString());
+        if (itr != document.MemberEnd()) {
+            if (!itr->value.IsString()) return kVersionUnknown;
+            const ValueType kVersion20Value(kVersion20String);
+            if (kVersion20Value == itr->value) return kVersion20; // must match 2.0 exactly
+            const ValueType kVersion30Value(kVersion30String);
+            if (itr->value.GetStringLength() > len && kVersion30Value == ValueType(itr->value.GetString(), len)) return kVersion30; // must match 3.0.x
+            const ValueType kVersion31Value(kVersion31String);
+            if (itr->value.GetStringLength() > len && kVersion31Value == ValueType(itr->value.GetString(), len)) return kVersion31; // must match 3.1.x
+            return kVersionUnknown;
+        }
+        // swagger or openapi not found
+        return kVersionNone;
+    }
+
+    // Get the draft of the schema or the open api version (which implies the draft).
+    // Report an error if schema draft or open api version not supported or not recognized, or both in document, and carry on.
+    void SetSchemaSpecification(const ValueType& document) {
+        // Look for '$schema', 'swagger' or 'openapi' keyword at document root
+        SchemaDraft docDraft = GetSchemaDraft(document);
+        OpenApiVersion docOapi = GetOpenApiVersion(document);
+        // Error if both in document
+        if (docDraft != kDraftNone && docOapi != kVersionNone)
+          SchemaError(kSchemaErrorSpecIllegal, PointerType());
+        // Use document draft or open api version if present or use spec from constructor
+        if (docDraft != kDraftNone)
+            spec_ = Specification(docDraft);
+        else if (docOapi != kVersionNone)
+            spec_ = Specification(docOapi);
+        // Error if draft or version unknown
+        if (spec_.draft == kDraftUnknown || spec_.oapi == kVersionUnknown)
+          SchemaError(kSchemaErrorSpecUnknown, PointerType());
+        else if (!spec_.IsSupported())
+            SchemaError(kSchemaErrorSpecUnsupported, PointerType());
+    }
+
+    // Changed by PR #1393
+    void CreateSchemaRecursive(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document, const UriType& id) {
+        if (v.GetType() == kObjectType) {
+            UriType newid = UriType(CreateSchema(schema, pointer, v, document, id), allocator_);
+
+            for (typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.MemberBegin(); itr != v.MemberEnd(); ++itr)
+                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document, newid);
+        }
+        else if (v.GetType() == kArrayType)
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < v.Size(); i++)
+                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(i, allocator_), v[i], document, id);
+    }
+
+    // Changed by PR #1393
+    const UriType& CreateSchema(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document, const UriType& id) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(pointer.IsValid());
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        pointer.StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaDocument::CreateSchema", sb.GetString(), id.GetString());
+        if (v.IsObject()) {
+            if (const SchemaType* sc = GetSchema(pointer)) {
+                if (schema)
+                    *schema = sc;
+                AddSchemaRefs(const_cast<SchemaType*>(sc));
+            }
+            else if (!HandleRefSchema(pointer, schema, v, document, id)) {
+                // The new schema constructor adds itself and its $ref(s) to schemaMap_
+                SchemaType* s = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(SchemaType))) SchemaType(this, pointer, v, document, allocator_, id);
+                if (schema)
+                    *schema = s;
+                return s->GetId();
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (schema)
+                *schema = typeless_;
+            AddSchemaRefs(typeless_);
+        }
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    // Changed by PR #1393
+    // TODO should this return a UriType& ?
+    bool HandleRefSchema(const PointerType& source, const SchemaType** schema, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document, const UriType& id) {
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.FindMember(SchemaType::GetRefString());
+        if (itr == v.MemberEnd())
+            return false;
+
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        source.StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaDocument::HandleRefSchema", sb.GetString(), id.GetString());
+        // Resolve the source pointer to the $ref'ed schema (finally)
+        new (schemaRef_.template Push<SchemaRefPtr>()) SchemaRefPtr(&source);
+
+        if (itr->value.IsString()) {
+            SizeType len = itr->value.GetStringLength();
+            if (len == 0)
+                SchemaError(kSchemaErrorRefInvalid, source);
+            else {
+                // First resolve $ref against the in-scope id
+                UriType scopeId = UriType(id, allocator_);
+                UriType ref = UriType(itr->value, allocator_).Resolve(scopeId, allocator_);
+                RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(SchemaIds, id.GetString(), itr->value.GetString(), ref.GetString());
+                // See if the resolved $ref minus the fragment matches a resolved id in this document
+                // Search from the root. Returns the subschema in the document and its absolute JSON pointer.
+                PointerType basePointer = PointerType();
+                const ValueType *base = FindId(document, ref, basePointer, docId_, false);
+                if (!base) {
+                    // Remote reference - call the remote document provider
+                    if (!remoteProvider_)
+                        SchemaError(kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteProvider, source);
+                    else {
+                        if (const GenericSchemaDocument* remoteDocument = remoteProvider_->GetRemoteDocument(ref, spec_)) {
+                            const Ch* s = ref.GetFragString();
+                            len = ref.GetFragStringLength();
+                            if (len <= 1 || s[1] == '/') {
+                                // JSON pointer fragment, absolute in the remote schema
+                                const PointerType pointer(s, len, allocator_);
+                                if (!pointer.IsValid())
+                                    SchemaErrorPointer(kSchemaErrorRefPointerInvalid, source, s, len, pointer);
+                                else {
+                                    // Get the subschema
+                                    if (const SchemaType *sc = remoteDocument->GetSchema(pointer)) {
+                                        if (schema)
+                                            *schema = sc;
+                                        AddSchemaRefs(const_cast<SchemaType *>(sc));
+                                        return true;
+                                    } else
+                                        SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefUnknown, source, ref.GetString(), ref.GetStringLength());
+                                }
+                            } else
+                                // Plain name fragment, not allowed in remote schema
+                                SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefPlainName, source, s, len);
+                        } else
+                          SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefNoRemoteSchema, source, ref.GetString(), ref.GetStringLength());
+                    }
+                }
+                else { // Local reference
+                    const Ch* s = ref.GetFragString();
+                    len = ref.GetFragStringLength();
+                    if (len <= 1 || s[1] == '/') {
+                        // JSON pointer fragment, relative to the resolved URI
+                        const PointerType relPointer(s, len, allocator_);
+                        if (!relPointer.IsValid())
+                            SchemaErrorPointer(kSchemaErrorRefPointerInvalid, source, s, len, relPointer);
+                        else {
+                            // Get the subschema
+                            if (const ValueType *pv = relPointer.Get(*base)) {
+                                // Now get the absolute JSON pointer by adding relative to base
+                                PointerType pointer(basePointer, allocator_);
+                                for (SizeType i = 0; i < relPointer.GetTokenCount(); i++)
+                                    pointer = pointer.Append(relPointer.GetTokens()[i], allocator_);
+                                if (IsCyclicRef(pointer))
+                                    SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefCyclical, source, ref.GetString(), ref.GetStringLength());
+                                else {
+                                    // Call CreateSchema recursively, but first compute the in-scope id for the $ref target as we have jumped there
+                                    // TODO: cache pointer <-> id mapping
+                                    size_t unresolvedTokenIndex;
+                                    scopeId = pointer.GetUri(document, docId_, &unresolvedTokenIndex, allocator_);
+                                    CreateSchema(schema, pointer, *pv, document, scopeId);
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            } else
+                                SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefUnknown, source, ref.GetString(), ref.GetStringLength());
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // Plain name fragment, relative to the resolved URI
+                        // Not supported in open api 2.0 and 3.0
+                        PointerType pointer(allocator_);
+                        if (spec_.oapi == kVersion20 || spec_.oapi == kVersion30)
+                            SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefPlainName, source, s, len);
+                        // See if the fragment matches an id in this document.
+                        // Search from the base we just established. Returns the subschema in the document and its absolute JSON pointer.
+                        else if (const ValueType *pv = FindId(*base, ref, pointer, UriType(ref.GetBaseString(), ref.GetBaseStringLength(), allocator_), true, basePointer)) {
+                            if (IsCyclicRef(pointer))
+                                SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefCyclical, source, ref.GetString(), ref.GetStringLength());
+                            else {
+                                // Call CreateSchema recursively, but first compute the in-scope id for the $ref target as we have jumped there
+                                // TODO: cache pointer <-> id mapping
+                                size_t unresolvedTokenIndex;
+                                scopeId = pointer.GetUri(document, docId_, &unresolvedTokenIndex, allocator_);
+                                CreateSchema(schema, pointer, *pv, document, scopeId);
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        } else
+                            SchemaErrorValue(kSchemaErrorRefUnknown, source, ref.GetString(), ref.GetStringLength());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Invalid/Unknown $ref
+        if (schema)
+            *schema = typeless_;
+        AddSchemaRefs(typeless_);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Find the first subschema with a resolved 'id' that matches the specified URI.
+    // If full specified use all URI else ignore fragment.
+    // If found, return a pointer to the subschema and its JSON pointer.
+    // TODO cache pointer <-> id mapping
+    ValueType* FindId(const ValueType& doc, const UriType& finduri, PointerType& resptr, const UriType& baseuri, bool full, const PointerType& here = PointerType()) const {
+        SizeType i = 0;
+        ValueType* resval = 0;
+        UriType tempuri = UriType(finduri, allocator_);
+        UriType localuri = UriType(baseuri, allocator_);
+        if (doc.GetType() == kObjectType) {
+            // Establish the base URI of this object
+            typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator m = doc.FindMember(SchemaType::GetIdString());
+            if (m != doc.MemberEnd() && m->value.GetType() == kStringType) {
+                localuri = UriType(m->value, allocator_).Resolve(baseuri, allocator_);
+            }
+            // See if it matches
+            if (localuri.Match(finduri, full)) {
+                RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaDocument::FindId (match)", full ? localuri.GetString() : localuri.GetBaseString());
+                resval = const_cast<ValueType *>(&doc);
+                resptr = here;
+                return resval;
+            }
+            // No match, continue looking
+            for (m = doc.MemberBegin(); m != doc.MemberEnd(); ++m) {
+                if (m->value.GetType() == kObjectType || m->value.GetType() == kArrayType) {
+                    resval = FindId(m->value, finduri, resptr, localuri, full, here.Append(m->name.GetString(), m->name.GetStringLength(), allocator_));
+                }
+                if (resval) break;
+            }
+        } else if (doc.GetType() == kArrayType) {
+            // Continue looking
+            for (typename ValueType::ConstValueIterator v = doc.Begin(); v != doc.End(); ++v) {
+                if (v->GetType() == kObjectType || v->GetType() == kArrayType) {
+                    resval = FindId(*v, finduri, resptr, localuri, full, here.Append(i, allocator_));
+                }
+                if (resval) break;
+                i++;
+            }
+        }
+        return resval;
+    }
+
+    // Added by PR #1393
+    void AddSchemaRefs(SchemaType* schema) {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaDocument::AddSchemaRefs");
+        while (!schemaRef_.Empty()) {
+            SchemaRefPtr *ref = schemaRef_.template Pop<SchemaRefPtr>(1);
+            SchemaEntry *entry = schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>();
+            new (entry) SchemaEntry(**ref, schema, false, allocator_);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Added by PR #1393
+    bool IsCyclicRef(const PointerType& pointer) const {
+        for (const SchemaRefPtr* ref = schemaRef_.template Bottom<SchemaRefPtr>(); ref != schemaRef_.template End<SchemaRefPtr>(); ++ref)
+            if (pointer == **ref)
+                return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const SchemaType* GetSchema(const PointerType& pointer) const {
+        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
+            if (pointer == target->pointer)
+                return target->schema;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    PointerType GetPointer(const SchemaType* schema) const {
+        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
+            if (schema == target->schema)
+                return target->pointer;
+        return PointerType();
+    }
+
+    const SchemaType* GetTypeless() const { return typeless_; }
+
+    static const size_t kInitialSchemaMapSize = 64;
+    static const size_t kInitialSchemaRefSize = 64;
+
+    IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider_;
+    Allocator *allocator_;
+    Allocator *ownAllocator_;
+    const SchemaType* root_;                //!< Root schema.
+    SchemaType* typeless_;
+    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaMap_;  // Stores created Pointer -> Schemas
+    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaRef_;  // Stores Pointer(s) from $ref(s) until resolved
+    GValue uri_;                            // Schema document URI
+    UriType docId_;
+    Specification spec_;
+    GValue error_;
+    GValue currentError_;
+};
+
+//! GenericSchemaDocument using Value type.
+typedef GenericSchemaDocument<Value> SchemaDocument;
+//! IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider using SchemaDocument.
+typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<SchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericSchemaValidator
+
+//! JSON Schema Validator.
+/*!
+    A SAX style JSON schema validator.
+    It uses a \c GenericSchemaDocument to validate SAX events.
+    It delegates the incoming SAX events to an output handler.
+    The default output handler does nothing.
+    It can be reused multiple times by calling \c Reset().
+
+    \tparam SchemaDocumentType Type of schema document.
+    \tparam OutputHandler Type of output handler. Default handler does nothing.
+    \tparam StateAllocator Allocator for storing the internal validation states.
+*/
+template <
+    typename SchemaDocumentType,
+    typename OutputHandler = BaseReaderHandler<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType::EncodingType>,
+    typename StateAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaValidator :
+    public internal::ISchemaStateFactory<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType>, 
+    public internal::ISchemaValidator,
+    public internal::IValidationErrorHandler<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType> {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType SchemaType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::SValue SValue;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef GenericStringRef<Ch> StringRefType;
+    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, StateAllocator> ValueType;
+
+    //! Constructor without output handler.
+    /*!
+        \param schemaDocument The schema document to conform to.
+        \param allocator Optional allocator for storing internal validation states.
+        \param schemaStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of schema path stack.
+        \param documentStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of document path stack.
+    */
+    GenericSchemaValidator(
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        outputHandler_(0),
+        error_(kObjectType),
+        currentError_(),
+        missingDependents_(),
+        valid_(true),
+        flags_(kValidateDefaultFlags),
+        depth_(0)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::GenericSchemaValidator");
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with output handler.
+    /*!
+        \param schemaDocument The schema document to conform to.
+        \param allocator Optional allocator for storing internal validation states.
+        \param schemaStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of schema path stack.
+        \param documentStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of document path stack.
+    */
+    GenericSchemaValidator(
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        OutputHandler& outputHandler,
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        outputHandler_(&outputHandler),
+        error_(kObjectType),
+        currentError_(),
+        missingDependents_(),
+        valid_(true),
+        flags_(kValidateDefaultFlags),
+        depth_(0)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::GenericSchemaValidator (output handler)");
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    ~GenericSchemaValidator() {
+        Reset();
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownStateAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Reset the internal states.
+    void Reset() {
+        while (!schemaStack_.Empty())
+            PopSchema();
+        documentStack_.Clear();
+        ResetError();
+    }
+
+    //! Reset the error state.
+    void ResetError() {
+        error_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.SetNull();
+        missingDependents_.SetNull();
+        valid_ = true;
+    }
+
+    //! Implementation of ISchemaValidator
+    void SetValidateFlags(unsigned flags) {
+        flags_ = flags;
+    }
+    virtual unsigned GetValidateFlags() const {
+        return flags_;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool IsValid() const {
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        if (GetContinueOnErrors() && !error_.ObjectEmpty()) return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+    //! End of Implementation of ISchemaValidator
+
+    //! Gets the error object.
+    ValueType& GetError() { return error_; }
+    const ValueType& GetError() const { return error_; }
+
+    //! Gets the JSON pointer pointed to the invalid schema.
+    //  If reporting all errors, the stack will be empty.
+    PointerType GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const {
+        return schemaStack_.Empty() ? PointerType() : CurrentSchema().GetPointer();
+    }
+
+    //! Gets the keyword of invalid schema.
+    //  If reporting all errors, the stack will be empty, so return "errors".
+    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const {
+        if (!schemaStack_.Empty()) return CurrentContext().invalidKeyword;
+        if (GetContinueOnErrors() && !error_.ObjectEmpty()) return static_cast<const Ch*>(GetErrorsString());
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Gets the error code of invalid schema.
+    //  If reporting all errors, the stack will be empty, so return kValidateErrors.
+    ValidateErrorCode GetInvalidSchemaCode() const {
+        if (!schemaStack_.Empty()) return CurrentContext().invalidCode;
+        if (GetContinueOnErrors() && !error_.ObjectEmpty()) return kValidateErrors;
+        return kValidateErrorNone;
+    }
+
+    //! Gets the JSON pointer pointed to the invalid value.
+    //  If reporting all errors, the stack will be empty.
+    PointerType GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const {
+        if (documentStack_.Empty()) {
+            return PointerType();
+        }
+        else {
+            return PointerType(documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>(), documentStack_.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void NotMultipleOf(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMultipleOf, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected);
+    }
+    void NotMultipleOf(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMultipleOf, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected);
+    }
+    void NotMultipleOf(double actual, const SValue& expected) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMultipleOf, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected);
+    }
+    void AboveMaximum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
+        AddNumberError(exclusive ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum : kValidateErrorMaximum, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
+            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMaximumString : 0);
+    }
+    void AboveMaximum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
+        AddNumberError(exclusive ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum : kValidateErrorMaximum, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
+            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMaximumString : 0);
+    }
+    void AboveMaximum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
+        AddNumberError(exclusive ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum : kValidateErrorMaximum, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
+            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMaximumString : 0);
+    }
+    void BelowMinimum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
+        AddNumberError(exclusive ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum : kValidateErrorMinimum, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
+            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMinimumString : 0);
+    }
+    void BelowMinimum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
+        AddNumberError(exclusive ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum : kValidateErrorMinimum, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
+            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMinimumString : 0);
+    }
+    void BelowMinimum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
+        AddNumberError(exclusive ? kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum : kValidateErrorMinimum, ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
+            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMinimumString : 0);
+    }
+
+    void TooLong(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMaxLength,
+            ValueType(str, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), SValue(expected).Move());
+    }
+    void TooShort(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMinLength,
+            ValueType(str, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), SValue(expected).Move());
+    }
+    void DoesNotMatch(const Ch* str, SizeType length) {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetActualString(), ValueType(str, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorPattern);
+    }
+
+    void DisallowedItem(SizeType index) {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetDisallowedString(), ValueType(index).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorAdditionalItems, true);
+    }
+    void TooFewItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMinItems,
+            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
+    }
+    void TooManyItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMaxItems,
+            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
+    }
+    void DuplicateItems(SizeType index1, SizeType index2) {
+        ValueType duplicates(kArrayType);
+        duplicates.PushBack(index1, GetStateAllocator());
+        duplicates.PushBack(index2, GetStateAllocator());
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetDuplicatesString(), duplicates, GetStateAllocator());
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorUniqueItems, true);
+    }
+
+    void TooManyProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMaxProperties,
+            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
+    }
+    void TooFewProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
+        AddNumberError(kValidateErrorMinProperties,
+            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
+    }
+    void StartMissingProperties() {
+        currentError_.SetArray();
+    }
+    void AddMissingProperty(const SValue& name) {
+        currentError_.PushBack(ValueType(name, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+    bool EndMissingProperties() {
+        if (currentError_.Empty())
+            return false;
+        ValueType error(kObjectType);
+        error.AddMember(GetMissingString(), currentError_, GetStateAllocator());
+        currentError_ = error;
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorRequired);
+        return true;
+    }
+    void PropertyViolations(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+            MergeError(static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidators[i])->GetError());
+    }
+    void DisallowedProperty(const Ch* name, SizeType length) {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetDisallowedString(), ValueType(name, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorAdditionalProperties, true);
+    }
+
+    void StartDependencyErrors() {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+    }
+    void StartMissingDependentProperties() {
+        missingDependents_.SetArray();
+    }
+    void AddMissingDependentProperty(const SValue& targetName) {
+        missingDependents_.PushBack(ValueType(targetName, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+    void EndMissingDependentProperties(const SValue& sourceName) {
+        if (!missingDependents_.Empty()) {
+            // Create equivalent 'required' error
+            ValueType error(kObjectType);
+            ValidateErrorCode code = kValidateErrorRequired;
+            error.AddMember(GetMissingString(), missingDependents_.Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+            AddErrorCode(error, code);
+            AddErrorInstanceLocation(error, false);
+            // When appending to a pointer ensure its allocator is used
+            PointerType schemaRef = GetInvalidSchemaPointer().Append(SchemaType::GetValidateErrorKeyword(kValidateErrorDependencies), &GetInvalidSchemaPointer().GetAllocator());
+            AddErrorSchemaLocation(error, schemaRef.Append(sourceName.GetString(), sourceName.GetStringLength(), &GetInvalidSchemaPointer().GetAllocator()));
+            ValueType wrapper(kObjectType);
+            wrapper.AddMember(ValueType(SchemaType::GetValidateErrorKeyword(code), GetStateAllocator()).Move(), error, GetStateAllocator());
+            currentError_.AddMember(ValueType(sourceName, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), wrapper, GetStateAllocator());
+        }
+    }
+    void AddDependencySchemaError(const SValue& sourceName, ISchemaValidator* subvalidator) {
+        currentError_.AddMember(ValueType(sourceName, GetStateAllocator()).Move(),
+            static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidator)->GetError(), GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+    bool EndDependencyErrors() {
+        if (currentError_.ObjectEmpty())
+            return false;
+        ValueType error(kObjectType);
+        error.AddMember(GetErrorsString(), currentError_, GetStateAllocator());
+        currentError_ = error;
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorDependencies);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void DisallowedValue(const ValidateErrorCode code = kValidateErrorEnum) {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        AddCurrentError(code);
+    }
+    void StartDisallowedType() {
+        currentError_.SetArray();
+    }
+    void AddExpectedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& expectedType) {
+        currentError_.PushBack(ValueType(expectedType, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+    void EndDisallowedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& actualType) {
+        ValueType error(kObjectType);
+        error.AddMember(GetExpectedString(), currentError_, GetStateAllocator());
+        error.AddMember(GetActualString(), ValueType(actualType, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+        currentError_ = error;
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorType);
+    }
+    void NotAllOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
+        // Treat allOf like oneOf and anyOf to match https://rapidjson.org/md_doc_schema.html#allOf-anyOf-oneOf
+        AddErrorArray(kValidateErrorAllOf, subvalidators, count);
+        //for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        //    MergeError(static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidators[i])->GetError());
+        //}
+    }
+    void NoneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
+        AddErrorArray(kValidateErrorAnyOf, subvalidators, count);
+    }
+    void NotOneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
+        AddErrorArray(kValidateErrorOneOf, subvalidators, count);
+    }
+    void MultipleOneOf(SizeType index1, SizeType index2) {
+        ValueType matches(kArrayType);
+        matches.PushBack(index1, GetStateAllocator());
+        matches.PushBack(index2, GetStateAllocator());
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetMatchesString(), matches, GetStateAllocator());
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorOneOfMatch);
+    }
+    void Disallowed() {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorNot);
+    }
+    void DisallowedWhenWriting() {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorReadOnly);
+    }
+    void DisallowedWhenReading() {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        AddCurrentError(kValidateErrorWriteOnly);
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRING_(name, ...) \
+    static const StringRefType& Get##name##String() {\
+        static const Ch s[] = { __VA_ARGS__, '\0' };\
+        static const StringRefType v(s, static_cast<SizeType>(sizeof(s) / sizeof(Ch) - 1)); \
+        return v;\
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(InstanceRef, 'i', 'n', 's', 't', 'a', 'n', 'c', 'e', 'R', 'e', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(SchemaRef, 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', 'R', 'e', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Expected, 'e', 'x', 'p', 'e', 'c', 't', 'e', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Actual, 'a', 'c', 't', 'u', 'a', 'l')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Disallowed, 'd', 'i', 's', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'w', 'e', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Missing, 'm', 'i', 's', 's', 'i', 'n', 'g')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Errors, 'e', 'r', 'r', 'o', 'r', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ErrorCode, 'e', 'r', 'r', 'o', 'r', 'C', 'o', 'd', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ErrorMessage, 'e', 'r', 'r', 'o', 'r', 'M', 'e', 's', 's', 'a', 'g', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Duplicates, 'd', 'u', 'p', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'a', 't', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Matches, 'm', 'a', 't', 'c', 'h', 'e', 's')
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_STRING_
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(method, arg1)\
+    if (!valid_) return false; \
+    if ((!BeginValue() && !GetContinueOnErrors()) || (!CurrentSchema().method arg1 && !GetContinueOnErrors())) {\
+        *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';\
+        documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);\
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(InvalidDocument, documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>());\
+        valid_ = false;\
+        return valid_;\
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2)\
+    for (Context* context = schemaStack_.template Bottom<Context>(); context != schemaStack_.template End<Context>(); context++) {\
+        if (context->hasher)\
+            static_cast<HasherType*>(context->hasher)->method arg2;\
+        if (context->validators)\
+            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->validatorCount; i_++)\
+                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->validators[i_])->method arg2;\
+        if (context->patternPropertiesValidators)\
+            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i_++)\
+                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->patternPropertiesValidators[i_])->method arg2;\
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(method, arg2)\
+    valid_ = (EndValue() || GetContinueOnErrors()) && (!outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->method arg2);\
+    return valid_;
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(method, arg1, arg2) \
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_   (method, arg1);\
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2);\
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_     (method, arg2)
+
+    bool Null()             { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Null,   (CurrentContext()), ( )); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)       { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Bool,   (CurrentContext(), b), (b)); }
+    bool Int(int i)         { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int,    (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint,   (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int64,  (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint64, (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
+    bool Double(double d)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Double, (CurrentContext(), d), (d)); }
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
+                                    { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
+                                    { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::StartObject");
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartObject, (CurrentContext()));
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartObject, ());
+        valid_ = !outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->StartObject();
+        return valid_;
+    }
+    
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::Key", str);
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        AppendToken(str, len);
+        if (!CurrentSchema().Key(CurrentContext(), str, len, copy) && !GetContinueOnErrors()) {
+            valid_ = false;
+            return valid_;
+        }
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(Key, (str, len, copy));
+        valid_ = !outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->Key(str, len, copy);
+        return valid_;
+    }
+    
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::EndObject");
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndObject, (memberCount));
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndObject(CurrentContext(), memberCount) && !GetContinueOnErrors()) { 
+            valid_ = false; 
+            return valid_; 
+        }
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndObject, (memberCount));
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::StartArray");
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartArray, (CurrentContext()));
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartArray, ());
+        valid_ = !outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->StartArray();
+        return valid_;
+    }
+    
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::EndArray");
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndArray, (elementCount));
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndArray(CurrentContext(), elementCount) && !GetContinueOnErrors()) {
+            valid_ = false;
+            return valid_;
+        }
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndArray, (elementCount));
+    }
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_
+
+    // Implementation of ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType>
+    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType& root, const bool inheritContinueOnErrors) {
+        *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+        ISchemaValidator* sv = new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(GenericSchemaValidator))) GenericSchemaValidator(*schemaDocument_, root, documentStack_.template Bottom<char>(), documentStack_.GetSize(),
+        depth_ + 1,
+        &GetStateAllocator());
+        sv->SetValidateFlags(inheritContinueOnErrors ? GetValidateFlags() : GetValidateFlags() & ~static_cast<unsigned>(kValidateContinueOnErrorFlag));
+        return sv;
+    }
+
+    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) {
+        GenericSchemaValidator* v = static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(validator);
+        v->~GenericSchemaValidator();
+        StateAllocator::Free(v);
+    }
+
+    virtual void* CreateHasher() {
+        return new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HasherType))) HasherType(&GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) {
+        return static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher)->GetHashCode();
+    }
+
+    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) {
+        HasherType* h = static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher);
+        h->~HasherType();
+        StateAllocator::Free(h);
+    }
+
+    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) {
+        return GetStateAllocator().Malloc(size);
+    }
+
+    virtual void FreeState(void* p) {
+        StateAllocator::Free(p);
+    }
+    // End of implementation of ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType>
+
+private:
+    typedef typename SchemaType::Context Context;
+    typedef GenericValue<UTF8<>, StateAllocator> HashCodeArray;
+    typedef internal::Hasher<EncodingType, StateAllocator> HasherType;
+
+    GenericSchemaValidator( 
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        const SchemaType& root,
+        const char* basePath, size_t basePathSize,
+        unsigned depth,
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0,
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(root),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        outputHandler_(0),
+        error_(kObjectType),
+        currentError_(),
+        missingDependents_(),
+        valid_(true),
+        flags_(kValidateDefaultFlags),
+        depth_(depth)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::GenericSchemaValidator (internal)", basePath && basePathSize ? basePath : "");
+        if (basePath && basePathSize)
+            memcpy(documentStack_.template Push<char>(basePathSize), basePath, basePathSize);
+    }
+
+    StateAllocator& GetStateAllocator() {
+        if (!stateAllocator_)
+            stateAllocator_ = ownStateAllocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(StateAllocator)();
+        return *stateAllocator_;
+    }
+
+    bool GetContinueOnErrors() const {
+        return flags_ & kValidateContinueOnErrorFlag;
+    }
+
+    bool BeginValue() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::BeginValue");
+        if (schemaStack_.Empty())
+            PushSchema(root_);
+        else {
+            if (CurrentContext().inArray)
+                internal::TokenHelper<internal::Stack<StateAllocator>, Ch>::AppendIndexToken(documentStack_, CurrentContext().arrayElementIndex);
+
+            if (!CurrentSchema().BeginValue(CurrentContext()) && !GetContinueOnErrors())
+                return false;
+
+            SizeType count = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
+            const SchemaType** sa = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemas;
+            typename Context::PatternValidatorType patternValidatorType = CurrentContext().valuePatternValidatorType;
+            bool valueUniqueness = CurrentContext().valueUniqueness;
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(CurrentContext().valueSchema);
+            PushSchema(*CurrentContext().valueSchema);
+
+            if (count > 0) {
+                CurrentContext().objectPatternValidatorType = patternValidatorType;
+                ISchemaValidator**& va = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidators;
+                SizeType& validatorCount = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+                va = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * count));
+                std::memset(va, 0, sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * count);
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                    va[validatorCount++] = CreateSchemaValidator(*sa[i], true);  // Inherit continueOnError
+            }
+
+            CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness = valueUniqueness;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool EndValue() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(Method, "GenericSchemaValidator::EndValue");
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndValue(CurrentContext()) && !GetContinueOnErrors())
+            return false;
+
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        schemaDocument_->GetPointer(&CurrentSchema()).StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+        *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_PRINT(ValidatorPointers, sb.GetString(), documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>(), depth_);
+        void* hasher = CurrentContext().hasher;
+        uint64_t h = hasher && CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness ? static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher)->GetHashCode() : 0;
+        
+        PopSchema();
+
+        if (!schemaStack_.Empty()) {
+            Context& context = CurrentContext();
+            // Only check uniqueness if there is a hasher
+            if (hasher && context.valueUniqueness) {
+                HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(context.arrayElementHashCodes);
+                if (!a)
+                    CurrentContext().arrayElementHashCodes = a = new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HashCodeArray))) HashCodeArray(kArrayType);
+                for (typename HashCodeArray::ConstValueIterator itr = a->Begin(); itr != a->End(); ++itr)
+                    if (itr->GetUint64() == h) {
+                        DuplicateItems(static_cast<SizeType>(itr - a->Begin()), a->Size());
+                        // Cleanup before returning if continuing
+                        if (GetContinueOnErrors()) {
+                            a->PushBack(h, GetStateAllocator());
+                            while (!documentStack_.Empty() && *documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1) != '/');
+                        }
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(kValidateErrorUniqueItems);
+                    }
+                a->PushBack(h, GetStateAllocator());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Remove the last token of document pointer
+        while (!documentStack_.Empty() && *documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1) != '/')
+            ;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void AppendToken(const Ch* str, SizeType len) {
+        documentStack_.template Reserve<Ch>(1 + len * 2); // worst case all characters are escaped as two characters
+        *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '/';
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            if (str[i] == '~') {
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '0';
+            }
+            else if (str[i] == '/') {
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '1';
+            }
+            else
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = str[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PushSchema(const SchemaType& schema) { new (schemaStack_.template Push<Context>()) Context(*this, *this, &schema, flags_); }
+    
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PopSchema() {
+        Context* c = schemaStack_.template Pop<Context>(1);
+        if (HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(c->arrayElementHashCodes)) {
+            a->~HashCodeArray();
+            StateAllocator::Free(a);
+        }
+        c->~Context();
+    }
+
+    void AddErrorInstanceLocation(ValueType& result, bool parent) {
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        PointerType instancePointer = GetInvalidDocumentPointer();
+        ((parent && instancePointer.GetTokenCount() > 0)
+         ? PointerType(instancePointer.GetTokens(), instancePointer.GetTokenCount() - 1)
+         : instancePointer).StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+        ValueType instanceRef(sb.GetString(), static_cast<SizeType>(sb.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch)),
+                              GetStateAllocator());
+        result.AddMember(GetInstanceRefString(), instanceRef, GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    void AddErrorSchemaLocation(ValueType& result, PointerType schema = PointerType()) {
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        SizeType len = CurrentSchema().GetURI().GetStringLength();
+        if (len) memcpy(sb.Push(len), CurrentSchema().GetURI().GetString(), len * sizeof(Ch));
+        if (schema.GetTokenCount()) schema.StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+        else GetInvalidSchemaPointer().StringifyUriFragment(sb);
+        ValueType schemaRef(sb.GetString(), static_cast<SizeType>(sb.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch)),
+            GetStateAllocator());
+        result.AddMember(GetSchemaRefString(), schemaRef, GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    void AddErrorCode(ValueType& result, const ValidateErrorCode code) {
+        result.AddMember(GetErrorCodeString(), code, GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    void AddError(ValueType& keyword, ValueType& error) {
+        typename ValueType::MemberIterator member = error_.FindMember(keyword);
+        if (member == error_.MemberEnd())
+            error_.AddMember(keyword, error, GetStateAllocator());
+        else {
+            if (member->value.IsObject()) {
+                ValueType errors(kArrayType);
+                errors.PushBack(member->value, GetStateAllocator());
+                member->value = errors;
+            }
+            member->value.PushBack(error, GetStateAllocator());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void AddCurrentError(const ValidateErrorCode code, bool parent = false) {
+        AddErrorCode(currentError_, code);
+        AddErrorInstanceLocation(currentError_, parent);
+        AddErrorSchemaLocation(currentError_);
+        AddError(ValueType(SchemaType::GetValidateErrorKeyword(code), GetStateAllocator(), false).Move(), currentError_);
+    }
+
+    void MergeError(ValueType& other) {
+        for (typename ValueType::MemberIterator it = other.MemberBegin(), end = other.MemberEnd(); it != end; ++it) {
+            AddError(it->name, it->value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void AddNumberError(const ValidateErrorCode code, ValueType& actual, const SValue& expected,
+        const typename SchemaType::ValueType& (*exclusive)() = 0) {
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetActualString(), actual, GetStateAllocator());
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetExpectedString(), ValueType(expected, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
+        if (exclusive)
+            currentError_.AddMember(ValueType(exclusive(), GetStateAllocator()).Move(), true, GetStateAllocator());
+        AddCurrentError(code);
+    }
+
+    void AddErrorArray(const ValidateErrorCode code,
+        ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
+        ValueType errors(kArrayType);
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+            errors.PushBack(static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidators[i])->GetError(), GetStateAllocator());
+        currentError_.SetObject();
+        currentError_.AddMember(GetErrorsString(), errors, GetStateAllocator());
+        AddCurrentError(code);
+    }
+
+    const SchemaType& CurrentSchema() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>()->schema; }
+    Context& CurrentContext() { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
+    const Context& CurrentContext() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity = 1024;
+    static const size_t kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity = 256;
+    const SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument_;
+    const SchemaType& root_;
+    StateAllocator* stateAllocator_;
+    StateAllocator* ownStateAllocator_;
+    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> schemaStack_;    //!< stack to store the current path of schema (BaseSchemaType *)
+    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> documentStack_;  //!< stack to store the current path of validating document (Ch)
+    OutputHandler* outputHandler_;
+    ValueType error_;
+    ValueType currentError_;
+    ValueType missingDependents_;
+    bool valid_;
+    unsigned flags_;
+    unsigned depth_;
+};
+
+typedef GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocument> SchemaValidator;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SchemaValidatingReader
+
+//! A helper class for parsing with validation.
+/*!
+    This helper class is a functor, designed as a parameter of \ref GenericDocument::Populate().
+
+    \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+    \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of the input stream.
+    \tparam SchemaDocumentType Type of schema document.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator type for stack.
+*/
+template <
+    unsigned parseFlags,
+    typename InputStream,
+    typename SourceEncoding,
+    typename SchemaDocumentType = SchemaDocument,
+    typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class SchemaValidatingReader {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename InputStream::Ch Ch;
+    typedef GenericValue<SourceEncoding, StackAllocator> ValueType;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*!
+        \param is Input stream.
+        \param sd Schema document.
+    */
+    SchemaValidatingReader(InputStream& is, const SchemaDocumentType& sd) : is_(is), sd_(sd), invalidSchemaKeyword_(), invalidSchemaCode_(kValidateErrorNone), error_(kObjectType), isValid_(true) {}
+
+    template <typename Handler>
+    bool operator()(Handler& handler) {
+        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, typename SchemaDocumentType::EncodingType, StackAllocator> reader;
+        GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocumentType, Handler> validator(sd_, handler);
+        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is_, validator);
+
+        isValid_ = validator.IsValid();
+        if (isValid_) {
+            invalidSchemaPointer_ = PointerType();
+            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = 0;
+            invalidDocumentPointer_ = PointerType();
+            error_.SetObject();
+        }
+        else {
+            invalidSchemaPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaPointer();
+            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaKeyword();
+            invalidSchemaCode_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaCode();
+            invalidDocumentPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidDocumentPointer();
+            error_.CopyFrom(validator.GetError(), allocator_);
+        }
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    const ParseResult& GetParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
+    bool IsValid() const { return isValid_; }
+    const PointerType& GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const { return invalidSchemaPointer_; }
+    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const { return invalidSchemaKeyword_; }
+    const PointerType& GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const { return invalidDocumentPointer_; }
+    const ValueType& GetError() const { return error_; }
+    ValidateErrorCode GetInvalidSchemaCode() const { return invalidSchemaCode_; }
+
+private:
+    InputStream& is_;
+    const SchemaDocumentType& sd_;
+
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+    PointerType invalidSchemaPointer_;
+    const Ch* invalidSchemaKeyword_;
+    PointerType invalidDocumentPointer_;
+    ValidateErrorCode invalidSchemaCode_;
+    StackAllocator allocator_;
+    ValueType error_;
+    bool isValid_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/stream.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/stream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fd70915c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/stream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
+
+#include "encodings.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Stream
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Stream
+    \brief Concept for reading and writing characters.
+
+    For read-only stream, no need to implement PutBegin(), Put(), Flush() and PutEnd().
+
+    For write-only stream, only need to implement Put() and Flush().
+
+\code
+concept Stream {
+    typename Ch;    //!< Character type of the stream.
+
+    //! Read the current character from stream without moving the read cursor.
+    Ch Peek() const;
+
+    //! Read the current character from stream and moving the read cursor to next character.
+    Ch Take();
+
+    //! Get the current read cursor.
+    //! \return Number of characters read from start.
+    size_t Tell();
+
+    //! Begin writing operation at the current read pointer.
+    //! \return The begin writer pointer.
+    Ch* PutBegin();
+
+    //! Write a character.
+    void Put(Ch c);
+
+    //! Flush the buffer.
+    void Flush();
+
+    //! End the writing operation.
+    //! \param begin The begin write pointer returned by PutBegin().
+    //! \return Number of characters written.
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch* begin);
+}
+\endcode
+*/
+
+//! Provides additional information for stream.
+/*!
+    By using traits pattern, this type provides a default configuration for stream.
+    For custom stream, this type can be specialized for other configuration.
+    See TEST(Reader, CustomStringStream) in readertest.cpp for example.
+*/
+template<typename Stream>
+struct StreamTraits {
+    //! Whether to make local copy of stream for optimization during parsing.
+    /*!
+        By default, for safety, streams do not use local copy optimization.
+        Stream that can be copied fast should specialize this, like StreamTraits<StringStream>.
+    */
+    enum { copyOptimization = 0 };
+};
+
+//! Reserve n characters for writing to a stream.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutReserve(Stream& stream, size_t count) {
+    (void)stream;
+    (void)count;
+}
+
+//! Write character to a stream, presuming buffer is reserved.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutUnsafe(Stream& stream, typename Stream::Ch c) {
+    stream.Put(c);
+}
+
+//! Put N copies of a character to a stream.
+template<typename Stream, typename Ch>
+inline void PutN(Stream& stream, Ch c, size_t n) {
+    PutReserve(stream, n);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        PutUnsafe(stream, c);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericStreamWrapper
+
+//! A Stream Wrapper
+/*! \tThis string stream is a wrapper for any stream by just forwarding any
+    \treceived message to the origin stream.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512)  // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+template <typename InputStream, typename Encoding = UTF8<> >
+class GenericStreamWrapper {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+    GenericStreamWrapper(InputStream& is): is_(is) {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return is_.Peek(); }
+    Ch Take() { return is_.Take(); }
+    size_t Tell() { return is_.Tell(); }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return is_.PutBegin(); }
+    void Put(Ch ch) { is_.Put(ch); }
+    void Flush() { is_.Flush(); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch* ch) { return is_.PutEnd(ch); }
+
+    // wrapper for MemoryStream
+    const Ch* Peek4() const { return is_.Peek4(); }
+
+    // wrapper for AutoUTFInputStream
+    UTFType GetType() const { return is_.GetType(); }
+    bool HasBOM() const { return is_.HasBOM(); }
+
+protected:
+    InputStream& is_;
+};
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// StringStream
+
+//! Read-only string stream.
+/*! \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericStringStream {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericStringStream(const Ch *src) : src_(src), head_(src) {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+    const Ch* head_;    //!< Original head of the string.
+};
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct StreamTraits<GenericStringStream<Encoding> > {
+    enum { copyOptimization = 1 };
+};
+
+//! String stream with UTF8 encoding.
+typedef GenericStringStream<UTF8<> > StringStream;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// InsituStringStream
+
+//! A read-write string stream.
+/*! This string stream is particularly designed for in-situ parsing.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericInsituStringStream {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericInsituStringStream(Ch *src) : src_(src), dst_(0), head_(src) {}
+
+    // Read
+    Ch Peek() { return *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+
+    // Write
+    void Put(Ch c) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dst_ != 0); *dst_++ = c; }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return dst_ = src_; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch* begin) { return static_cast<size_t>(dst_ - begin); }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { Ch* begin = dst_; dst_ += count; return begin; }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { dst_ -= count; }
+
+    Ch* src_;
+    Ch* dst_;
+    Ch* head_;
+};
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct StreamTraits<GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> > {
+    enum { copyOptimization = 1 };
+};
+
+//! Insitu string stream with UTF8 encoding.
+typedef GenericInsituStringStream<UTF8<> > InsituStringStream;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82ad3ca6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#include <utility> // std::move
+#endif
+
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory output stream.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding Encoding of the stream.
+    \tparam Allocator type for allocating memory buffer.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericStringBuffer {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericStringBuffer(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t capacity = kDefaultCapacity) : stack_(allocator, capacity) {}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericStringBuffer(GenericStringBuffer&& rhs) : stack_(std::move(rhs.stack_)) {}
+    GenericStringBuffer& operator=(GenericStringBuffer&& rhs) {
+        if (&rhs != this)
+            stack_ = std::move(rhs.stack_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c; }
+    void PutUnsafe(Ch c) { *stack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = c; }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    void Clear() { stack_.Clear(); }
+    void ShrinkToFit() {
+        // Push and pop a null terminator. This is safe.
+        *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        stack_.ShrinkToFit();
+        stack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+    }
+
+    void Reserve(size_t count) { stack_.template Reserve<Ch>(count); }
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count); }
+    Ch* PushUnsafe(size_t count) { return stack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>(count); }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { stack_.template Pop<Ch>(count); }
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const {
+        // Push and pop a null terminator. This is safe.
+        *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        stack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+
+        return stack_.template Bottom<Ch>();
+    }
+
+    //! Get the size of string in bytes in the string buffer.
+    size_t GetSize() const { return stack_.GetSize(); }
+
+    //! Get the length of string in Ch in the string buffer.
+    size_t GetLength() const { return stack_.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch); }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultCapacity = 256;
+    mutable internal::Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    GenericStringBuffer(const GenericStringBuffer&);
+    GenericStringBuffer& operator=(const GenericStringBuffer&);
+};
+
+//! String buffer with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<> > StringBuffer;
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+inline void PutReserve(GenericStringBuffer<Encoding, Allocator>& stream, size_t count) {
+    stream.Reserve(count);
+}
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+inline void PutUnsafe(GenericStringBuffer<Encoding, Allocator>& stream, typename Encoding::Ch c) {
+    stream.PutUnsafe(c);
+}
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<> >& stream, char c, size_t n) {
+    std::memset(stream.stack_.Push<char>(n), c, n * sizeof(c));
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/uri.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/uri.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f93e508a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/uri.h
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 2021
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_URI_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_URI_H_
+
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericUri
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator=CrtAllocator>
+class GenericUri {
+public:
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    typedef std::basic_string<Ch> String;
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructors
+    GenericUri(Allocator* allocator = 0) : uri_(), base_(), scheme_(), auth_(), path_(), query_(), frag_(), allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_() {
+    }
+
+    GenericUri(const Ch* uri, SizeType len, Allocator* allocator = 0) : uri_(), base_(), scheme_(), auth_(), path_(), query_(), frag_(), allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_() {
+        Parse(uri, len);
+    }
+
+    GenericUri(const Ch* uri, Allocator* allocator = 0) : uri_(), base_(), scheme_(), auth_(), path_(), query_(), frag_(), allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_() {
+        Parse(uri, internal::StrLen<Ch>(uri));
+    }
+
+    // Use with specializations of GenericValue
+    template<typename T> GenericUri(const T& uri, Allocator* allocator = 0) : uri_(), base_(), scheme_(), auth_(), path_(), query_(), frag_(), allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_() {
+        const Ch* u = uri.template Get<const Ch*>(); // TypeHelper from document.h
+        Parse(u, internal::StrLen<Ch>(u));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    GenericUri(const String& uri, Allocator* allocator = 0) : uri_(), base_(), scheme_(), auth_(), path_(), query_(), frag_(), allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_() {
+        Parse(uri.c_str(), internal::StrLen<Ch>(uri.c_str()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Copy constructor
+    GenericUri(const GenericUri& rhs) : uri_(), base_(), scheme_(), auth_(), path_(), query_(), frag_(), allocator_(), ownAllocator_() {
+        *this = rhs;
+    }
+
+    //! Copy constructor
+    GenericUri(const GenericUri& rhs, Allocator* allocator) : uri_(), base_(), scheme_(), auth_(), path_(), query_(), frag_(), allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_() {
+        *this = rhs;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    ~GenericUri() {
+        Free();
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment operator
+    GenericUri& operator=(const GenericUri& rhs) {
+        if (this != &rhs) {
+            // Do not delete ownAllocator
+            Free();
+            Allocate(rhs.GetStringLength());
+            auth_ = CopyPart(scheme_, rhs.scheme_, rhs.GetSchemeStringLength());
+            path_ = CopyPart(auth_, rhs.auth_, rhs.GetAuthStringLength());
+            query_ = CopyPart(path_, rhs.path_, rhs.GetPathStringLength());
+            frag_ = CopyPart(query_, rhs.query_, rhs.GetQueryStringLength());
+            base_ = CopyPart(frag_, rhs.frag_, rhs.GetFragStringLength());
+            uri_ = CopyPart(base_, rhs.base_, rhs.GetBaseStringLength());
+            CopyPart(uri_, rhs.uri_, rhs.GetStringLength());
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Getters
+    // Use with specializations of GenericValue
+    template<typename T> void Get(T& uri, Allocator& allocator) {
+        uri.template Set<const Ch*>(this->GetString(), allocator); // TypeHelper from document.h
+    }
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const { return uri_; }
+    SizeType GetStringLength() const { return uri_ == 0 ? 0 : internal::StrLen<Ch>(uri_); }
+    const Ch* GetBaseString() const { return base_; }
+    SizeType GetBaseStringLength() const { return base_ == 0 ? 0 : internal::StrLen<Ch>(base_); }
+    const Ch* GetSchemeString() const { return scheme_; }
+    SizeType GetSchemeStringLength() const { return scheme_ == 0 ? 0 : internal::StrLen<Ch>(scheme_); }
+    const Ch* GetAuthString() const { return auth_; }
+    SizeType GetAuthStringLength() const { return auth_ == 0 ? 0 : internal::StrLen<Ch>(auth_); }
+    const Ch* GetPathString() const { return path_; }
+    SizeType GetPathStringLength() const { return path_ == 0 ? 0 : internal::StrLen<Ch>(path_); }
+    const Ch* GetQueryString() const { return query_; }
+    SizeType GetQueryStringLength() const { return query_ == 0 ? 0 : internal::StrLen<Ch>(query_); }
+    const Ch* GetFragString() const { return frag_; }
+    SizeType GetFragStringLength() const { return frag_ == 0 ? 0 : internal::StrLen<Ch>(frag_); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    static String Get(const GenericUri& uri) { return String(uri.GetString(), uri.GetStringLength()); }
+    static String GetBase(const GenericUri& uri) { return String(uri.GetBaseString(), uri.GetBaseStringLength()); }
+    static String GetScheme(const GenericUri& uri) { return String(uri.GetSchemeString(), uri.GetSchemeStringLength()); }
+    static String GetAuth(const GenericUri& uri) { return String(uri.GetAuthString(), uri.GetAuthStringLength()); }
+    static String GetPath(const GenericUri& uri) { return String(uri.GetPathString(), uri.GetPathStringLength()); }
+    static String GetQuery(const GenericUri& uri) { return String(uri.GetQueryString(), uri.GetQueryStringLength()); }
+    static String GetFrag(const GenericUri& uri) { return String(uri.GetFragString(), uri.GetFragStringLength()); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Equality operators
+    bool operator==(const GenericUri& rhs) const {
+        return Match(rhs, true);
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const GenericUri& rhs) const {
+        return !Match(rhs, true);
+    }
+
+    bool Match(const GenericUri& uri, bool full = true) const {
+        Ch* s1;
+        Ch* s2;
+        if (full) {
+            s1 = uri_;
+            s2 = uri.uri_;
+        } else {
+            s1 = base_;
+            s2 = uri.base_;
+        }
+        if (s1 == s2) return true;
+        if (s1 == 0 || s2 == 0) return false;
+        return internal::StrCmp<Ch>(s1, s2) == 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Resolve this URI against another (base) URI in accordance with URI resolution rules.
+    // See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
+    // Use for resolving an id or $ref with an in-scope id.
+    // Returns a new GenericUri for the resolved URI.
+    GenericUri Resolve(const GenericUri& baseuri, Allocator* allocator = 0) {
+        GenericUri resuri;
+        resuri.allocator_ = allocator;
+        // Ensure enough space for combining paths
+        resuri.Allocate(GetStringLength() + baseuri.GetStringLength() + 1); // + 1 for joining slash
+
+        if (!(GetSchemeStringLength() == 0)) {
+            // Use all of this URI
+            resuri.auth_ = CopyPart(resuri.scheme_, scheme_, GetSchemeStringLength());
+            resuri.path_ = CopyPart(resuri.auth_, auth_, GetAuthStringLength());
+            resuri.query_ = CopyPart(resuri.path_, path_, GetPathStringLength());
+            resuri.frag_ = CopyPart(resuri.query_, query_, GetQueryStringLength());
+            resuri.RemoveDotSegments();
+        } else {
+            // Use the base scheme
+            resuri.auth_ = CopyPart(resuri.scheme_, baseuri.scheme_, baseuri.GetSchemeStringLength());
+            if (!(GetAuthStringLength() == 0)) {
+                // Use this auth, path, query
+                resuri.path_ = CopyPart(resuri.auth_, auth_, GetAuthStringLength());
+                resuri.query_ = CopyPart(resuri.path_, path_, GetPathStringLength());
+                resuri.frag_ = CopyPart(resuri.query_, query_, GetQueryStringLength());
+                resuri.RemoveDotSegments();
+            } else {
+                // Use the base auth
+                resuri.path_ = CopyPart(resuri.auth_, baseuri.auth_, baseuri.GetAuthStringLength());
+                if (GetPathStringLength() == 0) {
+                    // Use the base path
+                    resuri.query_ = CopyPart(resuri.path_, baseuri.path_, baseuri.GetPathStringLength());
+                    if (GetQueryStringLength() == 0) {
+                        // Use the base query
+                        resuri.frag_ = CopyPart(resuri.query_, baseuri.query_, baseuri.GetQueryStringLength());
+                    } else {
+                        // Use this query
+                        resuri.frag_ = CopyPart(resuri.query_, query_, GetQueryStringLength());
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (path_[0] == '/') {
+                        // Absolute path - use all of this path
+                        resuri.query_ = CopyPart(resuri.path_, path_, GetPathStringLength());
+                        resuri.RemoveDotSegments();
+                    } else {
+                        // Relative path - append this path to base path after base path's last slash
+                        size_t pos = 0;
+                        if (!(baseuri.GetAuthStringLength() == 0) && baseuri.GetPathStringLength() == 0) {
+                            resuri.path_[pos] = '/';
+                            pos++;
+                        }
+                        size_t lastslashpos = baseuri.GetPathStringLength();
+                        while (lastslashpos > 0) {
+                            if (baseuri.path_[lastslashpos - 1] == '/') break;
+                            lastslashpos--;
+                        }
+                        std::memcpy(&resuri.path_[pos], baseuri.path_, lastslashpos * sizeof(Ch));
+                        pos += lastslashpos;
+                        resuri.query_ = CopyPart(&resuri.path_[pos], path_, GetPathStringLength());
+                        resuri.RemoveDotSegments();
+                    }
+                    // Use this query
+                    resuri.frag_ = CopyPart(resuri.query_, query_, GetQueryStringLength());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Always use this frag
+        resuri.base_ = CopyPart(resuri.frag_, frag_, GetFragStringLength());
+
+        // Re-constitute base_ and uri_
+        resuri.SetBase();
+        resuri.uri_ = resuri.base_ + resuri.GetBaseStringLength() + 1;
+        resuri.SetUri();
+        return resuri;
+    }
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this GenericUri.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() { return *allocator_; }
+
+private:
+    // Allocate memory for a URI
+    // Returns total amount allocated
+    std::size_t Allocate(std::size_t len) {
+        // Create own allocator if user did not supply.
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ =  allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+
+        // Allocate one block containing each part of the URI (5) plus base plus full URI, all null terminated.
+        // Order: scheme, auth, path, query, frag, base, uri
+        // Note need to set, increment, assign in 3 stages to avoid compiler warning bug.
+        size_t total = (3 * len + 7) * sizeof(Ch);
+        scheme_ = static_cast<Ch*>(allocator_->Malloc(total));
+        *scheme_ = '\0';
+        auth_ = scheme_;
+        auth_++;
+        *auth_ = '\0';
+        path_ = auth_;
+        path_++;
+        *path_ = '\0';
+        query_ = path_;
+        query_++;
+        *query_ = '\0';
+        frag_ = query_;
+        frag_++;
+        *frag_ = '\0';
+        base_ = frag_;
+        base_++;
+        *base_ = '\0';
+        uri_ = base_;
+        uri_++;
+        *uri_ = '\0';
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    // Free memory for a URI
+    void Free() {
+        if (scheme_) {
+            Allocator::Free(scheme_);
+            scheme_ = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse a URI into constituent scheme, authority, path, query, & fragment parts
+    // Supports URIs that match regex ^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))? as per
+    // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
+    void Parse(const Ch* uri, std::size_t len) {
+        std::size_t start = 0, pos1 = 0, pos2 = 0;
+        Allocate(len);
+
+        // Look for scheme ([^:/?#]+):)?
+        if (start < len) {
+            while (pos1 < len) {
+                if (uri[pos1] == ':') break;
+                pos1++;
+            }
+            if (pos1 != len) {
+                while (pos2 < len) {
+                    if (uri[pos2] == '/') break;
+                    if (uri[pos2] == '?') break;
+                    if (uri[pos2] == '#') break;
+                    pos2++;
+                }
+                if (pos1 < pos2) {
+                    pos1++;
+                    std::memcpy(scheme_, &uri[start], pos1 * sizeof(Ch));
+                    scheme_[pos1] = '\0';
+                    start = pos1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Look for auth (//([^/?#]*))?
+        // Note need to set, increment, assign in 3 stages to avoid compiler warning bug.
+        auth_ = scheme_ + GetSchemeStringLength();
+        auth_++;
+        *auth_ = '\0';
+        if (start < len - 1 && uri[start] == '/' && uri[start + 1] == '/') {
+            pos2 = start + 2;
+            while (pos2 < len) {
+                if (uri[pos2] == '/') break;
+                if (uri[pos2] == '?') break;
+                if (uri[pos2] == '#') break;
+                pos2++;
+            }
+            std::memcpy(auth_, &uri[start], (pos2 - start) * sizeof(Ch));
+            auth_[pos2 - start] = '\0';
+            start = pos2;
+        }
+        // Look for path ([^?#]*)
+        // Note need to set, increment, assign in 3 stages to avoid compiler warning bug.
+        path_ = auth_ + GetAuthStringLength();
+        path_++;
+        *path_ = '\0';
+        if (start < len) {
+            pos2 = start;
+            while (pos2 < len) {
+                if (uri[pos2] == '?') break;
+                if (uri[pos2] == '#') break;
+                pos2++;
+            }
+            if (start != pos2) {
+                std::memcpy(path_, &uri[start], (pos2 - start) * sizeof(Ch));
+                path_[pos2 - start] = '\0';
+                if (path_[0] == '/')
+                    RemoveDotSegments();   // absolute path - normalize
+                start = pos2;
+            }
+        }
+        // Look for query (\?([^#]*))?
+        // Note need to set, increment, assign in 3 stages to avoid compiler warning bug.
+        query_ = path_ + GetPathStringLength();
+        query_++;
+        *query_ = '\0';
+        if (start < len && uri[start] == '?') {
+            pos2 = start + 1;
+            while (pos2 < len) {
+                if (uri[pos2] == '#') break;
+                pos2++;
+            }
+            if (start != pos2) {
+                std::memcpy(query_, &uri[start], (pos2 - start) * sizeof(Ch));
+                query_[pos2 - start] = '\0';
+                start = pos2;
+            }
+        }
+        // Look for fragment (#(.*))?
+        // Note need to set, increment, assign in 3 stages to avoid compiler warning bug.
+        frag_ = query_ + GetQueryStringLength();
+        frag_++;
+        *frag_ = '\0';
+        if (start < len && uri[start] == '#') {
+            std::memcpy(frag_, &uri[start], (len - start) * sizeof(Ch));
+            frag_[len - start] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        // Re-constitute base_ and uri_
+        base_ = frag_ + GetFragStringLength() + 1;
+        SetBase();
+        uri_ = base_ + GetBaseStringLength() + 1;
+        SetUri();
+    }
+
+    // Reconstitute base
+    void SetBase() {
+        Ch* next = base_;
+        std::memcpy(next, scheme_, GetSchemeStringLength() * sizeof(Ch));
+        next+= GetSchemeStringLength();
+        std::memcpy(next, auth_, GetAuthStringLength() * sizeof(Ch));
+        next+= GetAuthStringLength();
+        std::memcpy(next, path_, GetPathStringLength() * sizeof(Ch));
+        next+= GetPathStringLength();
+        std::memcpy(next, query_, GetQueryStringLength() * sizeof(Ch));
+        next+= GetQueryStringLength();
+        *next = '\0';
+    }
+
+    // Reconstitute uri
+    void SetUri() {
+        Ch* next = uri_;
+        std::memcpy(next, base_, GetBaseStringLength() * sizeof(Ch));
+        next+= GetBaseStringLength();
+        std::memcpy(next, frag_, GetFragStringLength() * sizeof(Ch));
+        next+= GetFragStringLength();
+        *next = '\0';
+    }
+
+    // Copy a part from one GenericUri to another
+    // Return the pointer to the next part to be copied to
+    Ch* CopyPart(Ch* to, Ch* from, std::size_t len) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(to != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(from != 0);
+        std::memcpy(to, from, len * sizeof(Ch));
+        to[len] = '\0';
+        Ch* next = to + len + 1;
+        return next;
+    }
+
+    // Remove . and .. segments from the path_ member.
+    // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
+    // This is done in place as we are only removing segments.
+    void RemoveDotSegments() {
+        std::size_t pathlen = GetPathStringLength();
+        std::size_t pathpos = 0;  // Position in path_
+        std::size_t newpos = 0;   // Position in new path_
+
+        // Loop through each segment in original path_
+        while (pathpos < pathlen) {
+            // Get next segment, bounded by '/' or end
+            size_t slashpos = 0;
+            while ((pathpos + slashpos) < pathlen) {
+                if (path_[pathpos + slashpos] == '/') break;
+                slashpos++;
+            }
+            // Check for .. and . segments
+            if (slashpos == 2 && path_[pathpos] == '.' && path_[pathpos + 1] == '.') {
+                // Backup a .. segment in the new path_
+                // We expect to find a previously added slash at the end or nothing
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(newpos == 0 || path_[newpos - 1] == '/');
+                size_t lastslashpos = newpos;
+                // Make sure we don't go beyond the start segment
+                if (lastslashpos > 1) {
+                    // Find the next to last slash and back up to it
+                    lastslashpos--;
+                    while (lastslashpos > 0) {
+                        if (path_[lastslashpos - 1] == '/') break;
+                        lastslashpos--;
+                    }
+                    // Set the new path_ position
+                    newpos = lastslashpos;
+                }
+            } else if (slashpos == 1 && path_[pathpos] == '.') {
+                // Discard . segment, leaves new path_ unchanged
+            } else {
+                // Move any other kind of segment to the new path_
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(newpos <= pathpos);
+                std::memmove(&path_[newpos], &path_[pathpos], slashpos * sizeof(Ch));
+                newpos += slashpos;
+                // Add slash if not at end
+                if ((pathpos + slashpos) < pathlen) {
+                    path_[newpos] = '/';
+                    newpos++;
+                }
+            }
+            // Move to next segment
+            pathpos += slashpos + 1;
+        }
+        path_[newpos] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    Ch* uri_;    // Everything
+    Ch* base_;   // Everything except fragment
+    Ch* scheme_; // Includes the :
+    Ch* auth_;   // Includes the //
+    Ch* path_;   // Absolute if starts with /
+    Ch* query_;  // Includes the ?
+    Ch* frag_;   // Includes the #
+
+    Allocator* allocator_;      //!< The current allocator. It is either user-supplied or equal to ownAllocator_.
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;   //!< Allocator owned by this Uri.
+};
+
+//! GenericUri for Value (UTF-8, default allocator).
+typedef GenericUri<Value> Uri;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_URI_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/writer.h b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..632e02ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/include/rapidjson/writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,721 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_WRITER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_WRITER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/clzll.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+#include "internal/dtoa.h"
+#include "internal/itoa.h"
+#include "stringbuffer.h"
+#include <new>      // placement new
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SIMD) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#endif
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+#include <nmmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_NEON)
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// WriteFlag
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS 
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kWriteDefaultFlags definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c WriteFlag combinations.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS kWriteNoFlags
+#endif
+
+//! Combination of writeFlags
+enum WriteFlag {
+    kWriteNoFlags = 0,              //!< No flags are set.
+    kWriteValidateEncodingFlag = 1, //!< Validate encoding of JSON strings.
+    kWriteNanAndInfFlag = 2,        //!< Allow writing of Infinity, -Infinity and NaN.
+    kWriteNanAndInfNullFlag = 4,    //!< Allow writing of Infinity, -Infinity and NaN as null.
+    kWriteDefaultFlags = RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS  //!< Default write flags. Can be customized by defining RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+};
+
+//! JSON writer
+/*! Writer implements the concept Handler.
+    It generates JSON text by events to an output os.
+
+    User may programmatically calls the functions of a writer to generate JSON text.
+
+    On the other side, a writer can also be passed to objects that generates events, 
+
+    for example Reader::Parse() and Document::Accept().
+
+    \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of source string.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of output stream.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Type of allocator for allocating memory of stack.
+    \note implements Handler concept
+*/
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding = UTF8<>, typename TargetEncoding = UTF8<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator, unsigned writeFlags = kWriteDefaultFlags>
+class Writer {
+public:
+    typedef typename SourceEncoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    static const int kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces = 324;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! \param os Output stream.
+        \param stackAllocator User supplied allocator. If it is null, it will create a private one.
+        \param levelDepth Initial capacity of stack.
+    */
+    explicit
+    Writer(OutputStream& os, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        os_(&os), level_stack_(stackAllocator, levelDepth * sizeof(Level)), maxDecimalPlaces_(kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces), hasRoot_(false) {}
+
+    explicit
+    Writer(StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = kDefaultLevelDepth) :
+        os_(0), level_stack_(allocator, levelDepth * sizeof(Level)), maxDecimalPlaces_(kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces), hasRoot_(false) {}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    Writer(Writer&& rhs) :
+        os_(rhs.os_), level_stack_(std::move(rhs.level_stack_)), maxDecimalPlaces_(rhs.maxDecimalPlaces_), hasRoot_(rhs.hasRoot_) {
+        rhs.os_ = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Reset the writer with a new stream.
+    /*!
+        This function reset the writer with a new stream and default settings,
+        in order to make a Writer object reusable for output multiple JSONs.
+
+        \param os New output stream.
+        \code
+        Writer<OutputStream> writer(os1);
+        writer.StartObject();
+        // ...
+        writer.EndObject();
+
+        writer.Reset(os2);
+        writer.StartObject();
+        // ...
+        writer.EndObject();
+        \endcode
+    */
+    void Reset(OutputStream& os) {
+        os_ = &os;
+        hasRoot_ = false;
+        level_stack_.Clear();
+    }
+
+    //! Checks whether the output is a complete JSON.
+    /*!
+        A complete JSON has a complete root object or array.
+    */
+    bool IsComplete() const {
+        return hasRoot_ && level_stack_.Empty();
+    }
+
+    int GetMaxDecimalPlaces() const {
+        return maxDecimalPlaces_;
+    }
+
+    //! Sets the maximum number of decimal places for double output.
+    /*!
+        This setting truncates the output with specified number of decimal places.
+
+        For example, 
+
+        \code
+        writer.SetMaxDecimalPlaces(3);
+        writer.StartArray();
+        writer.Double(0.12345);                 // "0.123"
+        writer.Double(0.0001);                  // "0.0"
+        writer.Double(1.234567890123456e30);    // "1.234567890123456e30" (do not truncate significand for positive exponent)
+        writer.Double(1.23e-4);                 // "0.0"                  (do truncate significand for negative exponent)
+        writer.EndArray();
+        \endcode
+
+        The default setting does not truncate any decimal places. You can restore to this setting by calling
+        \code
+        writer.SetMaxDecimalPlaces(Writer::kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces);
+        \endcode
+    */
+    void SetMaxDecimalPlaces(int maxDecimalPlaces) {
+        maxDecimalPlaces_ = maxDecimalPlaces;
+    }
+
+    /*!@name Implementation of Handler
+        \see Handler
+    */
+    //@{
+
+    bool Null()                 { Prefix(kNullType);   return EndValue(WriteNull()); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)           { Prefix(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); return EndValue(WriteBool(b)); }
+    bool Int(int i)             { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteInt(i)); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)       { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteUint(u)); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i64)     { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteInt64(i64)); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u64)   { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteUint64(u64)); }
+
+    //! Writes the given \c double value to the stream
+    /*!
+        \param d The value to be written.
+        \return Whether it is succeed.
+    */
+    bool Double(double d)       { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteDouble(d)); }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0);
+        (void)copy;
+        Prefix(kNumberType);
+        return EndValue(WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0);
+        (void)copy;
+        Prefix(kStringType);
+        return EndValue(WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool String(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return String(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        Prefix(kObjectType);
+        new (level_stack_.template Push<Level>()) Level(false);
+        return WriteStartObject();
+    }
+
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool Key(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str)
+    {
+      return Key(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(Level)); // not inside an Object
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!level_stack_.template Top<Level>()->inArray); // currently inside an Array, not Object
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(0 == level_stack_.template Top<Level>()->valueCount % 2); // Object has a Key without a Value
+        level_stack_.template Pop<Level>(1);
+        return EndValue(WriteEndObject());
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        Prefix(kArrayType);
+        new (level_stack_.template Push<Level>()) Level(true);
+        return WriteStartArray();
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount = 0) {
+        (void)elementCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.template Top<Level>()->inArray);
+        level_stack_.template Pop<Level>(1);
+        return EndValue(WriteEndArray());
+    }
+    //@}
+
+    /*! @name Convenience extensions */
+    //@{
+
+    //! Simpler but slower overload.
+    bool String(const Ch* const& str) { return String(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* const& str) { return Key(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+    
+    //@}
+
+    //! Write a raw JSON value.
+    /*!
+        For user to write a stringified JSON as a value.
+
+        \param json A well-formed JSON value. It should not contain null character within [0, length - 1] range.
+        \param length Length of the json.
+        \param type Type of the root of json.
+    */
+    bool RawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length, Type type) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(json != 0);
+        Prefix(type);
+        return EndValue(WriteRawValue(json, length));
+    }
+
+    //! Flush the output stream.
+    /*!
+        Allows the user to flush the output stream immediately.
+     */
+    void Flush() {
+        os_->Flush();
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultLevelDepth = 32;
+
+protected:
+    //! Information for each nested level
+    struct Level {
+        Level(bool inArray_) : valueCount(0), inArray(inArray_) {}
+        size_t valueCount;  //!< number of values in this level
+        bool inArray;       //!< true if in array, otherwise in object
+    };
+
+    bool WriteNull()  {
+        PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteBool(bool b)  {
+        if (b) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'r'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'e');
+        }
+        else {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 5);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 's'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'e');
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteInt(int i) {
+        char buffer[11];
+        const char* end = internal::i32toa(i, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteUint(unsigned u) {
+        char buffer[10];
+        const char* end = internal::u32toa(u, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteInt64(int64_t i64) {
+        char buffer[21];
+        const char* end = internal::i64toa(i64, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteUint64(uint64_t u64) {
+        char buffer[20];
+        char* end = internal::u64toa(u64, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteDouble(double d) {
+        if (internal::Double(d).IsNanOrInf()) {
+            if (!(writeFlags & kWriteNanAndInfFlag) && !(writeFlags & kWriteNanAndInfNullFlag))
+                return false;
+            if (writeFlags & kWriteNanAndInfNullFlag) {
+                PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l');
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (internal::Double(d).IsNan()) {
+                PutReserve(*os_, 3);
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N');
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (internal::Double(d).Sign()) {
+                PutReserve(*os_, 9);
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '-');
+            }
+            else
+                PutReserve(*os_, 8);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'I'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f');
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'y');
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        char buffer[25];
+        char* end = internal::dtoa(d, buffer, maxDecimalPlaces_);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteString(const Ch* str, SizeType length)  {
+        static const typename OutputStream::Ch hexDigits[16] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
+        static const char escape[256] = {
+#define Z16 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+            //0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
+            'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'b', 't', 'n', 'u', 'f', 'r', 'u', 'u', // 00
+            'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', // 10
+              0,   0, '"',   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, // 20
+            Z16, Z16,                                                                       // 30~4F
+              0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,'\\',   0,   0,   0, // 50
+            Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16                                // 60~FF
+#undef Z16
+        };
+
+        if (TargetEncoding::supportUnicode)
+            PutReserve(*os_, 2 + length * 6); // "\uxxxx..."
+        else
+            PutReserve(*os_, 2 + length * 12);  // "\uxxxx\uyyyy..."
+
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, '\"');
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> is(str);
+        while (ScanWriteUnescapedString(is, length)) {
+            const Ch c = is.Peek();
+            if (!TargetEncoding::supportUnicode && static_cast<unsigned>(c) >= 0x80) {
+                // Unicode escaping
+                unsigned codepoint;
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint)))
+                    return false;
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u');
+                if (codepoint <= 0xD7FF || (codepoint >= 0xE000 && codepoint <= 0xFFFF)) {
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint      ) & 15]);
+                }
+                else {
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint >= 0x010000 && codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+                    // Surrogate pair
+                    unsigned s = codepoint - 0x010000;
+                    unsigned lead = (s >> 10) + 0xD800;
+                    unsigned trail = (s & 0x3FF) + 0xDC00;
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead      ) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail      ) & 15]);                    
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((sizeof(Ch) == 1 || static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 256) && RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]))  {
+                is.Take();
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]));
+                if (escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)] == 'u') {
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '0');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '0');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[static_cast<unsigned char>(c) >> 4]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0xF]);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!(writeFlags & kWriteValidateEncodingFlag ? 
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::Validate(is, *os_) :
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::TranscodeUnsafe(is, *os_))))
+                return false;
+        }
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, '\"');
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ScanWriteUnescapedString(GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding>& is, size_t length) {
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+    }
+
+    bool WriteStartObject() { os_->Put('{'); return true; }
+    bool WriteEndObject()   { os_->Put('}'); return true; }
+    bool WriteStartArray()  { os_->Put('['); return true; }
+    bool WriteEndArray()    { os_->Put(']'); return true; }
+
+    bool WriteRawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length) {
+        PutReserve(*os_, length);
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> is(json);
+        while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length)) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() != '\0');
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!(writeFlags & kWriteValidateEncodingFlag ? 
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::Validate(is, *os_) :
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::TranscodeUnsafe(is, *os_))))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void Prefix(Type type) {
+        (void)type;
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(level_stack_.GetSize() != 0)) { // this value is not at root
+            Level* level = level_stack_.template Top<Level>();
+            if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                if (level->inArray) 
+                    os_->Put(','); // add comma if it is not the first element in array
+                else  // in object
+                    os_->Put((level->valueCount % 2 == 0) ? ',' : ':');
+            }
+            if (!level->inArray && level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kStringType);  // if it's in object, then even number should be a name
+            level->valueCount++;
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!hasRoot_);    // Should only has one and only one root.
+            hasRoot_ = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Flush the value if it is the top level one.
+    bool EndValue(bool ret) {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(level_stack_.Empty()))   // end of json text
+            Flush();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    OutputStream* os_;
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> level_stack_;
+    int maxDecimalPlaces_;
+    bool hasRoot_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    Writer(const Writer&);
+    Writer& operator=(const Writer&);
+};
+
+// Full specialization for StringStream to prevent memory copying
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteInt(int i) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(11);
+    const char* end = internal::i32toa(i, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(11 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteUint(unsigned u) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(10);
+    const char* end = internal::u32toa(u, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(10 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteInt64(int64_t i64) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(21);
+    const char* end = internal::i64toa(i64, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(21 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteUint64(uint64_t u) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(20);
+    const char* end = internal::u64toa(u, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(20 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteDouble(double d) {
+    if (internal::Double(d).IsNanOrInf()) {
+        // Note: This code path can only be reached if (RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS & kWriteNanAndInfFlag).
+        if (!(kWriteDefaultFlags & kWriteNanAndInfFlag))
+            return false;
+        if (kWriteDefaultFlags & kWriteNanAndInfNullFlag) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l');
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (internal::Double(d).IsNan()) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 3);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N');
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (internal::Double(d).Sign()) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 9);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, '-');
+        }
+        else
+            PutReserve(*os_, 8);
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'I'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f');
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'y');
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(25);
+    char* end = internal::dtoa(d, buffer, maxDecimalPlaces_);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(25 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::ScanWriteUnescapedString(StringStream& is, size_t length) {
+    if (length < 16)
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+
+    if (!RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length))
+        return false;
+
+    const char* p = is.src_;
+    const char* end = is.head_ + length;
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    const char* endAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(end) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    if (nextAligned > end)
+        return true;
+
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p < 0x20 || *p == '\"' || *p == '\\') {
+            is.src_ = p;
+            return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+        }
+        else
+            os_->PutUnsafe(*p++);
+
+    // The rest of string using SIMD
+    static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+    static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+    static const char space[16]  = { 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F };
+    const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+    const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+    const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+    for (; p != endAligned; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+        const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+        const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x1F) == 0x1F
+        const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+            SizeType len;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            len = offset;
+#else
+            len = static_cast<SizeType>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+            char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os_->PushUnsafe(len));
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                q[i] = p[i];
+
+            p += len;
+            break;
+        }
+        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(os_->PushUnsafe(16)), s);
+    }
+
+    is.src_ = p;
+    return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+}
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_NEON)
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::ScanWriteUnescapedString(StringStream& is, size_t length) {
+    if (length < 16)
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+
+    if (!RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length))
+        return false;
+
+    const char* p = is.src_;
+    const char* end = is.head_ + length;
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    const char* endAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(end) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    if (nextAligned > end)
+        return true;
+
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p < 0x20 || *p == '\"' || *p == '\\') {
+            is.src_ = p;
+            return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+        }
+        else
+            os_->PutUnsafe(*p++);
+
+    // The rest of string using SIMD
+    const uint8x16_t s0 = vmovq_n_u8('"');
+    const uint8x16_t s1 = vmovq_n_u8('\\');
+    const uint8x16_t s2 = vmovq_n_u8('\b');
+    const uint8x16_t s3 = vmovq_n_u8(32);
+
+    for (; p != endAligned; p += 16) {
+        const uint8x16_t s = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(p));
+        uint8x16_t x = vceqq_u8(s, s0);
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s1));
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vceqq_u8(s, s2));
+        x = vorrq_u8(x, vcltq_u8(s, s3));
+
+        x = vrev64q_u8(x);                     // Rev in 64
+        uint64_t low = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 0);   // extract
+        uint64_t high = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(x), 1);  // extract
+
+        SizeType len = 0;
+        bool escaped = false;
+        if (low == 0) {
+            if (high != 0) {
+                uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(high);
+                len = 8 + (lz >> 3);
+                escaped = true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            uint32_t lz = internal::clzll(low);
+            len = lz >> 3;
+            escaped = true;
+        }
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(escaped)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+            char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os_->PushUnsafe(len));
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                q[i] = p[i];
+
+            p += len;
+            break;
+        }
+        vst1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(os_->PushUnsafe(16)), s);
+    }
+
+    is.src_ = p;
+    return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+}
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NEON
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/stateful_test.cpp b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/stateful_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dc65c111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/tests_cpp/stateful_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "rapidjson/writer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+
+#define MODEL_PORT 46500
+#define MODEL_IP "127.0.0.1"
+
+static int _model_socket;
+
+int model_api_init() {
+    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
+    if ((_model_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
+        std::cout<<"Could not create socket"<<std::endl;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(MODEL_PORT);
+    inet_pton(AF_INET, MODEL_IP, &serv_addr.sin_addr);
+    if (connect(_model_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
+        std::cout<<"Could not connect to server"<<std::endl;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void model_api_deinit() {
+    close(_model_socket);
+}
+
+class InsertRequest {
+public:
+    class Value {
+    public:
+        class Ternary {
+        public:
+            std::string value;
+            std::string mask;
+        };
+        class LPM {
+        public:
+            std::string value;
+            int prefix_len;
+        };
+        class Range {
+        public:
+            std::string first;
+            std::string last;
+        };
+
+        std::string exact;
+        Ternary ternary;
+        LPM prefix;
+        Range range;
+        std::vector<Ternary> ternary_list;
+        std::vector<Range> range_list;
+    };
+
+    int table;
+    std::vector<Value> values;
+    int action;
+    std::vector<std::string> params;
+    int priority;
+
+    std::string jsonize() {
+        rapidjson::StringBuffer s;
+        rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(s);
+
+        writer.StartObject();
+            writer.Key("table");
+            writer.Uint(table);
+
+            writer.Key("values");
+            writer.StartArray();
+            for (auto & v : values) {
+                writer.StartObject();
+                    writer.Key("exact");
+                    writer.String(v.exact.c_str());
+
+                    writer.Key("ternary");
+                    writer.StartObject();
+                        writer.Key("value");
+                        writer.String(v.ternary.value.c_str());
+
+                        writer.Key("mask");
+                        writer.String(v.ternary.mask.c_str());
+                    writer.EndObject();
+
+                    writer.Key("prefix");
+                    writer.StartObject();
+                        writer.Key("value");
+                        writer.String(v.prefix.value.c_str());
+
+                        writer.Key("prefix_len");
+                        writer.Uint(v.prefix.prefix_len);
+                    writer.EndObject();
+
+                    writer.Key("range");
+                    writer.StartObject();
+                        writer.Key("first");
+                        writer.String(v.range.first.c_str());
+
+                        writer.Key("last");
+                        writer.String(v.range.last.c_str());
+                    writer.EndObject();
+
+                    writer.Key("ternary_list");
+                    writer.StartArray();
+                    for (auto & item : v.ternary_list) {
+                        writer.StartObject();
+                            writer.Key("value");
+                            writer.String(item.value.c_str());
+
+                            writer.Key("mask");
+                            writer.String(item.mask.c_str());
+                        writer.EndObject();
+                    }
+                    writer.EndArray();
+
+                    writer.Key("range_list");
+                    writer.StartArray();
+                    for (auto & item : v.range_list) {
+                        writer.StartObject();
+                            writer.Key("first");
+                            writer.String(item.first.c_str());
+
+                            writer.Key("last");
+                            writer.String(item.last.c_str());
+                        writer.EndObject();
+                    }
+                    writer.EndArray();
+                writer.EndObject();
+            }
+            writer.EndArray();
+
+            writer.Key("action");
+            writer.Uint(action);
+
+            writer.Key("params");
+            writer.StartArray();
+            for (auto & p : params) {
+                writer.String(p.c_str());
+            }
+            writer.EndArray();
+
+            writer.Key("priority");
+            writer.Uint(priority);
+        writer.EndObject();
+
+        const char * buf = s.GetString();
+        int buf_size = s.GetSize();
+        return std::string(buf, buf_size);
+    }
+};
+
+void model_api_insert(InsertRequest& insertRequest) {
+    uint8_t api_id = 0;
+    uint32_t json_buf_size;
+    const char *json_buf;
+    char json_buf_size_cstr[16];
+    bool status;
+
+    send(_model_socket, &api_id, sizeof(uint8_t), 0);
+
+    std::string json_repr = insertRequest.jsonize();
+    json_buf = json_repr.c_str();
+    json_buf_size = strlen(json_buf);
+
+    snprintf(json_buf_size_cstr, 16, "%08X", json_buf_size);
+    send(_model_socket, json_buf_size_cstr, 8, 0);
+
+    send(_model_socket, json_buf, json_buf_size, 0);
+
+    read(_model_socket, &status, 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+vip.insert({
+    "hdr.ipv4.dst_addr" : 0xC0A80A0F,
+    "action"            : accept,
+    "params"            : []
+})
+*/
+int main()
+{
+    if (model_api_init() < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    InsertRequest insertRequest;
+    insertRequest.table = 19;
+    InsertRequest::Value vip_hdr_ipv4_dst_addr;
+    vip_hdr_ipv4_dst_addr.exact = std::string("0xC0A80A0F");
+    insertRequest.values.push_back(vip_hdr_ipv4_dst_addr);
+    insertRequest.action = 20;
+    model_api_insert(insertRequest);
+
+    model_api_deinit();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/dash-pipeline/python_model/unit_test.py b/dash-pipeline/python_model/unit_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9da37e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dash-pipeline/python_model/unit_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+from scapy.all import *
+from __main import *
+
+vip.insert({
+    "hdr.ipv4.dst_addr" : 0xC0A80A0F,
+    "action"            : accept,
+    "params"            : []
+})
+
+direction_lookup.insert({
+    "hdr.vxlan.vni" : 16777215,
+    "action"        : set_outbound_direction,
+    "params"        : []
+})
+
+eni_ether_address_map.insert({
+    "meta.eni_addr" : 0x204ef61acf47,
+    "action"        : set_eni,
+    "params"        : [12]
+})
+
+eni.insert({
+    "meta.eni_id" : 12,
+    "action"      : set_eni_attrs,
+    "params"      : [0, 0, 0, 1, 0xC0A80A09, 16777215, 7000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+})
+
+routing.insert({
+    "meta.eni_id"           : 12,
+    "meta.is_overlay_ip_v6" : 1,
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"      : {
+        "value"      : 0xABCD1234123412341234123412341234,
+        "prefix_len" : 16
+    },
+    "action"                : route_vnet,
+    "params"                : [8000, 0, 0]
+})
+
+ca_to_pa.insert({
+    "meta.dst_vnet_id"       : 8000,
+    "meta.is_lkup_dst_ip_v6" : 1,
+    "meta.lkup_dst_ip_addr"  : 0xABCD000000000000000000000000EEEE,
+    "action"                 : set_tunnel_mapping,
+    "params"                 : [0xC0A80AC8, 0x305e062adf57, 1, 0, 0]
+})
+
+vnet.insert({
+    "meta.vnet_id" : 8000,
+    "action"       : set_vnet_attrs,
+    "params"       : [78000]
+})
+
+meter_bucket.insert({
+    "meta.eni_id"      : 12,
+    "meta.meter_class" : 0,
+    "action"           : meter_bucket_action,
+    "params"           : [0, 0, 10]
+})
+
+appliance.insert({
+    "meta.appliance_id" : {
+        "value" : 0,
+        "mask"  : 0
+    },
+    "action"            : set_appliance,
+    "params"            : [0, 0]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 1,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 0,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [1, 1]
+})
+
+acl.insert({
+    "meta.dash_acl_group_id" : 2,
+    "meta.src_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_ip_addr"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.src_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.dst_l4_port"  : [
+        {
+            "first" : 0,
+            "last"  : 0xFFFF
+        }
+    ],
+    "meta.ip_protocol"  : [
+        {
+            "value" : 0,
+            "mask"  : 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "priority" : 0,
+    "action"   : set_acl_outcome,
+    "params"   : [0, 1]
+})
+
+inbound_routing.insert({
+    "meta.eni_id"       : 12,
+    "hdr.vxlan.vni"     : 45,
+    "hdr.ipv4.src_addr" : {
+        "value" : 0,
+        "mask"  : 0
+    },
+    "priority"  : 0,
+    "action"    : vxlan_decap,
+    "params"    : []
+})
+
+req_pkt = Ether()/\
+          IP(src="192.168.10.9", dst="192.168.10.15")/\
+          UDP()/\
+          VXLAN(vni=16777215)/\
+          Ether(src="20:4e:f6:1a:cf:47")/\
+          IPv6(src="ABCD:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:AAAA", dst="ABCD:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:EEEE")/\
+          UDP()/\
+          Raw(load=('32ff00'))
+
+resp_pkt = Ether()/\
+           IP(src="192.168.10.55", dst="192.168.10.15")/\
+           UDP()/\
+           VXLAN(vni=45)/\
+           Ether(dst="20:4e:f6:1a:cf:47")/\
+           IPv6(src="ABCD:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:EEEE", dst="ABCD:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:AAAA")/\
+           UDP()/\
+           Raw(load=('32ff00'))
+
+transformed_req_pkt = Ether(run_pipeline(bytes(req_pkt)))
+transformed_resp_pkt = Ether(run_pipeline(bytes(resp_pkt)))
+
+req_pkt.show()
+resp_pkt.show()
+transformed_req_pkt.show()
+transformed_resp_pkt.show()