ClassNotFoundException when running in JDK24 on ARM #44918

dmkeen · 2025-03-27T08:21:45Z

I'm not sure if this is a JDK issue or Spring Boot, but I am unable to run a simple Spring Boot application when running on JDK24 on an ARM machine. When I say "simple" application, I literally mean I ran the Spring Initializr and built the jar.

Spring Initializr settings: Maven build, Java language, Spring Boot 3.4.4 (also tried 3.5.0-M3), jar packaging, Java 21 (also tried 24), no extra dependencies.

I uploaded this application to a Raspberry Pi 3 and ran it with "java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar" and it produces a stacktrace similar to the below - the actual class not found varies from run to run.

When I revert to JDK 23.0.2, it runs fine.

Example stacktrace:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:102)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:64)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher.main(JarLauncher.java:40)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/helpers/NOPLoggerFactory
        at org.slf4j.helpers.NOP_FallbackServiceProvider.<init>(NOP_FallbackServiceProvider.java:17)
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.<clinit>(LoggerFactory.java:105)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter$Slf4jAdapter.createLocationAwareLog(LogAdapter.java:121)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter.createLog(LogAdapter.java:95)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:67)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:59)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.<clinit>(SpringApplication.java:202)
        at com.example.demo.DemoApplication.main(DemoApplication.java:11)
        ... 5 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.helpers.NOPLoggerFactory
        at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.net.protocol.jar.JarUrlClassLoader.loadClass(JarUrlClassLoader.java:107)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.LaunchedClassLoader.loadClass(LaunchedClassLoader.java:91)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        ... 13 more

Another example stacktrace:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:102)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:64)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher.main(JarLauncher.java:40)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogAdapter
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:67)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:59)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.<clinit>(SpringApplication.java:202)
        at com.example.demo.DemoApplication.main(DemoApplication.java:11)
        ... 5 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter
        at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.net.protocol.jar.JarUrlClassLoader.loadClass(JarUrlClassLoader.java:107)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.LaunchedClassLoader.loadClass(LaunchedClassLoader.java:91)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        ... 9 more

Output of java --version (tried Liberica and OpenJDK with the same result):

openjdk 24 2025-03-18
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 24+37)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24+37, mixed mode, sharing)

Output of uname -a:

Linux raspberrypi 6.6.74+rpt-rpi-v8 #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian 1:6.6.74-1+rpt1 (2025-01-27) aarch64 GNU/Linux

The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered:

snicoll · 2025-03-27T08:54:15Z

I cannot reproduce with

openjdk version "24" 2025-03-18
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 24+36-3646)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24+36-3646, mixed mode, sharing)

and

Linux kiwi 6.6.67-v8-16k+ #1833 SMP PREEMPT Fri Dec 20 14:15:46 GMT 2024 aarch64 GNU/Linux

That app generated from Spring Initializr starts fine with java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar.

This looks like something on your end but I can't tell why. Can you please have another look and narrow down how we could reproduce it? Also, most of us are on ARM hardware and didn't notice any such issue. A ClassNotFoundException is a high-level Java Runtime exception so I doubt the CPU had anything to do with it.

mhalbritter · 2025-03-28T16:51:37Z

I can reproduce it.

╰─$ jdk-24/bin/java -version
openjdk version "24" 2025-03-18
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 24+36-3646)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24+36-3646, mixed mode, sharing)

╰─$ uname -a
Linux raspberrypi 6.6.74+rpt-rpi-v8 #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian 1:6.6.74-1+rpt1 (2025-01-27) aarch64 GNU/Linux

╰─$ jdk-24/bin/java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:119)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:565)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:102)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:64)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher.main(JarLauncher.java:40)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/helpers/Reporter
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.safelyInstantiate(LoggerFactory.java:156)
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.findServiceProviders(LoggerFactory.java:134)
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.bind(LoggerFactory.java:195)
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.performInitialization(LoggerFactory.java:187)
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getProvider(LoggerFactory.java:511)
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory(LoggerFactory.java:497)
        at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:446)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter$Slf4jAdapter.createLocationAwareLog(LogAdapter.java:121)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter.createLog(LogAdapter.java:95)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:67)
        at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:59)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.<clinit>(SpringApplication.java:202)
        at com.example.demo.DemoApplication.main(DemoApplication.java:10)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
        ... 4 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.helpers.Reporter
        at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:349)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:557)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.net.protocol.jar.JarUrlClassLoader.loadClass(JarUrlClassLoader.java:107)
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.LaunchedClassLoader.loadClass(LaunchedClassLoader.java:91)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:490)
        ... 18 more

Even when extracting the JAR archive with -Djarmode=tools extract and then trying to run it fails:

╰─$ ~/jdk-24/bin/java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/core/env/Environment
        at com.example.demo.DemoApplication.main(DemoApplication.java:10)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.core.env.Environment
        at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:580)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:490)
        ... 1 more

So it's not something in our loader. I suspect this is a JDK bug.

dmkeen · 2025-03-29T03:14:38Z

Thanks for that! I have submitted a bug report at https://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/ and will report back when I get a response.

mhalbritter · 2025-03-31T09:24:33Z

Here's the JDK bug report: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8353237

mhalbritter · 2025-03-31T09:33:36Z

I can't reproduce it running a Debian Linux on qemu on a M1 Mac:

Linux debian-arm 6.1.0-32-arm64 #1 SMP Debian 6.1.129-1 (2025-03-06) aarch64 GNU/Linux

╰─$ ~/jre-24/bin/java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/

 :: Spring Boot ::               (v3.3.10)

2025-03-31T11:32:12.017+02:00  INFO 960 --- [demo] [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Starting DemoApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT using Java 24 with PID 960 (/home/mhalbritter/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by mhalbritter in /home/mhalbritter)
2025-03-31T11:32:12.020+02:00  INFO 960 --- [demo] [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2025-03-31T11:32:12.273+02:00  INFO 960 --- [demo] [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Started DemoApplication in 0.457 seconds (process running for 0.707)

dmkeen · 2025-03-31T10:29:49Z

Thanks for persisting with this! Yes, I saw that the JDK team were unable to reproduce the issue. Given that they didn’t use the same combination (Linux on AArch64), I submitted feedback and asked whether they could do so.

However with your latest test, it’s starting to almost look specific to the Raspberry Pi.

mhalbritter · 2025-03-31T11:47:15Z

You're using a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B too?

snicoll · 2025-03-31T13:19:23Z

Rpi5 on my end fwiw

dmkeen · 2025-03-31T23:00:34Z

You're using a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B too?

Yes I am:
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2

mhalbritter · 2025-04-01T15:37:41Z

Bellsoft engineers (with whom I've been in contact with) seems to have found a possible problem and said that they have a workaround:

-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:-UseVectorizedHashCodeIntrinsic

I haven't had the chance to test that yet.

dmkeen · 2025-04-01T20:42:57Z

Bellsoft engineers (with whom I've been in contact with) seems to have found a possible problem and said that they have a workaround:
-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:-UseVectorizedHashCodeIntrinsic
I haven't had the chance to test that yet.

Hats off to your Bellsoft contacts - adding those flags does indeed resolve the issue! Thank you!

$ java -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:-UseVectorizedHashCodeIntrinsic -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/

 :: Spring Boot ::                (v3.4.4)

2025-04-02T07:36:28.268+11:00  INFO 84305 --- [demo] [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Starting DemoApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT using Java 24 with PID 84305 (/home/pi/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by pi in /home/pi)
2025-04-02T07:36:28.291+11:00  INFO 84305 --- [demo] [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2025-04-02T07:36:32.292+11:00  INFO 84305 --- [demo] [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Started DemoApplication in 7.703 seconds (process running for 9.929)

mhalbritter · 2025-04-02T07:21:32Z

I guess it's now confirmed that this is indeed a JDK bug, so I'm closing this issue. Glad we found a workaround. AFAIU Bellsoft is working on a fix which they'll contribute to OpenJDK.

spring-projects-issues added the status: waiting-for-triage An issue we've not yet triaged label Mar 27, 2025

snicoll added the status: waiting-for-feedback We need additional information before we can continue label Mar 27, 2025

spring-projects-issues added status: feedback-provided Feedback has been provided and removed status: waiting-for-feedback We need additional information before we can continue labels Mar 29, 2025

mhalbritter closed this as completed Apr 2, 2025

mhalbritter added status: invalid An issue that we don't feel is valid for: external-project For an external project and not something we can fix and removed status: waiting-for-triage An issue we've not yet triaged status: feedback-provided Feedback has been provided labels Apr 2, 2025

mhalbritter closed this as not planned Won't fix, can't repro, duplicate, stale Apr 2, 2025

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ClassNotFoundException when running in JDK24 on ARM #44918

ClassNotFoundException when running in JDK24 on ARM #44918

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ClassNotFoundException when running in JDK24 on ARM #44918

ClassNotFoundException when running in JDK24 on ARM #44918

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