video.js

"use strict";
import { Teletext } from "./teletext.js";
import * as utils from "./utils.js";

const VDISPENABLE = 1 << 0,
    HDISPENABLE = 1 << 1,
    SKEWDISPENABLE = 1 << 2,
    SCANLINEDISPENABLE = 1 << 3,
    USERDISPENABLE = 1 << 4,
    FRAMESKIPENABLE = 1 << 5,
    EVERYTHINGENABLED =
        VDISPENABLE | HDISPENABLE | SKEWDISPENABLE | SCANLINEDISPENABLE | USERDISPENABLE | FRAMESKIPENABLE;

export function Video(isMaster, fb32_param, paint_ext_param) {
    this.isMaster = isMaster;
    this.fb32 = utils.makeFast32(fb32_param);
    this.collook = utils.makeFast32(
        new Uint32Array([
            0xff000000, 0xff0000ff, 0xff00ff00, 0xff00ffff, 0xffff0000, 0xffff00ff, 0xffffff00, 0xffffffff,
        ])
    );
    this.screenAddrAdd = new Uint16Array([0x4000, 0x3000, 0x6000, 0x5800]);
    this.cursorTable = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x20]);
    this.cursorFlashMask = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x10]);
    this.regs = new Uint8Array(32);
    this.bitmapX = 0;
    this.bitmapY = 0;
    this.oddClock = false;
    this.frameCount = 0;
    this.doEvenFrameLogic = false;
    this.isEvenRender = true;
    this.lastRenderWasEven = false;
    this.firstScanline = true;
    this.inHSync = false;
    this.inVSync = false;
    this.hadVSyncThisRow = false;
    this.checkVertAdjust = false;
    this.endOfMainLatched = false;
    this.endOfVertAdjustLatched = false;
    this.endOfFrameLatched = false;
    this.inVertAdjust = false;
    this.inDummyRaster = false;
    this.hpulseWidth = 0;
    this.vpulseWidth = 0;
    this.hpulseCounter = 0;
    this.vpulseCounter = 0;
    this.dispEnabled = FRAMESKIPENABLE;
    this.horizCounter = 0;
    this.vertCounter = 0;
    this.scanlineCounter = 0;
    this.vertAdjustCounter = 0;
    this.addr = 0;
    this.lineStartAddr = 0;
    this.nextLineStartAddr = 0;
    this.ulactrl = 0;
    this.pixelsPerChar = 8;
    this.halfClock = false;
    this.ulaMode = 0;
    this.teletextMode = false;
    this.displayEnableSkew = 0;
    this.ulaPal = utils.makeFast32(new Uint32Array(16));
    this.actualPal = new Uint8Array(16);
    this.teletext = new Teletext();
    this.cursorOn = false;
    this.cursorOff = false;
    this.cursorOnThisFrame = false;
    this.cursorDrawIndex = 0;
    this.cursorPos = 0;
    this.interlacedSyncAndVideo = false;
    this.doubledScanlines = true;
    this.frameSkipCount = 0;

    this.topBorder = 12;
    this.bottomBorder = 13;
    this.leftBorder = 5 * 16;
    this.rightBorder = 3 * 16;

    this.paint_ext = paint_ext_param;

    this.reset = function (cpu, via) {
        this.cpu = cpu;
        this.sysvia = via;
        if (via) via.cb2changecallback = this.cb2changed.bind(this);
    };

    this.paint = function () {
        this.paint_ext(this.leftBorder, this.topBorder, 1024 - this.rightBorder, 625 - this.bottomBorder);
    };

    this.clearPaintBuffer = function () {
        const fb32 = this.fb32;
        if (this.interlacedSyncAndVideo || !this.doubledScanlines) {
            let line = this.frameCount & 1;
            while (line < 625) {
                const start = line * 1024;
                fb32.fill(0, start, start + 1024);
                line += 2;
            }
        } else {
            fb32.fill(0);
        }
    };

    this.paintAndClear = function () {
        if (this.dispEnabled & FRAMESKIPENABLE) {
            this.paint();
            this.clearPaintBuffer();
        }
        this.dispEnabled &= ~FRAMESKIPENABLE;
        let enable = FRAMESKIPENABLE;
        if (this.frameSkipCount > 1) {
            if (this.frameCount % this.frameSkipCount) enable = 0;
        }
        this.dispEnabled |= enable;

        this.bitmapY = 0;
        // Interlace even frame fires vsync midway through a scanline.
        if (!!(this.regs[8] & 1) && !!(this.frameCount & 1)) {
            this.bitmapY = -1;
        }
    };

    function copyFb(dest, src) {
        for (let i = 0; i < 1024 * 768; ++i) {
            dest[i] = src[i];
        }
    }

    let debugPrevScreen = null;

    this.debugOffset = function (x, y) {
        if (x < 0 || x >= 1024) return -1;
        if (y < 0 || y >= 768) return -1;
        return y * 1024 + x;
    };

    function lerp1(a, b, alpha) {
        let val = (b - a) * alpha + a;
        if (val < 0) val = 0;
        if (val > 255) val = 255;
        return val;
    }

    function lerp(col1, col2, alpha) {
        if (alpha < 0) alpha = 0;
        if (alpha > 1) alpha = 1;
        const r1 = (col1 >>> 16) & 0xff;
        const g1 = (col1 >>> 8) & 0xff;
        const b1 = (col1 >>> 0) & 0xff;
        const r2 = (col2 >>> 16) & 0xff;
        const g2 = (col2 >>> 8) & 0xff;
        const b2 = (col2 >>> 0) & 0xff;
        const red = lerp1(r1, r2, alpha);
        const green = lerp1(g1, g2, alpha);
        const blue = lerp1(b1, b2, alpha);
        return (red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue;
    }

    this.debugPaint = function () {
        if (!debugPrevScreen) {
            debugPrevScreen = new Uint32Array(1024 * 768);
        }
        copyFb(debugPrevScreen, this.fb32);
        const dotSize = 10;
        let x, y;
        for (y = -dotSize; y <= dotSize; y++) {
            for (x = -dotSize; x <= dotSize; ++x) {
                const dist = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) / dotSize;
                if (dist > 1) continue;
                const offset = this.debugOffset(this.bitmapX + x, this.bitmapY + y);
                this.fb32[offset] = lerp(this.fb32[offset], 0xffffff, Math.pow(1 - dist, 2));
            }
        }
        this.paint();
        copyFb(this.fb32, debugPrevScreen);
    };

    function table4bppOffset(ulamode, byte) {
        return (ulamode << 12) | (byte << 4);
    }

    this.table4bpp = (function () {
        const t = new Uint8Array(4 * 256 * 16);
        let i, b, temp, left;
        for (b = 0; b < 256; ++b) {
            temp = b;
            for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                left = 0;
                if (temp & 2) left |= 1;
                if (temp & 8) left |= 2;
                if (temp & 32) left |= 4;
                if (temp & 128) left |= 8;
                t[table4bppOffset(3, b) + i] = left;
                temp <<= 1;
                temp |= 1;
            }
            for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                t[table4bppOffset(2, b) + i] = t[table4bppOffset(3, b) + (i >>> 1)];
                t[table4bppOffset(1, b) + i] = t[table4bppOffset(3, b) + (i >>> 2)];
                t[table4bppOffset(0, b) + i] = t[table4bppOffset(3, b) + (i >>> 3)];
            }
        }
        return t;
    })();

    this.blitFb = function (dat, destOffset, numPixels, doubledY) {
        destOffset |= 0;
        numPixels |= 0;
        const offset = table4bppOffset(this.ulaMode, dat);
        const fb32 = this.fb32;
        const ulaPal = this.ulaPal;
        const table4bpp = this.table4bpp;
        if (doubledY) {
            for (let i = 0; i < numPixels; ++i) {
                fb32[destOffset + i] = fb32[destOffset + i + 1024] = ulaPal[table4bpp[offset + i]];
            }
        } else {
            for (let i = 0; i < numPixels; ++i) {
                fb32[destOffset + i] = ulaPal[table4bpp[offset + i]];
            }
        }
    };

    this.handleCursor = function (offset) {
        if (this.cursorOnThisFrame && this.ulactrl & this.cursorTable[this.cursorDrawIndex]) {
            for (let i = 0; i < this.pixelsPerChar; ++i) {
                this.fb32[offset + i] ^= 0x00ffffff;
            }
            if (this.doubledScanlines && !this.interlacedSyncAndVideo) {
                for (let i = 0; i < this.pixelsPerChar; ++i) {
                    this.fb32[offset + 1024 + i] ^= 0x00ffffff;
                }
            }
        }
        if (++this.cursorDrawIndex === 7) this.cursorDrawIndex = 0;
    };

    this.screenAdd = 0;
    this.setScreenAdd = function (viaScreenAdd) {
        this.screenAdd = this.screenAddrAdd[viaScreenAdd];
    };

    this.readVideoMem = function () {
        if (this.addr & 0x2000) {
            // Mode 7 chunky addressing mode if MA13 set.
            // Address offset by scanline is ignored.
            // On model B only, there's a quirk for reading 0x3c00.
            // See: http://www.retrosoftware.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=73&t=1011
            let memAddr = this.addr & 0x3ff;
            if (this.addr & 0x800 || this.isMaster) {
                memAddr |= 0x7c00;
            } else {
                memAddr |= 0x3c00;
            }
            return this.cpu.videoRead(memAddr);
        } else {
            let addr = (this.scanlineCounter & 0x07) | (this.addr << 3);
            // Perform screen address wrap around if MA12 set
            if (this.addr & 0x1000) addr += this.screenAdd;
            return this.cpu.videoRead(addr & 0x7fff);
        }
    };

    this.endOfFrame = function () {
        this.vertCounter = 0;
        this.firstScanline = true;
        this.nextLineStartAddr = (this.regs[13] | (this.regs[12] << 8)) & 0x3fff;
        this.lineStartAddr = this.nextLineStartAddr;
        this.dispEnableSet(VDISPENABLE);
        const cursorFlash = (this.regs[10] & 0x60) >>> 5;
        this.cursorOnThisFrame = cursorFlash === 0 || !!(this.frameCount & this.cursorFlashMask[cursorFlash]);
        this.lastRenderWasEven = this.isEvenRender;
        this.isEvenRender = !(this.frameCount & 1);
        if (!this.inVSync) {
            this.doEvenFrameLogic = false;
        }
    };

    this.endOfCharacterLine = function () {
        this.vertCounter = (this.vertCounter + 1) & 0x7f;

        this.scanlineCounter = 0;
        this.hadVSyncThisRow = false;
        this.dispEnableSet(SCANLINEDISPENABLE);
        this.cursorOn = false;
        this.cursorOff = false;
    };

    this.endOfScanline = function () {
        // End of scanline is the most complicated and quirky area of the
        // 6845. A lot of different states and outcomes are possible.
        // From the start of the frame, we traverse various states
        // linearly, with most optional:
        // - Normal rendering.
        // - Last scanline of normal rendering (vertical adjust pending).
        // - Vertical adjust.
        // - Last scanline of vertical adjust (dummy raster pending).
        // - Dummy raster. (This is for interlace timing.)
        this.firstScanline = false;

        if (this.scanlineCounter === this.regs[11]) this.cursorOff = true;

        this.vpulseCounter = (this.vpulseCounter + 1) & 0x0f;

        // Pre-counter increment compares and logic.
        const r9Hit = this.scanlineCounter === this.regs[9];
        if (r9Hit) {
            // An R9 hit always loads a new character row address, even if
            // we're in vertical adjust!
            // Note that an R9 hit inside vertical adjust does not further
            // increment the vertical counter, but entry into vertical
            // adjust does.
            this.lineStartAddr = this.nextLineStartAddr;
        }

        // Increment scanline.
        if (this.interlacedSyncAndVideo) {
            this.scanlineCounter = (this.scanlineCounter + 2) & 0x1e;
        } else {
            this.scanlineCounter = (this.scanlineCounter + 1) & 0x1f;
        }
        if (!this.teletextMode) {
            // Scanlines 8-15 are off but they display again at 16,
            // mirroring 0-7, and it repeats.
            const off = (this.scanlineCounter >>> 3) & 1;
            if (off) {
                this.dispEnableClear(SCANLINEDISPENABLE);
            } else {
                this.dispEnableSet(SCANLINEDISPENABLE);
            }
        }

        // Reset scanline if necessary.
        if (!this.inVertAdjust && r9Hit) {
            this.endOfCharacterLine();
        }

        if (this.endOfMainLatched && !this.endOfVertAdjustLatched) {
            this.inVertAdjust = true;
        }

        let endOfFrame = false;

        if (this.endOfFrameLatched) {
            endOfFrame = true;
        }

        if (this.endOfVertAdjustLatched) {
            this.inVertAdjust = false;
            // The "dummy raster" is inserted at the very end of frame,
            // after vertical adjust, for even interlace frames.
            // Testing indicates interlace is checked here, a clock before
            // it is entered or not.
            // Like vertical adjust, C4=R4+1.
            if (!!(this.regs[8] & 1) && this.doEvenFrameLogic) {
                this.inDummyRaster = true;
                this.endOfFrameLatched = true;
            } else {
                endOfFrame = true;
            }
        }

        if (endOfFrame) {
            this.endOfMainLatched = false;
            this.endOfVertAdjustLatched = false;
            this.endOfFrameLatched = false;
            this.inDummyRaster = false;

            this.endOfCharacterLine();
            this.endOfFrame();
        }

        this.addr = this.lineStartAddr;

        const cursorStartLine = this.regs[10] & 0x1f;
        if (this.scanlineCounter === cursorStartLine) this.cursorOn = true;

        // The teletext SAA5050 chip has its CRS pin connected to RA0, so
        // we need to update it.
        // The external RA0 value is modified in "interlace sync and video"
        // mode to be odd for odd interlace frames.
        let externalScanline = this.scanlineCounter;
        if (this.interlacedSyncAndVideo && this.frameCount & 1) {
            externalScanline++;
        }
        this.teletext.setRA0(!!(externalScanline & 1));
    };

    this.handleHSync = function () {
        this.hpulseCounter = (this.hpulseCounter + 1) & 0x0f;
        if (this.hpulseCounter === this.hpulseWidth >>> 1) {
            // Start at -8 because the +8 is added before the pixel render.
            this.bitmapX = -8;

            // Half-clock horizontal movement
            if (this.hpulseWidth & 1) {
                this.bitmapX -= 4;
            }

            // The CRT vertical beam speed is constant, so this is actually
            // an approximation that works if hsyncs are spaced evenly.
            this.bitmapY += 2;

            // If no VSync occurs this frame, go back to the top and force a repaint
            if (this.bitmapY >= 768) {
                // Arbitrary moment when TV will give up and start flyback in the absence of an explicit VSync signal
                this.paintAndClear();
            }
        } else if (this.hpulseCounter === (this.regs[3] & 0x0f)) {
            this.inHSync = false;
        }
    };

    this.cb2changed = function (level, output) {
        // Even with no light pen physically attached, the system VIA can
        // configure CB2 as an output and make the CRTC think it sees a
        // real light pen pulse.
        // Triggers on the low -> high CB2 edge.
        // Needed by Pharaoh's Curse to start.
        if (level && output) {
            this.regs[16] = (this.addr >> 8) & 0x3f;
            this.regs[17] = this.addr & 0xff;
        }
    };

    this.dispEnableChanged = function () {
        // The DISPTMG output pin is wired to the SAA5050 teletext chip,
        // for scanline tracking, so keep it apprised.
        const mask = HDISPENABLE | VDISPENABLE | USERDISPENABLE;
        const disptmg = (this.dispEnabled & mask) === mask;
        this.teletext.setDISPTMG(disptmg);
    };

    this.dispEnableSet = function (flag) {
        this.dispEnabled |= flag;
        this.dispEnableChanged();
    };

    this.dispEnableClear = function (flag) {
        this.dispEnabled &= ~flag;
        this.dispEnableChanged();
    };

    ////////////////////
    // Main drawing routine
    this.polltime = function (clocks) {
        while (clocks--) {
            this.oddClock = !this.oddClock;
            // Advance CRT beam.
            this.bitmapX += 8;

            if (this.halfClock && !this.oddClock) {
                continue;
            }

            // This emulates the Hitachi 6845SP CRTC.
            // Other variants have different quirks.

            // Handle HSync
            if (this.inHSync) this.handleHSync();

            // Handle delayed display enable due to skew
            const displayEnablePos = this.displayEnableSkew + (this.teletextMode ? 2 : 0);
            if (this.horizCounter === displayEnablePos) {
                this.dispEnableSet(SKEWDISPENABLE);
            }

            // Latch next line screen address in case we are in the last line of a character row
            if (this.horizCounter === this.regs[1]) this.nextLineStartAddr = this.addr;

            // Handle end of horizontal displayed.
            // Make sure to account for display enable skew.
            // Also, the last scanline character never displays.
            if (
                this.horizCounter === this.regs[1] + displayEnablePos ||
                this.horizCounter === this.regs[0] + displayEnablePos
            ) {
                this.dispEnableClear(HDISPENABLE | SKEWDISPENABLE);
            }

            // Initiate HSync.
            if (this.horizCounter === this.regs[2] && !this.inHSync) {
                this.inHSync = true;
                this.hpulseCounter = 0;
            }

            // Handle VSync.
            // Half-line interlace timing is shown nicely in figure 13 here:
            // http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/components/motorola/_dataSheets/6845.pdf
            // Essentially, on even frames, vsync raise / lower triggers at
            // the mid-scanline, and then a dummy scanline is also added
            // at the end of vertical adjust.
            // Without interlace, frames are 312 scanlines. With interlace,
            // both odd and even frames are 312.5 scanlines.
            const isInterlace = !!(this.regs[8] & 1);
            // TODO: is this off-by-one? b2 uses regs[0]+1.
            // TODO: does this only hit at the half-scanline or is it a
            // half-scanline counter that starts when an R7 hit is noticed?
            const halfR0Hit = this.horizCounter === this.regs[0] >>> 1;
            const isVsyncPoint = !isInterlace || !this.doEvenFrameLogic || halfR0Hit;
            let vSyncEnding = false;
            let vSyncStarting = false;
            if (this.inVSync && this.vpulseCounter === this.vpulseWidth && isVsyncPoint) {
                vSyncEnding = true;
                this.inVSync = false;
            }
            if (this.vertCounter === this.regs[7] && !this.inVSync && !this.hadVSyncThisRow && isVsyncPoint) {
                vSyncStarting = true;
                this.inVSync = true;
            }

            // A vsync will initiate at any character and scanline position,
            // provided there isn't one in progress and provided there
            // wasn't already one in this character row.
            // This is an interesting finding, on a real model B.
            // One further emulated quirk is that in the corner case of a
            // vsync ending and starting at the same time, the vsync
            // pulse continues uninterrupted. The vsync pulse counter will
            // continue counting up and wrap at 16.
            if (vSyncStarting && !vSyncEnding) {
                this.hadVSyncThisRow = true;
                this.vpulseCounter = 0;

                // Avoid intense painting if registers have boot-up or
                // otherwise small values.
                if (this.regs[0] && this.regs[4]) {
                    this.paintAndClear();
                }
            }

            if (vSyncStarting || vSyncEnding) {
                this.sysvia.setVBlankInt(this.inVSync);
                this.teletext.setDEW(this.inVSync);
            }

            // TODO: this will be cleaner if we rework skew to have fetch
            // independent from render.
            const insideBorder = (this.dispEnabled & (HDISPENABLE | VDISPENABLE)) === (HDISPENABLE | VDISPENABLE);
            if ((insideBorder || this.cursorDrawIndex) && this.dispEnabled & FRAMESKIPENABLE) {
                // Read data from address pointer if both horizontal and vertical display enabled.
                const dat = this.readVideoMem();
                if (insideBorder) {
                    if (this.teletextMode) {
                        this.teletext.fetchData(dat);
                    }

                    // Check cursor start.
                    if (
                        this.addr === this.cursorPos &&
                        this.cursorOn &&
                        !this.cursorOff &&
                        this.horizCounter < this.regs[1]
                    ) {
                        this.cursorDrawIndex = 3 - ((this.regs[8] >>> 6) & 3);
                    }
                }

                // Render data depending on display enable state.
                if (this.bitmapX >= 0 && this.bitmapX < 1024 && this.bitmapY < 625) {
                    let doubledLines = false;
                    let offset = this.bitmapY;
                    // There's a painting subtlety here: if we're in an
                    // interlace mode but R6>R4 then we'll get stuck
                    // painting just an odd or even frame, so we double up
                    // scanlines to avoid a ghost half frame.
                    if (
                        (this.doubledScanlines && !this.interlacedSyncAndVideo) ||
                        this.isEvenRender === this.lastRenderWasEven
                    ) {
                        doubledLines = true;
                        offset &= ~1;
                    }

                    offset = offset * 1024 + this.bitmapX;

                    if ((this.dispEnabled & EVERYTHINGENABLED) === EVERYTHINGENABLED) {
                        if (this.teletextMode) {
                            this.teletext.render(this.fb32, offset);
                            if (doubledLines) {
                                this.teletext.render(this.fb32, offset + 1024);
                            }
                        } else {
                            this.blitFb(dat, offset, this.pixelsPerChar, doubledLines);
                        }
                    }
                    if (this.cursorDrawIndex) {
                        this.handleCursor(offset, doubledLines);
                    }
                }
            }

            // CRTC MA always increments, inside display border or not.
            this.addr = (this.addr + 1) & 0x3fff;

            // The Hitachi 6845 decides to end (or never enter) vertical
            // adjust here, one clock after checking whether to enter
            // vertical adjust.
            // In a normal frame, this is C0=2.
            if (this.checkVertAdjust) {
                this.checkVertAdjust = false;
                if (this.endOfMainLatched) {
                    if (this.vertAdjustCounter === this.regs[5]) {
                        this.endOfVertAdjustLatched = true;
                    }
                    this.vertAdjustCounter++;
                    this.vertAdjustCounter &= 0x1f;
                }
            }

            // The Hitachi 6845 appears to latch some form of "last scanline
            // of the frame" state. As shown by Twisted Brain, changing R9
            // from 0 to 6 on the last scanline of the frame does not
            // prevent a new frame from starting.
            // Testing indicates that the latch is set here at exactly C0=1.
            // See also: http://www.cpcwiki.eu/forum/programming/crtc-detailed-operation/msg177585/
            if (this.horizCounter === 1) {
                if (this.vertCounter === this.regs[4] && this.scanlineCounter === this.regs[9]) {
                    this.endOfMainLatched = true;
                    this.vertAdjustCounter = 0;
                }
                // The very next cycle (be it on this same scanline or the
                // next) is used for checking the vertical adjust counter.
                this.checkVertAdjust = true;
            }

            // Handle horizontal total.
            if (this.horizCounter === this.regs[0]) {
                this.endOfScanline();
                this.horizCounter = 0;
                this.dispEnableSet(HDISPENABLE);
            } else {
                this.horizCounter = (this.horizCounter + 1) & 0xff;
            }

            // Handle end of vertical displayed.
            // The Hitachi 6845 will notice this equality at any character,
            // including in the middle of a scanline.
            // An exception is the very first scanline of a frame, where
            // vertical display is always on.
            // We do this after the render and various counter increments
            // because there seems to be a 1 character delay between setting
            // R6=C4 and display actually stopping.
            const r6Hit = this.vertCounter === this.regs[6];
            if (r6Hit && !this.firstScanline && this.dispEnabled & VDISPENABLE) {
                this.dispEnableClear(VDISPENABLE);
                // Perhaps surprisingly, this happens here. Both cursor
                // blink and interlace cease if R6 > R4.
                this.frameCount++;
            }

            // Interlace quirk: an even frame appears to need to see
            // either of an R6 hit or R7 hit in order to activate the
            // dummy raster.
            const r7Hit = this.vertCounter === this.regs[7];
            if (r6Hit || r7Hit) {
                this.doEvenFrameLogic = !!(this.frameCount & 1);
            }
        } // matches while
    };
    ////////////////////

    ////////////////////
    // CRTC interface
    function Crtc(video) {
        this.video = video;
        this.curReg = 0;
        this.crtcmask = new Uint8Array([
            0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x1f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0xf3, 0x1f, 0x7f, 0x1f, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x3f, 0xff,
            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
        ]);
    }

    Crtc.prototype.read = function (addr) {
        if (!(addr & 1)) return 0;
        switch (this.curReg) {
            case 12:
            case 13:
            case 14:
            case 15:
            case 16:
            case 17:
                return this.video.regs[this.curReg];
        }
        return 0;
    };
    Crtc.prototype.write = function (addr, val) {
        if (addr & 1) {
            this.video.regs[this.curReg] = val & this.crtcmask[this.curReg];
            switch (this.curReg) {
                case 3:
                    this.video.hpulseWidth = val & 0x0f;
                    this.video.vpulseWidth = (val & 0xf0) >>> 4;
                    break;
                case 8: {
                    this.video.interlacedSyncAndVideo = (val & 3) === 3;
                    const skew = (val & 0x30) >>> 4;
                    if (skew < 3) {
                        this.video.displayEnableSkew = skew;
                        this.video.dispEnableSet(USERDISPENABLE);
                    } else {
                        this.video.dispEnableClear(USERDISPENABLE);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case 14:
                case 15:
                    this.video.cursorPos = (this.video.regs[15] | (this.video.regs[14] << 8)) & 0x3fff;
                    break;
            }
        } else this.curReg = val & 31;
    };
    this.crtc = new Crtc(this);

    ////////////////////
    // ULA interface
    function Ula(video) {
        this.video = video;
    }

    Ula.prototype.write = function (addr, val) {
        addr |= 0;
        val |= 0;
        if (addr & 1) {
            const index = (val >>> 4) & 0xf;
            this.video.actualPal[index] = val & 0xf;
            let ulaCol = val & 7;
            if (!(val & 8 && this.video.ulactrl & 1)) ulaCol ^= 7;
            if (this.video.ulaPal[index] !== this.video.collook[ulaCol]) {
                this.video.ulaPal[index] = this.video.collook[ulaCol];
            }
        } else {
            if ((this.video.ulactrl ^ val) & 1) {
                // Flash colour has changed.
                const flashEnabled = !!(val & 1);
                for (let i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                    let index = this.video.actualPal[i] & 7;
                    if (!(flashEnabled && this.video.actualPal[i] & 8)) index ^= 7;
                    if (this.video.ulaPal[i] !== this.video.collook[index]) {
                        this.video.ulaPal[i] = this.video.collook[index];
                    }
                }
            }
            this.video.ulactrl = val;
            this.video.pixelsPerChar = val & 0x10 ? 8 : 16;
            this.video.halfClock = !(val & 0x10);
            const newMode = (val >>> 2) & 3;
            if (newMode !== this.video.ulaMode) {
                this.video.ulaMode = newMode;
            }
            this.video.teletextMode = !!(val & 2);
        }
    };

    this.ula = new Ula(this);

    this.reset(null);

    this.clearPaintBuffer();
    this.paint();
}

export function FakeVideo() {
    this.reset = function () {};
    this.ula = this.crtc = {
        read: function () {
            return 0xff;
        },
        write: utils.noop,
    };
    this.polltime = utils.noop;
    this.setScreenAdd = utils.noop;
    this.regs = new Uint8Array(32);
}