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llncs.cls
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llncs.cls
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% LLNCS DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 2.20 (10-Mar-2018)
% Springer Verlag LaTeX2e support for Lecture Notes in Computer Science
%
%%
%% \CharacterTable
%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
%%
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{llncs}[2018/03/10 v2.20
^^J LaTeX document class for Lecture Notes in Computer Science]
% Options
\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
\DeclareOption{citeauthoryear}{\let\citeauthoryear=Y}
\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y}
\let\if@custvec\iftrue
\DeclareOption{orivec}{\let\if@custvec\iffalse}
\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue}
\let\if@runhead\iffalse
\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue}
\let\if@openright\iftrue
\let\if@openbib\iffalse
\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}
% languages
\let\switcht@@therlang\relax
\def\ds@deutsch{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@deutsch}}
\def\ds@francais{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@francais}}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
\ProcessOptions
\LoadClass[twoside]{article}
\RequirePackage{multicol} % needed for the list of participants, index
\RequirePackage{aliascnt}
\setlength{\textwidth}{12.2cm}
\setlength{\textheight}{19.3cm}
\renewcommand\@pnumwidth{2em}
\renewcommand\@tocrmarg{3.5em}
%
\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
\ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else
\vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
{\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm
\parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
\parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
\interlinepenalty\@M
\leavevmode
\@tempdima #3\relax
\advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
{#4}\nobreak
\leaders\hbox{$\m@th
\mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
mu$}\hfill
\nobreak
\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
\par}%
\fi}
%
\def\switcht@albion{%
\def\abstractname{Abstract.}
\def\ackname{Acknowledgement.}
\def\andname{and}
\def\lastandname{\unskip, and}
\def\appendixname{Appendix}
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\claimname{Claim}
\def\conjecturename{Conjecture}
\def\contentsname{Table of Contents}
\def\corollaryname{Corollary}
\def\definitionname{Definition}
\def\examplename{Example}
\def\exercisename{Exercise}
\def\figurename{Fig.}
\def\keywordname{{\bf Keywords:}}
\def\indexname{Index}
\def\lemmaname{Lemma}
\def\contriblistname{List of Contributors}
\def\listfigurename{List of Figures}
\def\listtablename{List of Tables}
\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}
\def\noteaddname{Note added in proof}
\def\notename{Note}
\def\partname{Part}
\def\problemname{Problem}
\def\proofname{Proof}
\def\propertyname{Property}
\def\propositionname{Proposition}
\def\questionname{Question}
\def\remarkname{Remark}
\def\seename{see}
\def\solutionname{Solution}
\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}
\def\tablename{Table}
\def\theoremname{Theorem}}
\switcht@albion
% Names of theorem like environments are already defined
% but must be translated if another language is chosen
%
% French section
\def\switcht@francais{%\typeout{On parle francais.}%
\def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e.}%
\def\ackname{Remerciements.}%
\def\andname{et}%
\def\lastandname{ et}%
\def\appendixname{Appendice}
\def\chaptername{Chapitre}%
\def\claimname{Pr\'etention}%
\def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}%
\def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}%
\def\corollaryname{Corollaire}%
\def\definitionname{D\'efinition}%
\def\examplename{Exemple}%
\def\exercisename{Exercice}%
\def\figurename{Fig.}%
\def\keywordname{{\bf Mots-cl\'e:}}
\def\indexname{Index}
\def\lemmaname{Lemme}%
\def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs}
\def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}%
\def\listtablename{Liste des tables}%
\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}
\def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}%
\def\notename{Remarque}%
\def\partname{Partie}%
\def\problemname{Probl\`eme}%
\def\proofname{Preuve}%
\def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}%
%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
\def\questionname{Question}%
\def\remarkname{Remarque}%
\def\seename{voir}
\def\solutionname{Solution}%
\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}
\def\tablename{Tableau}%
\def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}%
}
%
% German section
\def\switcht@deutsch{%\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}%
\def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung.}%
\def\ackname{Danksagung.}%
\def\andname{und}%
\def\lastandname{ und}%
\def\appendixname{Anhang}%
\def\chaptername{Kapitel}%
\def\claimname{Behauptung}%
\def\conjecturename{Hypothese}%
\def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}%
\def\corollaryname{Korollar}%
%\def\definitionname{Definition}%
\def\examplename{Beispiel}%
\def\exercisename{\"Ubung}%
\def\figurename{Abb.}%
\def\keywordname{{\bf Schl\"usselw\"orter:}}
\def\indexname{Index}
%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
\def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter}
\def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}%
\def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}%
\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}
\def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}%
\def\notename{Anmerkung}%
\def\partname{Teil}%
%\def\problemname{Problem}%
\def\proofname{Beweis}%
\def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}%
%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
\def\questionname{Frage}%
\def\remarkname{Anmerkung}%
\def\seename{siehe}
\def\solutionname{L\"osung}%
\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}
\def\tablename{Tabelle}%
%\def\theoremname{Theorem}%
}
% Ragged bottom for the actual page
\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ plus.0001fil
\global\let\@textbottom\relax}}
\renewcommand\small{%
\@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
\topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\itemsep0\p@}%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}
\frenchspacing
\widowpenalty=10000
\clubpenalty=10000
\setlength\oddsidemargin {63\p@}
\setlength\evensidemargin {63\p@}
\setlength\marginparwidth {90\p@}
\setlength\headsep {16\p@}
\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@}
\setlength\textfloatsep{8mm\@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
\setlength\intextsep {8mm\@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
\newcounter {chapter}
\renewcommand\thechapter {\@arabic\c@chapter}
\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue
\newcommand\frontmatter{\cleardoublepage
\@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{Roman}}
\newcommand\mainmatter{\cleardoublepage
\@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}
\newcommand\backmatter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
\@mainmatterfalse}
\renewcommand\part{\cleardoublepage
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\if@twocolumn
\onecolumn
\@tempswatrue
\else
\@tempswafalse
\fi
\null\vfil
\secdef\@part\@spart}
\def\@part[#1]#2{%
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
\refstepcounter{part}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
\fi
\markboth{}{}%
{\centering
\interlinepenalty \@M
\normalfont
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
\huge\bfseries \partname~\thepart
\par
\vskip 20\p@
\fi
\Huge \bfseries #2\par}%
\@endpart}
\def\@spart#1{%
{\centering
\interlinepenalty \@M
\normalfont
\Huge \bfseries #1\par}%
\@endpart}
\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
\if@twoside
\null
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\newpage
\fi
\if@tempswa
\twocolumn
\fi}
\newcommand\chapter{\clearpage
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\global\@topnum\z@
\@afterindentfalse
\secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter
\refstepcounter{chapter}%
\typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
{\protect\numberline{\thechapter}#1}%
\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
\fi
\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
\fi
\chaptermark{#1}%
\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
\if@twocolumn
\@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
\else
\@makechapterhead{#2}%
\@afterheading
\fi}
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
% \vspace*{50\p@}%
{\centering
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter
\large\bfseries \@chapapp{} \thechapter
\par\nobreak
\vskip 20\p@
\fi
\fi
\interlinepenalty\@M
\Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}}
\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
\@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
\else
\@makeschapterhead{#1}%
\@afterheading
\fi}
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
% \vspace*{50\p@}%
{\centering
\normalfont
\interlinepenalty\@M
\Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}}
\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
{-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
{\normalfont\large\bfseries\boldmath
\rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
{-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath
\rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
{-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
{-12\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph[1]{\typeout{LLNCS warning: You should not use
\string\subparagraph\space with this class}\vskip0.5cm
You should not use \verb|\subparagraph| with this class.\vskip0.5cm}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}
\let\footnotesize\small
\if@custvec
\def\vec#1{\mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}
\fi
\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}
\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr
\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr
\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}}
\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
\let\ts\,
\setlength\leftmargini {17\p@}
\setlength\leftmargin {\leftmargini}
\setlength\leftmarginii {\leftmargini}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini}
\setlength\leftmarginiv {\leftmargini}
\setlength \labelsep {.5em}
\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
\topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\itemsep0\p@}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
\labelwidth\leftmarginii
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep 0\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
\labelwidth\leftmarginiii
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep 0\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
\parsep \z@
\partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@}
\renewcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\renewcommand\labelitemii{$\m@th\bullet$}
\setlength\arraycolsep{1.4\p@}
\setlength\tabcolsep{1.4\p@}
\def\tableofcontents{\chapter*{\contentsname\@mkboth{{\contentsname}}%
{{\contentsname}}}
\def\authcount##1{\setcounter{auco}{##1}\setcounter{@auth}{1}}
\def\lastand{\ifnum\value{auco}=2\relax
\unskip{} \andname\
\else
\unskip \lastandname\
\fi}%
\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
\ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{auco}%
\lastand
\else
\unskip,
\fi}%
\@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
\addvspace{2em plus\p@}% % space above part line
\begingroup
\parindent \z@
\rightskip \z@ plus 5em
\hrule\vskip5pt
\large % same size as for a contribution heading
\bfseries\boldmath % set line in boldface
\leavevmode % TeX command to enter horizontal mode.
#1\par
\vskip5pt
\hrule
\vskip1pt
\nobreak % Never break after part entry
\endgroup}
\def\@dotsep{2}
\let\phantomsection=\relax
\def\hyperhrefextend{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined\else
{}\fi}
\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline
{\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}}%
\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}}%
\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}\hyperhrefextend}}%
\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or
\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}%
\or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}%
\or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}%
\fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}%
}
\def\addtocmark{%
\phantomsection
\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}%
}
\def\l@chapter#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
\vskip 1.0em plus 1pt \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm
\parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
\leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
{\large\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null
\else
\nobreak
\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
\@dotsep mu$}\hfill
\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
\fi\par
\penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
\def\l@title#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
\addvspace{8pt plus 1pt}
\@tempdima \z@
\begingroup
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm
\parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
\leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
#1\nobreak
\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
\@dotsep mu$}\hfill
\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
\penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
\def\l@author#1#2{\addpenalty{\@highpenalty}
\@tempdima=15\p@ %\z@
\begingroup
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm
\pretolerance=10000
\leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima %\hskip -\leftskip
\textit{#1}\par
\penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}
\newdimen\tocchpnum
\newdimen\tocsecnum
\newdimen\tocsectotal
\newdimen\tocsubsecnum
\newdimen\tocsubsectotal
\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum
\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal
\newdimen\tocparanum
\newdimen\tocparatotal
\newdimen\tocsubparanum
\tocchpnum=\z@ % no chapter numbers
\tocsecnum=15\p@ % section 88. plus 2.222pt
\tocsubsecnum=23\p@ % subsection 88.8 plus 2.222pt
\tocsubsubsecnum=27\p@ % subsubsection 88.8.8 plus 1.444pt
\tocparanum=35\p@ % paragraph 88.8.8.8 plus 1.666pt
\tocsubparanum=43\p@ % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 1.888pt
\def\calctocindent{%
\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum
\advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum
\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal
\advance\tocsubsectotal by\tocsubsecnum
\tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal
\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum
\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal
\advance\tocparatotal by\tocparanum}
\calctocindent
\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}}
\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\fi\section*{\listfigurename\@mkboth{{\listfigurename}}{{\listfigurename}}}
\@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{1.5em}}
\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\fi\section*{\listtablename\@mkboth{{\listtablename}}{{\listtablename}}}
\@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\let\l@table\l@figure
\renewcommand\listoffigures{%
\section*{\listfigurename
\@mkboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}%
\@starttoc{lof}%
}
\renewcommand\listoftables{%
\section*{\listtablename
\@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
\@starttoc{lot}%
}
\ifx\oribibl\undefined
\ifx\citeauthoryear\undefined
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
{\section*{\refname}
\def\@biblabel##1{##1.}
\small
\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\if@openbib
\advance\leftmargin\bibindent
\itemindent -\bibindent
\listparindent \itemindent
\parsep \z@
\fi
\usecounter{enumiv}%
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
\if@openbib
\renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
\else
\renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
\fi
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
\sfcode`\.=\@m}
{\def\@noitemerr
{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
\endlist}
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
{\let\protect\noexpand\immediate
\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\newcount\@tempcntc
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
\@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
{\@ifundefined
{b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries
?}\@warning
{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}%
\ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne
\@citea\def\@citea{,}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
\else
\advance\@tempcntb\@ne
\ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc
\else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo
\@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}
\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else
\@citea\def\@citea{,\,\hskip\z@skip}%
\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else
{\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else
\def\@citea{--}\fi
\advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}
\else
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
{\section*{\refname}
\small
\list{}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{}%
\leftmargin\parindent
\itemindent=-\parindent
\labelsep=\z@
\if@openbib
\advance\leftmargin\bibindent
\itemindent -\bibindent
\listparindent \itemindent
\parsep \z@
\fi
\usecounter{enumiv}%
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
\renewcommand\theenumiv{}}%
\if@openbib
\renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
\else
\renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
\fi
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
\sfcode`\.=\@m}
{\def\@noitemerr
{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
\endlist}
\def\@cite#1{#1}%
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[]\if@filesw
{\def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate
\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\fi
\else
\@cons\@openbib@code{\noexpand\small}
\fi
\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number
\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 10\p@}
\def\subitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order
\noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% index entry
\def\subsubitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third
\noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% order index entry
\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ plus5\p@ minus3\p@\relax}
\renewenvironment{theindex}
{\@mkboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
\thispagestyle{empty}\parindent\z@
\parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
\let\item\par
\def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip
\else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}%
\normalfont\small
\begin{multicols}{2}[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]%
}
{\end{multicols}}
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
\kern-3\p@
\hrule\@width 2truecm
\kern2.6\p@}
\newdimen\fnindent
\fnindent1em
\long\def\@makefntext#1{%
\parindent \fnindent%
\leftskip \fnindent%
\noindent
\llap{\hb@xt@1em{\hss\@makefnmark\ }}\ignorespaces#1}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
\small
\vskip\abovecaptionskip
\sbox\@tempboxa{{\bfseries #1.} #2}%
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
{\bfseries #1.} #2\par
\else
\global \@minipagefalse
\hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
\fi
\vskip\belowcaptionskip}
\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thinspace\thefigure}
\def \@floatboxreset {%
\reset@font
\small
\@setnobreak
\@setminipage
}
\def\fps@table{htbp}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\renewenvironment{table}
{\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}%
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}%
\@float{table}}
{\end@float}
\renewenvironment{table*}
{\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}%
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}%
\@dblfloat{table}}
{\end@dblfloat}
\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
\@parboxrestore
\@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
\endgroup}
% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.
\newcounter{@inst}
\newcounter{@auth}
\newcounter{auco}
\newdimen\instindent
\newbox\authrun
\newtoks\authorrunning
\newtoks\tocauthor
\newbox\titrun
\newtoks\titlerunning
\newtoks\toctitle
\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}%
\gdef\@advisor{No Advisor Given}%
\gdef\@title{No Title Given}%
\gdef\@subtitle{}%
\gdef\@institute{No Institute Given}%
\gdef\@thanks{}%
\global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}%
\global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}}
\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}
\def\advisor#1{\gdef\@advisor{#1}}
\def\institutename{\par
\begingroup
\parskip=\z@
\parindent=\z@
\setcounter{@inst}{1}%
\def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}%
\noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace\ignorespaces}%
\setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}%
\ifnum\c@@inst=1\relax
\gdef\fnnstart{0}%
\else
\xdef\fnnstart{\c@@inst}%
\setcounter{@inst}{1}%
\noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace
\fi
\ignorespaces
\@institute\par
\endgroup}
\def\advisortext{\par
\begingroup
\parskip=\z@
\parindent=\z@
\setcounter{@inst}{1}%
\def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}%
\noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace\ignorespaces}%
\setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@advisor}%
\ifnum\c@@inst=1\relax
\gdef\fnnstart{0}%
\else
\xdef\fnnstart{\c@@inst}%
\setcounter{@inst}{1}%
\noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace
\fi
\ignorespaces
\@advisor\par
\endgroup}
\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or
{\star\star\star}\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
\mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
\or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}
\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
\def\orcidID#1{\unskip$^{[#1]}$} % added MR 2018-03-10
\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}
\def\email#1{{\tt#1}}
\AtBeginDocument{\@ifundefined{url}{\def\url#1{#1}}{}%
\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{%
\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{}{\addto\extrasenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
\@ifundefined{extrasfrenchb}{}{\addto\extrasfrenchb{\switcht@francais}}%
\@ifundefined{extrasgerman}{}{\addto\extrasgerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
\@ifundefined{extrasngerman}{}{\addto\extrasngerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
}{\switcht@@therlang}%
\providecommand{\keywords}[1]{\def\and{{\textperiodcentered} }%
\par\addvspace\baselineskip
\noindent\keywordname\enspace\ignorespaces#1}%
\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{%
\def\doi#1{\href{https://doi.org/#1}{https://doi.org/#1}}}{
\def\doi#1{https://doi.org/#1}}
}
\def\homedir{\~{ }}
\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
\clearheadinfo
%
%%% to avoid hyperref warnings
\providecommand*{\toclevel@author}{999}
%%% to make title-entry parent of section-entries
\providecommand*{\toclevel@title}{0}
%
\renewcommand\maketitle{\newpage
\phantomsection
\refstepcounter{chapter}%
\stepcounter{section}%
\setcounter{section}{0}%
\setcounter{subsection}{0}%
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\setcounter{table}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\begingroup
\parindent=\z@
\renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
\if@twocolumn
\ifnum \col@number=\@ne
\@maketitle
\else
\twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
\fi
\else
\newpage
\global\@topnum\z@ % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
\@maketitle
\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
%
\def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
\def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
\instindent=\hsize
\advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
\if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\@title}\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\the\toctitle}\fi
\if@runhead
\if!\the\titlerunning!\else
\edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
\fi
\global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title}%
\ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
\typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}%
\typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to
\string\maketitle}%
\global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
\fi
\xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
\fi
%
\if!\the\tocauthor!\relax
{\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
\def\inst##1{}% added MR 2017-09-20 to remove inst numbers from the TOC
\def\orcidID##1{}% added MR 2017-09-20 to remove ORCID ids from the TOC
\protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}%
\else
\def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}%
\protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}%
\protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}%
\fi
\addtocontents{toc}{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\authcount{\the\c@auco}}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{author}{\toc@uthor}%
\if@runhead
\if!\the\authorrunning!
\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
\setcounter{@auth}{1}%
\else
\edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
\fi
\global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\def\inst##1{}% added MR 2017-09-20 to remove inst numbers from the runninghead
\def\orcidID##1{}% added MR 2017-09-20 to remove ORCID ids from the runninghead
\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}%
\ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
\typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}%
\typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to
\string\maketitle}%