diff --git a/element/element.js b/element/element.js
index 9386722..4523f19 100644
--- a/element/element.js
+++ b/element/element.js
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ function assignProperty(properties, entry) {
     return properties;
 }
 
-export default function LiteralElement(tag, lifecycle = {}, properties = {}, consts = {}) {
+export default function LiteralElement(tag, lifecycle = {}, properties = {}) {
     if (window.DEBUG && typeof src === 'string' && !/^#/.test(src)) {
         console.error('TODO: Support external templates?');
         // requestTemplate(value).then((template) => {
@@ -100,16 +100,27 @@ export default function LiteralElement(tag, lifecycle = {}, properties = {}, con
     if (window.DEBUG) document.head.appendChild(create('comment', ' Templates for ' + name));
     document.head.append.apply(document.head, templates);
 
-    const life = {
+    // Assemble properties
+    const props = properties ?
+        entries(properties).reduce(assignProperty, {}) :
+        {} ;
+
+    const message = window.DEBUG ?
+        'literal element stephen.band/literal/element/' :
+        //+ (keys(consts).length ? '\n  Imports ' + keys(scope).join(', ') : '') :
+        '' ;
+
+    // tag, lifecycle, properties, stylesheet, message
+    return element(tag, {
         // DEBUG stylesheet for in-DOM prints of errors and logs
         shadow: window.DEBUG ? '<link rel="stylesheet" href="../module.css">' : '',
 
         construct: function(shadow, internals) {
-            // Render data
+            // Data object
             internals.object = {};
 
-            // template, parent, consts, data, options
-            const renderer = new Literal(template, this, assign({ host: this, shadow, internals }, consts), undefined);
+            const consts   = { host: this, shadow, internals };
+            const renderer = Literal.fromTemplate(template, this, consts);
             shadow.appendChild(renderer.content);
 
             // Call lifecycle.construct()
@@ -152,18 +163,5 @@ export default function LiteralElement(tag, lifecycle = {}, properties = {}, con
         disable: lifecycle.disable && function disable(shadow, internals) { lifecycle.disable.call(this, shadow, internals, internals.data); },
         reset:   lifecycle.reset   && function reset(shadow, internals)   { lifecycle.reset.call(this, shadow, internals, internals.data); },
         restore: lifecycle.restore && function restore(shadow, internals) { lifecycle.restore.call(this, shadow, internals, internals.data); }
-    };
-
-    // Assemble properties
-    const props = properties ?
-        entries(properties).reduce(assignProperty, {}) :
-        {} ;
-
-    const message = window.DEBUG ?
-        'literal element stephen.band/literal/element/'
-        + (keys(consts).length ? '\n  Imports ' + keys(scope).join(', ') : '') :
-        '' ;
-
-    // tag, lifecycle, properties, stylesheet, message
-    return element(tag, life, props, null, message);
+    }, props, null, message);
 }
diff --git a/literal-html/module.js b/literal-html/module.js
index 7fb135c..7ef4184 100644
--- a/literal-html/module.js
+++ b/literal-html/module.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import Signal           from '../../fn/modules/signal.js';
 import element, { getInternals as Internals } from '../../dom/modules/element.js';
 import assignDataset    from '../modules/dom/assign-dataset.js';
 import requestData      from '../modules/request-data.js';
-import Template         from '../modules/template.js';
+import DOMRenderer      from '../modules/template.js';
 import { printError }   from '../modules/scope/print.js';
 
 const assign  = Object.assign;
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export default element('<template is="literal-html">', {
         internals.initialised = false;
         internals.pushed      = false;
         internals.data        = Signal.of();
-        internals.renderer    = new Template(this, this.parentElement);
+        internals.renderer    = DOMRenderer.fromTemplate(this, this.parentElement);
     },
 
     connect: function(shadow) {
diff --git a/modules/compile/compile-attribute.js b/modules/compile/compile-attribute.js
index 9d4697d..ba5ee9a 100644
--- a/modules/compile/compile-attribute.js
+++ b/modules/compile/compile-attribute.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const assign = Object.assign;
 compileAttributes(array, element, attribute, path, options[, debug])
 **/
 
-export default function compileAttribute(array, element, attribute, path, options, template) {
+export default function compileAttribute(array, element, attribute, path, options, debug) {
     const source = attribute.value;
     if (!isLiteralString(source)) { return; }
 
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ export default function compileAttribute(array, element, attribute, path, option
             property === 'checked' ? CheckedRenderer :
             typeof element[property] === 'boolean' ? BooleanRenderer :
             typeof element[property] === 'object' && element[property].add && element[property].remove ? TokensRenderer :
-        AttributeRenderer :
-    AttributeRenderer ;
+            AttributeRenderer :
+        AttributeRenderer ;
 
-    const target = { template, path, name, source, upgradeable, Renderer };
+    const target = { path, name, source, Renderer, upgradeable, debug };
 
     if (window.DEBUG) {
         const code = truncate(64, '<'
diff --git a/modules/compile/compile-node.js b/modules/compile/compile-node.js
index 5a9206f..fd103b0 100644
--- a/modules/compile/compile-node.js
+++ b/modules/compile/compile-node.js
@@ -130,17 +130,17 @@ const compileNode = overload((targets, node) => toType(node), {
         return targets;
     },
 
-    'text': (targets, node, path, options, template) => {
+    'text': (targets, node, path, options, debug) => {
         const string = node.nodeValue;
         if (!isLiteralString(string)) return targets;
 
         const source = decode(string);
         const target = {
-            template,
             path,
             name: indexOf(node),
             source,
-            Renderer: TextRenderer
+            Renderer: TextRenderer,
+            debug
         };
 
         if (window.DEBUG) {
diff --git a/modules/renderer/renderer-text.js b/modules/renderer/renderer-text.js
index b5bb038..6762f3c 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/renderer-text.js
+++ b/modules/renderer/renderer-text.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import Data             from '../../../fn/modules/data.js';
 import { isCommentNode, isElementNode, isFragmentNode, isTextNode } from '../../../dom/modules/node.js';
 import include          from '../scope/include.js';
 import deleteRange      from '../dom/delete-range.js';
-import Template         from '../template.js';
+import DOMRenderer      from '../template.js';
 import print, { printError } from '../scope/print.js';
 import toText           from './to-text.js';
 import Renderer, { stats } from './renderer.js';
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function objectToContents(state, object, i) {
 
     // If object is not a node or renderer, append to string. Array.isArray()
     // does return true for a proxy of an array.
-    if (!(object instanceof Template) && !(object instanceof Node) && !Array.isArray(object)) {
+    if (!(object instanceof DOMRenderer) && !(object instanceof Node) && !Array.isArray(object)) {
         state.string += toText(object);
         return i;
     }
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ function objectToContents(state, object, i) {
     }
 
     // Object is a freshly rendered Literal Template
-    if (object instanceof Template) {
+    if (object instanceof DOMRenderer) {
         contents[++i].before(toContent(object));
         if (window.DEBUG) ++stats.add;
         contents.splice(i, 0, object);
diff --git a/modules/scope/include.js b/modules/scope/include.js
index 24427e4..2942ed0 100644
--- a/modules/scope/include.js
+++ b/modules/scope/include.js
@@ -20,18 +20,19 @@ ${ data.array.map(include('#list-item')) }
 
 import Data            from '../../../fn/modules/data.js';
 import getById         from '../dom/get-by-id.js';
-import Template        from '../template.js';
+import Literal         from '../template.js';
 import requestTemplate from '../request-template.js';
 import requestData     from '../request-data.js';
 
-function pipe(template, data, element, consts, options) {
-    const renderer = new Template(template, element, consts, options);
+function pipe(template, data, element, consts) {
+    const renderer = Literal.fromTemplate(template, element, consts, data);
+    //const renderer = new Template(template, element, consts, options);
     data.each((data) => renderer.push(data));
     renderer.done(data);
     return renderer;
 }
 
-export default function include(src, data, element, consts, options) {
+export default function include(src, data, element, consts) {
     // Operate on target to be sure we are not registering gets in
     // parent renderer's signal
     const object = Data.objectOf(data);
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ export default function include(src, data, element, consts, options) {
 
         // Support JSON or module URLs
         if (dataRequest) {
-            return dataRequest.then((data) => new Template(template, element, consts, data, options));
+            return dataRequest.then((data) => Literal.fromTemplate(template, element, consts, data));
         }
 
         // Support a stream of data
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ export default function include(src, data, element, consts, options) {
         }
 
         // Support object or ... ?
-        return new Template(template, element, consts, object, options);
+        return Literal.fromTemplate(template, element, consts, data);
     }
 
     // Template is external to document
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ export default function include(src, data, element, consts, options) {
 
     return Promise
     .all([templateRequest, dataRequest])
-    .then(([template, data]) => new Template(template, element, consts, data, options));
+    .then(([template, data]) => Literal.fromTemplate(template, element, consts, data));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/modules/template.js b/modules/template.js
index 63233aa..4d97ae4 100644
--- a/modules/template.js
+++ b/modules/template.js
@@ -83,49 +83,88 @@ function removeRange(first, last, fragment) {
     fragment.appendChild(dom);
 }
 
-export class LiteralDOM {
+export default class LiteralDOM {
+    static compile(fragment, options, src) {
+        if (window.DEBUG) {
+            groupCollapsed('compile', src, 'yellow');
+            const targets = compileNode(fragment, options, src);
+            groupEnd();
+            return targets;
+        }
+
+        return compileNode(fragment, options);
+    }
+
+    static isTemplate(object) {
+        return object instanceof LiteralRenderer;
+    }
+
+    static of(html) {
+        return LiteralRenderer.from(create('template', html));
+    }
+
+    static fromFragment(fragment, identifier, element, consts = {}, data, options) {
+        const compiled = cache[identifier] || (
+            cache[identifier] = LiteralDOM.compile(fragment, options, identifier)
+        );
+
+        // fragment, targets, element, consts, data, options
+        return new LiteralDOM(fragment.cloneNode(true), compiled, element, consts, data, options);
+    }
+
+    static fromTemplate(template, element, consts = {}, data) {
+        const id       = identify(template, 'literal-');
+        const fragment = template.content;
+
+        const options  = {
+            nostrict: template.hasAttribute && template.hasAttribute('nostrict')
+        };
+
+        return LiteralDOM.fromFragment(fragment, '#' + id, element, consts, data, options);
+    }
+
     #first;
     #last;
     #data;
 
-    constructor(content, targets, parent = template.parentElement, consts = {}, data, options = defaults) {
-        const children  = content.childNodes;
+    // fragment, targets, element, consts, data, options
+    constructor(fragment, targets, parent = template.parentElement, consts = {}, data, options = defaults) {
+        const children  = fragment.childNodes;
 
         // The first node may change. The last node is always the last node.
-        this.#data      = Signal.of(Data.objectOf(data));
-        this.#first     = children[0];
-        this.#last      = children[children.length - 1];
-
-        this.content    = content;
-        this.element    = parent;
-        this.consts     = consts;
-        this.contents   = targets
+        this.#data    = Signal.of(Data.objectOf(data));
+        this.#first   = children[0];
+        this.#last    = children[children.length - 1];
+        this.content  = fragment;
+        this.element  = parent;
+        this.consts   = consts;
+        this.contents = targets
             // We must find targets in cloned content
-            .map(this.#toRendererParams, this)
+            .map(this.#toCompiled, this)
             // before we create renderers for them, as renderers may mutate the DOM
             .map(this.#toRenderer, this);
     }
 
-    #toRendererParams(target) {
-        const { path, name, literal, message, template } = target;
+    #toCompiled(compiled) {
+        const { path, name } = compiled;
 
         // Where `.path` exists find the element at the end of the path
         const element = path ? getElement(path, this.content) : this.element ;
 
         // Text renderer expects a text node that must always come from the
         // cloned content fragment
-        const n = typeof name === 'number' ?
+        const node = typeof name === 'number' ?
             path ? element.childNodes[name] :
             this.content.childNodes[name] :
         name;
 
-        // Parameters for Renderer.create():
-        // signal, literal, consts, element, nameOrNode
-        return [this.#data, literal, this.consts, element, n, target];
+        // Parameters for new Renderer()
+        return { element, node, compiled };
     }
 
-    #toRenderer(parameters) {
-        const renderer = Renderer.create(...parameters);
+    #toRenderer({ element, node, compiled }) {
+        const { Renderer, literal } = compiled;
+        const renderer = new Renderer(this.#data, literal, this.consts, element, node, compiled);
         this.done(renderer);
         return renderer;
     }
@@ -255,49 +294,3 @@ assign(LiteralDOM.prototype, {
 
     done: Renderer.prototype.done
 });
-
-export default class LiteralRenderer extends LiteralDOM {
-    static isTemplate(object) {
-        return object instanceof LiteralRenderer;
-    }
-
-    static of(html) {
-        return LiteralRenderer.from(create('template', html));
-    }
-
-    static from(template, parent) {
-        const id       = identify(template, 'literal-');
-        const fragment = template.content;
-        const compiled = cache[id]
-            || (cache[id] = LiteralRenderer.compile(fragment, options, '#' + id));
-
-        return new LiteralDOM(compiled, fragment.cloneNode(true), parent = template.parentElement);
-    }
-
-    static compile(fragment, options, src) {
-        let targets;
-
-        if (window.DEBUG) {
-            groupCollapsed('compile', src, 'yellow');
-            targets = compileNode(fragment, options, src);
-            groupEnd();
-        }
-        else {
-            targets = compileNode(fragment, options);
-        }
-
-        return targets;
-    }
-
-    constructor(template, parent = template.parentElement, consts = {}, data, o = defaults) {
-        const id       = identify(template, 'literal-');
-        const options  = assign({}, o, {
-            nostrict: template.hasAttribute && template.hasAttribute('nostrict')
-        });
-
-        const compiled = cache[id]
-            || (cache[id] = LiteralRenderer.compile(template.content, options, '#' + id));
-
-        super(template.content.cloneNode(true), compiled, parent, consts, data, options);
-    }
-}