diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CharacterBaseSettings.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CharacterBaseSettings.java
index 8b6d1804..36338946 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CharacterBaseSettings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CharacterBaseSettings.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class CharacterBaseSettings
      * @param settingsVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected CharacterBaseSettings(long settingsVa) {
+    CharacterBaseSettings(long settingsVa) {
         super(settingsVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShape.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShape.java
index 3a644ae0..f9e6e09a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShape.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShape.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ abstract public class CompoundShape extends Shape {
      * @param shapeVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected CompoundShape(long shapeVa) {
+    CompoundShape(long shapeVa) {
         super(shapeVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShapeSettings.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShapeSettings.java
index 210e1e84..5d4c93aa 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShapeSettings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/CompoundShapeSettings.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ abstract public class CompoundShapeSettings extends ShapeSettings {
      * @param settingsVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected CompoundShapeSettings(long settingsVa) {
+    CompoundShapeSettings(long settingsVa) {
         super(settingsVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Constraint.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Constraint.java
index 7e4a1a19..bde1ec35 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Constraint.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Constraint.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ abstract public class Constraint extends NonCopyable
      * @param constraintVa the virtual address of the native object to assign
      * (not zero)
      */
-    protected Constraint(long constraintVa) {
+    Constraint(long constraintVa) {
         super(constraintVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConstraintSettings.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConstraintSettings.java
index 6fe3ff52..472fb6bb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConstraintSettings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConstraintSettings.java
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ abstract public class ConstraintSettings
      * @param settingsVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected ConstraintSettings(long settingsVa) {
+    ConstraintSettings(long settingsVa) {
         super(settingsVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShape.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShape.java
index 9c363a7d..de8d2320 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShape.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShape.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ abstract public class ConvexShape extends Shape {
      * @param shapeVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected ConvexShape(long shapeVa) {
+    ConvexShape(long shapeVa) {
         super(shapeVa);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShapeSettings.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShapeSettings.java
index ac66096e..07946924 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShapeSettings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ConvexShapeSettings.java
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ abstract public class ConvexShapeSettings
      * @param virtualAddress the virtual address of the native object to assign
      * (not zero)
      */
-    protected ConvexShapeSettings(long virtualAddress) {
+    ConvexShapeSettings(long virtualAddress) {
         super(virtualAddress);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/DecoratedShape.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/DecoratedShape.java
index e47dfd52..e6a1642a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/DecoratedShape.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/DecoratedShape.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class DecoratedShape extends Shape {
      * @param shapeVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected DecoratedShape(long shapeVa) {
+    DecoratedShape(long shapeVa) {
         super(shapeVa);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/IndexedTriangleNoMaterial.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/IndexedTriangleNoMaterial.java
index 308ea5b0..c9a7ed9a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/IndexedTriangleNoMaterial.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/IndexedTriangleNoMaterial.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public IndexedTriangleNoMaterial() {
      *
      * @param unused to distinguish from the no-arg constructor
      */
-    protected IndexedTriangleNoMaterial(boolean unused) {
+    IndexedTriangleNoMaterial(boolean unused) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public IndexedTriangleNoMaterial(int vi0, int vi1, int vi2) {
      * @param triangleVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected IndexedTriangleNoMaterial(long triangleVa) {
+    IndexedTriangleNoMaterial(long triangleVa) {
         super(triangleVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/JoltPhysicsObject.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/JoltPhysicsObject.java
index 47a64015..bcb9f261 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/JoltPhysicsObject.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/JoltPhysicsObject.java
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ protected JoltPhysicsObject() {
      * @param virtualAddress the virtual address of the native object to assign
      * (not zero)
      */
-    protected JoltPhysicsObject(long virtualAddress) {
+    JoltPhysicsObject(long virtualAddress) {
         assert virtualAddress != 0L;
         this.virtualAddress = virtualAddress;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/NonCopyable.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/NonCopyable.java
index 1e3d7636..b42540df 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/NonCopyable.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/NonCopyable.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ abstract public class NonCopyable extends JoltPhysicsObject {
      * @param virtualAddress the virtual address of the native object to assign
      * (not zero)
      */
-    protected NonCopyable(long virtualAddress) {
+    NonCopyable(long virtualAddress) {
         super(virtualAddress);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/PhysicsMaterial.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/PhysicsMaterial.java
index 492eabb2..01ee6460 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/PhysicsMaterial.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/PhysicsMaterial.java
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class PhysicsMaterial extends SerializableObject
      * @param materialVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected PhysicsMaterial(long materialVa) {
+    PhysicsMaterial(long materialVa) {
         super(materialVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/SerializableObject.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/SerializableObject.java
index 2e5f2b34..4eff8a70 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/SerializableObject.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/SerializableObject.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ abstract public class SerializableObject extends NonCopyable {
      * @param virtualAddress the virtual address of the native object to assign
      * (not zero)
      */
-    protected SerializableObject(long virtualAddress) {
+    SerializableObject(long virtualAddress) {
         super(virtualAddress);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Shape.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Shape.java
index 392f8636..29ed67b1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Shape.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/Shape.java
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ abstract public class Shape extends NonCopyable
      * @param shapeVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected Shape(long shapeVa) {
+    Shape(long shapeVa) {
         super(shapeVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ShapeSettings.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ShapeSettings.java
index 4c8307fe..e0eb5473 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ShapeSettings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/ShapeSettings.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ abstract public class ShapeSettings
      * @param settingsVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected ShapeSettings(long settingsVa) {
+    ShapeSettings(long settingsVa) {
         super(settingsVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraint.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraint.java
index 49167dbe..37859d09 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraint.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraint.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ abstract public class TwoBodyConstraint extends Constraint {
      * @param constraintVa the virtual address of the native object to assign
      * (not zero)
      */
-    protected TwoBodyConstraint(long constraintVa) {
+    TwoBodyConstraint(long constraintVa) {
         super(constraintVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraintSettings.java b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraintSettings.java
index bf369f29..af59564d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraintSettings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/github/stephengold/joltjni/TwoBodyConstraintSettings.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ abstract public class TwoBodyConstraintSettings extends ConstraintSettings {
      * @param settingsVa the virtual address of the native object to assign (not
      * zero)
      */
-    protected TwoBodyConstraintSettings(long settingsVa) {
+    TwoBodyConstraintSettings(long settingsVa) {
         super(settingsVa);
     }
     // *************************************************************************